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Rezig IM, Yaduma WG, McInerny CJ. Processes Controlling the Contractile Ring during Cytokinesis in Fission Yeast, Including the Role of ESCRT Proteins. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:154. [PMID: 38392827 PMCID: PMC10890238 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis, as the last stage of the cell division cycle, is a tightly controlled process amongst all eukaryotes, with defective division leading to severe cellular consequences and implicated in serious human diseases and conditions such as cancer. Both mammalian cells and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe use binary fission to divide into two equally sized daughter cells. Similar to mammalian cells, in S. pombe, cytokinetic division is driven by the assembly of an actomyosin contractile ring (ACR) at the cell equator between the two cell tips. The ACR is composed of a complex network of membrane scaffold proteins, actin filaments, myosin motors and other cytokinesis regulators. The contraction of the ACR leads to the formation of a cleavage furrow which is severed by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins, leading to the final cell separation during the last stage of cytokinesis, the abscission. This review describes recent findings defining the two phases of cytokinesis in S. pombe: ACR assembly and constriction, and their coordination with septation. In summary, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the mechanisms regulating ACR-mediated cytokinesis in S. pombe and emphasize a potential role of ESCRT proteins in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane M Rezig
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Davidson Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Wandiahyel G Yaduma
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Davidson Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Adamawa State College of Education, Hong 640001, Adamawa State, Nigeria
| | - Christopher J McInerny
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Davidson Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Rezig IM, Yaduma WG, Gould GW, McInerny CJ. The role of anillin/Mid1p during medial division and cytokinesis: from fission yeast to cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:633-644. [PMID: 36426865 PMCID: PMC9980708 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2147655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division cycle when cellular constituents are separated to produce two daughter cells. This process is driven by the formation and constriction of a contractile ring. Progression of these events is controlled by mechanisms and proteins that are evolutionary conserved in eukaryotes from fungi to humans. Genetic and molecular studies in different model organisms identified essential cytokinesis genes, with several conserved proteins, including the anillin/Mid1p proteins, constituting the core cytokinetic machinery. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe represents a well-established model organism to study eukaryotic cell cycle regulation. Cytokinesis in fission yeast and mammalian cells depends on the placement, assembly, maturation, and constriction of a medially located actin-myosin contractile ring (ACR). Here, we review aspects of the ACR assembly and cytokinesis process in fission yeast and consider the regulation of such events in mammalian cells. First, we briefly describe the role of anillin during mammalian ACR assembly and cytokinesis. Second, we describe different aspects of the anillin-like protein Mid1p regulation during the S. pombe cell cycle, including its structure, function, and phospho-regulation. Third, we briefly discuss Mid1pindependent ACR assembly in S. pombe. Fourth, we highlight emerging studies demonstrating the roles of anillin in human tumourigenesis introducing anillin as a potential drug target for cancer treatment. Collectively, we provide an overview of the current understanding of medial division and cytokinesis in S. pombe and suggest the implications of these observations in other eukaryotic organisms, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane M. Rezig
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wandiahyel G. Yaduma
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Adamawa State College of Education Hong, Nigeria
| | - Gwyn W. Gould
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher J. McInerny
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,CONTACT Christopher J. McInerny School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
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Rezig IM, Yaduma WG, Gould GW, McInerny CJ. Anillin/Mid1p interacts with the ESCRT-associated protein Vps4p and mitotic kinases to regulate cytokinesis in fission yeast. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1845-1860. [PMID: 34382912 PMCID: PMC8525990 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1962637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final stage of the cell cycle which separates cellular constituents to produce two daughter cells. Using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe we have investigated the role of various classes of proteins involved in this process. Central to these is anillin/Mid1p which forms a ring-like structure at the cell equator that predicts the site of cell separation through septation in fission yeast. Here we demonstrate a direct physical interaction between Mid1p and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-associated protein Vps4p, a genetic interaction of the mid1 and vps4 genes essential for cell viability, and a requirement of Vps4p for the correct cellular localization of Mid1p. Furthermore, we show that Mid1p is phosphorylated by aurora kinase, a genetic interaction of the mid1 and the aurora kinase ark1 genes is essential for cell viability, and that Ark1p is also required for the correct cellular localization of Mid1p. We mapped the sites of phosphorylation of Mid1p by human aurora A and the polo kinase Plk1 and assessed their importance in fission yeast by mutational analysis. Such analysis revealed serine residues S332, S523 and S531 to be required for Mid1p function and its interaction with Vps4p, Ark1p and Plo1p. Combined these data suggest a physical interaction between Mid1p and Vps4p important for cytokinesis, and identify phosphorylation of Mid1p by aurora and polo kinases as being significant for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane M Rezig
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wandiahyel G Yaduma
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gwyn W Gould
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher J McInerny
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 and Aurora Kinase choreograph mitotic storage and redistribution of a growth factor receptor. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001029. [PMID: 33395410 PMCID: PMC7808676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal trafficking of receptors and associated proteins plays a critical role in signal processing. Until recently, it was thought that trafficking was shut down during cell division. Thus, remarkably, the regulation of trafficking during division remains poorly characterized. Here we delineate the role of mitotic kinases in receptor trafficking during asymmetric division. Targeted perturbations reveal that Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) and Aurora Kinase promote storage of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) by suppressing endosomal degradation and recycling pathways. As cells progress through metaphase, loss of CDK1 activity permits differential degradation and targeted recycling of stored receptors, leading to asymmetric induction. Mitotic receptor storage, as delineated in this study, may facilitate rapid reestablishment of signaling competence in nascent daughter cells. However, mutations that limit or enhance the release of stored signaling components could alter daughter cell fate or behavior thereby promoting oncogenesis. This study provides fundamental insights into the crosstalk between cell division and signaling, with implications for cancer. High-resolution in vivo analysis reveals that dividing cells sequester signal receptor proteins into internal compartments; stored receptors are then redistributed as cells complete division.
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Krapp A, Hamelin R, Armand F, Chiappe D, Krapp L, Cano E, Moniatte M, Simanis V. Analysis of the S. pombe Meiotic Proteome Reveals a Switch from Anabolic to Catabolic Processes and Extensive Post-transcriptional Regulation. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1044-1058.e5. [PMID: 30673600 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic progression in S. pombe is regulated by stage-specific gene expression and translation, changes in RNA stability, expression of anti-sense transcripts, and targeted proteolysis of regulatory proteins. We have used SILAC labeling to examine the relative levels of proteins in diploid S. pombe cells during meiosis. Among the 3,268 proteins quantified at all time points, the levels of 880 proteins changed at least 2-fold; the majority of proteins showed stepwise increases or decreases during the meiotic divisions, while some changed transiently. Overall, we observed reductions in proteins involved in anabolism and increases in proteins involved in catabolism. We also observed increases in the levels of proteins of the ESCRT-III complex and revealed a role for ESCRT-III components in chromosome segregation and spore formation. Correlation with studies of meiotic gene expression and ribosome occupancy reveals that many of the changes in steady-state protein levels are post-transcriptional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Krapp
- EPFL SV ISREC UPSIM, SV2.1830, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Hamelin
- EPFL Proteomics Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTP, AI 0149, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Armand
- EPFL Proteomics Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTP, AI 0149, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diego Chiappe
- EPFL Proteomics Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTP, AI 0149, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Krapp
- EPFL SV IBI-SV UPDALPE, AAB 1 17, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Cano
- EPFL SV ISREC UPSIM, SV2.1830, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Moniatte
- EPFL Proteomics Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTP, AI 0149, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viesturs Simanis
- EPFL SV ISREC UPSIM, SV2.1830, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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The Multiple Roles of the Cdc14 Phosphatase in Cell Cycle Control. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030709. [PMID: 31973188 PMCID: PMC7038166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cdc14 phosphatase is a key regulator of mitosis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cdc14 was initially described as playing an essential role in the control of cell cycle progression by promoting mitotic exit on the basis of its capacity to counteract the activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28/Cdk1. A compiling body of evidence, however, has later demonstrated that this phosphatase plays other multiple roles in the regulation of mitosis at different cell cycle stages. Here, we summarize our current knowledge about the pivotal role of Cdc14 in cell cycle control, with a special focus in the most recently uncovered functions of the phosphatase.
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Abstract
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, an ascomycete fungus, is an established model organism for studying eukaryotic molecular and cellular events such as the cell cycle due to its powerful genetics, a sequenced genome, and the ease of molecular manipulation (Wood et al., Nature 415:871-880, 2002; Hoffman et al., Genetics 201:403-423, 2015). This chapter describes genetic and cytological methods to study endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) function during the cell cycle in fission yeast. These include tetrad analysis to allow the creation of double mutants to test for genetic interactions by synthetic phenotype characterization, such as cellular growth and the analysis of division septa by calcofluor-white staining.
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Caspi Y, Dekker C. Dividing the Archaeal Way: The Ancient Cdv Cell-Division Machinery. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:174. [PMID: 29551994 PMCID: PMC5840170 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division in most prokaryotes is mediated by the well-studied fts genes, with FtsZ as the principal player. In many archaeal species, however, division is orchestrated differently. The Crenarchaeota phylum of archaea features the action of the three proteins, CdvABC. This Cdv system is a unique and less-well-studied division mechanism that merits closer inspection. In vivo, the three Cdv proteins form a composite band that contracts concomitantly with the septum formation. Of the three Cdv proteins, CdvA is the first to be recruited to the division site, while CdvB and CdvC are thought to participate in the active part of the Cdv division machinery. Interestingly, CdvB shares homology with a family of proteins from the eukaryotic ESCRT-III complex, and CdvC is a homolog of the eukaryotic Vps4 complex. These two eukaryotic complexes are key factors in the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway, which is responsible for various budding processes in eukaryotic cells and which participates in the final stages of division in Metazoa. There, ESCRT-III forms a contractile machinery that actively cuts the membrane, whereas Vps4, which is an ATPase, is necessary for the turnover of the ESCRT membrane-abscission polymers. In contrast to CdvB and CdvC, CdvA is unique to the archaeal Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota phyla. The Crenarchaeota division mechanism has often been suggested to represent a simplified version of the ESCRT division machinery thus providing a model system to study the evolution and mechanism of cell division in higher organisms. However, there are still many open questions regarding this parallelism and the division mechanism of Crenarchaeota. Here, we review the existing data on the role of the Cdv proteins in the division process of Crenarchaeota as well as concisely review the ESCRT system in eukaryotes. We survey the similarities and differences between the division and abscission mechanisms in the two cases. We suggest that the Cdv system functions differently in archaea than ESCRT does in eukaryotes, and that, unlike the eukaryotic case, the Cdv system's main function may be related to surplus membrane invagination and cell-wall synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Caspi
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Cees Dekker
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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Capalbo L, Mela I, Abad MA, Jeyaprakash AA, Edwardson JM, D'Avino PP. Coordinated regulation of the ESCRT-III component CHMP4C by the chromosomal passenger complex and centralspindlin during cytokinesis. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160248. [PMID: 27784789 PMCID: PMC5090064 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC)—composed of Aurora B kinase, Borealin, Survivin and INCENP—surveys the fidelity of genome segregation throughout cell division. The CPC has been proposed to prevent polyploidy by controlling the final separation (known as abscission) of the two daughter cells via regulation of the ESCRT-III CHMP4C component. The molecular details are, however, still unclear. Using atomic force microscopy, we show that CHMP4C binds to and remodels membranes in vitro. Borealin prevents the association of CHMP4C with membranes, whereas Aurora B interferes with CHMP4C's membrane remodelling activity. Moreover, we show that CHMP4C phosphorylation is not required for its assembly into spiral filaments at the abscission site and that two distinctly localized pools of phosphorylated CHMP4C exist during cytokinesis. We also characterized the CHMP4C interactome in telophase cells and show that the centralspindlin complex associates preferentially with unphosphorylated CHMP4C in cytokinesis. Our findings indicate that gradual dephosphorylation of CHMP4C triggers a ‘relay’ mechanism between the CPC and centralspindlin that regulates the timely distribution and activation of CHMP4C for the execution of abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Capalbo
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Ioanna Mela
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Maria Alba Abad
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - A Arockia Jeyaprakash
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - J Michael Edwardson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Pier Paolo D'Avino
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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Bhutta MS, McInerny CJ, Gould GW. ESCRT function in cytokinesis: location, dynamics and regulation by mitotic kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21723-39. [PMID: 25429432 PMCID: PMC4284674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151221723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cytokinesis proceeds by constriction of an actomyosin ring and furrow ingression, resulting in the formation of the midbody bridge connecting two daughter cells. At the centre of the midbody resides the Flemming body, a dense proteinaceous ring surrounding the interlocking ends of anti-parallel microtubule arrays. Abscission, the terminal step of cytokinesis, occurs near the Flemming body. A series of broad processes govern abscission: the initiation and stabilisation of the abscission zone, followed by microtubule severing and membrane scission-The latter mediated by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins. A key goal of cell and developmental biologists is to develop a clear understanding of the mechanisms that underpin abscission, and how the spatiotemporal coordination of these events with previous stages in cell division is accomplished. This article will focus on the function and dynamics of the ESCRT proteins in abscission and will review recent work, which has begun to explore how these complex protein assemblies are regulated by the cell cycle machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musab S Bhutta
- Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Davidson Building, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Christopher J McInerny
- Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Davidson Building, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Gwyn W Gould
- Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Davidson Building, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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