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El Wanny N, Le Roux Y, Fournier A, Baroudi M, Woignier T, Feidt C, Delannoy M. Organochlorine POPs sequestration strategy by carbonaceous amendments of contaminated soils: Toward a better understanding of the transfer reduction to laying hens. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128871. [PMID: 35430457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PCBs, PCDD/Fs, and Chlordecone (CLD) are POPs found in soils and transferred to animals through involuntary soil ingestion. In this frame, the amendment of contaminated soil with porous matrices, like Biochars (BCs) and Activated Carbons (ACs), is a promising technique for reducing this transfer. In this study, the efficiency of 3 biochars and 3 activated carbons was assessed by amending 2% (by weight) of these matrices on (i) CLD or (ii) PCBs and PCDD/Fs contaminated artificial soils. Porosity of the carbon-based materials and molecules physico-chemical characteristics were then linked to the obtained results. The concentrations of pollutants were then measured in the egg yolks of laying hens (n = 3), which were fed on a daily basis pellets containing 10% of soil for 20 days. Overall, no significant transfer reduction was observed with the biochar and the granular AC amendments for all the compounds. However, significant reductions were obtained with the two efficient activated carbons for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCB up to 79-82% (TEQ basis), whereas only a slight reduction of concentrations was obtained with these activated carbons for CLD and NDL-PCBs. Thus, (i) biochars were not proven efficient to reduce halogenated pollutants transfer to animals, (ii) powdered AC amendments resulted in reducing the bioavailability of soil POPs, and (iii) the effectiveness of such strategy depended on both characteristics of the matrix and of the pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine El Wanny
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., BP 246 Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Yves Le Roux
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Moomen Baroudi
- Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., BP 246 Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Thierry Woignier
- UMR IMBE - Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université Campus, Lebanon
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Feidt C, El Wanny N, Ranguin R, Gaspard S, Baroudi M, Yacou C, Rychen G, Delannoy M. In vitro and in vivo assessment of a CLD sequestration strategy in Nitisol using contrasted carbonaceous materials. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:1911-1920. [PMID: 34686921 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone) (CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide formerly used in the French West Indies. High levels of this pesticide may be found in soils and constitute a subsequent source of contamination for outdoor-reared animals due to involuntary ingestion of consistent amounts of soil. In that context, carbonaceous materials may be used to amend soil to efficiently decrease the bioavailability of such organic pollutants. The present study aims to assess the efficiency of diverse amendments of a contaminated Guadeloupe nitisol using two physiologically based approaches. A set of 5 carbonaceous materials (ORBO, DARCO, Coco CO2, Oak P1.5, Sargasso biochar) was tested and used to amend Nitisol at 2% (mass basis). Bioaccessibility assessment was performed using the Ti-PBET assay (n = 4). The relative bioavailability part involved 24 piglets randomly distributed into 6 experimental groups (n = 4). All groups were exposed during 10 days to a contaminated soil, amended or not with carbon-based matrices. A significant decrease in relative bioaccessibility and CLD concentrations in liver were observed for all amended groups in comparison to the control group, with the exception of the biochar amended soil in the bioaccessibility assay (p < 0.05). Extent of this reduction varied from 22 to more than 82% depending on the carbonaceous matrix. This decrease was particularly important for the ORBO™ activated carbon for which bioaccessibility and relative bioavailability were found lower than 10% for both methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA , F-54000 , Nancy, France
| | - Nadine El Wanny
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA , F-54000 , Nancy, France
- Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E, Lebanese University, BP 246, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Ronald Ranguin
- Laboratoire COVACHIMM2E, EA 3592, Université des Antilles, BP 250, 97157, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe , France
| | - Sarra Gaspard
- Laboratoire COVACHIMM2E, EA 3592, Université des Antilles, BP 250, 97157, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe , France
| | - Moomen Baroudi
- Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E, Lebanese University, BP 246, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Christelle Yacou
- Laboratoire COVACHIMM2E, EA 3592, Université des Antilles, BP 250, 97157, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe , France
| | - Guido Rychen
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA , F-54000 , Nancy, France
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Moreno-Gambín MI, Tembl JI, Mazón M, Cañada-Martínez AJ, Martí-Bonmatí L, Sevilla T, Vázquez-Costa JF. Role of the nigrosome 1 absence as a biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2021; 269:1631-1640. [PMID: 34379200 PMCID: PMC8857168 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The absence of nigrosome 1 on brain MRI and the hyperechogenicity of substantia nigra (SNh) by transcranial sonography are two useful biomarkers in the diagnosis of parkinsonisms. We aimed to evaluate the absence of nigrosome 1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to address its meaning. METHODS 136 ALS patients were recruited, including 16 progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) and 22 primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) patients. The SNh area was measured planimetrically by standard protocols. The nigrosome 1 status was qualitatively assessed by two blind evaluators in susceptibility weight images of 3T MRI. Demographic and clinical data were collected and the C9ORF72 expansion was tested in all patients. RESULTS Nigrosome 1 was absent in 30% of ALS patients (36% of PLS, 29% of classical ALS and 19% of PMA patients). There was no relationship between radiological and clinical laterality, nor between nigrosome 1 and SNh area. Male sex (OR = 3.63 [1.51, 9.38], p = 0.005) and a higher upper motor neuron (UMN) score (OR = 1.10 [1.02, 1.2], p = 0.022) were independently associated to nigrosome 1 absence, which also was an independent marker of poor survival (HR = 1.79 [1.3, 2.8], p = 0.013). CONCLUSION In ALS patients, the absence of nigrosome 1 is associated with male sex, UMN impairment and shorter survival. This suggests that constitutional factors and the degree of pyramidal involvement are related to the substantia nigra involvement in ALS. Thus, nigrosome 1 could be a marker of a multisystem degeneration, which in turn associates to poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Moreno-Gambín
- Neurosonology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José I Tembl
- Neurosonology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Mazón
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Luis Martí-Bonmatí
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- ALS Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Vázquez-Costa
- ALS Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain. .,Neuromuscular Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Ranguin R, Jean-Marius C, Yacou C, Gaspard S, Feidt C, Rychen G, Delannoy M. Reduction of chlordecone environmental availability by soil amendment of biochars and activated carbons from lignocellulosic biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41093-41104. [PMID: 31975004 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (kepone or CLD) was formerly used in French West Indies as an insecticide. Despite its formal ban in 1993, high levels of this pesticide are still found in soils. As such, sequestering matrices like biochars or activated carbons (ACs) may successfully decrease the bioavailability of halogenated compounds like CLD when added to contaminated soils. The present study intends (i) to produce contrasted sequestering matrices in order to (ii) assess their respective efficiency to reduce CLD environmental availability. Hence, the work was designed following two experimental steps. The first one consisted at producing different sequestering media (biochars and ACs) via pyrolysis and distinct activation processes, using two lignocellulosic precursors (raw biomass): oak wood (Quercus ilex) and coconut shell (Cocos nucifera). The chemical activation was carried out with phosphoric acid while physical activation was done with carbon dioxide and steam. In the second step, the CLD environmental availability was assessed either in an OECD artificial soil or in an Antillean contaminated nitisol (i.e., 2.1-1μg CLD per g of soil dry matter, DM), both amended with 5 wt% of biochar or 5 wt% of AC. These both steps aim to determine CLD environmental availability reduction efficiency of these media when added (i) to a standard soil material or (ii) to a soil representative of the Antillean CLD contamination context. Textural characteristics of the derived coconut and oak biochars and ACs were determined by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Mixed microporous and mesoporous textures consisting of high pore volume (ranging from 0.38 cm3.g-1 to 2.00 cm3.g-1) and specific (BET) surface areas from 299.9 m2.g-1 to 1285.1 m2.g-1 were obtained. Overall, soil amendment with biochars did not limit CLD environmental availability (environmental availability assay ISO/DIS 16751 Part B). When soil was amended with ACs, a significant reduction of the environmental availability in both artificial and natural soils was observed. AC soil amendment resulted in a reduced CLD transfer by at least 65% (P < 0.001) for all lignocellulosic matrices (excepted for coconut sample activated with steam, which displayed a 47% reduction). These features confirm that both pore structure and extent of porosity are of particular importance in the retention process of CLD in aged soil. Owing to its adsorptive properties, AC amendment of CLD-contaminated soils appears as a promising approach to reduce the pollutant transfer to fauna and biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ranguin
- Laboratoire COVACHIMM, EA 3592, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Corine Jean-Marius
- Laboratoire COVACHIMM, EA 3592, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Christelle Yacou
- Laboratoire COVACHIMM, EA 3592, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Sarra Gaspard
- Laboratoire COVACHIMM, EA 3592, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, France.
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine-INRA (USC340), URAFPA, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guido Rychen
- Université de Lorraine-INRA (USC340), URAFPA, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Matthieu Delannoy
- Université de Lorraine-INRA (USC340), URAFPA, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Delannoy M, Techer D, Yehya S, Razafitianamaharavo A, Amutova F, Fournier A, Baroudi M, Montarges-Pelletier E, Rychen G, Feidt C. Evaluation of two contrasted activated carbon-based sequestration strategies to reduce soil-bound chlordecone bioavailability in piglets. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41023-41032. [PMID: 31786765 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone) (CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide formerly used in the French West Indies. High levels of this pesticide are still found in soils and represent a subsequent source of contamination for outdoor-reared animals which may ingest involuntary non negligible amounts of soil. In that context, sequestering matrices like activated carbons (ACs) may be used to efficiently decrease the bioavailability of such organic pollutants. The present study intends to assess the respective efficiency of two sequestering strategies where two different ACs were provided either via feed incorporation or via soil amendment. This study involved 20 piglets randomly distributed into 5 experimental groups (4 replicates). All groups were exposed to 10 μg of CLD per kg of BW per day during 10 days via a contaminated soil. In both "Soil-ACs" treatment groups, the contaminated soil was amended by 2% (mass basis) of one of the two ACs. The two "Feed-ACs" groups received the contaminated soil and one dough ball containing 0.5% (mass basis) of one of the ACs. The piglets were then euthanized before collection of pericaudal adipose tissue and the whole liver and CLD analysis. A significant decrease of CLD concentrations in liver and adipose tissue was observed only in the "Soil-ACs" groups in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001). This decrease was particularly important for the coconut shell activated carbon where relative bioavailability was found lower than 1.8% for both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Delannoy
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Didier Techer
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sarah Yehya
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., Lebanese University, Tripoli, BP, 246, Lebanon
| | - Angelina Razafitianamaharavo
- CNRS, LIEC UMR7360, 15 avenue du Charmois, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-, Nancy, France
- LIEC UMR7360, Université de Lorraine, 15 avenue du Charmois, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Farida Amutova
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty, 050040, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Agnès Fournier
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Moumen Baroudi
- Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., Lebanese University, Tripoli, BP, 246, Lebanon
| | - Emmanuelle Montarges-Pelletier
- CNRS, LIEC UMR7360, 15 avenue du Charmois, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-, Nancy, France
- LIEC UMR7360, Université de Lorraine, 15 avenue du Charmois, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guido Rychen
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Starr JM, Li W, Graham SE, Shen H, Waldron F. Is food type important for in vitro post ingestion bioaccessibility models of polychlorinated biphenyls sorbed to soil? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135421. [PMID: 31806324 PMCID: PMC7051099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soils are sorbents for many organic compounds and children consume relatively large amounts of soil. To improve the estimated health risks from this exposure pathway, we examined the role of co-ingested foods in determining the post-ingestion bioaccessibility (mobilization) of 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) sorbed to 10 characterized soils. The bioaccessibility test system (DIN 19738, 2004) was an in vitro, 3-compartment, digestive tract containing salts, protein, and bile. Each soil was fortified with PCBs, then, digestive fluids appropriate to each compartment, were added sequentially. Next, digestive fluid and soil were seperated and PCB concentrations in both media were measured. This complete test system was then reduced to assess contributions of individual endogenous digestive fluid constituents (water, salts, pancreatin, bile, and mucin) and representative foods: protein (bovine serum albumin (BSA)), sugar (glucose), and fat (oleic acid). Then, the influence of increasing concentrations of BSA, glucose, and oleic acid was evaluated (individually) complete test systems. In a subset of the samples, solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used to measure freely dissolved PCBs. Across all treatments, percent soil organic carbon was the most influential bioaccessibility determinant, accounting for ≥87% of the explained variation. When evaluated individually, pancreatin, mucin, BSA, bile, and oleic acid each effectively increased PCB bioaccessibility and reduced freely dissolved PCB concentrations. This suggests competitive sorption of PCBs by organic constituents of the digestive constituents. Without sink material, intra-PCB mobilization differences were observed as freely dissolved PCB concentrations inversely correlated (p < 0.05) with their respective log Kow's. When added to the complete digestive fluid, increasing oleic acid mass increased PCB bioaccessibility (p < 0.05), while adding more BSA or glucose did not (p > 0.05). This indicates that fat intake may be the sole consideration needed when modeling dietary contributions to bioaccessibility of soil sorbed PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Starr
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Weiwei Li
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Stephen E Graham
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Haitao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, 310051 Hangzhou, China
| | - Faith Waldron
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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7
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Shen H, Li W, Graham SE, Starr JM. The role of soil and house dust physicochemical properties in determining the post ingestion bioaccessibility of sorbed polychlorinated biphenyls. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:1-8. [PMID: 30391787 PMCID: PMC6529950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of soils and house dusts is an important pathway for children's exposure to sorbed organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). To reduce the uncertainty of the exposure estimates, it is important to understand the extent to which chemicals desorb and become bioaccessible following ingestion. In this study we use a three compartment in vitro digestive system to model the role of soil and house dust physicochemical properties on the post ingestion bioaccessibility of PCBs. Matched pairs (n = 37) of soil and dust were characterized for percent carbon and nitrogen, pH, moisture content, and particle size distribution. They were then fortified with a mixture of 18 PCBs and processed through the assay. The percent bioaccessibility of each PCB was calculated, then modeled using individual PCB log Kow values and the soil and dust properties. The bioaccessibility of the PCBs in soil (x̄ = 65 ± 16%) was greater (p < 0.001) than that of the PCBs in house dust (x̄ = 36 ± 14%). In the soil model, carbon was the sole statistically significant predictive (p ≤ 0.05) variable, while in house dust, both carbon and clay content were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Stephen E Graham
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Protection Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - James M Starr
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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8
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Delannoy M, Yehya S, Techer D, Razafitianamaharavo A, Richard A, Caria G, Baroudi M, Montargès-Pelletier E, Rychen G, Feidt C. Amendment of soil by biochars and activated carbons to reduce chlordecone bioavailability in piglets. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:486-494. [PMID: 30025366 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone or CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide formerly used in French West Indies. Nowadays high levels of this pesticide are still found in soils which represent a subsequent source of contamination for outdoor-reared animals. In that context, sequestering matrices like biochars or activated carbons (ACs) are believed to efficiently decrease the bioavailability of such compounds when added to contaminated soils. The present study intends to test the respective efficiency of soil amendment strategies using commercial ACs or biochars (obtained by a 500 °C or 700 °C pyrolysis of 4 distinct type of wood). This study involved three experimental steps. The first one characterized specific surface areas of biochars and ACs. The second one assessed CLD-availability of contaminated artificial soils (50 μg g-1 of Dry Matter) amended with 5% of biochar or AC (mass basis). The third one assessed CLD bioavailability of those artificial soils through an in vivo assay. To limit ethically the number of animals, selections of the most promising media were performed between each experimental steps. Forty four castrated male 40-day-old piglets were exposed during 10 day by amended artificial soils according to their group (n = 4). Only treatment groups exposed through amended soil with AC presented a significant decrease of concentrations of CLD in liver and adipose tissue in comparison with the control group (p < 0.001). A non-significant decrease was obtained by amending artificial soil with biochars. This decrease was particularly high for a coconut shell activated carbon were relative bioavailability was found lower than 3.2% for both tissues. This study leads to conclude that AC introduced in CLD contaminated soil should strongly reduce CLD bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Delannoy
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France.
| | - S Yehya
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France; Department of Health and Environment, Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health Section III, Laboratory of Water and Environmental Sciences, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - D Techer
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - A Razafitianamaharavo
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 15 Avenue du Charmois, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - A Richard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux UMR 7360 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, France
| | - G Caria
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux UMR 7360 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, France
| | - M Baroudi
- Department of Health and Environment, Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health Section III, Laboratory of Water and Environmental Sciences, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - E Montargès-Pelletier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 15 Avenue du Charmois, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - G Rychen
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - C Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
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Raffy G, Mercier F, Glorennec P, Mandin C, Le Bot B. Oral bioaccessibility of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in settled dust: A review of measurement methods, data and influencing factors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 352:215-227. [PMID: 29621676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), suspected of reprotoxic, neurotoxic or carcinogenic effects, were measured in indoor settled dust. Dust ingestion is a non-negligible pathway of exposure to some of these SVOCs, and an accurate knowledge of the real exposure is necessary for a better evaluation of health risks. To this end, the bioaccessibility of SVOCs in dust needs to be considered. In the present work, bioaccessibility measurement methods, SVOCs' oral bioaccessibility data and influencing factors were reviewed. SVOC bioaccessibilities (%) ranged from 11 to 94, 8 to 100, 3 to 92, 1 to 81, 6 to 52, and 2 to 17, for brominated flame retardants, organophosphorus flame retardants, polychlorobiphenyls, phthalates, pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively. Measurements method produced varying results depending on the inclusion of food and/or sink in the model. Characteristics of dust, e.g., organic matter content and particle size, also influenced bioaccessibility data. Last, results were influenced by SVOC properties, such as octanol/water partition coefficient and migration pathway into dust. Factors related to dust and SVOCs could be used in prediction models. To this end, more bioaccessibility studies covering more substances should be performed, using methods that are harmonized and validated by comparison to in-vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Raffy
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Fabien Mercier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Glorennec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Corinne Mandin
- Université Paris Est, CSTB - Scientific and Technical Center for Building, OQAI - French Indoor Air Quality Observatory, 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès Champs-sur-Marne 77447 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F 35000, Rennes, France
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Yehya S, Delannoy M, Fournier A, Baroudi M, Rychen G, Feidt C. Activated carbon, a useful medium to bind chlordecone in soil and limit its transfer to growing goat kids. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179548. [PMID: 28723966 PMCID: PMC5516976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone) (CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide which was extensively used in the French West Indies; high levels of CLD can still currently be found in large agricultural areas. As CLD transfers from soil to animals mainly via involuntary ingestion, the consumption of foodstuffs derived from animals raised in contaminated areas may significantly contribute to exposure of humans to CLD. The present study was designed to test the efficacy of two different activated carbons (ACs) sources in limiting CLD transfer from soil to animal. Three soils (ASs) were prepared according to the OECD guideline 207. One standard soil (SS) lacking AC, and two modified preparations of SS supplemented with 2% coconut-based activated carbon (ORBO), SSO or with 2% lignite-based one (DARCO), SSD. All three soils were spiked with 10 μg of kepone per g of dry matter and aged for three weeks. This study involved 15 goat kids randomly assigned to the 3 experimental groups (n = 5/group), which were fed the experimental matrices at an exposure dose of 10 μg CLD per kg of body weight per day. After 21 d of oral exposure, CLD in adipose tissue and liver were analysed by LC-MS-MS. A significant decrease of 63.7% and 74.7% of CLD concentrations in adipose tissue and liver, respectively, were obtained from animals exposed using SS containing DARCO as compared to those receiving only SS. Decreases in CLD levels of 98.2% (adipose tissue) and 98.7% (liver) were obtained for animals exposed using SS containing ORBO. This study leads us to conclude that (i) the presence of AC in CLD-contaminated soil strongly reduces CLD bioavailability, and (ii) the efficacy depends on the nature and characteristics of the AC used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Yehya
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Lebanese University–Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Matthieu Delannoy
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Moomen Baroudi
- Lebanese University–Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Guido Rychen
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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