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Velasco‐Carneros L, Bernardo‐Seisdedos G, Maréchal J, Millet O, Moro F, Muga A. Pseudophosphorylation of single residues of the J-domain of DNAJA2 regulates the holding/folding balance of the Hsc70 system. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5105. [PMID: 39012012 PMCID: PMC11249846 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The Hsp70 system is essential for maintaining protein homeostasis and comprises a central Hsp70 and two accessory proteins that belong to the J-domain protein (JDP) and nucleotide exchange factor families. Posttranslational modifications offer a means to tune the activity of the system. We explore how phosphorylation of specific residues of the J-domain of DNAJA2, a class A JDP, regulates Hsc70 activity using biochemical and structural approaches. Among these residues, we find that pseudophosphorylation of Y10 and S51 enhances the holding/folding balance of the Hsp70 system, reducing cochaperone collaboration with Hsc70 while maintaining the holding capacity. Truly phosphorylated J domains corroborate phosphomimetic variant effects. Notably, distinct mechanisms underlie functional impacts of these DNAJA2 variants. Pseudophosphorylation of Y10 induces partial disordering of the J domain, whereas the S51E substitution weakens essential DNAJA2-Hsc70 interactions without a large structural reorganization of the protein. S51 phosphorylation might be class-specific, as all cytosolic class A human JDPs harbor a phosphorylatable residue at this position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Velasco‐Carneros
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of Basque CountryLeioaSpain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Ganeko Bernardo‐Seisdedos
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism LabCIC bioGUNEDerioSpain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of DeustoBilbaoSpain
| | - Jean‐Didier Maréchal
- Insilichem, Departament de QuímicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Bellaterra (Barcelona)Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism LabCIC bioGUNEDerioSpain
| | - Fernando Moro
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of Basque CountryLeioaSpain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Arturo Muga
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of Basque CountryLeioaSpain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
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2
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Villalobo A. Ca 2+ Signaling and Src Functions in Tumor Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1739. [PMID: 38136610 PMCID: PMC10741856 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling by calcium ion (Ca2+) plays a prominent role in cell physiology, and these mechanisms are frequently altered in tumor cells. In this review, we consider the interplay of Ca2+ signaling and the functions of the proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src in tumor cells, and the viral oncogenic variant v-Src in transformed cells. Also, other members of the Src-family kinases are considered in this context. The role of Ca2+ in the cell is frequently mediated by Ca2+-binding proteins, where the Ca2+-sensor protein calmodulin (CaM) plays a prominent, essential role in many cellular signaling pathways. Thus, we cover the available information on the role and direct interaction of CaM with c-Src and v-Src in cancerous cells, the phosphorylation of CaM by v-Src/c-Src, and the actions of different CaM-regulated Ser/Thr-protein kinases and the CaM-dependent phosphatase calcineurin on v-Src/c-Src. Finally, we mention some clinical implications of these systems to identify mechanisms that could be targeted for the therapeutic treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Villalobo
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics Area-Oto-Neurosurgery Research Group, University Hospital La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, E-28046 Madrid, Spain
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Further Evidence of the Melatonin Calmodulin Interaction: Effect on CaMKII Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052479. [PMID: 35269623 PMCID: PMC8910589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) is a pleiotropic indolamine that reaches multiple intracellular targets. Among these, MEL binds to calmodulin (CaM) with high affinity. In presence of Ca2+, CaM binds to CaM-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). The Ca2+-CaM/CaMKII pathway regulates a myriad of brain functions in different cellular compartments. Evidence showing the regulation of this cellular pathway by MEL is scarce. Thus, our main objective was to study the interaction of MEL with CaM and its effects on CaMKII activity in two microenvironments (aqueous and lipidic) naturally occurring within the cell. In addition, colocalization of MEL with CaM in vivo was explored in mice brain hippocampus. In vitro CaM-MEL interaction and the structural conformations of CaM in the presence of this indoleamine were assessed through electrophoretic mobility and isoelectric point. The functional consequence of this interaction was evaluated by measuring CaMKII activity. Ca2+-CaM-MEL increased the activity of CaMKII in aqueous buffer but reduced the kinase activity in lipid buffer. Importantly, MEL colocalizes in vivo with Ca2+-CaM in the hippocampus. Our evidence suggests that MEL regulates the key cellular Ca2+-CaM/CaMKII pathway and might explain why physiological MEL concentrations reduce CaMKII activity in some experimental conditions, while in others it drives biological processes through activation of this kinase.
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Hardy KD, Dickenson NE. Phosphomimetic Tyrosine Mutations in Spa47 Inhibit Type Three Secretion ATPase Activity and Shigella Virulence Phenotype. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020202. [PMID: 35215145 PMCID: PMC8876561 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella is a highly infectious human pathogen responsible for 269 million infections and 200,000 deaths per year. Shigella virulence is absolutely reliant on the injection of effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm via its type three secretion system (T3SS). The protein Spa47 is a T3SS ATPase whose activity is essential for the proper function of the Shigella T3SS needle-like apparatus through which effectors are secreted. A phosphoproteomics study recently found several Shigella T3SS proteins, including Spa47, to be tyrosine phosphorylated, suggesting a means of regulating Spa47 enzymatic activity, T3SS function, and overall Shigella virulence. The work presented here employs phosphomimetic mutations in Spa47 to probe the effects of phosphorylation at these targeted tyrosines through in vitro radiometric ATPase assays and circular dichroism as well as in vivo characterization of T3SS secretion activity, erythrocyte hemolysis, and cellular invasion. Results presented here demonstrate a direct correlation between Spa47 tyrosine phosphorylation state, Spa47 ATPase activity, T3SS function, and Shigella virulence. Together, these findings provide a strong foundation that leads the way to uncovering the specific pathway(s) that Shigella employ to mitigate wasteful ATP hydrolysis and effector protein secretion when not required as well as T3SS activation in preparation for host infection and immune evasion.
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Pérez-Mejías G, Velázquez-Cruz A, Guerra-Castellano A, Baños-Jaime B, Díaz-Quintana A, González-Arzola K, Ángel De la Rosa M, Díaz-Moreno I. Exploring protein phosphorylation by combining computational approaches and biochemical methods. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1852-1863. [PMID: 32728408 PMCID: PMC7369424 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of proteins expand their functional diversity, regulating the response of cells to a variety of stimuli. Among these modifications, phosphorylation is the most ubiquitous and plays a prominent role in cell signaling. The addition of a phosphate often affects the function of a protein by altering its structure and dynamics. However, these alterations are often difficult to study and the functional and structural implications remain unresolved. New approaches are emerging to overcome common obstacles related to the production and manipulation of these samples. Here, we summarize the available methods for phosphoprotein purification and phosphomimetic engineering, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each. We propose a general workflow for protein phosphorylation analysis combining computational and biochemical approaches, building on recent advances that enable user-friendly and easy-to-access Molecular Dynamics simulations. We hope this innovative workflow will inform the best experimental approach to explore such post-translational modifications. We have applied this workflow to two different human protein models: the hemeprotein cytochrome c and the RNA binding protein HuR. Our results illustrate the usefulness of Molecular Dynamics as a decision-making tool to design the most appropriate phosphomimetic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Pérez-Mejías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Alejandro Velázquez-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Alejandra Guerra-Castellano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Blanca Baños-Jaime
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Katiuska González-Arzola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel De la Rosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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Grb7-derived calmodulin-binding peptides inhibit proliferation, migration and invasiveness of tumor cells while they enhance attachment to the substrate. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03922. [PMID: 32420488 PMCID: PMC7215194 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth factor receptor bound protein 7 (Grb7) is a Ca2+-dependent calmodulin (CaM)-binding adaptor protein implicated, among other functions, in cell proliferation, migration and tumor-associated angiogenesis. The goal of this study was to determine whether a peptide based on the CaM binding site of Grb7 disrupts cellular processes, relevant for the malignancy of tumor cells, in which this adaptor protein is implicated. We designed synthetic myristoylated and non-myristoylated peptides corresponding to the CaM-binding domain of human Grb7 with the sequence 243RKLWKRFFCFLRRS256 and a variant peptide with the mutated sequence RKLERFFCFLRRE (W246E-ΔK247-S256E). The two non-myristoylated peptides bind dansyl-CaM with higher efficiency in the presence than in the absence of Ca2+ and they enter into the cell, as tested with 5(6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)-labeled peptides. The myristoylated and non-myristoylated peptides inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of A431 tumor cells while they enhance their adhesion to the substrate. The myristoylated peptides have stronger inhibitory effect than the non-myristoylated counterparts, in agreement with their expected higher cell-permeant capacity. The myristoylated and non-myristoylated W246E-ΔK247-S256E mutant peptide has a lesser inhibitory effect on cell proliferation as compared to the wild-type peptide. We also demonstrated that the myristoylated peptides were more efficient than the CaM antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) inhibiting cell migration and equally efficient inhibiting cell proliferation.
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Held MA, Greenfest-Allen E, Jachimowicz E, Stoeckert CJ, Stokes MP, Wood AW, Wojchowski DM. Phospho-proteomic discovery of novel signal transducers including thioredoxin-interacting protein as mediators of erythropoietin-dependent human erythropoiesis. Exp Hematol 2020; 84:29-44. [PMID: 32259549 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Erythroid cell formation critically depends on signals transduced via erythropoietin (EPO)/EPO receptor (EPOR)/JAK2 complexes. This includes not only core response modules (e.g., JAK2/STAT5, RAS/MEK/ERK), but also specialized effectors (e.g., erythroferrone, ASCT2 glutamine transport, Spi2A). By using phospho-proteomics and a human erythroblastic cell model, we identify 121 new EPO target proteins, together with their EPO-modulated domains and phosphosites. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment for "Molecular Function" identified adaptor proteins as one top EPO target category. This includes a novel EPOR/JAK2-coupled network of actin assemblage modifiers, with adaptors DLG-1, DLG-3, WAS, WASL, and CD2AP as prime components. "Cellular Component" GO analysis further identified 19 new EPO-modulated cytoskeletal targets including the erythroid cytoskeletal targets spectrin A, spectrin B, adducin 2, and glycophorin C. In each, EPO-induced phosphorylation occurred at pY sites and subdomains, which suggests coordinated regulation by EPO of the erythroid cytoskeleton. GO analysis of "Biological Processes" further revealed metabolic regulators as a likewise unexpected EPO target set. Targets included aldolase A, pyruvate dehydrogenase α1, and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), with EPO-modulated p-Y sites in each occurring within functional subdomains. In TXNIP, EPO-induced phosphorylation occurred at novel p-T349 and p-S358 sites, and was paralleled by rapid increases in TXNIP levels. In UT7epo-E and primary human stem cell (HSC)-derived erythroid progenitor cells, lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA knockdown studies revealed novel pro-erythropoietic roles for TXNIP. Specifically, TXNIP's knockdown sharply inhibited c-KIT expression; compromised EPO dose-dependent erythroblast proliferation and survival; and delayed late-stage erythroblast formation. Overall, new insight is provided into EPO's diverse action mechanisms and TXNIP's contributions to EPO-dependent human erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Held
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH
| | | | - Edward Jachimowicz
- Molecular Medicine Department, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME
| | | | | | | | - Don M Wojchowski
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH.
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Drobot B, Schmidt M, Mochizuki Y, Abe T, Okuwaki K, Brulfert F, Falke S, Samsonov SA, Komeiji Y, Betzel C, Stumpf T, Raff J, Tsushima S. Cm3+/Eu3+induced structural, mechanistic and functional implications for calmodulin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21213-21222. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03750k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Trivalent lanthanide and actinide can strongly bind to calmodulin (CaM). The global structure of Ln/An-bound CaM were found to be similar to Ca-CaM but the local environment around Ln/An is distorted giving less structural rigidity to Ln/An-CaM.
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9
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The multifunctional role of phospho-calmodulin in pathophysiological processes. Biochem J 2018; 475:4011-4023. [PMID: 30578290 PMCID: PMC6305829 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a versatile Ca2+-sensor/transducer protein that modulates hundreds of enzymes, channels, transport systems, transcription factors, adaptors and other structural proteins, controlling in this manner multiple cellular functions. In addition to its capacity to regulate target proteins in a Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent manner, the posttranslational phosphorylation of CaM by diverse Ser/Thr- and Tyr-protein kinases has been recognized as an important additional manner to regulate this protein by fine-tuning its functionality. In this review, we shall cover developments done in recent years in which phospho-CaM has been implicated in signalling pathways that are relevant for the onset and progression of diverse pathophysiological processes. These include diverse systems playing a major role in carcinogenesis and tumour development, prion-induced encephalopathies and brain hypoxia, melatonin-regulated neuroendocrine disorders, hypertension, and heavy metal-induced cell toxicity.
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Nussinov R, Zhang M, Tsai CJ, Jang H. Calmodulin and IQGAP1 activation of PI3Kα and Akt in KRAS, HRAS and NRAS-driven cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2304-2314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Perricone U, Gulotta MR, Lombino J, Parrino B, Cascioferro S, Diana P, Cirrincione G, Padova A. An overview of recent molecular dynamics applications as medicinal chemistry tools for the undruggable site challenge. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:920-936. [PMID: 30108981 PMCID: PMC6072422 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) has become increasingly popular due to the development of hardware and software solutions and the improvement in algorithms, which allowed researchers to scale up calculations in order to speed them up. MD simulations are usually used to address protein folding issues or protein-ligand complex stability through energy profile analysis over time. In recent years, the development of new tools able to deeply explore a potential energy surface (PES) has allowed researchers to focus on the dynamic nature of the binding recognition process and binding-induced protein conformational changes. Moreover, modern approaches have been demonstrated to be effective and reliable in calculating some kinetic and thermodynamic parameters behind the host-guest recognition process. Starting from all of these considerations, several efforts have been made in order to integrate MD within the virtual screening process in drug discovery. Knowledge retrieved from MD can, in fact, be exploited as a starting point to build pharmacophores or docking constraints in the early stage of the screening campaign as well as to define key features, in order to unravel hidden binding modes and help the optimisation of the molecular structure of a lead compound. Based on these outcomes, researchers are nowadays using MD as an invaluable tool to discover and target previously considered undruggable binding sites, including protein-protein interactions and allosteric sites on a protein surface. As a matter of fact, the use of MD has been recognised as vital to the discovery of selective protein-protein interaction modulators. The use of a dynamic overview on how the host-guest recognition occurs and of the relative conformational modifications induced allows researchers to optimise small molecules and small peptides capable of tightly interacting within the cleft between two proteins. In this review, we aim to present the most recent applications of MD as an integrated tool to be used in the rational design of small molecules or small peptides able to modulate undruggable targets, such as allosteric sites and protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Perricone
- Computational and Medicinal Chemistry Group , Fondazione Ri.MED , Via Bandiera 11 , 90133 Palermo , Italy .
| | - Maria Rita Gulotta
- Computational and Medicinal Chemistry Group , Fondazione Ri.MED , Via Bandiera 11 , 90133 Palermo , Italy .
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Jessica Lombino
- Computational and Medicinal Chemistry Group , Fondazione Ri.MED , Via Bandiera 11 , 90133 Palermo , Italy .
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Alessandro Padova
- Computational and Medicinal Chemistry Group , Fondazione Ri.MED , Via Bandiera 11 , 90133 Palermo , Italy .
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Abstract
Genetic code expansion is commonly used to introduce bioorthogonal reactive functional groups onto proteins for labeling. In recent years, the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction between tetrazines and strained trans-cyclooctenes has increased in popularity as a bioorthogonal ligation for protein labeling due to its fast reaction rate and high in vivo stability. We provide methods for the facile synthesis of a tetrazine containing amino acid, Tet-v2.0, and the site-specific incorporation of Tet-v2.0 into proteins via genetic code expansion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that proteins containing Tet-v2.0 can be quickly and efficiently reacted with strained alkene labels at low concentrations. This chemistry has enabled the labeling of protein surfaces with fluorophores, inhibitors, or common posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation or lipidation.
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Wang N, Zhong X, Song X, Gu X, Lai W, Xie Y, Peng X, Yang G. Molecular and biochemical characterization of calmodulin from Echinococcus granulosus. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:597. [PMID: 29202858 PMCID: PMC5716380 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinococcus granulosus is a harmful cestode parasite that causes cystic echinococcosis in humans as well as various livestock species and wild animals. Calmodulin (CaM), a Ca2+ sensor protein, is widely expressed in eukaryotes and mediates a variety of cellular signaling activities. Methods In the present study, the cDNA encoding CaM in Echinococcus granulosus (rEgCaM) was successfully cloned and the molecular and biochemical characterizations carried out. The antigenicity and immunoreactivity of rEgCaM was detected and the preliminary enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based serodiagnostic potential of EgCaM was assessed. The locations of this protein in the adult worm and larval stage, and the mRNA expression in different states of E. granulosus protoscoleces (PSCs) were defined clearly. Moreover, the Ca2+-binding properties of EgCaM were measured. Results rEgCaM is a highly conserved calcium-binding protein, consisting of 149 amino acids. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that rEgCaM could be identified using E. granulosus infected sheep serum. The use of rEgCaM as an antigen was evaluated by indirect ELISA which exhibited a high sensitivity (90.3%), but low specificity (47.1%). rEgCaM was ubiquitously expressed in protoscoleces and adults of E. granulosus, as well as in the germinal layer of the cyst wall. The mRNA expression level of rEgCaM was increased from the start of H2O2 exposure and then gradually decreased because of the increased apoptosis of PSCs. In electrophoretic mobility tests and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid assays, rEgCaM showed a typical characteristic of a calcium-binding protein. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report on CaM from E. granulosus and rEgCaM is likely to be involved in some important biological function of E. granulosus as a calcium-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xingju Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Chan JV, Ping Koh DX, Liu Y, Joseph TL, Lane DP, Verma CS, Tan YS. Role of the N-terminal lid in regulating the interaction of phosphorylated MDMX with p53. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112825-112840. [PMID: 29348869 PMCID: PMC5762554 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine double minute 4 protein (MDMX) is crucial for the regulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Phosphorylation of the N-terminal domain of MDMX is thought to affect its binding with the transactivation domain of p53, thus playing a role in p53 regulation. In this study, the effects of MDMX phosphorylation on the binding of p53 were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that in addition to the previously proposed mechanism in which phosphorylated Y99 of MDMX inhibits p53 binding through steric clash with P27 of p53, the N-terminal lid of MDMX also appears to play an important role in regulating the phosphorylation-dependent interactions between MDMX and p53. In the proposed mechanism, phosphorylated Y99 aids in pulling the lid into the p53-binding pocket, thus inhibiting the binding between MDMX and p53. Rebinding of p53 appears to be facilitated by the subsequent phosphorylation of Y55, which draws the lid away from the binding pocket by electrostatic attraction of the lid's positively charged N-terminus. The ability to target these mechanisms for the proper regulation of p53 could have important implications for understanding cancer biology and for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Vin Chan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Dawn Xin Ping Koh
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Yun Liu
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Thomas L Joseph
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - David P Lane
- p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yaw Sing Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
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15
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Zhang M, Jang H, Gaponenko V, Nussinov R. Phosphorylated Calmodulin Promotes PI3K Activation by Binding to the SH 2 Domains. Biophys J 2017; 113:1956-1967. [PMID: 29117520 PMCID: PMC5685777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
How calmodulin (CaM) acts in KRAS-driven cancers is a vastly important question. CaM binds to and stimulates PI3Kα/Akt signaling, promoting cell growth and proliferation. Phosphorylation of CaM at Tyr99 (pY99) enhances PI3Kα activation. PI3Kα is a lipid kinase. It phosphorylates PIP2 to produce PIP3, to which Akt binds. PI3Kα has two subunits: the regulatory p85 and the catalytic p110. Here, exploiting explicit-solvent MD simulations we unveil key interactions between phosphorylated CaM (pCaM) and the two SH2 domains in the p85 subunit, confirm experimental observations, and uncover PI3Kα's mechanism of activation. pCaMs form strong and stable interactions with both nSH2 and cSH2 domains, with pY99 being the dominant contributor. Despite the high structural similarity between the two SH2 domains, we observe that nSH2 prefers an extended CaM conformation, whereas cSH2 prefers a collapsed conformation. Notably, collapsed CaM is observed after binding of an extended CaM to K-Ras4B. Thus, the more populated extended pCaM conformation targets nSH2 to release its autoinhibition of p110 catalytic sites. This executes the key activation step of PI3Kα. Independently, K-Ras4B allosterically activates p110. These events are at the cell membrane, which contributes to tighten the PI3Kα Ras binding domain/K-Ras4B interaction, to accomplish K-Ras4B allosteric activation, with a minor contribution from cSH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Zhang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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16
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Nussinov R, Wang G, Tsai CJ, Jang H, Lu S, Banerjee A, Zhang J, Gaponenko V. Calmodulin and PI3K Signaling in KRAS Cancers. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:214-224. [PMID: 28462395 PMCID: PMC5408465 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) uniquely promotes signaling of oncogenic K-Ras; but not N-Ras or H-Ras. How CaM interacts with K-Ras and how this stimulates cell proliferation are among the most challenging questions in KRAS-driven cancers. Earlier data pointed to formation of a ternary complex consisting of K-Ras, PI3Kα and CaM. Recent data point to phosphorylated CaM binding to the SH2 domains of the p85 subunit of PI3Kα and activating it. Modeling suggests that the high affinity interaction between the phosphorylated CaM tyrosine motif and PI3Kα, can promote full PI3Kα activation by oncogenic K-Ras. Our up-to-date review discusses CaM's role in PI3K signaling at the membrane in KRAS-driven cancers. This is significant since it may help development of K-Ras-specific pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U.S.A
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Guanqiao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U.S.A
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U.S.A
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Avik Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60607, U.S.A
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60607, U.S.A
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17
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Anguita E, Villalobo A. Src-family tyrosine kinases and the Ca 2+ signal. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:915-932. [PMID: 27818271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we shall describe the rich crosstalk between non-receptor Src-family kinases (SFKs) and the Ca2+ transient generated in activated cells by a variety of extracellular and intracellular stimuli, resulting in diverse signaling events. The exchange of information between SFKs and Ca2+ is reciprocal, as it flows in both directions. These kinases are main actors in pathways leading to the generation of the Ca2+ signal, and reciprocally, the Ca2+ signal modulates SFKs activity and functions. We will cover how SFKs participate in the generation of the cytosolic Ca2+ rise upon activation of a series of receptors and the mechanism of clearance of this Ca2+ signal. The role of SFKs modulating Ca2+-translocating channels participating in these events will be amply discussed. Finally, the role of the Ca2+ sensor protein calmodulin on the activity of c-Src, and potentially on other SFKs, will be outlined as well. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: ECS Meeting edited by Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs and Jacques Haiech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Anguita
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Villalobo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Arif A, Jia J, Halawani D, Fox PL. Experimental approaches for investigation of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase phosphorylation. Methods 2016; 113:72-82. [PMID: 27729295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of many aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (AARSs) has been recognized for decades, but the contribution of post-translational modification to their primary role in tRNA charging and decryption of genetic code remains unclear. In contrast, phosphorylation is essential for performance of diverse noncanonical functions of AARSs unrelated to protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthetase (EPRS) has been investigated extensively in our laboratory for more than a decade, and has served as an archetype for studies of other AARSs. EPRS is a constituent of the IFN-γ-activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT) complex that directs transcript-selective translational control in myeloid cells. Stimulus-dependent phosphorylation of EPRS is essential for its release from the parental multi-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), for binding to other GAIT complex proteins, and for regulating the binding to target mRNAs. Importantly, phosphorylation is the common driving force for the context- and stimulus-dependent release, and non-canonical activity, of other AARSs residing in the MSC, for example, lysyl tRNA synthetase (KARS). Here, we describe the concepts and experimental methodologies we have used to investigate the influence of phosphorylation on the structure and function of EPRS. We suggest that application of these approaches will help to identify new functional phosphorylation event(s) in other AARSs and elucidate their possible roles in noncanonical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Arif
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Dalia Halawani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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19
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Albini E, Rosini V, Gargaro M, Mondanelli G, Belladonna ML, Pallotta MT, Volpi C, Fallarino F, Macchiarulo A, Antognelli C, Bianchi R, Vacca C, Puccetti P, Grohmann U, Orabona C. Distinct roles of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based motifs in immunosuppressive indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:165-176. [PMID: 27696702 PMCID: PMC5192792 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyses the initial, rate‐limiting step in tryptophan (Trp) degradation, resulting in tryptophan starvation and the production of immunoregulatory kynurenines. IDO1's catalytic function has long been considered as the one mechanism responsible for IDO1‐dependent immune suppression by dendritic cells (DCs), which are master regulators of the balance between immunity and tolerance. However, IDO1 also harbours immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibitory motifs, (ITIM1 and ITIM2), that, once phosphorylated, bind protein tyrosine phosphatases, (SHP‐1 and SHP‐2), and thus trigger an immunoregulatory signalling in DCs. This mechanism leads to sustained IDO1 expression, in a feedforward loop, which is particularly important in restraining autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. Yet, under specific conditions requiring that early and protective inflammation be unrelieved, tyrosine‐phosphorylated ITIMs will instead bind the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3), which drives IDO1 proteasomal degradation and shortens the enzyme half‐life. To dissect any differential roles of the two IDO1's ITIMs, we generated protein mutants by replacing one or both ITIM‐associated tyrosines with phospho‐mimicking glutamic acid residues. Although all mutants lost their enzymic activity, the ITIM1 – but not ITIM2 mutant – did bind SHPs and conferred immunosuppressive effects on DCs, making cells capable of restraining an antigen‐specific response in vivo. Conversely, the ITIM2 mutant would preferentially bind SOCS3, and IDO1's degradation was accelerated. Thus, it is the selective phosphorylation of either ITIM that controls the duration of IDO1 expression and function, in that it dictates whether enhanced tolerogenic signalling or shutdown of IDO1‐dependent events will occur in a local microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Albini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Verdiana Rosini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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20
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Astegno A, La Verde V, Marino V, Dell'Orco D, Dominici P. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of a plant calmodulin: Role of the N- and C-lobes in calcium binding, conformational change, and target interaction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1864:297-307. [PMID: 26708477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In plants, transient elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in response to abiotic stress is responsible for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activation via association with calmodulin (CaM), an EF-hand protein consisting of two homologous domains (N and C). An unusual 1:2 binding mode of CaM to CaM-binding domains of GAD has long been known, however the contribution of the two CaM domains in target recognition and activation remains to be clarified. Here, we explored the coupling between physicochemical properties of Arabidopsis CaM1 (AtCaM1) and Arabidopsis GAD1 activation, focusing on each AtCaM1 lobe. We found that the four EF-loops of AtCaM1 differently contribute to the ~20 μM apparent affinity for Ca(2+) and the C-lobe shows a ~6-fold higher affinity than N-lobe (Kd(app) 5.6 μM and 32 μM for C- and N-lobes, respectively). AtCaM1 responds structurally to Ca(2+) in a manner similar to vertebrate CaM based on comparison of Ca(2+)-induced changes in hydrophobicity exposure, secondary structure, and hydrodynamic behavior. Molecular dynamics simulations of AtCaM1 apo and Ca(2+)-bound reveal that the latter state is significantly less flexible, although regions of the N-lobe remain quite flexible; this suggests the importance of N-lobe for completing the transition to the extended structure of holoprotein, consistent with data from ANS fluorescence, CD spectroscopy, and SEC analysis. Moreover, enzymatic analysis reveal that mutations in the two lobes affect GAD1 activation in similar ways and only intact AtCaM1 can fully activate GAD1. Taken together, our data provide new insights into the CaM lobes role in interactions between CaM and plant GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valerio Marino
- Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniele Dell'Orco
- Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Dominici
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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21
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The activating role of phospho-(Tyr)-calmodulin on the epidermal growth factor receptor. Biochem J 2015; 472:195-204. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20150851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The existence of a calmodulin (CaM)/phospho-(Tyr)-CaM cycle involved in the regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor could have important consequences for the control of cell proliferation, as its alteration could potentially result in uncontrolled tumour growth.
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22
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Guo H, Garcia-Vedrenne AE, Isserlin R, Lugowski A, Morada A, Sun A, Miao Y, Kuzmanov U, Wan C, Ma H, Foltz K, Emili A. Phosphoproteomic network analysis in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
reveals new candidates in egg activation. Proteomics 2015; 15:4080-95. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Guo
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - Ruth Isserlin
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Andrew Lugowski
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Anthony Morada
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Marine Science Institute; Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Alex Sun
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Marine Science Institute; Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Yishen Miao
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Marine Science Institute; Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Uros Kuzmanov
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Cuihong Wan
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Hongyue Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization; College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Kathy Foltz
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Marine Science Institute; Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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23
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Stateva SR, Salas V, Anguita E, Benaim G, Villalobo A. Ca2+/Calmodulin and Apo-Calmodulin Both Bind to and Enhance the Tyrosine Kinase Activity of c-Src. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128783. [PMID: 26058065 PMCID: PMC4461253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Src family non-receptor tyrosine kinases play a prominent role in multiple cellular processes, including: cell proliferation, differentiation, cell survival, stress response, and cell adhesion and migration, among others. And when deregulated by mutations, overexpression, and/or the arrival of faulty incoming signals, its hyperactivity contributes to the development of hematological and solid tumors. c-Src is a prototypical member of this family of kinases, which is highly regulated by a set of phosphorylation events. Other factor contributing to the regulation of Src activity appears to be mediated by the Ca2+ signal generated in cells by different effectors, where the Ca2+-receptor protein calmodulin (CaM) plays a key role. In this report we demonstrate that CaM directly interacts with Src in both Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent manners in vitro and in living cells, and that the CaM antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) inhibits the activation of this kinase induced by the upstream activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), in human carcinoma epidermoide A431 cells, and by hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, in both A431 cells and human breast adenocarcinoma SK-BR-3 cells. Furthermore, we show that the Ca2+/CaM complex strongly activates the auto-phosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity of c-Src toward exogenous substrates, but most relevantly and for the first time, we demonstrate that Ca2+-free CaM (apo-CaM) exerts a far higher activatory action on Src auto-phosphorylation and kinase activity toward exogenous substrates than the one exerted by the Ca2+/CaM complex. This suggests that a transient increase in the cytosolic concentration of free Ca2+ is not an absolute requirement for CaM-mediated activation of Src in living cells, and that a direct regulation of Src by apo-CaM could be inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviya R. Stateva
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Salas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Estefanía Anguita
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Benaim
- Instituto de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Antonio Villalobo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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