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Huang W, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Shi Y, Wang Z, Mai Y, Shu L. Soil physical structure drives N-glycan mediated trophic interactions in soil amoebae: Mechanisms and environmental implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167509. [PMID: 37788775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil protozoa are an essential part of the terrestrial ecosystem, playing a vital role in the global element cycling and energy flow. However, one research gap is what are the key factors driving their diversity and environmental fates. In this study, we hypothesized that soil texture could affect soil protozoa's predation and their interactions with environmental pollutants, and we tested it by using a soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum as a model system. We found that soil texture affected amoeba's growth and development. In addition, environmental factors cannot explain the variation of amoeba's fitness in different soil textures. Soil sandy particles and water content rather than particle size contribute to amoeba's fitness. Furthermore, different soil textures induced distinct transcriptional responses to amoebae, especially N-glycan-related and multiple signaling pathways and the expression of key genes (e.g., Ras superfamily, cxgE, trap1). The expression of N-glycan-related pathways, which is positively correlated with amoeba predation, was inhibited in sand soil, decreasing amoeba's fitness. Finally, the results showed that soil texture also affects amoeba's interaction with environmental pollutants. In conclusion, this study shows that soil physical structures affect amoeba's interactions with bacteria and environmental pollutants. SYNOPSIS: Soil texture affects soil protozoa's growth and development and their interactions with environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanchen Zhao
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yikun Shi
- Department of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Zihe Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingwen Mai
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Longfei Shu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Toopaang W, Panyawicha K, Srisuksam C, Hsu WC, Lin CC, Tanticharoen M, Yang YL, Amnuaykanjanasin A. Metabolomic Analysis Demonstrates the Impacts of Polyketide Synthases PKS14 and PKS15 on the Production of Beauvericins, Bassianolide, Enniatin A, and Ferricrocin in Entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030425. [PMID: 36984865 PMCID: PMC10057652 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana is a globally distributed entomopathogenic fungus that produces various secondary metabolites to support its pathogenesis in insects. Two polyketide synthase genes, pks14 and pks15, are highly conserved in entomopathogenic fungi and are important for insect virulence. However, understanding of their mechanisms in insect pathogenicity is still limited. Here, we overexpressed these two genes in B. bassiana and compared the metabolite profiles of pks14 and pks15 overexpression strains to those of their respective knockout strains in culture and in vivo using tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS). The pks14 and pks15 clusters exhibited crosstalk with biosynthetic clusters encoding insect-virulent metabolites, including beauvericins, bassianolide, enniatin A, and the intracellular siderophore ferricrocin under certain conditions. These secondary metabolites were upregulated in the pks14-overexpressing strain in culture and the pks15-overexpressing strain in vivo. These data suggest that pks14 and pks15, their proteins or their cluster components might be directly or indirectly associated with key pathways in insect pathogenesis of B. bassiana, particularly those related to secondary metabolism. Information about interactions between the polyketide clusters and other biosynthetic clusters improves scientific understanding about crosstalk among biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachiraporn Toopaang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kullyanee Panyawicha
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chettida Srisuksam
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wei-Chen Hsu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 711010, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 711010, Taiwan
| | - Morakot Tanticharoen
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 711010, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.Y.); (A.A.)
| | - Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.Y.); (A.A.)
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3
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Yellow polyketide pigment suppresses premature hatching in social amoeba. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116122119. [PMID: 36252029 PMCID: PMC9618038 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116122119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight natural products from microbes are indispensable in the development of potent drugs. However, their biological roles within an ecological context often remain elusive. Here, we shed light on natural products from eukaryotic microorganisms that have the ability to transition from single cells to multicellular organisms: the social amoebae. These eukaryotes harbor a large number of polyketide biosynthetic genes in their genomes, yet virtually none of the corresponding products can be isolated or characterized. Using complementary molecular biology approaches, including CRISPR-Cas9, we generated polyketide synthase (pks5) inactivation and overproduction strains of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Differential, untargeted metabolomics of wild-type versus mutant fruiting bodies allowed us to pinpoint candidate metabolites derived from the amoebal PKS5. Extrachromosomal expression of the respective gene led to the identification of a yellow polyunsaturated fatty acid. Analysis of the temporospatial production pattern of this compound in conjunction with detailed bioactivity studies revealed the polyketide to be a spore germination suppressor.
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4
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Yamasaki DT, Araki T, Narita TB. The polyketide synthase StlA is involved in inducing aggregation in Polysphondylium violaceum. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1590-1598. [PMID: 35998316 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, the polyketide MPBD (4-methyl-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol) regulates the gene expressions of cAMP signaling to make cells aggregation-competent and also induces spore maturation. The polyketide synthase StlA is responsible for MPBD biosynthesis in D. discoideum and appears to be conserved throughout the major groups of the social amoeba (Dictyostelia). In this study, we analyzed the function of StlA in Polysphondylium violaceum by identifying the gene sequence and creating the knockout mutants. We found that Pv-stlA- mutants had defects only in cell aggregation but not in spore maturation, indicating that the function of StlA in inducing spore maturation is species-specific. We also found that MPBD could rescue the aggregation defect in Pv-stlA- mutants whereas the mutants normally exhibited chemotaxis to their chemoattractant, glorin. Our data suggest that StlA is involved in inducing aggregation in P. violaceum by acting on signaling pathways other than chemotaxis in P. violaceum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki T Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki B Narita
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
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5
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Kawabe Y, Du Q, Schilde C, Schaap P. Evolution of multicellularity in Dictyostelia. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 63:359-369. [PMID: 31840775 PMCID: PMC6978153 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.190108ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The well-orchestrated multicellular life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum has fascinated biologists for over a century. Self-organisation of its amoebas into aggregates, migrating slugs and fruiting structures by pulsatile cAMP signalling and their ability to follow separate differentiation pathways in well-regulated proportions continue to be topics under investigation. A striking aspect of D. discoideum development is the recurrent use of cAMP as chemoattractant, differentiation inducing signal and second messenger for other signals that control the developmental programme. D. discoideum is one of >150 species of Dictyostelia and aggregative life styles similar to those of Dictyostelia evolved many times in eukaryotes. Here we review experimental studies investigating how phenotypic complexity and cAMP signalling co-evolved in Dictyostelia. In addition, we summarize comparative genomic studies of multicellular Dictyostelia and unicellular Amoebozoa aimed to identify evolutionary conservation and change in all genes known to be essential for D. discoideum development.
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6
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Nivina A, Yuet KP, Hsu J, Khosla C. Evolution and Diversity of Assembly-Line Polyketide Synthases. Chem Rev 2019; 119:12524-12547. [PMID: 31838842 PMCID: PMC6935866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Assembly-line polyketide synthases (PKSs) are among the most complex protein machineries known in nature, responsible for the biosynthesis of numerous compounds used in the clinic. Their present-day diversity is the result of an evolutionary path that has involved the emergence of a multimodular architecture and further diversification of assembly-line PKSs. In this review, we provide an overview of previous studies that investigated PKS evolution and propose a model that challenges the currently prevailing view that gene duplication has played a major role in the emergence of multimodularity. We also analyze the ensemble of orphan PKS clusters sequenced so far to evaluate how large the entire diversity of assembly-line PKS clusters and their chemical products could be. Finally, we examine the existing techniques to access the natural PKS diversity in natural and heterologous hosts and describe approaches to further expand this diversity through engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nivina
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford ChEM-H, Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kai P. Yuet
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford ChEM-H, Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jake Hsu
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford ChEM-H, Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford ChEM-H, Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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7
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González-Velasco Ó, De Las Rivas J, Lacal J. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Early Developmentally Regulated Proteins in Dictyostelium Discoideum. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101187. [PMID: 31581556 PMCID: PMC6830349 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP acts as a secondary messenger involving different cellular functions in eukaryotes. Here, proteomic and transcriptomic profiling has been combined to identify novel early developmentally regulated proteins in eukaryote cells. These proteomic and transcriptomic experiments were performed in Dictyostelium discoideum given the unique advantages that this organism offers as a eukaryotic model for cell motility and as a nonmammalian model of human disease. By comparing whole-cell proteome analysis of developed (cAMP-pulsed) wild-type AX2 cells and an independent transcriptomic analysis of developed wild-type AX4 cells, our results show that up to 70% of the identified proteins overlap in the two independent studies. Among them, we have found 26 proteins previously related to cAMP signaling and identified 110 novel proteins involved in calcium signaling, adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, metabolism, and proteins that previously lacked any annotation. Our study validates previous findings, mostly for the canonical cAMP-pathway, and also generates further insight into the complexity of the transcriptomic changes during early development. This article also compares proteomic data between parental and cells lacking glkA, a GSK-3 kinase implicated in substrate adhesion and chemotaxis in Dictyostelium. This analysis reveals a set of proteins that show differences in expression in the two strains as well as overlapping protein level changes independent of GlkA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar González-Velasco
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Research Group. Cancer Research Center (CIC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Research Group. Cancer Research Center (CIC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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8
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Kondo AP, Narita TB, Murata C, Ogura T, Mikagi A, Usuki T, Saito T. 4-Methyl-5-Pentylbenzene-1,3-Diol Regulates Chemotactic Cell Aggregation and Spore Maturation Via Different Mechanisms in Dictyostelium discoideum. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:376-381. [PMID: 30710153 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
4-Methyl-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol (MPBD), a product of the polyketide synthase SteelyA, is a signaling molecule that regulates Dictyostelium discoideum development. During early development, MPBD controls chemotactic cell aggregation by regulating the expression of genes in the cAMP signaling pathway; however, during culmination at late development, it induces spore maturation. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of MPBD, its derivatives, and a putative MPBD-derived metabolite on developmental defects in the MPBD-less stlA null mutant. Using structure-activity relationship studies, it was observed that in MPBD, the functional groups that were essential for induction of spore maturation were different from those essential for induction of cell aggregation. Dictyoquinone, a putative MPBD metabolite rescued the aggregation defect in stlA null mutant in early development, but not the spore maturation defect at the later stage. Our data suggest that MPBD regulates chemotactic cell aggregation and spore maturation via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Kondo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Takaaki B Narita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Chihiro Murata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Ogura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Ayame Mikagi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Tamao Saito
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan.
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9
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Ito T, Hamauchi N, Hagi T, Morohashi N, Hemmi H, Sato YG, Saito T, Yoshimura T. D-Serine Metabolism and Its Importance in Development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:784. [PMID: 29740415 PMCID: PMC5928759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, D-Ser is synthesized by serine racemase (SR) and degraded by D-amino acid oxidase (DAO). D-Ser acts as an endogenous ligand for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)- and δ2 glutamate receptors, and is involved in brain functions such as learning and memory. Although SR homologs are highly conserved in eukaryotes, little is known about the significance of D-Ser in non-mammals. In contrast to mammals, the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum genome encodes SR, DAO, and additionally D-Ser specific degradation enzyme D-Ser dehydratase (DSD), but not NMDA- and δ2 glutamate receptors. Here, we studied the significances of D-Ser and DSD in D. discoideum. Enzymatic assays demonstrated that DSD is 460- and 1,700-fold more active than DAO and SR, respectively, in degrading D-Ser. Moreover, in dsd-null cells D-Ser degradation activity is completely abolished. In fact, while in wild-type D. discoideum intracellular D-Ser levels were considerably low, dsd-null cells accumulated D-Ser. These results indicated that DSD but not DAO is the primary enzyme responsible for D-Ser decomposition in D. discoideum. We found that dsd-null cells exhibit delay in development and arrest at the early culmination stage. The efficiency of spore formation was considerably reduced in the mutant cells. These phenotypes were further pronounced by exogenous D-Ser but rescued by plasmid-borne expression of dsd. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that mRNA expression of key genes in the cAMP signaling relay is perturbed in the dsd knockout. Our data indicate novel roles for D-Ser and/or DSD in the regulation of cAMP signaling in the development processes of D. discoideum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Ito
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hamauchi
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taisuke Hagi
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Morohashi
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hemmi
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukie G Sato
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamao Saito
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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10
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Traynor D, Kay RR. A polycystin-type transient receptor potential (Trp) channel that is activated by ATP. Biol Open 2017; 6:200-209. [PMID: 28011630 PMCID: PMC5312093 DOI: 10.1242/bio.020685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP and ADP are ancient extra-cellular signalling molecules that in Dictyostelium amoebae cause rapid, transient increases in cytosolic calcium due to an influx through the plasma membrane. This response is independent of hetero-trimeric G-proteins, the putative IP3 receptor IplA and all P2X channels. We show, unexpectedly, that it is abolished in mutants of the polycystin-type transient receptor potential channel, TrpP. Responses to the chemoattractants cyclic-AMP and folic acid are unaffected in TrpP mutants. We report that the DIF morphogens, cyclic-di-GMP, GABA, glutamate and adenosine all induce strong cytoplasmic calcium responses, likewise independently of TrpP. Thus, TrpP is dedicated to purinergic signalling. ATP treatment causes cell blebbing within seconds but this does not require TrpP, implicating a separate purinergic receptor. We could detect no effect of ATP on chemotaxis and TrpP mutants grow, chemotax and develop almost normally in standard conditions. No gating ligand is known for the human homologue of TrpP, polycystin-2, which causes polycystic kidney disease. Our results now show that TrpP mediates purinergic signalling in Dictyostelium and is directly or indirectly gated by ATP. Summary: We show that a Trp channel related to the mammalian polycystin channel, rather than a P2X receptor, is responsible for the purinergic stimulation of cytosolic calcium levels in Dictyostelium cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Traynor
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB1 0QH, UK
| | - Robert R Kay
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB1 0QH, UK
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11
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Narita TB, Schaap P, Saito T. Effects of deletion of the receptor CrlA on Dictyostelium aggregation and MPBD-mediated responses are strain dependent and not evident in strain Ax2. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:2966322. [PMID: 28158557 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyketide MPBD (4-methyl-5-pentylbenzene-1, 3-diol) is produced by the polyketide synthase SteelyA (StlA) in Dictyostelium discoideum. MPBD is required for appropriate expression of cAMP signalling genes involved in cell aggregation and additionally induces the spore maturation at the fruiting body stage. The MPBD signalling pathway for regulation of cell aggregation is unknown, but MPBD effects on sporulation were reported to be mediated by the G-protein coupled receptor CrlA in D. discoideum KAx3. In this study, we deleted the crlA gene from the same parental strain (Ax2) that was used to generate the MPBD-less mutant. We found that unlike the MPBD-less mutant, Ax2-derived crlA- mutants exhibited normal cell aggregation, indicating that in Ax2 MPBD effects on early development do not require CrlA. We also found that the Ax2/crlA- mutant formed normal spores in fruiting bodies. When transformed with PkaC, both Ax2 and Ax2/crlA- similarly responded to MPBD in vitro with spore encapsulation. Our data make it doubtful that CrlA acts as the receptor for MPBD signalling during the development of D. discoideum Ax2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki B Narita
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan.,School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Pauline Schaap
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Tamao Saito
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
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12
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Kuwana S, Senoo H, Sawai S, Fukuzawa M. A novel, lineage-primed prestalk cell subtype involved in the morphogenesis of D. discoideum. Dev Biol 2016; 416:286-99. [PMID: 27373689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dictyostelium morphogenesis requires the tip, which acts as an organizer and conducts orchestrated cell movement and cell differentiation. At the slug stage the tip region contains prestalk A (pstA) cells, which are usually recognized by their expression of reporter constructs that utilize a fragment of the promoter of the ecmA gene. Here, using the promoter region of the o-methyl transferase 12 gene (omt12) to drive reporter expression, we demonstrate the presence, also within the pstA region, of a novel prestalk cell subtype: the pstV(A) cells. Surprisingly, a sub-population of the vegetative cells express a pstV(A): GFP marker and, sort out to the tip, both when developing alone and when co-developed with an excess of unmarked cells. The development of such a purified GFP-marked population is greatly accelerated: by precocious cell aggregation and tip formation with accompanying precocious elevation of developmental gene transcription. We therefore suggest that the tip contains at least two prestalk cell subtypes: the developmentally-specified pstA cells and the lineage-primed pstV(A) cells. It is presumably the pstV(A) cells that play the dominant role in morphogenesis during the earlier stages of development. The basis for the lineage priming is, however, unclear because we can find no correlation between pstV(A) differentiation and nutrient status during growth or cell cycle position at the time of starvation, the two known determinants of probable cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kuwana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Senoo
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Satoshi Sawai
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukuzawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan.
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13
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Schaap P. Evolution of developmental signalling in Dictyostelid social amoebas. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 39:29-34. [PMID: 27318097 PMCID: PMC5113120 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dictyostelia represent a tractable system to resolve the evolution of cell-type specialization, with some taxa differentiating into spores only, and other taxa with additionally one or up to four somatic cell types. One of the latter forms, Dictyostelium discoideum, is a popular model system for cell biology and developmental biology with key signalling pathways controlling cell-specialization being resolved recently. For the most dominant pathways, evolutionary origins were retraced to a stress response in the unicellular ancestor, while modifications in the ancestral pathway were associated with acquisition of multicellular complexity. This review summarizes our current understanding of developmental signalling in D. discoideum and its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Schaap
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD15EH Dundee, UK.
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14
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Synthesis and SAR of 4-methyl-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol (MPBD), produced by Dictyostelium discoideum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1428-33. [PMID: 26832786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
4-Methyl-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol (MPBD) is a secondary metabolite of SteelyA polyketide synthase, which controls cell aggregation and spore maturation of Dictyostelium discoideum. In this study, chemical synthesis of MPBD and its derivatives was achieved. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were also conducted.
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15
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Du Q, Kawabe Y, Schilde C, Chen ZH, Schaap P. The Evolution of Aggregative Multicellularity and Cell-Cell Communication in the Dictyostelia. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3722-33. [PMID: 26284972 PMCID: PMC5055082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Aggregative multicellularity, resulting in formation of a spore-bearing fruiting body, evolved at least six times independently amongst both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Amongst eukaryotes, this form of multicellularity is mainly studied in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. In this review, we summarise trends in the evolution of cell-type specialisation and behavioural complexity in the four major groups of Dictyostelia. We describe the cell-cell communication systems that control the developmental programme of D. discoideum, highlighting the central role of cAMP in the regulation of cell movement and cell differentiation. Comparative genomic studies showed that the proteins involved in cAMP signalling are deeply conserved across Dictyostelia and their unicellular amoebozoan ancestors. Comparative functional analysis revealed that cAMP signalling in D. discoideum originated from a second messenger role in amoebozoan encystation. We highlight some molecular changes in cAMP signalling genes that were responsible for the novel roles of cAMP in multicellular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyou Du
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom.
| | - Yoshinori Kawabe
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom.
| | - Christina Schilde
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom.
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom.
| | - Pauline Schaap
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom.
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