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Fülle JB, de Almeida RA, Lawless C, Stockdale L, Yanes B, Lane EB, Garrod DR, Ballestrem C. Proximity Mapping of Desmosomes Reveals a Striking Shift in Their Molecular Neighborhood Associated With Maturation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100735. [PMID: 38342409 PMCID: PMC10943070 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are multiprotein adhesion complexes that link intermediate filaments to the plasma membrane, ensuring the mechanical integrity of cells across tissues, but how they participate in the wider signaling network to exert their full function is unclear. To investigate this, we carried out protein proximity mapping using biotinylation (BioID). The combined interactomes of the essential desmosomal proteins desmocollin 2a, plakoglobin, and plakophilin 2a (Pkp2a) in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells were mapped and their differences and commonalities characterized as desmosome matured from Ca2+ dependence to the mature, Ca2+-independent, hyper-adhesive state, which predominates in tissues. Results suggest that individual desmosomal proteins have distinct roles in connecting to cellular signaling pathways and that these roles alter substantially when cells change their adhesion state. The data provide further support for a dualistic concept of desmosomes in which the properties of Pkp2a differ from those of the other, more stable proteins. This body of data provides an invaluable resource for the analysis of desmosome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith B Fülle
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Liam Stockdale
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bian Yanes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Birgitte Lane
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David R Garrod
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Fuchs M, Radeva MY, Spindler V, Vielmuth F, Kugelmann D, Waschke J. Cytoskeletal anchorage of different Dsg3 pools revealed by combination of hybrid STED/SMFS-AFM. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:25. [PMID: 36602635 PMCID: PMC9816259 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) is a desmosomal cadherin mediating cell adhesion within desmosomes and is the antigen of the autoimmune blistering skin disease pemphigus vulgaris. Therefore, understanding of the complex desmosome turnover process is of high biomedical relevance. Recently, super resolution microscopy was used to characterize desmosome composition and turnover. However, studies were limited because adhesion measurements on living cells were not possible in parallel. Before desmosomal cadherins are incorporated into nascent desmosomes, they are not bound to intermediate filaments but were suggested to be associated with the actin cytoskeleton. However, direct proof that adhesion of a pool of desmosomal cadherins is dependent on actin is missing. Here, we applied single-molecule force spectroscopy measurements with the novel single molecule hybrid-technique STED/SMFS-AFM to investigate the cytoskeletal anchorage of Dsg3 on living keratinocytes for the first time. By application of pharmacological agents we discriminated two different Dsg3 pools, only one of which is anchored to actin filaments. We applied the actin polymerization inhibitor Latrunculin B to modify the actin cytoskeleton and the PKCα activator PMA to modulate intermediate filament anchorage. On the cellular surface Dsg3 adhesion was actin-dependent. In contrast, at cell-cell contacts, Dsg3 adhesion was independent from actin but rather is regulated by PKC which is well established to control desmosome turn-over via intermediate filament anchorage. Taken together, using the novel STED/SMFS-AFM technique, we demonstrated the existence of two Dsg3 pools with different cytoskeletal anchorage mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fuchs
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Spindler
- Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Anatomy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Vielmuth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Kugelmann
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Autophagy and EMT in cancer and metastasis: Who controls whom? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166431. [PMID: 35533903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis consists of hallmark events, including Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), angiogenesis, initiation of inflammatory tumor microenvironment, and malfunctions in apoptosis. Autophagy is known to play a pivotal role in the metastatic process. Autophagy has pulled researchers towards it in recent times because of its dual role in the maintenance of cancer cells. Evidence states that cells undergoing EMT need autophagy in order to survive during migration and dissemination. Additionally, it orchestrates EMT markers in certain cancers. On the other side of the coin, autophagy plays an oncosuppressive role in impeding early metastasis. This review aims to project the interrelationship between autophagy and EMT. Targeting EMT via autophagy as a useful strategy is discussed in this review. Furthermore, for the first time, we have covered the possible reciprocating roles of EMT and autophagy and its consequences in cancer metastasis.
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Fülle JB, Huppert H, Liebl D, Liu J, Alves de Almeida R, Yanes B, Wright GD, Lane EB, Garrod DR, Ballestrem C. Desmosome dualism - most of the junction is stable, but a plakophilin moiety is persistently dynamic. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272445. [PMID: 34635908 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes, strong cell-cell junctions of epithelia and cardiac muscle, link intermediate filaments to cell membranes and mechanically integrate cells across tissues, dissipating mechanical stress. They comprise five major protein classes - desmocollins and desmogleins (the desmosomal cadherins), plakoglobin, plakophilins and desmoplakin - whose individual contribution to the structure and turnover of desmosomes is poorly understood. Using live-cell imaging together with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence loss and localisation after photobleaching (FLAP), we show that desmosomes consist of two contrasting protein moieties or modules: a very stable moiety of desmosomal cadherins, desmoplakin and plakoglobin, and a highly mobile plakophilin (Pkp2a). As desmosomes mature from Ca2+ dependence to Ca2+-independent hyper-adhesion, their stability increases, but Pkp2a remains highly mobile. We show that desmosome downregulation during growth-factor-induced cell scattering proceeds by internalisation of whole desmosomes, which still retain a stable moiety and highly mobile Pkp2a. This molecular mobility of Pkp2a suggests a transient and probably regulatory role for Pkp2a in desmosomes. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith B Fülle
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henri Huppert
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Institute of Medical Biology, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Dr, 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Liebl
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform, Research Support Centre, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaron Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Dr, 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rogerio Alves de Almeida
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Bian Yanes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Graham D Wright
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648 Singapore, Singapore.,A*STAR Microscopy Platform, Research Support Centre, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Birgitte Lane
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648 Singapore, Singapore
| | - David R Garrod
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Tilwani S, Gandhi K, Narayan S, Ainavarapu SRK, Dalal SN. Disruption of desmosome function leads to increased centrosome clustering in 14-3-3γ-knockout cells with supernumerary centrosomes. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2675-2690. [PMID: 34626438 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are conserved, dimeric, acidic proteins that regulate multiple cellular pathways. Loss of either 14-3-3ε or 14-3-3γ leads to centrosome amplification. However, we find that while the knockout of 14-3-3ε leads to multipolar mitoses, the knockout of 14-3-3γ results in centrosome clustering and pseudo-bipolar mitoses. 14-3-3γ knockouts demonstrate compromised desmosome function and a decrease in keratin levels, leading to decreased cell stiffness and an increase in centrosome clustering. Restoration of desmosome function increased multipolar mitoses, whereas knockdown of either plakoglobin or keratin 5 led to decreased cell stiffness and increased pseudo-bipolar mitoses. These results suggest that the ability of the desmosome to anchor keratin filaments maintains cell stiffness, thus inhibiting centrosome clustering, and that phenotypes observed upon 14-3-3 loss reflect the dysregulation of multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Tilwani
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Karan Gandhi
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, TIFR, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sorab Nariman Dalal
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
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Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in the Oral Cavity and Its Effect on Lipid Nanocarriers. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051330. [PMID: 34070004 PMCID: PMC8157841 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Topical drug administration to the oral mucosa proves to be a promising treatment alternative for inflammatory diseases. However, disease-related changes in the cell barrier must be considered when developing such delivery systems. This study aimed at investigating the changes in the lining mucosa caused by inflammation and evaluating the consequences on drug delivery systems such as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). For this, TR146 cells were treated with inflammatory cytokines and bacterial components. Cell viability and integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and interleukin (IL)-8 release were used as endpoints to assess inflammation. Translocation of phosphatidylserine, cytoskeletal arrangement, opening of desmosomes, and cell proliferation were examined. Transport studies with NLC were performed considering active and passive pathways. The results showed that IL-1ß and tumor necrosis factor α induced inflammation by increasing IL-8 and ROS production (22-fold and 2-fold). Morphologically, loss of cell–cell connections and formation of stress fibers and hyperplasia were observed. The charge of the cell membrane shifted from neutral to negative, which increased the absorption of NLC due to the repulsive interactions between the hydrophobic negative particles and the cell membrane on the one hand, and interactions with lipophilic membrane proteins such as caveolin on the other.
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Hamyeh M, Bernex F, Larive RM, Naldi A, Urbach S, Simony-Lafontaine J, Puech C, Bakhache W, Solassol J, Coopman PJ, Hendriks WJ, Freiss G. PTPN13 induces cell junction stabilization and inhibits mammary tumor invasiveness. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1016-1032. [PMID: 31938048 PMCID: PMC6956795 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical data suggest that the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN13 exerts an anti-oncogenic effect. Its exact role in tumorigenesis remains, however, unclear due to its negative impact on FAS receptor-induced apoptosis. Methods: We crossed transgenic mice deleted for PTPN13 phosphatase activity with mice that overexpress human HER2 to assess the exact role of PTPN13 in tumor development and aggressiveness. To determine the molecular mechanism underlying the PTPN13 tumor suppressor activity we developed isogenic clones of the aggressive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 overexpressing either wild type or a catalytically-inactive mutant PTPN13 and subjected these to phosphoproteomic and gene ontology analyses. We investigated the PTPN13 consequences on cell aggressiveness using wound healing and Boyden chamber assays, on intercellular adhesion using videomicroscopy, cell aggregation assay and immunofluorescence. Results: The development, growth and invasiveness of breast tumors were strongly increased by deletion of the PTPN13 phosphatase activity in transgenic mice. We observed that PTPN13 phosphatase activity is required to inhibit cell motility and invasion in the MDA-MB-231 cell line overexpressing PTPN13. In vivo, the negative PTPN13 effect on tumor invasiveness was associated with a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition phenotype in athymic mice xenografted with PTPN13-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells, as well as in HER2-overexpressing mice with wild type PTPN13, compared to HER2-overexpressing mice that lack PTPN13 phosphatase activity. Phosphoproteomic and gene ontology analyses indicated a role of PTPN13 in the regulation of intercellular junction-related proteins. Finally, protein localization studies in MDA-MB-231 cells and HER2-overexpressing mice tumors confirmed that PTPN13 stabilizes intercellular adhesion and promotes desmosome formation. Conclusions: These data provide the first evidence for the negative role of PTPN13 in breast tumor invasiveness and highlight its involvement in cell junction stabilization.
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Green KJ, Jaiganesh A, Broussard JA. Desmosomes: Essential contributors to an integrated intercellular junction network. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31942240 PMCID: PMC6944264 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20942.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of adhesive connections between cells was critical for the evolution of multicellularity and for organizing cells into complex organs with discrete compartments. Four types of intercellular junction are present in vertebrates: desmosomes, adherens junctions, tight junctions, and gap junctions. All are essential for the development of the embryonic layers and organs as well as adult tissue homeostasis. While each junction type is defined as a distinct entity, it is now clear that they cooperate physically and functionally to create a robust and functionally diverse system. During evolution, desmosomes first appeared in vertebrates as highly specialized regions at the plasma membrane that couple the intermediate filament cytoskeleton at points of strong cell–cell adhesion. Here, we review how desmosomes conferred new mechanical and signaling properties to vertebrate cells and tissues through their interactions with the existing junctional and cytoskeletal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Green
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Avinash Jaiganesh
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua A Broussard
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Sawant S, Dongre H, Kanojia D, Jamghare S, Borges A, Vaidya M. Role of Electron Microscopy in Early Detection of Altered Epithelium During Experimental Oral Carcinogenesis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:1367-1375. [PMID: 30867083 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of altered epithelium can help in controlling the further progression by timely intervention. Alterations in cellular adhesion are one of the hallmarks of cancer progression, which can be detected at the intracellular level using high-resolution electron microscopy. This study aimed to evaluate the role of electron microscopy in the establishment of ultrastructural markers for early detection of altered epithelium using tissues from 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide (4NQO) induced rat tongue carcinogenesis. Our previous study using light microscopy displayed no histopathological alterations in 4NQO treated tissues until 40 days of treatment, while dysplasia, papilloma and carcinoma were detected at 80/120, 160 and 200 days, respectively. However, electron microscopy detected alterations such as detachment of desmosomes from cell membranes and their clustering in the cytoplasm, increased tonofilaments, keratohyaline granules and thickened corneum in 40 days treated corresponding tissues. These alterations are apparent with hyperkeratosis/hyperplasia but remained undetected using light microscopy. Further, in dysplasia, papilloma and carcinoma, gradual and significant loss of desmosomes, leading to the significant widening of intercellular spaces, was observed using iTEM software. These parameters may serve as indicators for progression of oral cancer. Our results highlight the importance of electron microscopy in the early detection of subcellular changes in the altered epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Sawant
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410 210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harsh Dongre
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410 210, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, N-5021, Norway
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410 210, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sayli Jamghare
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410 210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anita Borges
- Department of Histopathology, Asian Institute of Oncology, S. L. Raheja Hospital, Mahim, Mumbai-4000116, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind Vaidya
- Vaidya Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410 210, Maharashtra, India
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Wyatt TA, Bailey KL, Simet SM, Warren KJ, Sweeter JM, DeVasure JM, Pavlik JA, Sisson JH. Alcohol potentiates RSV-mediated injury to ciliated airway epithelium. Alcohol 2019; 80:17-24. [PMID: 31235345 PMCID: PMC7100607 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol impairs resolution of respiratory viral infections. Numerous immune response pathways are altered in response to alcohol misuse, including alcohol-induced ciliary dysfunction in the lung. We hypothesized that mucociliary clearance-mediated innate immunity to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) would be compromised by alcohol exposure. Cilia were assayed using Sisson-Ammons Video Analysis by quantitating the average number of motile points in multiple whole field measurements of mouse tracheal epithelial cells grown on an air-liquid interface. Pretreatment with ethanol alone (100 mM for 24 hours) had no effect on the number of motile cilia. A single dose (TCID50 1 × 105) of RSV resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in motile cilia after 2 days. Ethanol pretreatment significantly (p < 0.05) potentiated RSV-induced cilia loss by 2 days. Combined RSV and ethanol treatment led to a sustained activation-induced auto-downregulation of PKC epsilon (PKCε). Ethanol-induced enhancement of ciliated cell detachment was confirmed by dynein ELISA and LDH activity from the supernates. RSV-induced cilia loss was evident until 7 days, when RSV-only infected cells demonstrated no significant cilia loss vs. control cells. However, cells pretreated with ethanol showed significant cilia loss until 10 days post-RSV infection. To address the functional significance of ethanol-enhanced cilia detachment, mice fed alcohol ad libitum (20% for 12 weeks) were infected once with RSV, and clearance was measured by plaque-forming assay from lung homogenates for up to 7 days. After 3 days, RSV plaque formation was no longer detected from the lungs of control mice, while significant (p < 0.01) RSV plaque-forming units were detected at 7 days in alcohol-fed mice. Alcohol-fed mice demonstrated enhanced cilia loss and delayed cilia recovery from tracheal measurements in wild-type C57BL/6 mice, but not PKCε KO mice. These data suggest that alcohol worsens RSV-mediated injury to ciliated epithelium in a PKCε-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Wyatt
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy, 985910 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, United States; Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, United States; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Environmental, Agricultural, & Occupational Health, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, United States.
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy, 985910 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, United States; Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, United States
| | - Samantha M Simet
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, Omaha, NE, 68198-6395, United States
| | - Kristi J Warren
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy, 985910 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, United States
| | - Jenea M Sweeter
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy, 985910 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, United States
| | - Jane M DeVasure
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy, 985910 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, United States
| | - Jaqueline A Pavlik
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy, 985910 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, United States
| | - Joseph H Sisson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy, 985910 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, United States
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Calcium as a Key Player in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Adhesion Disorder or Intracellular Alteration? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163986. [PMID: 31426283 PMCID: PMC6721231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited heart disease characterized by sudden death in young people and featured by fibro-adipose myocardium replacement, malignant arrhythmias, and heart failure. To date, no etiological therapies are available. Mutations in desmosomal genes cause abnormal mechanical coupling, trigger pro-apoptotic signaling pathways, and induce fibro-adipose replacement. Here, we discuss the hypothesis that the ACM causative mechanism involves a defect in the expression and/or activity of the cardiac Ca2+ handling machinery, focusing on the available data supporting this hypothesis. The Ca2+ toolkit is heavily remodeled in cardiomyocytes derived from a mouse model of ACM defective of the desmosomal protein plakophilin-2. Furthermore, ACM-related mutations were found in genes encoding for proteins involved in excitation‒contraction coupling, e.g., type 2 ryanodine receptor and phospholamban. As a consequence, the sarcoplasmic reticulum becomes more eager to release Ca2+, thereby inducing delayed afterdepolarizations and impairing cardiac contractility. These data are supported by preliminary observations from patient induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Assessing the involvement of Ca2+ signaling in the pathogenesis of ACM could be beneficial in the treatment of this life-threatening disease.
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12
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Christensen AH, Andersen CB, Wassilew K, Svendsen JH, Bundgaard H, Brand SM, Schmitz B. Rare non-coding Desmoglein-2 variant contributes to Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 131:164-170. [PMID: 31051180 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) has been linked to variants in the coding sequence of desmosomal genes. The potential contribution of non-coding desmoglein-2 (DSG2) variants for development of ARVC is undescribed. We sequenced 1450 base pairs upstream of ATG in the DSG2 gene in 65 unrelated patients diagnosed with ARVC (10 borderline cases). Identified variants was evaluated by cosegregation and allele population frequency analysis, in silico tools, immunohistological investigations of myocardial biopsies, gene reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The genetic analysis identified one novel, rare heterozygous DSG2 upstream variant (-317G > A) in a genetically unexplained ARVC patient. The variant segregated with signs of disease, was absent in publicly available databases, and affected a predicted binding site for activating protein-1 (AP-1). Immunohistochemical analysis of a myocardial biopsy from the -317G > A patient showed a marked reduction in DSG2 protein levels compared to healthy controls. Luciferase reporter gene assays showed promoter activity of the identified DSG2 upstream region and a general reduction in transcriptional activity in the presence of the minor DSG2_A allele (p < .01). Moreover, the DSG2_A allele reduced DSG2 activation by TGF-beta1 and a protein kinase C pathway activator (PMA; all p < .001 vs. DSG2_G). EMSAs showed altered transcription factor binding in presence of the DSG2_A allele. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in wild type epithelial cells identified AP-1 components c-FOS and c-JUN at the -317 locus. In conclusion, the non-coding DSG2 promoter variant -317G > A reduces DSG2 transcription in vitro and reduced myocardial DSG2 protein levels were observed in vivo. Our data support a contribution of non-coding DSG2 variants to the pathogenesis of ARVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hørby Christensen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Claus B Andersen
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Katharina Wassilew
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hastrup Svendsen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan-Martin Brand
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Boris Schmitz
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Sera T, Arai M, Cui Z, Onose K, Karimi A, Kudo S. Unloading of intercellular tension induces the directional translocation of PKCα. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9764-9777. [PMID: 30387146 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The migration of endothelial cells (ECs) is closely associated with a Ca2+ -dependent protein, protein kinase Cα (PKCα). The disruption of intercellular adhesion by single-cell wounding has been shown to induce the directional translocation of PKCα. We hypothesized that this translocation of PKCα is induced by mechanical stress, such as unloading of intercellular tension, or by intercellular communication, such as gap junction-mediated and paracrine signaling. In the current study, we found that the disruption of intercellular adhesion induced the directional translocation of PKCα even when gap junction-mediated and paracrine signaling were inhibited. Conversely, it did not occur when the mechanosensitive channel was inhibited. In addition, the strain field of substrate attributable to the disruption of intercellular adhesion tended to be larger at the areas corresponding with PKCα translocation. Recently, we found that a direct mechanical stimulus induced the accumulation of PKCα at the stimulus area, involving Ca 2+ influx from extracellular space. These results indicated that the unloading of intercellular tension induced directional translocation of PKCα, which required Ca 2+ influx from extracellular space. The results of this study indicate the involvement of PKCα in the Ca 2+ signaling pathway in response to mechanical stress in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Sera
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masataka Arai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Zhonghua Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Onose
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Alireza Karimi
- International Research Fellow, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Susumu Kudo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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14
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Abstract
The cytoskeleton is crucially important for the assembly of cell-cell junctions and the homeostatic regulation of their functions. Junctional proteins act, in turn, as anchors for cytoskeletal filaments, and as regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and signalling proteins. The cross-talk between junctions and the cytoskeleton is critical for the morphogenesis and physiology of epithelial and other tissues, but is not completely understood. Microtubules are implicated in the delivery of junctional proteins to cell-cell contact sites, in the differentiation and spatial organization of the cytoplasm, and in the stabilization of the barrier and adhesive functions of junctions. Here we focus on the relationships between microtubules and junctions of vertebrate epithelial cells. We highlight recent discoveries on the molecular underpinnings of microtubule-junction interactions, and report new data about the interaction of cingulin and paracingulin with microtubules. We also propose a possible new role of junctions as “molecular sinks” for microtubule-associated signalling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Vasileva
- a Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3) , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Sandra Citi
- a Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3) , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
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15
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Roxas JL, Monasky RC, Roxas BAP, Agellon AB, Mansoor A, Kaper JB, Vedantam G, Viswanathan V. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli EspH-Mediated Rho GTPase Inhibition Results in Desmosomal Perturbations. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:163-180. [PMID: 30003123 PMCID: PMC6039986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The diarrheagenic pathogen, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), uses a type III secretion system to deliver effector molecules into intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). While exploring the basis for the lateral membrane separation of EPEC-infected IECs, we observed infection-induced loss of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-2 (DSG2). We sought to identify the molecule(s) involved in, and delineate the mechanisms and consequences of, EPEC-induced DSG2 loss. METHODS DSG2 abundance and localization was monitored via immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. Junctional perturbations were visualized by electron microscopy, and cell-cell adhesion was assessed using dispase assays. EspH alanine-scan mutants as well as pharmacologic agents were used to evaluate impacts on desmosomal alterations. EPEC-mediated DSG2 loss, and its impact on bacterial colonization in vivo, was assessed using a murine model. RESULTS The secreted virulence protein EspH mediates EPEC-induced DSG2 degradation, and contributes to desmosomal perturbation, loss of cell junction integrity, and barrier disruption in infected IECs. EspH sequesters Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors and inhibits Rho guanosine triphosphatase signaling; EspH mutants impaired for Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction failed to inhibit RhoA or deplete DSG2. Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1, which locks Rho guanosine triphosphatase in the active state, jasplakinolide, a molecule that promotes actin polymerization, and the lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A, respectively, rescued infected cells from EPEC-induced DSG2 loss. Wild-type EPEC, but not an espH-deficient strain, colonizes mouse intestines robustly, widens paracellular junctions, and induces DSG2 re-localization in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our studies define the mechanism and consequences of EPEC-induced desmosomal alterations in IECs. These perturbations contribute to the colonization and virulence of EPEC, and likely related pathogens.
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Key Words
- A/E, attaching and effacing
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CM, calcium and magnesium
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
- DSC, desmocollin
- DSG, desmoglein
- DSG2
- Desmoglein
- EPEC
- EPEC, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
- GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factors
- GTPase, guanosine triphosphatase
- Host–Pathogen Interaction
- IEC, intestinal epithelial cell
- IF, intermediate filament
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- T3SS, type 3 secretion system
- TER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- TJ, tight junction
- WT, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lising Roxas
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ross Calvin Monasky
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Bryan Angelo P. Roxas
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Al B. Agellon
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Asad Mansoor
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - James B. Kaper
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gayatri Vedantam
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona
| | - V.K. Viswanathan
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: V. K. Viswanathan, PhD, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, 1006 E. Lowell, Building 106, Room 231, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721. fax: (520) 621-6366.
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16
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Ishiguro S, Kawabata A, Zulbaran-Rojas A, Monson K, Uppalapati D, Ohta N, Inui M, Pappas CG, Tzakos AG, Tamura M. Co-treatment with a C1B5 peptide of protein kinase Cγ and a low dose of gemcitabine strongly attenuated pancreatic cancer growth in mice through T cell activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:962-968. [PMID: 29155177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although gemcitabine is an effective chemotherapeutic for pancreatic cancer, severe side effects often accompany its use. Since we have discovered that locally administered C1B domain peptides effectively control tumor growth without any side effects, the efficacy of co-treatment with this peptide and a low dose of gemcitabine on the growth of pancreatic cancer was examined. Two- and three-dimensional cell culture studies clarified that a co-treatment with C1B5 peptide and gemcitabine significantly attenuated growth of PAN02 mouse and PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultures. Although treatment with the low dose of gemcitabine alone (76%) or the C1B5 peptide alone (39%) inhibited tumor growth moderately, a co-treatment with C1B5 peptide and a low dose of gemcitabine markedly inhibited the growth of PAN02 autografts in the mouse peritoneal cavity (94% inhibition) without any noticeable adverse effect. The number of peritoneal cavity-infiltrating neutrophils and granzyme B+ lymphocytes was significantly higher in the co-treatment group than in the control group. A significant increase of granzyme B mRNA expression was also detected in human T cells by the co-treatment. Taken together, the current study suggests that C1B5 peptide offers a remarkably effective combination treatment strategy to reduce side effects associated with gemcitabine, without losing its tumoricidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ishiguro
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Atsushi Kawabata
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Alejandro Zulbaran-Rojas
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kelsey Monson
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Deepthi Uppalapati
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Naomi Ohta
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Makoto Inui
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Charalampos G Pappas
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Masaaki Tamura
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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17
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Gurjar M, Raychaudhuri K, Mahadik S, Reddy D, Atak A, Shetty T, Rao K, Karkhanis MS, Gosavi P, Sehgal L, Gupta S, Dalal SN. Plakophilin3 increases desmosome assembly, size and stability by increasing expression of desmocollin2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:768-774. [PMID: 29146182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports show that the desmosomal plaque protein plakophilin3 (PKP3) is essential for desmosome formation. Here, we report that PKP3 over-expression decreases calcium dependency for de novo desmosome formation and makes existing cell-cell adhesion junctions more resilient in low calcium medium due to an increase in desmocollin2 expression. PKP3 overexpression increases the stability of other desmosomal proteins independently of the increase in DSC2 levels and regulates desmosome formation and stability by a multimodal mechanism affecting transcription, protein stability and cell border localization of desmosomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansa Gurjar
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Kumarkrishna Raychaudhuri
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Snehal Mahadik
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Divya Reddy
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Apurva Atak
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Trupti Shetty
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Kruthi Rao
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Mansi S Karkhanis
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Prajakta Gosavi
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India.
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18
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Moftah H, Dias K, Apu EH, Liu L, Uttagomol J, Bergmeier L, Kermorgant S, Wan H. Desmoglein 3 regulates membrane trafficking of cadherins, an implication in cell-cell adhesion. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 11:211-232. [PMID: 27254775 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1195942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion plays a critical role in epithelial cell polarization and morphogenesis. Our recent studies suggest that the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) cross talks with E-cadherin and regulates its adhesive function in differentiating keratinocytes. However, the underlying mechanism remains not fully elucidated. Since E-cadherin trafficking has been recognized to be a central determinant in cell-cell adhesion and homeostasis we hypothesize that Dsg3 may play a role in regulating E-cadherin trafficking and hence the cell-cell adhesion. Here we investigated this hypothesis in cells with loss of Dsg3 function through RNAi mediated Dsg3 knockdown or the stable expression of the truncated mutant Dsg3ΔC. Our results showed that loss of Dsg3 resulted in compromised cell-cell adhesion and reduction of adherens junction and desmosome protein expression as well as the cortical F-actin formation. As a consequence, cells failed to polarize but instead displayed aberrant cell flattening. Furthermore, retardation of E-cadherin internalization and recycling was consistently observed in these cells during the process of calcium induced junction assembling. In contrast, enhanced cadherin endocytosis was detected in cells with overexpression of Dsg3 compared to control cells. Importantly, this altered cadherin trafficking was found to be coincided with the reduced expression and activity of Rab proteins, including Rab5, Rab7 and Rab11 which are known to be involved in E-cadherin trafficking. Taken together, our findings suggest that Dsg3 functions as a key in cell-cell adhesion through at least a mechanism of regulating E-cadherin membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Moftah
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
| | - Kasuni Dias
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
| | - Li Liu
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
| | - Jutamas Uttagomol
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
| | - Lesley Bergmeier
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
| | - Stephanie Kermorgant
- b Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Center , Charterhouse Square, London , UK
| | - Hong Wan
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
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19
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Loschke F, Homberg M, Magin TM. Keratin Isotypes Control Desmosome Stability and Dynamics through PKCα. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:202-13. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Curci A, Mele A, Camerino GM, Dinardo MM, Tricarico D. The large conductance Ca(2+) -activated K(+) (BKCa) channel regulates cell proliferation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells by activating the staurosporine-sensitive protein kinases. Front Physiol 2014; 5:476. [PMID: 25538629 PMCID: PMC4260485 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we investigated on the role of the calcium activated K(+)-channels(BKCa) on the regulation of the neuronal viability. Recordings of the K(+)-channel current were performed using patch-clamp technique in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) in parallel with measurements of the cell viability in the absence or presence of the BKCa channel blockers iberiotoxin(IbTX) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) and the BKCa channel opener NS1619. Protein kinase C/A (PKC, PKA) activities in the cell lysate were investigated in the presence/absence of drugs. The whole-cell K(+)-current showed a slope conductance calculated at negative membrane potentials of 126.3 pS and 1.717 nS(n = 46) following depolarization. The intercept of the I/V curve was -33 mV. IbTX(10(-8) - 4 × 10(-7) M) reduced the K(+)-current at +30 mV with an IC50 of 1.85 × 10(-7) M and an Imax of -46% (slope = 2.198) (n = 21). NS1619(10-100 × 10(-6) M) enhanced the K(+)-current of +141% (n = 6), at -10 mV(Vm). TEA(10(-5)-10(-3) M) reduced the K(+)-current with an IC50 of 3.54 × 10(-5) M and an Imax of -90% (slope = 0.95) (n = 5). A concentration-dependent increase of cell proliferation was observed with TEA showing a maximal proliferative effect(MPE) of +38% (10(-4) M). IbTX showed an MPE of +42% at 10(-8) M concentration, reducing it at higher concentrations. The MPE of the NS1619(100 × 10(-6) M) was +42%. The PKC inhibitor staurosporine (0.2-2 × 10(-6) M) antagonized the proliferative actions of IbTX and TEA. IbTX (10 × 10(-9) M), TEA (100 × 10(-6) M), and the NS1619 significantly enhanced the PKC and PKA activities in the cell lysate with respect to the controls. These results suggest that BKCa channel regulates proliferation of the SH-SY5Y cells through PKC and PKA protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Curci
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Domenico Tricarico
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
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