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Li Z, Li Z, Ji Y, Wang C, Wang S, Shi Y, Le J, Zhang M. The heat shock factor 20-HSF4-cellulose synthase A2 module regulates heat stress tolerance in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2652-2667. [PMID: 38573521 PMCID: PMC11218781 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Temperature shapes the geographical distribution and behavior of plants. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying the plant heat stress response is important for developing climate-resilient crops, including maize (Zea mays). To identify transcription factors (TFs) that may contribute to the maize heat stress response, we generated a dataset of short- and long-term transcriptome changes following a heat treatment time course in the inbred line B73. Co-expression network analysis highlighted several TFs, including the class B2a heat shock factor (HSF) ZmHSF20. Zmhsf20 mutant seedlings exhibited enhanced tolerance to heat stress. Furthermore, DNA affinity purification sequencing and Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation assays demonstrated that ZmHSF20 binds to the promoters of Cellulose synthase A2 (ZmCesA2) and three class A Hsf genes, including ZmHsf4, repressing their transcription. We showed that ZmCesA2 and ZmHSF4 promote the heat stress response, with ZmHSF4 directly activating ZmCesA2 transcription. In agreement with the transcriptome analysis, ZmHSF20 inhibited cellulose accumulation and repressed the expression of cell wall-related genes. Importantly, the Zmhsf20 Zmhsf4 double mutant exhibited decreased thermotolerance, placing ZmHsf4 downstream of ZmHsf20. We proposed an expanded model of the heat stress response in maize, whereby ZmHSF20 lowers seedling heat tolerance by repressing ZmHsf4 and ZmCesA2, thus balancing seedling growth and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zerui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Maisuria HJ, Dhaduk HL, Kumar S, Sakure AA, Thounaojam AS. Physiological and gene expression responses involved in teak (Tectona grandis L.) seedlings exposed to osmotic and salt stressors. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4875-4886. [PMID: 37060520 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teak (Tectona grandis L.) is a forest tree having 2n = 2x = 36 diploid chromosomes. Plants are continually subjected to variety of abiotic stresses due to climate change, which alter their physiological processes and gene expression. METHODS AND RESULTS The current study sought to examine the physiological and differential gene expression of teak seedlings exposed to abiotic stresses (150 mM NaCl and 15% PEG-6000). Chlorophyll content, membrane stability index and relative water content were measured at 0, 2, 7 and 12 days after treatment. These parameters were initially numerically reduced, but they were significantly reduced during a longer period of treatment. Seedlings treated with 150 mM NaCl displayed more harmful effect on the plant than other treatments. The results showed that variety of stresses significantly affect the physiology of seedlings because they cause membrane damage, ROS generation, chlorophyll degradation, and reduction in water absorption. The gene expression of treated and control seedlings was also evaluated at 12 days after treatment. Ten stress-related genes were examined for their differential expression using RT-PCR under applied stress. The stress-treated seedlings' leaves showed an up-regulated expression of the genes MYB-3, HSP-1, BI-1 and CS-2. CONCLUSION Up-regulation of the genes confirmed the protective function of these genes in plants under abiotic stress. However, gene expression was affected by treatments, the extent of stress and the species of plant. This study came to the conclusion that physiological parameters could be utilized as marker indices to assess a tree's capability to withstand stress at seedling stage. The up-regulated genes will be further investigated and utilized to validate stress tolerance and susceptible teak seedlings.
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The Conserved Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein MaCFEM85 Interacts with MsWAK16 to Activate Plant Defenses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044037. [PMID: 36835451 PMCID: PMC9967070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus which may enhance plant growth and resistance when acting as an endophyte in host plants. However, little is known about the protein interactions nor their activating mechanisms. Common in fungal extracellular membrane (CFEM) proteins have been identified as plant immune regulators that suppress or activate plant resistance responses. Here, we identified a CFEM domain-containing protein, MaCFEM85, which was mainly localized in the plasma membrane. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrated that MaCFEM85 interacted with the extracellular domain of a Medicago sativa (alfalfa) membrane protein, MsWAK16. Gene expression analyses showed that MaCFEM85 and MsWAK16 were significantly upregulated in M. anisopliae and M. sativa, respectively, from 12 to 60 h after co-inoculation. Additional yeast two-hybrid assays and amino acid site-specific mutation indicated that the CFEM domain and 52th cysteine specifically were required for the interaction of MaCFEM85 with MsWAK16. Defense function assays showed that JA was up-regulated, but Botrytis cinerea lesion size and Myzus persicae reproduction were suppressed by transient expression of MaCFEM85 and MsWAK16 in the model host plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying interactions of M. anisopliae with host plants.
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Nasrollahi V, Yuan ZC, Lu QSM, McDowell T, Kohalmi SE, Hannoufa A. Deciphering the role of SPL12 and AGL6 from a genetic module that functions in nodulation and root regeneration in Medicago sativa. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:511-529. [PMID: 35976552 PMCID: PMC9684250 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Our results show that SPL12 plays a crucial role in regulating nodule development in Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa), and that AGL6 is targeted and downregulated by SPL12. Root architecture in plants is critical because of its role in controlling nutrient cycling, water use efficiency and response to biotic and abiotic stress factors. The small RNA, microRNA156 (miR156), is highly conserved in plants, where it functions by silencing a group of SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factors. We previously showed that transgenic Medicago sativa (alfalfa) plants overexpressing miR156 display increased nodulation, improved nitrogen fixation and enhanced root regenerative capacity during vegetative propagation. In alfalfa, transcripts of eleven SPLs, including SPL12, are targeted for cleavage by miR156. In this study, we characterized the role of SPL12 in root architecture and nodulation by investigating the transcriptomic and phenotypic changes associated with altered transcript levels of SPL12, and by determining SPL12 regulatory targets using SPL12-silencing and -overexpressing alfalfa plants. Phenotypic analyses showed that silencing of SPL12 in alfalfa caused an increase in root regeneration, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation. In addition, AGL6 which encodes AGAMOUS-like MADS box transcription factor, was identified as being directly targeted for silencing by SPL12, based on Next Generation Sequencing-mediated transcriptome analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Taken together, our results suggest that SPL12 and AGL6 form a genetic module that regulates root development and nodulation in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Nasrollahi
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ze-Chun Yuan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Qing Shi Mimmie Lu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Tim McDowell
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Susanne E Kohalmi
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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Nasrollahi V, Yuan ZC, Kohalmi SE, Hannoufa A. SPL12 Regulates AGL6 and AGL21 to Modulate Nodulation and Root Regeneration under Osmotic Stress and Nitrate Sufficiency Conditions in Medicago sativa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223071. [PMID: 36432802 PMCID: PMC9697194 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The highly conserved plant microRNA, miR156, affects root architecture, nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and stress response. In Medicago sativa, transcripts of eleven SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE, SPLs, including SPL12, are targeted for cleavage by miR156. Our previous research revealed the role of SPL12 and its target gene, AGL6, in nodulation in alfalfa. Here, we investigated the involvement of SPL12, AGL6 and AGL21 in nodulation under osmotic stress and different nitrate availability conditions. Characterization of phenotypic and molecular parameters revealed that the SPL12/AGL6 module plays a negative role in maintaining nodulation under osmotic stress. While there was a decrease in the nodule numbers in WT plants under osmotic stress, the SPL12-RNAi and AGL6-RNAi genotypes maintained nodulation under osmotic stress. Moreover, the results showed that SPL12 regulates nodulation under a high concentration of nitrate by silencing AGL21. AGL21 transcript levels were increased under nitrate treatment in WT plants, but SPL12 was not affected throughout the treatment period. Given that AGL21 was significantly upregulated in SPL12-RNAi plants, we conclude that SPL12 may be involved in regulating nitrate inhibition of nodulation in alfalfa by targeting AGL21. Taken together, our results suggest that SPL12, AGL6, and AGL21 form a genetic module that regulates nodulation in alfalfa under osmotic stress and in response to nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Nasrollahi
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ze-Chun Yuan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Susanne E. Kohalmi
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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Leal AR, Belo J, Beeckman T, Barros PM, Oliveira MM. The Combined Effect of Heat and Osmotic Stress on Suberization of Arabidopsis Roots. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152341. [PMID: 35954186 PMCID: PMC9367520 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous occurrence of heat stress and drought is becoming more regular as a consequence of climate change, causing extensive agricultural losses. The application of either heat or osmotic stress increase cell-wall suberization in different tissues, which may play a role in improving plant resilience. In this work, we studied how the suberization process is affected by the combination of drought and heat stress by following the expression of suberin biosynthesis genes, cell-wall suberization and the chemical composition in Arabidopsis roots. The Arabidopsis plants used in this study were at the onset of secondary root development. At this point, one can observe a developmental gradient in the main root, with primary development closer to the root tip and secondary development, confirmed by the suberized phellem, closer to the shoot. Remarkably, we found a differential response depending on the root zone. The combination of drought and heat stress increased cell wall suberization in main root segments undergoing secondary development and in lateral roots (LRs), while the main root zone, at primary development stage, was not particularly affected. We also found differences in the overall chemical composition of the cell walls in both root zones in response to combined stress. The data gathered showed that, under combined drought and heat stress, Arabidopsis roots undergo differential cell wall remodeling depending on developmental stage, with modifications in the biosynthesis and/or assembly of major cell wall components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Leal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.R.L.); (J.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joana Belo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.R.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pedro M. Barros
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.R.L.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.B.); (M.M.O.)
| | - M. Margarida Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.R.L.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.B.); (M.M.O.)
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Tiwari M, Kumar R, Min D, Jagadish SVK. Genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying root architecture and function under heat stress-A hidden story. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:771-788. [PMID: 35043409 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress events are resulting in a significant negative impact on global food production. The dynamics of cellular, molecular and physiological homoeostasis in aboveground parts under heat stress are extensively deciphered. However, root responses to higher soil/air temperature or stress signalling from shoot to root are limited. Therefore, this review presents a holistic view of root physio-morphological and molecular responses to adapt under hotter environments. Heat stress reprogrammes root cellular machinery, including crosstalk between genes, phytohormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. Spatio-temporal regulation and long-distance transport of phytohormones, such as auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid (ABA) determine the root growth and development under heat stress. ABA cardinally integrates a signalling pathway involving heat shock factors, heat shock proteins and ROS to govern heat stress responses. Additionally, epigenetic modifications by transposable elements, DNA methylation and acetylation also regulate root growth under heat stress. Exogenous application of chemical compounds or biological agents such as ascorbic acid, metal ion chelators, fungi and bacteria can alleviate heat stress-induced reduction in root biomass. Future research should focus on the systemic effect of heat stress from shoot to root with more detailed investigations to decipher the molecular cues underlying the roots architecture and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Tiwari
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Doohong Min
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Kothari A, Lachowiec J. Roles of Brassinosteroids in Mitigating Heat Stress Damage in Cereal Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2706. [PMID: 33800127 PMCID: PMC7962182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress causes huge losses in the yield of cereal crops. Temperature influences the rate of plant metabolic and developmental processes that ultimately determine the production of grains, with high temperatures causing a reduction in grain yield and quality. To ensure continued food security, the tolerance of high temperature is rapidly becoming necessary. Brassinosteroids (BR) are a class of plant hormones that impact tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses and regulate cereal growth and fertility. Fine-tuning the action of BR has the potential to increase cereals' tolerance and acclimation to heat stress and maintain yields. Mechanistically, exogenous applications of BR protect yields through amplifying responses to heat stress and rescuing the expression of growth promoters. Varied BR compounds and differential signaling mechanisms across cereals point to a diversity of mechanisms that can be leveraged to mitigate heat stress. Further, hormone transport and BR interaction with other molecules in plants may be critical to utilizing BR as protective agrochemicals against heat stress. Understanding the interplay between heat stress responses, growth processes and hormone signaling may lead us to a comprehensive dogma of how to tune BR application for optimizing cereal growth under challenging environments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Lachowiec
- Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
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Li Y, Si YT, He YX, Li JX. Comparative analysis of drought-responsive and -adaptive genes in Chinese wingnut (Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:155. [PMID: 33663380 PMCID: PMC7934232 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drought is the main stress factor for the cultivation of Pterocarya stenoptera in urban areas, and this factor will cause its dehydration and affect its growth. Identifying drought-related genes will be useful for understanding the drought adaptation mechanism of P. stenoptera. Results We used physiological indicator detection, comparative transcriptome sequencing, and reanalysis on the results of previous landscape genomics studies to investigate the drought adaptation mechanism in P. stenoptera. The changes in malondialdehyde content showed that P. stenoptera was remarkably affected by drought stress, and the increase in soluble sugar content suggested its important role in response to drought stress. Results of comparative transcriptome sequencing showed that P. stenoptera initiated a series of programs, such as increasing the gene expression of unsaturated fatty acids, tyrosine, and plant pathogen resistance, to deal with the transient drought stress. According to the annotated results in a previous study, P. stenoptera adapts to the long-term differential drought stress by regulating the thickness of cell walls and expressing upper or lower limits of the downstream genes in the hormone signaling pathway. Through the comparative analysis of drought-responsive and -adaptive genes in P. stenoptera, this study supports the hypothesis that the environment-responsive genes (ERGs) introduced by the transient environmental stresses will be substantially more than the environment-adaptive genes (EAGs) in response to long-term differential environmental stresses, and the EAGs are not necessarily ERGs. Conclusions Our study identified drought-responsive and -adaptive genes in P. stenoptera and revealed that P. stenoptera increased the gene expression of unsaturated fatty acids, tyrosine, and plant pathogen resistance in response to transient drought stress. This study reveals the different adaptation mechanism of P. stenoptera under the transient and long-term differential drought stresses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07470-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Innovation Platform of Molecular Biology, College of Landcape and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Si
- Innovation Platform of Molecular Biology, College of Landcape and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xia He
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Innovation Platform of Molecular Biology, College of Landcape and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Gutsch A, Hendrix S, Guerriero G, Renaut J, Lutts S, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Hausman JF, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A, Sergeant K. Long-Term Cd Exposure Alters the Metabolite Profile in Stem Tissue of Medicago sativa. Cells 2020; 9:E2707. [PMID: 33348837 PMCID: PMC7765984 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common pollutant, cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals accumulating in agricultural soils through anthropogenic activities. The uptake of Cd by plants is the main entry route into the human food chain, whilst in plants it elicits oxidative stress by unbalancing the cellular redox status. Medicago sativa was subjected to chronic Cd stress for five months. Targeted and untargeted metabolic analyses were performed. Long-term Cd exposure altered the amino acid composition with levels of asparagine, histidine and proline decreasing in stems but increasing in leaves. This suggests tissue-specific metabolic stress responses, which are often not considered in environmental studies focused on leaves. In stem tissue, profiles of secondary metabolites were clearly separated between control and Cd-exposed plants. Fifty-one secondary metabolites were identified that changed significantly upon Cd exposure, of which the majority are (iso)flavonoid conjugates. Cadmium exposure stimulated the phenylpropanoid pathway that led to the accumulation of secondary metabolites in stems rather than cell wall lignification. Those metabolites are antioxidants mitigating oxidative stress and preventing cellular damage. By an adequate adjustment of its metabolic composition, M. sativa reaches a new steady state, which enables the plant to acclimate under chronic Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Gutsch
- GreenTech Innovation Center, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.G.); (G.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.)
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gea Guerriero
- GreenTech Innovation Center, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.G.); (G.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Jenny Renaut
- GreenTech Innovation Center, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.G.); (G.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute—Agronomy, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5, Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Plant Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (S.A.); (A.R.F.)
- Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Plant Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (S.A.); (A.R.F.)
- Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- GreenTech Innovation Center, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.G.); (G.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- GreenTech Innovation Center, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.G.); (G.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
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Rativa AGS, Junior ATDA, Friedrich DDS, Gastmann R, Lamb TI, Silva ADS, Adamski JM, Fett JP, Ricachenevsky FK, Sperotto RA. Root responses of contrasting rice genotypes to low temperature stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 255:153307. [PMID: 33142180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ssp. indica is the most cultivated species in the South of Brazil. However, these plants face low temperature stress from September to November, which is the period of early sowing, affecting plant development during the initial stages of growth, and reducing rice productivity. This study aimed to characterize the root response to low temperature stress during the early vegetative stage of two rice genotypes contrasting in their cold tolerance (CT, cold-tolerant; and CS, cold-sensitive). Root dry weight and length, as well as the number of root hairs, were higher in CT than CS when exposed to cold treatment. Histochemical analyses indicated that roots of CS genotype present higher levels of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation, along with lower levels of plasma membrane integrity than CT under low temperature stress. RNAseq analyses revealed that the contrasting genotypes present completely different molecular responses to cold stress. The number of over-represented functional categories was lower in CT than CS under cold condition, suggesting that CS genotype is more impacted by low temperature stress than CT. Several genes might contribute to rice cold tolerance, including the ones related with cell wall remodeling, cytoskeleton and growth, signaling, antioxidant system, lipid metabolism, and stress response. On the other hand, high expression of the genes SRC2 (defense), root architecture associated 1 (growth), ACC oxidase, ethylene-responsive transcription factor, and cytokinin-O-glucosyltransferase 2 (hormone-related) seems to be related with cold sensibility. Since these two genotypes have a similar genetic background (sister lines), the differentially expressed genes found here can be considered candidate genes for cold tolerance and could be used in future biotechnological approaches aiming to increase rice tolerance to low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Gastmann
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, University of Taquari Valley - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Thainá Inês Lamb
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, University of Taquari Valley - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
| | | | | | - Janette Palma Fett
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Raul Antonio Sperotto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Taquari Valley - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil; Biological Sciences and Health Center, University of Taquari Valley - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil.
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12
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Hori C, Yu X, Mortimer JC, Sano R, Matsumoto T, Kikuchi J, Demura T, Ohtani M. Impact of abiotic stress on the regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2020; 37:273-283. [PMID: 33088190 PMCID: PMC7557660 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Growth of biomass for lignocellulosic biofuels and biomaterials may take place on land unsuitable for foods, meaning the biomass plants are exposed to increased abiotic stresses. Thus, the understanding how this affects biomass composition and quality is important for downstream bioprocessing. Here, we analyzed the effect of drought and salt stress on cell wall biosynthesis in young shoots and xylem tissues of Populus trichocarpa using transcriptomic and biochemical methods. Following exposure to abiotic stress, stem tissues reduced vessel sizes, and young shoots increased xylem formation. Compositional analyses revealed a reduction in the total amount of cell wall polysaccharides. In contrast, the total lignin amount was unchanged, while the ratio of S/G lignin was significantly decreased in young shoots. Consistent with these observations, transcriptome analyses show that the expression of a subset of cell wall-related genes is tightly regulated by drought and salt stresses. In particular, the expression of a part of genes encoding key enzymes for S-lignin biosynthesis, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase and ferulate 5-hydroxylase, was decreased, suggesting the lower S/G ratio could be partly attributed to the down-regulation of these genes. Together, our data identifies a transcriptional abiotic stress response strategy in poplar, which results in adaptive changes to the plant cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Hori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Research Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Xiang Yu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jenny C. Mortimer
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ryosuke Sano
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsumoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-743-72-5460 Fax: +81-743-72-5469
| | - Misato Ohtani
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-4-7136-3673 Fax: +81-4-7136-3674
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13
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Ambroise V, Legay S, Guerriero G, Hausman JF, Cuypers A, Sergeant K. The Roots of Plant Frost Hardiness and Tolerance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:3-20. [PMID: 31626277 PMCID: PMC6977023 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Frost stress severely affects agriculture and agroforestry worldwide. Although many studies about frost hardening and resistance have been published, most of them focused on the aboveground organs and only a minority specifically targets the roots. However, roots and aboveground tissues have different physiologies and stress response mechanisms. Climate models predict an increase in the magnitude and frequency of late-frost events, which, together with an observed loss of soil insulation, will greatly decrease plant primary production due to damage at the root level. Molecular and metabolic responses inducing root cold hardiness are complex. They involve a variety of processes related to modifications in cell wall composition, maintenance of the cellular homeostasis and the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. After a summary of the current climatic models, this review details the specificity of freezing stress at the root level and explores the strategies roots developed to cope with freezing stress. We then describe the level to which roots can be frost hardy, depending on their age, size category and species. After that, we compare the environmental signals inducing cold acclimation and frost hardening in the roots and aboveground organs. Subsequently, we discuss how roots sense cold at a cellular level and briefly describe the following signal transduction pathway, which leads to molecular and metabolic responses associated with frost hardening. Finally, the current options available to increase root frost tolerance are explored and promising lines of future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ambroise
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
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14
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Ambroise V, Legay S, Guerriero G, Hausman JF, Cuypers A, Sergeant K. Selection of Appropriate Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis under Abiotic Stresses in Salix viminalis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174210. [PMID: 31466254 PMCID: PMC6747362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salix viminalis is a fast growing willow species with potential as a plant used for biomass feedstock or for phytoremediation. However, few reference genes (RGs) for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) are available in S. viminalis, thereby limiting gene expression studies. Here, we investigated the expression stability of 14 candidate reference genes (RGs) across various organs exposed to five abiotic stresses (cold, heat, drought, salt, and poly-metals). Four RGs ranking algorithms, namely geNormPLUS, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and GrayNorm were applied to analyze the qPCR data and the outputs were merged into consensus lists with RankAggreg, a rank aggregation algorithm. In addition, the optimal RG combinations were determined with geNormPLUS and GrayNorm. The genes that were the most stable in the roots were TIP41 and CDC2. In the leaves, TIP41 was the most stable, followed by EF1b and ARI8, depending on the condition tested. Conversely, GAPDH and β-TUB, two genes commonly used for qPCR data normalization were the least stable across all organs. Nevertheless, both geNormPLUS and GrayNorm recommended the use of a combination of genes rather than a single one. These results are valuable for research of transcriptomic responses in different S. viminalis organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ambroise
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
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15
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Cao S, Cheng H, Zhang J, Aslam M, Yan M, Hu A, Lin L, Ojolo SP, Zhao H, Priyadarshani SVGN, Yu Y, Cao G, Qin Y. Genome-Wide Identification, Expression Pattern Analysis and Evolution of the Ces/Csl Gene Superfamily in Pineapple ( Ananas comosus). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E275. [PMID: 31398920 PMCID: PMC6724413 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cellulose synthase (Ces) and cellulose synthase-like (Csl) gene families belonging to the cellulose synthase gene superfamily, are responsible for the biosynthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose of the plant cell wall, and play critical roles in plant development, growth and evolution. However, the Ces/Csl gene family remains to be characterized in pineapple, a highly valued and delicious tropical fruit. Here, we carried out genome-wide study and identified a total of seven Ces genes and 25 Csl genes in pineapple. Genomic features and phylogeny analysis of Ces/Csl genes were carried out, including phylogenetic tree, chromosomal locations, gene structures, and conserved motifs identification. In addition, we identified 32 pineapple AcoCes/Csl genes with 31 Arabidopsis AtCes/Csl genes as orthologs by the syntenic and phylogenetic approaches. Furthermore, a RNA-seq investigation exhibited the expression profile of several AcoCes/Csl genes in various tissues and multiple developmental stages. Collectively, we provided comprehensive information of the evolution and function of pineapple Ces/Csl gene superfamily, which would be useful for screening out and characterization of the putative genes responsible for tissue development in pineapple. The present study laid the foundation for future functional characterization of Ces/Csl genes in pineapple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiang Cao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center under National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiashuo Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Maokai Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Anqi Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lili Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center under National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Simon Peter Ojolo
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Heming Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - S V G N Priyadarshani
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Guangqiu Cao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China.
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center under National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Yuan Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
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16
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Gutsch A, Sergeant K, Keunen E, Prinsen E, Guerriero G, Renaut J, Hausman JF, Cuypers A. Does long-term cadmium exposure influence the composition of pectic polysaccharides in the cell wall of Medicago sativa stems? BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:271. [PMID: 31226937 PMCID: PMC6588869 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the environment due to anthropogenic influences. It is unessential and harmful to all life forms. The plant cell wall forms a physical barrier against environmental stress and changes in the cell wall structure have been observed upon Cd exposure. In the current study, changes in the cell wall composition and structure of Medicago sativa stems were investigated after long-term exposure to Cd. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for quantitative protein analysis was complemented with targeted gene expression analysis and combined with analyses of the cell wall composition. RESULTS Several proteins determining for the cell wall structure changed in abundance. Structural changes mainly appeared in the composition of pectic polysaccharides and data indicate an increased presence of xylogalacturonan in response to Cd. Although a higher abundance and enzymatic activity of pectin methylesterase was detected, the total pectin methylation was not affected. CONCLUSIONS An increased abundance of xylogalacturonan might hinder Cd binding in the cell wall due to the methylation of its galacturonic acid backbone. Probably, the exclusion of Cd from the cell wall and apoplast limits the entry of the heavy metal into the symplast and is an important factor during tolerance acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Gutsch
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Els Keunen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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17
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Parrotta L, Faleri C, Guerriero G, Cai G. Cold stress affects cell wall deposition and growth pattern in tobacco pollen tubes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:329-342. [PMID: 31128704 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cold is an abiotic stress seriously threatening crop productivity by decreasing biomass production. The pollen tube is a target of cold stress, but also a useful model to address questions on cell wall biosynthesis. We here provide (immuno)cytological data relative to the impact of cold on the pollen tube cell wall. We clearly show that the growth pattern is severely affected by the stress, since the typical pulsed-growth mechanism accompanied by the periodic deposition of pectin rings is absent/severely reduced. Additionally, pectins and cellulose accumulate in bulges provoked by the stress, while callose, which colocalizes with pectins in the periodic rings formed during pulsed growth, accumulates randomly in the stressed samples. The altered distribution of the cell wall components is accompanied by differences in the localization of glucan synthases: cellulose synthase shows a more diffuse localization, while callose synthase shows a more frequent cytoplasmic accumulation, thereby denoting a failure in plasma membrane insertion. The cell wall observations are complemented by the analysis of intracellular Ca2+, pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS): while in the case of pH no major differences are observed, a less focused Ca2+ and ROS gradients are present in the stressed samples. The standard oscillatory growth of pollen tubes is recovered by transient changes of turgor pressure induced by hypoosmotic media. Overall our data contribute to the understanding of the impact that cold stress has on the normal development of the pollen tube and unveil the cell wall-related aberrant features accompanying the observed alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Parrotta
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, via P.A. Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, via P.A. Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy.
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18
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Mehennaoui K, Cambier S, Serchi T, Ziebel J, Lentzen E, Valle N, Guérold F, Thomann JS, Giamberini L, Gutleb AC. Do the pristine physico-chemical properties of silver and gold nanoparticles influence uptake and molecular effects on Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea Amphipoda)? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1200-1215. [PMID: 30189536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The specific and unique properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), make them of high interest for different scientific and industrial applications. Their increasing use will inevitably lead to their release in the environment and aquatic ecosystems where they may represent a threat to aquatic organisms. Being a widespread and important component of the aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblage, amphipods and more specifically Gammarus fossarum will certainly be exposed to AgNPs and AuNPs. For these reasons, G. fossarum was selected as model organism for this study. The aim of the present work was the evaluation of the influence of both size (20, 40 and 80 nm) and surface coating (citrate CIT, polyethylene glycol PEG) on the acute toxicity of AgNPs and AuNPs on G. fossarum. We investigated the effects of AgNPs and AuNPs on the uptake by G. fossarum, NP tissue distribution and the expression of stress related genes by the use of ICP-MS, NanoSIMS50, Cytoviva®, and Rt-qPCR, respectively. Ag and Au bioaccumulation revealed a significant surface-coating dependence, with CIT-AgNPs and CIT-AuNPs showing the higher bio-accumulation potential in G. fossarum as compared to PEG-NPs. Opposite to that, no size-dependent effects on the bioaccumulation potential was observed. SIMS imaging and CytoViva® revealed an influence of the type of metal on the tissue distribution after uptake, with AgNPs detected in the cuticle and the gills of G. fossarum, while AuNPs were detected in the gut area. Furthermore, AgNPs were found to up-regulate CuZnSOD gene expression while AuNPs led to its down-regulation. Modulation of SOD may indicate generation of reactive species of oxygen and a possible activation of antioxidant defence in order to prevent and defend the organism from oxidative stress. However, further investigations are still needed to better define the mechanisms underlying the observed AgNPs and AuNPs effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Mehennaoui
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg; Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Tommaso Serchi
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Johanna Ziebel
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Esther Lentzen
- Material Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Valle
- Material Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - François Guérold
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Thomann
- Material Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Laure Giamberini
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France.
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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19
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Cota-Ruiz K, Hernández-Viezcas JA, Varela-Ramírez A, Valdés C, Núñez-Gastélum JA, Martínez-Martínez A, Delgado-Rios M, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Toxicity of copper hydroxide nanoparticles, bulk copper hydroxide, and ionic copper to alfalfa plants: A spectroscopic and gene expression study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:703-712. [PMID: 30228067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bulk Cu compounds such as Cu(OH)2 are extensively used as pesticides in agriculture. Recent investigations suggest that Cu-based nanomaterials can replace bulk materials reducing the environmental impacts of Cu. In this study, stress responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings to Cu(OH)2 nanoparticle or compounds were evaluated. Seeds were immersed in suspension/solutions of a Cu(OH)2 nanoform, bulk Cu(OH)2, CuSO4, and Cu(NO3)2 at 25 and 75 mg/L. Six days later, the germination, seedling growth, and the physiological and biochemical responses of sprouts were evaluated. All Cu treatments significantly reduced root elongation (average = 63%). The ionic compounds at 25 and 75 mg/L caused a reduction in all elements analyzed (Ca, K, Mg, P, Zn, and Mn), excepting for S, Fe and Mo. The bulk-Cu(OH)2 treatment reduced K (48%) and P (52%) at 75 mg/L, but increased Zn at 25 (18%) and 75 (21%) mg/L. The nano-Cu(OH)2 reduced K (46%) and P (48%) at 75 mg/L, and also P (37%) at 25 mg/L, compared with control. Confocal microscopy images showed that all Cu compounds, at 75 mg/L, significantly reduced nitric oxide, concurring with the reduction in root growth. Nano Cu(OH)2 at 25 mg/L upregulated the expression of the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene (1.92-fold), while ionic treatments at 75 mg/L upregulated (∼10-fold) metallothionein (MT) transcripts. Results demonstrated that nano and bulk Cu(OH)2 compounds caused less physiological impairments in comparison to the ionic ones in alfalfa seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keni Cota-Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA; El Colegio de Chihuahua, Partido Díaz 4723 esquina con Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 32310, Mexico
| | - José A Hernández-Viezcas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA; UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramírez
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Carolina Valdés
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - José A Núñez-Gastélum
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 32310, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 32310, Mexico
| | - Marcos Delgado-Rios
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 32310, Mexico
| | - Jose R Peralta-Videa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA; Environmental Science and Engineering Ph.D. program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA; UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA; Environmental Science and Engineering Ph.D. program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA; UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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20
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Cheng Q, Bai S, Ge G, Li P, Liu L, Zhang C, Jia Y. Study on differentially expressed genes related to defoliation traits in two alfalfa varieties based on RNA-Seq. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:807. [PMID: 30404602 PMCID: PMC6223052 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a widely cultivated, essential commercial forage crop. The protein content in its leaves is the critical factor in determining the quality of alfalfa. Thus far, the understanding of the molecular mechanism of alfalfa defoliation traits remains unclear. The transcriptome database created by RNA-Seq is used to identify critical genes related to defoliation traits. Results In this study, we sequenced the transcriptomes of the Zhungeer variety (with easy leaf abscission) and WL319HQ variety (without easy leaf abscission). Among the identified 66,734 unigenes, 706 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upregulated, and 392 unigenes downregulated in the Zhungeer vs WL319HQ leaf. KEGG pathway annotations showed that 8,414 unigenes were annotated to 87 pathways and contained 281 DEGs. Six DEGs belonging to the “Carotenoid biosynthesis”, “Plant hormone signal transduction” and “Circadian rhythm-plant” pathways involved in defoliation traits were identified and validated by RT-qPCR analyses. Conclusions This study used RNA-Seq to discover genes associated with defoliation traits between two alfalfa varieties. Our transcriptome data dramatically enriches alfalfa functional genomic studies. In addition, these data provide theoretical guidance for field production practice and genetic breeding, as well as references for future study of defoliation traits in alfalfa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5180-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Cheng
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China
| | - Ping Li
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Liying Liu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Science, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Yushan Jia
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China.
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21
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Gutsch A, Keunen E, Guerriero G, Renaut J, Cuypers A, Hausman J, Sergeant K, Luo Z. Long-term cadmium exposure influences the abundance of proteins that impact the cell wall structure in Medicago sativa stems. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:1023-1035. [PMID: 29908008 PMCID: PMC6221066 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential, toxic heavy metal that poses serious threats to both ecosystems and human health. Plants employ various cellular and molecular mechanisms to minimise the impact of Cd toxicity and cell walls function as a defensive barrier during Cd exposure. In this study, we adopted a quantitative gel-based proteomic approach (two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis) to investigate changes in the abundance of cell wall and soluble proteins in stems of Medicago sativa L. upon long-term exposure to Cd (10 mg·Cd·kg-1 soil as CdSO4 ). Obtained protein data were complemented with targeted gene expression analyses. Plants were affected by Cd exposure at an early growth stage but seemed to recover at a more mature stage as no difference in biomass was observed. The accumulation of Cd was highest in roots followed by stems and leaves. Quantitative proteomics revealed a changed abundance for 179 cell wall proteins and 30 proteins in the soluble fraction upon long-term Cd exposure. These proteins are involved in cell wall remodelling, defence response, carbohydrate metabolism and promotion of the lignification process. The data indicate that Cd exposure alters the cell wall proteome and underline the role of cell wall proteins in defence against Cd stress. The identified proteins are linked to alterations in cell wall structure and lignification process in stems of M. sativa, underpinning the function of the cell wall as an effective barrier against Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gutsch
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Centre for Environmental SciencesHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - E. Keunen
- Centre for Environmental SciencesHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - G. Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - J. Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - A. Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental SciencesHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - J.‐F. Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - K. Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
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Identification of reference genes for RT-qPCR data normalization in Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea Amphipoda). Sci Rep 2018; 8:15225. [PMID: 30323236 PMCID: PMC6189083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling via RT-qPCR is a robust technique increasingly used in ecotoxicology. Determination and validation of optimal reference genes is a requirement for initiating RT-qPCR experiments. To our best knowledge, this study is the first attempt of identifying a set of reference genes for the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum. Six candidate genes (Actin, TUB, UB, SDH, Clathrin and GAPDH) were tested in order to determine the most stable ones in different stress conditions and to increase the robustness of RT-qPCR data. SDH and Clathrin appeared as the most stable ones. A validation was performed using G. fossarum samples exposed for 15 days to AgNO3, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 40 nm and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) 40 nm. Effects on HSP90 were evaluated and data normalized using Clathrin and SDH. A down-regulation of HSP90 was observed when G. fossarum were exposed to AuNPs 40 nm whereas no effects were observed when G. fossarum were exposed to AgNPs 40 nm. This study highlights the importance of the preliminary determination of suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR experiments. Additionally, this study allowed, for the first time, the determination of a set of valuable genes that can be used in other RT-qPCR studies using G. fossarum as model organism.
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23
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Napoleão TA, Soares G, Vital CE, Bastos C, Castro R, Loureiro ME, Giordano A. Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid are able to modify cell wall but only salicylic acid alters biomass digestibility in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 263:46-54. [PMID: 28818383 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to playing a key role in the response to environmental changes, cell walls are also considered as a valuable feedstock for cellulosic ethanol. Here we explored the effects of the stress-response hormones, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate, on cell wall biosynthesis and biomass digestibility in Brachypodium distachyon, a species recently considered as a suitable model for biomass conversion. We found that in response to salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate treatment, plant growth was reduced coupled with significant changes in cell wall composition. Cellulose content increased in response to methyl jasmonate whereas a reduction in lignin content was found after salicylic acid application. Moreover, hemicellulose composition was altered and increases in caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid content were detected in response to both treatments. The hormonal profile and the expression pattern of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis were also modified. Biomass digestibility was reduced in leaf tissue after salicylic acid treatment and was negatively correlated with ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid content. The results obtained here aid in our understanding of cell wall dynamics in response to stress and will enable the development of new strategies to improve cell wall digestibility in bioenergy feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Alves Napoleão
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Soares
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camilo Elber Vital
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carla Bastos
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson Castro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ehlers Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea Giordano
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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24
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Guerriero G, Behr M, Hausman JF, Legay S. Textile Hemp vs. Salinity: Insights from a Targeted Gene Expression Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E242. [PMID: 28954403 PMCID: PMC5664092 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a serious threat to agriculture, because it compromises biomass production and plant productivity, by negatively affecting the vegetative growth and development of plants. Fiber crops like textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) are important natural resources that provide, sustainably, both cellulosic and woody fibers for industry. In this work, the response to salinity (200 mM NaCl) of a fiber variety of hemp (Santhica 27) was studied using quantitative real-time PCR. The responses of plantlets aged 15 days were analyzed by microscopy and by measuring the changes in expression of cell wall-related genes, as well as in the general response to exogenous constraints. The results presented here show that a different response is present in the hemp hypocotyls and leaves. In the leaves, genes coding for heat shock proteins were significantly upregulated, together with a phytohormone-related transcript (ethylene-responsive factor 1 ERF1) and genes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis (cellulose synthase CesA4, fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins FLA10 and FLA8). Moreover, a tendency towards upregulation was also observed in the leaves for genes involved in lignification (4CL, CAD, PAL); a finding that suggests growth arrest. In the hypocotyl, the genes involved in lignification did not show changes in expression, while a gene related to expansion (expansin EXPA8), as well as transcripts coding for calcium-dependent lipid-binding family proteins (CALB), were upregulated. Microscopic analyses on the hypocotyl cross sections revealed changes in the vascular tissues of salt-exposed plantlets, where the lumen of xylem vessels was reduced. The gene expression results show that a different response is present in the hemp hypocotyls and leaves. The data presented contribute to our understanding of the regulatory gene network in response to salinity in different tissues of an important fiber crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Marc Behr
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
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25
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Nawaz MA, Rehman HM, Baloch FS, Ijaz B, Ali MA, Khan IA, Lee JD, Chung G, Yang SH. Genome and transcriptome-wide analyses of cellulose synthase gene superfamily in soybean. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 215:163-175. [PMID: 28704793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The plant cellulose synthase gene superfamily belongs to the category of type-2 glycosyltransferases, and is involved in cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthesis. These enzymes are vital for maintaining cell-wall structural integrity throughout plant life. Here, we identified 78 putative cellulose synthases (CS) in the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis against 40 reference Arabidopsis CS genes clustered soybean CSs into seven major groups (CESA, CSL A, B, C, D, E and G), located on 19 chromosomes (except chromosome 18). Soybean CS expansion occurred in 66 duplication events. Additionally, we identified 95 simple sequence repeat makers related to 44 CSs. We next performed digital expression analysis using publically available datasets to understand potential CS functions in soybean. We found that CSs were highly expressed during soybean seed development, a pattern confirmed with an Affymatrix soybean IVT array and validated with RNA-seq profiles. Within CS groups, CESAs had higher relative expression than CSLs. Soybean CS models were designed based on maximum average RPKM values. Gene co-expression networks were developed to explore which CSs could work together in soybean. Finally, RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of 15 selected CSs during all four seed developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Hafiz Mamoon Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Babar Ijaz
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Khan
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Dong Lee
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam, 59626, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam, 59626, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Landi S, Hausman JF, Guerriero G, Esposito S. Poaceae vs. Abiotic Stress: Focus on Drought and Salt Stress, Recent Insights and Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1214. [PMID: 28744298 PMCID: PMC5504180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Poaceae represent the most important group of crops susceptible to abiotic stress. This large family of monocotyledonous plants, commonly known as grasses, counts several important cultivated species, namely wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and barley (Hordeum vulgare). These crops, notably, show different behaviors under abiotic stress conditions: wheat and rice are considered sensitive, showing serious yield reduction upon water scarcity and soil salinity, while barley presents a natural drought and salt tolerance. During the green revolution (1940-1960), cereal breeding was very successful in developing high-yield crops varieties; however, these cultivars were maximized for highest yield under optimal conditions, and did not present suitable traits for tolerance under unfavorable conditions. The improvement of crop abiotic stress tolerance requires a deep knowledge of the phenomena underlying tolerance, to devise novel approaches and decipher the key components of agricultural production systems. Approaches to improve food production combining both enhanced water use efficiency (WUE) and acceptable yields are critical to create a sustainable agriculture in the future. This paper analyzes the latest results on abiotic stress tolerance in Poaceae. In particular, the focus will be directed toward various aspects of water deprivation and salinity response efficiency in Poaceae. Aspects related to cell wall metabolism will be covered, given the importance of the plant cell wall in sensing environmental constraints and in mediating a response; the role of silicon (Si), an important element for monocots' normal growth and development, will also be discussed, since it activates a broad-spectrum response to different exogenous stresses. Perspectives valorizing studies on landraces conclude the survey, as they help identify key traits for breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Landi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”Napoli, Italy
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”Napoli, Italy
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27
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Parveda M, Kiran B, Punita DL, Kavi Kishor PB. Overexpression of SbAP37 in rice alleviates concurrent imposition of combination stresses and modulates different sets of leaf protein profiles. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:773-786. [PMID: 28393269 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
SbAP37 transcription factor contributes to a combination of abiotic stresses when applied simultaneously in rice. It modulates a plethora of proteins that might regulate the downstream pathways to impart salt stress tolerance. APETALA type of transcription factor was isolated from Sorghum bicolor (SbAP37), overexpressed in rice using a salt inducible abscisic acid 2 (ABA2) promoter through Agrobacterium tumefaciens following in planta method. Transgenics were confirmed by PCR amplification of SbAP37, hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII) marker and ABA2 promoter and DNA blot analysis. Plants were exposed to 150 mM NaCl coupled with high day/night 36 ± 2/25 ± 2 °C temperatures and also drought stress by withholding water for 1-week separately at the booting stage. SbAP37 expression was 2.8- to 4.7-folds higher in transgenic leaf under salt, but 1.8- to 3.3-folds higher in roots under drought stress. Native gene expression analysis showed that it is expressed more in stem than in roots and leaves under 150 mM NaCl and 6% PEG stress. In the present study, proteomic analysis of transgenics exposed to 150 mM NaCl coupled with elevated temperatures was taken up using quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The leaf proteome revealed 11 down regulated, 26 upregulated, 101 common (shared), 193 newly synthesized proteins in transgenics besides 368 proteins in untransformed plants. Some of these protein sets appeared different and unique to combined stresses. Our results suggest that the SbAP37 has the potential to improve combined stress tolerance without causing undesirable phenotypic characters when used under the influence of ABA2 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Kiran
- Bayer BioScience Pvt. Ltd., Madhapur, Hyderabad, 500 081, India
| | - D L Punita
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.
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28
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Mangeot-Peter L, Legay S, Hausman JF, Esposito S, Guerriero G. Identification of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Data Normalization in Cannabis sativa Stem Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091556. [PMID: 27649158 PMCID: PMC5037828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling via quantitative real-time PCR is a robust technique widely used in the life sciences to compare gene expression patterns in, e.g., different tissues, growth conditions, or after specific treatments. In the field of plant science, real-time PCR is the gold standard to study the dynamics of gene expression and is used to validate the results generated with high throughput techniques, e.g., RNA-Seq. An accurate relative quantification of gene expression relies on the identification of appropriate reference genes, that need to be determined for each experimental set-up used and plant tissue studied. Here, we identify suitable reference genes for expression profiling in stems of textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), whose tissues (isolated bast fibres and core) are characterized by remarkable differences in cell wall composition. We additionally validate the reference genes by analysing the expression of putative candidates involved in the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway and in the first step of the shikimate pathway. The goal is to describe the possible regulation pattern of some genes involved in the provision of the precursors needed for lignin biosynthesis in the different hemp stem tissues. The results here shown are useful to design future studies focused on gene expression analyses in hemp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauralie Mangeot-Peter
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Printz B, Guerriero G, Sergeant K, Audinot JN, Guignard C, Renaut J, Lutts S, Hausman JF. Combining -Omics to Unravel the Impact of Copper Nutrition on Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Stem Metabolism. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:407-22. [PMID: 26865661 PMCID: PMC4771972 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Copper can be found in the environment at concentrations ranging from a shortage up to the threshold of toxicity for plants, with optimal growth conditions situated in between. The plant stem plays a central role in transferring and distributing minerals, water and other solutes throughout the plant. In this study, alfalfa is exposed to different levels of copper availability, from deficiency to slight excess, and the impact on the metabolism of the stem is assessed by a non-targeted proteomics study and by the expression analysis of key genes controlling plant stem development. Under copper deficiency, the plant stem accumulates specific copper chaperones, the expression of genes involved in stem development is decreased and the concentrations of zinc and molybdenum are increased in comparison with the optimum copper level. At the optimal copper level, the expression of cell wall-related genes increases and proteins playing a role in cell wall deposition and in methionine metabolism accumulate, whereas copper excess imposes a reduction in the concentration of iron in the stem and a reduced abundance of ferritins. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis suggests a role for the apoplasm as a copper storage site in the case of copper toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Printz
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute Agronomy (ELI-A), Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Nicolas Audinot
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Cédric Guignard
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute Agronomy (ELI-A), Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
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Wang T, McFarlane HE, Persson S. The impact of abiotic factors on cellulose synthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:543-52. [PMID: 26552883 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants require mechanisms to sense and respond to changes in their environment, including both biotic and abiotic factors. One of the most common plant adaptations to environmental changes is differential regulation of growth, which results in growth either away from adverse conditions or towards more favorable conditions. As cell walls shape plant growth, this differential growth response must be accompanied by alterations to the plant cell wall. Here, we review the impact of four abiotic factors (osmotic conditions, ionic stress, light, and temperature) on the synthesis of cellulose, an important component of the plant cell wall. Understanding how different abiotic factors influence cellulose production and addressing key questions that remain in this field can provide crucial information to cope with the need for increased crop production under the mounting pressures of a growing world population and global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Staffan Persson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, 3010, Melbourne, Australia
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Muthamilarasan M, Khan Y, Jaishankar J, Shweta S, Lata C, Prasad M. Integrative analysis and expression profiling of secondary cell wall genes in C4 biofuel model Setaria italica reveals targets for lignocellulose bioengineering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:965. [PMID: 26583030 PMCID: PMC4631826 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Several underutilized grasses have excellent potential for use as bioenergy feedstock due to their lignocellulosic biomass. Genomic tools have enabled identification of lignocellulose biosynthesis genes in several sequenced plants. However, the non-availability of whole genome sequence of bioenergy grasses hinders the study on bioenergy genomics and their genomics-assisted crop improvement. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.; Si) is a model crop for studying systems biology of bioenergy grasses. In the present study, a systematic approach has been used for identification of gene families involved in cellulose (CesA/Csl), callose (Gsl) and monolignol biosynthesis (PAL, C4H, 4CL, HCT, C3H, CCoAOMT, F5H, COMT, CCR, CAD) and construction of physical map of foxtail millet. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of identified proteins showed that monolignol biosynthesis proteins were highly diverse, whereas CesA/Csl and Gsl proteins were homologous to rice and Arabidopsis. Comparative mapping of foxtail millet lignocellulose biosynthesis genes with other C4 panicoid genomes revealed maximum homology with switchgrass, followed by sorghum and maize. Expression profiling of candidate lignocellulose genes in response to different abiotic stresses and hormone treatments showed their differential expression pattern, with significant higher expression of SiGsl12, SiPAL2, SiHCT1, SiF5H2, and SiCAD6 genes. Further, due to the evolutionary conservation of grass genomes, the insights gained from the present study could be extrapolated for identifying genes involved in lignocellulose biosynthesis in other biofuel species for further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuf Khan
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | | | - Shweta Shweta
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Charu Lata
- Division of Plant-Microbe Interactions, CSIR-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew Delhi, India
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Printz B, Guerriero G, Sergeant K, Renaut J, Lutts S, Hausman JF. Ups and downs in alfalfa: Proteomic and metabolic changes occurring in the growing stem. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 238:13-25. [PMID: 26259170 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The expanding interest for using lignocellulosic biomass in industry spurred the study of the mechanisms underlying plant cell-wall synthesis. Efforts using genetic approaches allowed the disentanglement of major steps governing stem fibre synthesis. Nonetheless, little is known about the relations between the stem maturation and the evolution of its proteome. During Medicago sativa L. maturation, the different internodes grow asynchronously allowing the discrimination of various developmental stages on a same stem. In this study, the proteome of three selected regions of the stem of alfalfa (apical, intermediate and basal) was analyzed and combined with a compositional analysis of the different stem parts. Interestingly, the apical and the median regions share many similarities: high abundance of chloroplast- and mitochondrial-related proteins together with the accumulation of proteins acting in the early steps of fibre production. In the mature basal region, forisomes and stress-related proteins accumulate. The RT-qPCR assessment of the expression of genes coding for members of the cellulose synthase family likewise indicates that fibres and the machinery responsible for the deposition of secondary cell walls are predominantly formed in the apical section. Altogether, this study reflects the metabolic change from the fibre production in the upper stem regions to the acquisition of defence-related functions in the fibrous basal part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Printz
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg; Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
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Behr M, Legay S, Hausman JF, Guerriero G. Analysis of Cell Wall-Related Genes in Organs of Medicago sativa L. under Different Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:16104-24. [PMID: 26193255 PMCID: PMC4519941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160716104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic constraints are a source of concern in agriculture, because they can have a strong impact on plant growth and development, thereby affecting crop yield. The response of plants to abiotic constraints varies depending on the type of stress, on the species and on the organs. Although many studies have addressed different aspects of the plant response to abiotic stresses, only a handful has focused on the role of the cell wall. A targeted approach has been used here to study the expression of cell wall-related genes in different organs of alfalfa plants subjected for four days to three different abiotic stress treatments, namely salt, cold and heat stress. Genes involved in different steps of cell wall formation (cellulose biosynthesis, monolignol biosynthesis and polymerization) have been analyzed in different organs of Medicago sativa L. Prior to this analysis, an in silico classification of dirigent/dirigent-like proteins and class III peroxidases has been performed in Medicago truncatula and M. sativa. The final goal of this study is to infer and compare the expression patterns of cell wall-related genes in response to different abiotic stressors in the organs of an important legume crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Behr
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Castonguay Y, Michaud J, Dubé MP. Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis of Environmentally and Developmentally Regulated Gene Expression in Alfalfa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.61015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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