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González-Saiz F, Trujols J, Vergara-Moragues E. Cocaine Effect Expectancies among Patients with Cocaine Use Disorder with and without Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Are There Any Relevant Differences? J Psychoactive Drugs 2024; 56:76-87. [PMID: 36480506 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2022.2151951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use could be modulated by drug expectancies based on previously experienced subjective effects. Some patients perceive a paradoxical calming effect after cocaine use. This study was performed to explore cocaine effect expectancies in patients diagnosed with cocaine use disorder, with and without co-occurring adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Secondly, we sought to empirically determine the presence of this paradoxical calming effect after cocaine use in patients with co-occurring adult ADHD to identify the individuals most at risk of cocaine use and relapse. Cross-sectional study using a consecutive sampling method of patients diagnosed with cocaine use disorder (n = 221) treated at public therapeutic communities in Andalusia (Spain). Participants completed a battery of instruments to assess the following variables: cocaine effect expectancies, paradoxical calming effect, adult ADHD, and other co-occurring psychiatric disorders. A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that two variables, the paradoxical calming effect and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), were independently associated with the probability of being diagnosed with adult ADHD (OR = 3.43, 95% CI = 1.88-6.26 and OR = 3.42, 95% CI = 1.30-8.95, respectively). The presence of a paradoxical calming reaction to cocaine and/or a diagnosis of ASPD in patients with cocaine use disorder increases the diagnostic suspicion of co-occurring adult ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco González-Saiz
- Community Mental Health Unit of Villamartin, Hospital Universitario de Jerez, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Area of Psychiatry, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Network of Biomedical Research Centres for Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Trujols
- CIBERSAM (Network of Biomedical Research Centres for Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
- Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esperanza Vergara-Moragues
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioural Science. Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Gerace E, Baldi S, Salimova M, Di Gloria L, Curini L, Cimino V, Nannini G, Russo E, Pallecchi M, Ramazzotti M, Bartolucci G, Occupati B, Lanzi C, Scarpino M, Lanzo G, Grippo A, Lolli F, Mannaioni G, Amedei A. Oral and fecal microbiota perturbance in cocaine users: Can rTMS-induced cocaine abstinence support eubiosis restoration? iScience 2023; 26:106627. [PMID: 37250301 PMCID: PMC10214473 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of cocaine on microbiota have been scarcely explored. Here, we investigated the gut (GM) and oral (OM) microbiota composition of cocaine use disorder (CUD) patients and the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). 16S rRNA sequencing was used to characterize GM and OM, whereas PICRUST2 assessed functional changes in microbial communities, and gas-chromatography was used to evaluate fecal short and medium chain fatty acids. CUD patients reported a significant decrease in alpha diversity and modification of the abundances of several taxa in both GM and OM. Furthermore, many predicted metabolic pathways were differentially expressed in CUD patients' stool and saliva samples, as well as reduced levels of butyric acid that appear restored to normal amounts after rTMS treatment. In conclusion, CUD patients showed a profound dysbiotic fecal and oral microbiota composition and function and rTMS-induced cocaine abstinence determined the restoration of eubiotic microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gerace
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Unit, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Maya Salimova
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Centre, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Leandro Di Gloria
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Lavinia Curini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Virginia Cimino
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Brunella Occupati
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Centre, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Lanzi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Centre, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Maenia Scarpino
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Neurophysiology Unit, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanzo
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Neurophysiology Unit, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Antonello Grippo
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Neurophysiology Unit, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Lolli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Mannaioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Centre, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
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3
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Coliță D, Coliță CI, Hermann DM, Coliță E, Doeppner TR, Udristoiu I, Popa-Wagner A. Therapeutic Use and Chronic Abuse of CNS Stimulants and Anabolic Drugs. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4902-4920. [PMID: 36286048 PMCID: PMC9600088 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The available evidence suggests that affective disorders, such as depression and anxiety, increase risk for accelerated cognitive decline and late-life dementia in aging individuals. Behavioral neuropsychology studies also showed that cognitive decline is a central feature of aging impacting the quality of life. Motor deficits are common after traumatic brain injuries and stroke, affect subjective well-being, and are linked with reduced quality of life. Currently, restorative therapies that target the brain directly to restore cognitive and motor tasks in aging and disease are available. However, the very same drugs used for therapeutic purposes are employed by athletes as stimulants either to increase performance for fame and financial rewards or as recreational drugs. Unfortunately, most of these drugs have severe side effects and pose a serious threat to the health of athletes. The use of performance-enhancing drugs by children and teenagers has increased tremendously due to the decrease in the age of players in competitive sports and the availability of various stimulants in many forms and shapes. Thus, doping may cause serious health-threatening conditions including, infertility, subdural hematomas, liver and kidney dysfunction, peripheral edema, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia, thrombosis, and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we focus on the impact of doping on psychopathological disorders, cognition, and depression. Occasionally, we also refer to chronic use of therapeutic drugs to increase physical performance and highlight the underlying mechanisms. We conclude that raising awareness on the health risks of doping in sport for all shall promote an increased awareness for healthy lifestyles across all generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Coliță
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020276 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cezar-Ivan Coliță
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020276 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.-I.C.); (I.U.); (A.P.-W.)
| | - Dirk M. Hermann
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Eugen Coliță
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020276 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Thorsten R. Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ion Udristoiu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.-I.C.); (I.U.); (A.P.-W.)
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.-I.C.); (I.U.); (A.P.-W.)
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Carbone MG, Campo G, Papaleo E, Marazziti D, Maremmani I. The Importance of a Multi-Disciplinary Approach to the Endometriotic Patients: The Relationship between Endometriosis and Psychic Vulnerability. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081616. [PMID: 33920306 PMCID: PMC8069439 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition, which is distinguished by the presence of the endometrial-like glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Pain and infertility are the most commonly expressed symptoms, occurring in 60% and 40% of cases, respectively. Women with endometriosis, especially those with pelvic pain, also have a greater vulnerability to several psychiatric disorders. There is, in particular, a tendency to contract affective or anxiety disorders as well as panic-agoraphobic and substance use disorders. Endometriosis with pelvic pain, infertility and psychic vulnerability usually leads to disability and a markedly lower quality of life for women of reproductive age. Thus, the burden of endometriosis is not limited to the symptoms and dysfunctions of the disease; it extends to the social, working and emotional spheres, leading to a severe impairment of global functioning. An analysis of scientific literature revealed a close relationship between specific temperamental traits, the expression of several psychiatric symptoms, chronicity of pain, risk of substance use and lower probability of a positive outcome. Endometriosis symptoms and the impact of related psychological consequences, increased vulnerability and the possible onset of psychiatric symptoms may influence coping strategies and weaken resilience, so triggering a vicious cycle leading to a marked deterioration in the quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach consisting of a medical team composed of gynecologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, experts in Dual Disorder, algologists and sexologists, would guarantee the setting of a target and taking the best decision on a personalized treatment plan. That approach would allow the prompt detection of any psychopathological symptoms and improve the endometriosis-related physical symptoms, bringing a healthier quality of life and a greater likelihood of a positive outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Glauco Carbone
- PISA-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Campo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Enrico Papaleo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (E.P.)
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- 1st Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences-UniCamillus, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Icro Maremmani
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences-UniCamillus, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Association for the Application of Neuroscientific Knowledge to Social Aims (AU-CNS), 55045 Pietrasanta, Lucca, Italy
- Vincent P. Dole Dual Disorder Unit, 2nd Psychiatric Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioral Sciences, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-993045
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Cohen K, Rosenzweig S, Rosca P, Pinhasov A, Weizman A, Weinstein A. Personality Traits and Psychotic Proneness Among Chronic Synthetic Cannabinoid Users. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:355. [PMID: 32477173 PMCID: PMC7242629 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) has been associated with a wide range of negative consequences for health including psychotic and affective disturbances. Accumulating evidence indicates that cannabinoids use may be a risk factor for schizophrenia, and chronic natural cannabis users score higher than non-users on measures of schizotypal personality traits. However, little is known regarding the personality characteristics of SC users, especially in comparison with recreational cannabis users and healthy individuals. This study aimed to examine the differences in personality characteristics and schizotypy between SC users, regular cannabis users, and non-users and to compare these measures between groups. METHODS Forty-two chronic SC users, 39 natural cannabis users, and 47 non-using control participants, without history of mental disorder, or current substance use diagnosis (mean age 26± 4.47 years; 23 females, 105 males), completed the Big-Five Factor Inventory (BFI), the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B), substance use history, rating scales of depression and anxiety, and a demographic questionnaire. RESULTS On the BFI, SC users scored higher than natural cannabis users and non-users on neuroticism, but lower on agreeableness and extraversion, and endorsed greater schizotypal symptoms on the SPQ-B. In addition, SC users had lower scores on conscientiousness than non-users, and natural cannabis users were more extroverted than non-users. Higher openness and lower conscientiousness predicted schizotypy for both SC and natural cannabis users. Finally, greater neuroticism predicted schizotypy for natural cannabis users, and introversion predicted schizotypy for non-users. CONCLUSIONS These results show that chronic SC users differ from natural cannabis users and non-users on dimensions of specific personality traits and schizotypy that may indicate psychotic proneness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koby Cohen
- Department of Behavioral Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Shiri Rosenzweig
- Department of Behavioral Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Paola Rosca
- Ministry of Health (Israel), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Albert Pinhasov
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Aviv Weinstein
- Department of Behavioral Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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6
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Substance-induced psychotic symptoms in Borderline Personality Disorder among substance use disorder samples in Spain. Psychiatry Res 2018; 260:313-317. [PMID: 29227894 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Substance-induced psychosis (SIP) is frequent in substance use disorder patients. However, little is known about the presence of SIP in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and what the risk factors for the development of SIP in this population would be. A sample of 91 BPD drug-dependent patients attending an outpatient substance use disorder unit was evaluated. Comorbidity with Axis I and II was assessed using SCID-I and SCID-II. Psychoactive drug related variables were registered as well as the presence of the ninth criterion of DSM-IV-TR as a code of psychotic symptoms. A total of 50.5% of the sample were women. The most prevalent drug consumed was cocaine (67%) followed by cannabis (47.3%) and then alcohol (39.6%). A total of 62.8% people with BPD registered substance-induced psychosis symptoms in their lifetime. Notably, this study found these symptoms were not associated with the presence of psychotic symptoms registered in ninth criterion. Cocaine and cannabis consumption are associated with the presence of SIP in SUD-BPD patients. No other clinical variables were related in this sample. Further research studies are needed to find other risk factors for SIP in this patient group.
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7
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Roncero C, de Miguel A, Fumero A, Abad AC, Martín R, Bethencourt JM, Grau-López L, Rodríguez-Cintas L, Daigre C. Anxiety and Depression in Drug-Dependent Patients with Cluster C Personality Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:19. [PMID: 29472875 PMCID: PMC5810269 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comorbidity between personality disorders (PD) and substance-use disorders (SUD) is one of the most common findings in the psychiatric field. The patients with Cluster C disorders present maladjustment traits often characterized by high levels of anxiety. The main aim of this study was to find evidences about higher anxiety and depression prevalence on Cluster C than others Clusters, analyzing similarities and differences within, with other Cluster A and B PD patients and patients without PD. METHOD A total of 822 substance dependent patients (ages18-78; Mean = 38.35, SD = 10.14) completed the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II disorders, Beck Depression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS Results supported poly-consumption in Cluster C patients, being greater alcohol consumption as well as abuse of both stimulants and depressants. Anxiety and depression did not show just one pattern for all patients with SUD-Cluster C PD. There was a relation between anxiety and depression for all the groups except for the Dependent-PD. CONCLUSION Interventions should focus on aspects like depression and anxiety more than on the substance consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roncero
- Psychiatric Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adelia de Miguel
- Sciences of Health School, Universidad of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ascensión Fumero
- Sciences of Health School, Universidad of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alfonso C Abad
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatry Services, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita Martín
- Sciences of Health School, Universidad of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Lara Grau-López
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatry Services, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Rodríguez-Cintas
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constanza Daigre
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatry Services, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
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Comín M, Redondo S, Daigre C, Grau-López L, Casas M, Roncero C. Clinical differences between cocaine-dependent patients with and without antisocial personality disorder. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:587-592. [PMID: 27839828 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the features of two groups of cocaine dependent patients in treatment, one of them with co-morbid diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder and the other not. Cross-sectional design, with 143 cocaine-dependent patients attending a drug unit, distributed in two groups: patients with and without Antisocial Personality Disorder. As results, we found that the 15.38% of the sample were diagnosed with an Antisocial Personality Disorder. In relation to socio-demographic variables, Antisocial Personality Disorder patients have less probability of being working or studying (9.1% vs. 47.9%). After multivariate analysis it was found that significantly Antisocial Personality Disorder patients have more opiates dependence (OR: 0.219; 95% IC 0.072-0.660), sedative dependence (OR: 0.203; 95% IC 0.062-0.644) and in more cases show Borderline Personality Disorder (OR: 0.239; 95% IC 0.077-0.746). This study highlights significant differences between cocaine addicts with or without an Antisocial Personality Disorder. All these differences are good indicators of the complexity of the patients with this personality disorder. Better knowledge of their profile will help us to improve the design of specific treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Comín
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, Vall Hebron Hospital-ASPB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Santiago Redondo
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constanza Daigre
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, Vall Hebron Hospital-ASPB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Lara Grau-López
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, Vall Hebron Hospital-ASPB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Casas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Roncero
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, Vall Hebron Hospital-ASPB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Roncero C, Grau-López L, Palma-Álvarez RF, Rodriguez-Cintas L, Ros-Cucurull E, Esojo A, Daigre C. Higher severity of cocaine addiction is associated with tactile and somatic hallucinations. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 42:63-69. [PMID: 28212507 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to describe the features of cocaine-dependent patients who have had cocaine-induced tactile/somatic hallucinations (CITSH), and to analyze the association with addiction-related variables and psychiatric comorbidity, comparing patients with CITSH, patients with cocaine psychotic symptoms (CIP) and no CITSH, and patients without any psychotic symptom. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted in 767 cocaine-dependent patients in an outpatient treatment center for addictions. The following data were obtained: sociodemographic characteristics, CIP information, addiction-related variables and psychiatric comorbidity. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS Of the whole sample, 6.6% reported CITSH at some point of their lives, 48.4% had suffered some CIP other than CITSH, and 45% had not experienced any psychotic symptom. According to multivariate analysis, risk of overdose increases by 12.1 (OR) times the probability of having had CITSH compared patients with CIP-no-CITSH. Other variables associated to patients with CITSH were: age of drug use onset, presence of episodes of overdose, prevalence of psychotic disorder induced by cocaine. In general, in all variables studied, patients with CITSH presented worse clinical features (addiction variables and psychiatric comorbidity) than patients with CIP without CITSH and non-CIP group. CONCLUSION CITSH are usually associated with other psychotic symptoms induced by cocaine. The patients who experienced CITSH are more severe cases compared both with patients with CIP without CITSH and patients without CIP. Increased risk of overdose is an important issue in this type of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roncero
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron - ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autónoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - L Grau-López
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron - ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autónoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R F Palma-Álvarez
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron - ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Rodriguez-Cintas
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron - ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autónoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Ros-Cucurull
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron - ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autónoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Esojo
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron - ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Daigre
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron - ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Roncero C, Barral C, Rodríguez-Cintas L, Pérez-Pazos J, Martinez-Luna N, Casas M, Torrens M, Grau-López L. Psychiatric comorbidities in opioid-dependent patients undergoing a replacement therapy programme in Spain: The PROTEUS study. Psychiatry Res 2016; 243:174-81. [PMID: 27416536 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Opioid-dependent patients show a high rate of psychiatric comorbidities. The prevalence and characteristics of patients with dual diagnosis have not been well established in Spanish opioid agonist treatment (OAT) programmes. Thus, 621 opioid-dependent patients enrolled in OAT programmes were assessed, using the EuropASI questionnaire, for psychiatric comorbidities, which were detected in 67% of patients (anxiety 53%, mood disorders 48%, sleep disorders 41%, substance-related disorders 36%). In addition, compared with patients without a dual diagnosis, patients with dual pathology were significantly older, used benzodiazepines and cannabis in significantly greater percentages, and showed significantly more frequent infectious and non-infectious comorbidities, worse overall working status, a lower proportion of drivers and higher levels of severity regarding medical, employment, alcohol, legal, family and psychological issues. Therefore, the data showed a very high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in opioid-dependent patients receiving OAT in Spain and several problems frequently associated with patients with dual diagnosis. Physicians treating opioid-dependent patients should be aware of these facts to correctly identify and manage patients with a dual diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roncero
- Addition and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Barral
- Addition and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Rodríguez-Cintas
- Addition and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez-Pazos
- Addition and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Martinez-Luna
- Addition and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Casas
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Torrens
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addiction, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Grau-López
- Addition and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Khazaal Y, Chatton A, Rothen S, Achab S, Thorens G, Zullino D, Gmel G. Psychometric properties of the 7-item game addiction scale among french and German speaking adults. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:132. [PMID: 27160387 PMCID: PMC4862221 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 7-item Game Addiction Scale (GAS) is a used to screen for addictive game use. Both cross cross-linguistic validation and validation in French and German is needed in adult samples. The objective of the study is to assess the factorial structure of the French and German versions of the GAS among adults. METHODS Two samples of men from French (N = 3318) and German (N = 2665) language areas of Switzerland were assessed with the GAS, the Major Depression Inventory (MDI), the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ-50-cc). They were also assessed for cannabis and alcohol use. RESULTS The internal consistency of the scale was satisfactory (Cronbach α = 0.85). A one-factor solution was found in both samples. Small and positive associations were found between GAS scores and the MDI, as well as the Neuroticism-Anxiety and Aggression-Hostility subscales of the ZKPQ-50-cc. A small negative association was found with the ZKPQ-50-cc Sociability subscale. CONCLUSION The GAS, in its French and German versions, is appropriate for the assessment of game addiction among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Khazaal
- Department of Mental health and psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Department of psychiatry, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Anne Chatton
- Department of Mental health and psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Rothen
- Department of Mental health and psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Achab
- Department of Mental health and psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Thorens
- Department of Mental health and psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Zullino
- Department of Mental health and psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland ,Department of psychiatry, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Fernàndez-Castillo N, Cabana-Domínguez J, Soriano J, Sànchez-Mora C, Roncero C, Grau-López L, Ros-Cucurull E, Daigre C, van Donkelaar MMJ, Franke B, Casas M, Ribasés M, Cormand B. Transcriptomic and genetic studies identify NFAT5 as a candidate gene for cocaine dependence. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e667. [PMID: 26506053 PMCID: PMC4930134 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine reward and reinforcing effects are mediated mainly by dopaminergic neurotransmission. In this study, we aimed at evaluating gene expression changes induced by acute cocaine exposure on SH-SY5Y-differentiated cells, which have been widely used as a dopaminergic neuronal model. Expression changes and a concomitant increase in neuronal activity were observed after a 5 μM cocaine exposure, whereas no changes in gene expression or in neuronal activity took place at 1 μM cocaine. Changes in gene expression were identified in a total of 756 genes, mainly related to regulation of transcription and gene expression, cell cycle, adhesion and cell projection, as well as mitogen-activeated protein kinase (MAPK), CREB, neurotrophin and neuregulin signaling pathways. Some genes displaying altered expression were subsequently targeted with predicted functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a case-control association study in a sample of 806 cocaine-dependent patients and 817 controls. This study highlighted associations between cocaine dependence and five SNPs predicted to alter microRNA binding at the 3'-untranslated region of the NFAT5 gene. The association of SNP rs1437134 with cocaine dependence survived the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. A functional effect was confirmed for this variant by a luciferase reporter assay, with lower expression observed for the rs1437134G allele, which was more pronounced in the presence of hsa-miR-509. However, brain volumes in regions of relevance to addiction, as assessed with magnetic resonance imaging, did not correlate with NFAT5 variation. These results suggest that the NFAT5 gene, which is upregulated a few hours after cocaine exposure, may be involved in the genetic predisposition to cocaine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Cabana-Domínguez
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Soriano
- Departament d'Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Sànchez-Mora
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Roncero
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Agència de Salut Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Grau-López
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Agència de Salut Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Ros-Cucurull
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Agència de Salut Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Daigre
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Agència de Salut Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M M J van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Raboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Raboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Casas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Agència de Salut Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ribasés
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Psychopathology in Substance Use Disorder Patients with and without Substance-Induced Psychosis. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2015; 2015:843762. [PMID: 26417473 PMCID: PMC4568375 DOI: 10.1155/2015/843762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background. Substance-induced psychotic disorder (SIPD) is a diagnosis constructed to distinguish substance-induced psychotic states from primary psychotic disorders. A number of studies have compared SIPD persons with primary psychotic patients, but there is little data on what differentiates substance use disorder (SUD) individuals with and without SIPD. Here, we compared psychopathology, sociodemographic variables, and substance use characteristics between SUD patients with and without SIPD. Methods. A retrospective chart review was conducted on newly admitted patients at a rehabilitation centre between 2007 and 2012. Results. Of the 379 patients included in the study, 5% were diagnosed with SIPD (n = 19) and 95% were diagnosed with SUDs without SIPD (n = 360). More SIPD patients reported using cannabis and psychostimulants, and fewer SIPD patients reported using alcohol than SUDs patients without SIPD. SIPD patients scored higher on the “schizophrenia nuclear symptoms” dimension of the SCL-90R psychoticism scale and exhibited more ClusterB personality traits than SUD patients without SIPD. Discussion. These data are consistent with previous studies suggesting that psychopathology, substance type, and sociodemographic variables play important role in the development of SIPD. More importantly, the results highlight the need for paying greater attention to the types of self-reported psychotic symptoms during the assessment of psychotomimetic effects associated with psychoactive substances.
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