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Liu T, Liu CA, Wei YP, Song MM, Zhang Q, Song Y, Chen P, Liu LS, Wang BY, Shi HP. Deciphering the folate puzzle: Unraveling the impact of genetic variations and metabolites on cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:1225-1236. [PMID: 38783579 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene and its role in folate metabolism, impacting serum folate metabolites like THF and 5-MTHF, is a critical but underexplored area in cancer research. This nested case-control study utilized data from CHHRS, involving 87,492 hypertensive adults without prior cancer. During a median of 2.02 years, we identified 1332 cancer cases and matched controls based on age, sex, and residency. Serum levels of folate, THF, and 5-MTHF were measured, and the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism was considered. Statistical analyses included restricted cubic spline regression and conditional logistic regression models. Serum THF levels were inversely associated with overall cancer risk (ORper SD = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.82-0.99), while 5-MTHF levels showed a negative association in the general cohort (ORQ3 vs. Q1 = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60-0.96; ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.58-0.98) and in individuals with MTHFR C677T (CC + CT) polymorphism (ORper SD = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77-0.99; ORQ4 VS. Q1 = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.61-0.98), but a positive association in the MTHFR C677T (TT) subgroup (ORper SD = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.02-3.72; ORQ4 VS. Q1 = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.06-8.21). The impact of folate, THF, and 5-MTHF on cancer risk varied significantly across different cancer types and MTHFR C677T genotypes. This study provides novel insights into the variable effects of folate and its metabolites on cancer risk, influenced by genetic factors like the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-An Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wei
- College of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Meng Song
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yun Song
- College of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Shun Liu
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin-Yan Wang
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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de Alcântara FF, Sant’Anna CDC, Alcântara DDFÁ, Cohen-Paes ADN, Soares PC, de Assumpção PP, Imbiriba MMBG, Burbano RMR. Homocystein, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid as Screening Biomarkers in Early Diagnosis and Gastric Cancer Monitoring. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:24. [PMID: 38804380 PMCID: PMC11130919 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has been demonstrating a reduction in the number of cases over the past decades, largely attributed to advancements in public health practices and increased accessibility to educational initiatives for the general population. Nevertheless, it persists as the third leading cause of mortality globally among both men and women. These fatalities are typically associated with delayed disease detection. The current study assessed the levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folic acid as a means of establishing a screening biomarker profile that could be integrated into routine testing protocols to facilitate swift diagnosis of the illness. A total of 207 control subjects and 207 individuals with gastric cancer were scrutinized, with biochemical measurements conducted using chemiluminescence for homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12. The two groups were matched based on age, tumor location, subtype, tumor classification, presence of Epstein-Barr Virus infection (EBV), and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Significant statistical variances were identified in the mean levels of the triad of substances among cancer patients when compared to the control group for all corresponding variables. In conclusion, our study indicated that analyzing the triad of homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folic acid holds diagnostic value for gastric cancer and could potentially serve as an effective screening marker for this type of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Farias de Alcântara
- Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém 66063-240, Brazil; (F.F.d.A.); (C.d.C.S.); (D.D.F.Á.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.M.B.G.I.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Carla de Castro Sant’Anna
- Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém 66063-240, Brazil; (F.F.d.A.); (C.d.C.S.); (D.D.F.Á.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.M.B.G.I.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | | | - Amanda de Nazaré Cohen-Paes
- Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém 66063-240, Brazil; (F.F.d.A.); (C.d.C.S.); (D.D.F.Á.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.M.B.G.I.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Paulo Cardoso Soares
- Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém 66063-240, Brazil; (F.F.d.A.); (C.d.C.S.); (D.D.F.Á.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.M.B.G.I.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | | | | | - Rommel Mario Rodriguez Burbano
- Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém 66063-240, Brazil; (F.F.d.A.); (C.d.C.S.); (D.D.F.Á.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.M.B.G.I.); (R.M.R.B.)
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil;
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Derouiche F, Djemil R, Sebihi FZ, Douaouya L, Maamar H, Benjemana K. High methionine diet mediated oxidative stress and proteasome impairment causes toxicity in liver. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5555. [PMID: 38448604 PMCID: PMC10917754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Methionine (Met) rich diet inducing oxidative stress is reported to alter many organs. Proteasome as a regulator of oxidative stress can be targeted. This study was performed to investigate if excessive methionine supplementation causes hepatotoxicity related to proteasome dysfunction under endogenous oxidative stress in rats. Male Wistar albino rats (n = 16) were divided into controls and treated groups. The treated rats (n = 08) received orally L-methionine (1 g/kg/day) for 21 days. Total homocysteine (tHcy), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), hepatic enzymes levels: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), with total bilirubin (TBil), albumin (Alb), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined in plasma by biochemical assays. Liver supernatants were used for malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), 20S proteasome activities and their subunits expression, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) evaluation by appropriate methods and light microscopy for liver histological examination. Methionine treatment increased homocysteine, TOS, oxidative stress index (OSI), MDA and PC but decreased TAS, GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx with the 20S proteasome activities and their β subunits expression. Liver proteins: AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, TBil and CRP were increased but Alb was decreased. Liver histology was also altered. An increase in liver TNF-α and IL-6 levels were observed. These findings indicated that methionine supplementation associated oxidative stress and proteasome dysfunction, caused hepatotoxicity and inflammation in rat. Further investigations should be to better understand the relation between methionine, oxidative stress, proteasome, and liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faouzia Derouiche
- Biotechnology, Water, Environment and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Abbes Lagherour, Khenchela, Algeria.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Abbes Lagherour, Khenchela, Algeria.
| | - Randa Djemil
- Biotechnology, Water, Environment and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Abbes Lagherour, Khenchela, Algeria
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Abbes Lagherour, Khenchela, Algeria
| | - Fatima Zohra Sebihi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Abbes Lagherour, Khenchela, Algeria
| | - Lilia Douaouya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Abbes Lagherour, Khenchela, Algeria
| | - Hichem Maamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Abbes Lagherour, Khenchela, Algeria
| | - Katia Benjemana
- Biotechnology, Water, Environment and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Abbes Lagherour, Khenchela, Algeria
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Abbes Lagherour, Khenchela, Algeria
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Bjørke-Monsen AL, Ueland PM. Folate - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10258. [PMID: 38187793 PMCID: PMC10770645 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Folate is an essential micronutrient for normal development and metabolic function, and folate deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, mental dysfuntion and negative pregnancy outcomes. When estimating folate requirements, one must consider different bioavailability and functionality between synthetic folic acid and dietary folate, together with increased needs of folate in women of fertile age, pregnant and lactating women, preterm and small for gestational age weight infants and individuals who are homozygote for the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism. In order to achieve an adequate metabolic status based on the metabolic marker total homocysteine, and not merely the absence of clinical signs of folate deficiency, the recommended intake of folate differs according to age, pregnancy and lactation. According to the World Health Organization, a decision limit for folate deficiency in adults is serum folate level below 10 nmol/L, and in women of fertile age a red blood cell folate level below 906 nmol/L in order to prevent neural tube defects. Qualified systematic reviews along with identified relevant literature have been used for this scoping review prepared for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Bjørke-Monsen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Magne Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Fan R, Wang Y, Zhang J, An X, Liu S, Bai J, Li J, Lin Q, Xie Y, Liao J, Xia Y. Hyperhomocysteinaemia Promotes Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1212. [PMID: 37765020 PMCID: PMC10534320 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin, a widely used chemotherapeutic drug in clinical oncology, causes a series of cardiac side effects referred to as doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor for multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, whether hyperhomocysteinaemia contributes to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is currently unknown. In this study, we explored the pathogenic effects of hyperhomocysteinaemia induced by dietary methionine supplementation (2% wt/wt in rodent chow) in a mouse model of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Our data showed that methionine supplementation doubled serum homocysteine levels, inducing mild hyperhomocysteinaemia. Doxorubicin at a cumulative dosage of 25 mg/kg body weight led to significant weight loss and severe cardiac dysfunction, which were further exacerbated by methionine-induced mild hyperhomocysteinaemia. Doxorubicin-induced cardiac atrophy, cytoplasmic vacuolisation, myofibrillar disarray and loss, as well as cardiac fibrosis, were also exacerbated by methionine-induced mild hyperhomocysteinaemia. Additional folic acid supplementation (0.006% wt/wt) prevented methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinaemia and inhibited hyperhomocysteinaemia-aggravated cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyopathy. In particular, hyperhomocysteinaemia increased both serum and cardiac oxidative stress, which could all be inhibited by folic acid supplementation. Therefore, we demonstrated for the first time that hyperhomocysteinaemia could exacerbate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice, and the pathogenic effects of hyperhomocysteinaemia might at least partially correlate with increased oxidative stress and could be prevented by folic acid supplementation. Our study provides preliminary experimental evidence for the assessment of hyperhomocysteinaemia as a potential risk factor for chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xiangbo An
- Department of Interventional Therapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116004, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116004, China
| | - Jiatian Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Qiuyue Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yunpeng Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Jiawei Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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Kubo Y, Shoji K, Tajima A, Horiguchi S, Fukuoka H, Nishikawa M, Kagawa Y, Kawabata T. Serum 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate Status Is Associated with One-Carbon Metabolism-Related Metabolite Concentrations and Enzyme Activity Indicators in Young Women. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10993. [PMID: 37446171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining optimal one-carbon metabolism (OCM) is essential for health and pregnancy. In this cross-sectional study, folate status was assessed based on 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) levels, and the association between 5-MTHF and OCM-related metabolites was investigated in 227 female Japanese university students aged 18-25 years. The participants were divided into high and low 5-MTHF groups based on their folate status. Serum samples of the participants were collected while they were fasting, and 18 OCM-related metabolites were measured using stable-isotope dilution liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The association between serum 5-MTHF and OCM-related metabolite concentrations was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Serum 5-MTHF concentrations were negatively correlated with total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and positively correlated with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and total cysteine (tCys) concentrations. Serum 5-MTHF concentrations demonstrated a stronger negative correlation with tHcy/tCys than with tHcy alone. The negative correlation between betaine and tHcy concentrations was stronger in the low 5-MTHF group than in the high 5-MTHF group. The 5-MTHF status could be linked to Hcy flux into the transsulfuration pathway via SAM. Therefore, the tHcy/tCys ratio may be a more sensitive indicator of the 5-MTHF status than tHcy alone. Furthermore, a low 5-MTHF status can enhance Hcy metabolism via betaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kubo
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kumiko Shoji
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Akiko Tajima
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Sayaka Horiguchi
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Hideoki Fukuoka
- Department of Perinatal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masazumi Nishikawa
- Department of Food Management, School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatadate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai 982-0215, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kagawa
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Terue Kawabata
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
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da Conceição P, Dos Santos Neto AG, Khan S, Tanaka AA, Santana AEG, Del Pilar Taboada-Sotomayor M, Goulart MOF, Santos ACF. Extraction-assisted voltammetric determination of homocysteine using magnetic nanoparticles modified with molecularly imprinted polymer. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:159. [PMID: 36973457 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic graphite-epoxy composite (m-GEC) electrochemical sensor is presented based on magnetic imprinted polymer (mag-MIP) to determine homocysteine (Hcy). Mag-MIP was synthesized via precipitation polymerization, using functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) together with the template molecule (Hcy), the functional monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and the structural monomer trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM). For mag-NIP (magnetic non-imprinted polymer), the procedure was the same in the absence of Hcy. Morphological and structural properties of the resultant mag-MIP and mag-NIP were examined using TEM, FT-IR, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. Under optimized conditions, the m-GEC/mag-MIP sensor showed a linear range of 0.1-2 µmol L-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.030 µmol L-1. In addition, the proposed sensor responded selectively to Hcy compared to several interferents present in biological samples. The recovery values determined by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were close to 100% for natural and synthetic samples, indicating good method accuracy. The developed electrochemical sensor proves to be a suitable device for determining Hcy, with advantages related to magnetic separation and electrochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana da Conceição
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química e Biotecnologia (PPGQB), Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Tabuleiro dos Martins, AL, 57072-970, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Antonio Gomes Dos Santos Neto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, MA, 1966, 65080-805, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Sabir Khan
- Instituto de Química, INCT-DATREM, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Auro A Tanaka
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, MA, 1966, 65080-805, São Luís, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Bioanalytics (INCT-Bio), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Antônio Euzébio G Santana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química e Biotecnologia (PPGQB), Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Tabuleiro dos Martins, AL, 57072-970, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | - Marília O F Goulart
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química e Biotecnologia (PPGQB), Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Tabuleiro dos Martins, AL, 57072-970, Maceió, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Bioanalytics (INCT-Bio), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Ferreira Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química e Biotecnologia (PPGQB), Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Tabuleiro dos Martins, AL, 57072-970, Maceió, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Bioanalytics (INCT-Bio), Campinas, Brazil.
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Grandi G, Botticelli L, Fraia PD, Babalini C, Masini M, Unfer V. The Association of Four Natural Molecules-EGCG, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, and HA-To Counteract HPV Cervical Lesions: A Case Report. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030567. [PMID: 36983748 PMCID: PMC10051187 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix, due to HPV infections, are still today a great medical challenge. This clinical case highlighted the effectiveness of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), vitamin B12, folic acid, and hyaluronic acid (HA) in counteracting HPV lesions in a 39-year-old patient with a long history of viral persistence, cervical lesions of various degree, and several unsuccessful surgical approaches. After eight weeks of treatment, both the histological and cytological analyses revealed only a chronic cervicitis without any malignant lesions or cellular dysplasia, thus reducing the urgency of an invasive surgery, a total hysterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Grandi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Botticelli
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Meris Masini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
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Evaluating the Efficacy of Pervistop®, a New Combination Based on EGCG, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12 and Hyaluronic Acid on Patients with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Persistent Infections and Cervical Lesions: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062171. [PMID: 36983172 PMCID: PMC10051211 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The persistence of the HPV infection is a risk factor in the integration of viral DNA in the host genome, leading to transforming events. The lack of therapies for HPV-persistent infections determine an unmet medical need. Methods: We enrolled forty patients with persistent HPV infections and cervical lesions and divided them into two groups. The women in the treated group received 200 mg epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), 400 µg folic acid (FA), 1 mg vitamin B12, and 50 mg hyaluronic acid (HA) for 12 weeks. The control group received no treatment. Results: 40 patients completed the study. Fifteen out of 20 women in the control group still had an LSIL at the end of the study. One woman had a decrease in the DNA load, while six had no change and eight had an increase in DNA content. In the treatment group, 17 out of 20 women achieved a full viral clearance. These women showed no cytological or histological evidence of lesions following the treatment. Conclusions: Our data highlight the possible effect of such combination on LSIL. Therefore, the evidence reported here supports the potential to carry out further randomized placebo-controlled studies with an adequate number of patients to verify our results.
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Cao Y, Yao T, Chen H, Liu H, Li C, Wang D, Wang Y, Qiu F, Huang H. The association of serum folate and homocysteine on venous thromboembolism in patients with colorectal cancer: a cross-sectional study. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:125-134. [PMID: 36760381 PMCID: PMC9906060 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-22-2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Venous thromboembolism is a common complication in patients with colorectal cancer who exhibit high homocysteine and low folate levels. However, whether venous thrombosis is the result of a direct effect of folic acid or the presence of a homocysteine-mediated mediating effect cannot be determined. This study aimed to explore the association and mediating effects of serum folate and homocysteine on venous thromboembolism in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods This study included patients with colorectal cancer who were admitted to the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2020 to May 2022. The patients' medical records were reviewed to collect information on general demographic characteristics, the prevalence of venous thromboembolism on admission, laboratory blood indices, serum folate, and serum homocysteine. SPSS 26.0 software was used for data collation and statistical analysis; the χ2 test was utilized for univariate analysis and unconditional logistic regression was applied for multivariate analysis. R 4.1.2 was used to perform the mediating effect test. Results A total of 236 colorectal cancer patients were investigated. The prevalence of colorectal cancer combined with venous thromboembolism was 15.3%; serum folate was <10.75 nmol/L in 25.4% of patients; and serum homocysteine was ≥22 µmol/L in 30.5% of patients. After controlling for confounding factors, the risk of venous thromboembolism was 2.48 times greater [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04 to 5.94] in patients with low serum folate (<10.75 nmol/L) than in those with high serum folate (≥10.75 nmol/L). Also, the risk of venous thromboembolism was greater in those with high serum homocysteine (≥22 µmol/L) [odds ratio (OR) =2.99. 95% CI: 1.11 to 8.08]. The mediating effect test showed no direct effect of serum folate on venous thromboembolism combined with colorectal cancer, and a full mediating effect of serum homocysteine between serum folate and venous thromboembolism combined with colorectal cancer, with a mediating effect value of 0.002 and a total effect value of 0.0054. Conclusions Serum folate influences the formation of venous thromboembolism through serum homocysteine. It is recommended that the nutritional supplementation of patients be enhanced to control serum folate and serum homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tian Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Daoyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fubin Qiu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China;,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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11
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Xu J, Zheng Z, Yang L, Li R, Ma X, Zhang J, Yin F, Liu L, Xu Q, Shen Q, Shen X, Wu C, Liu J, Qin N, Sheng J, Jin P. A novel promising diagnosis model for colorectal advanced adenoma and carcinoma based on the progressive gut microbiota gene biomarkers. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:208. [PMID: 36572910 PMCID: PMC9791776 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC), a commonly diagnosed cancer often develops slowly from benign polyps called adenoma to carcinoma. Altered gut microbiota is implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. It is warranted to find non-invasive progressive microbiota biomarkers that can reflect the dynamic changes of the disease. This study aimed to identify and evaluate potential progressive fecal microbiota gene markers for diagnosing advanced adenoma (AA) and CRC. RESULTS Metagenome-wide association was performed on fecal samples from different cohorts of 871 subjects (247 CRC, 234 AA, and 390 controls). We characterized the gut microbiome, identified microbiota markers, and further constructed a colorectal neoplasms classifier in 99 CRC, 94 AA, and 62 controls, and validated the results in 185 CRC, 140 AA, and 291 controls from 3 independent cohorts. 21 species and 277 gene markers were identified whose abundance was significantly increased or decreased from normal to AA and CRC. The progressive gene markers were distributed in metabolic pathways including amino acid and sulfur metabolism. A diagnosis model consisting of four effect indexes was constructed based on the markers, the sensitivities of the Adenoma Effect Index 1 for AA, Adenoma Effect Index 2 for high-grade dysplasia (HGD) adenoma were 71.3% and 76.5%, the specificities were 90.5% and 90.3%, respectively. CRC Effect Index 1 for all stages of CRC and CRC Effect Index 2 for stage III-IV CRC to predict CRC yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.839 (95% CI 0.804-0.873) and 0.857 (95% CI 0.793-0.921), respectively. Combining with fecal immunochemical test (FIT) significantly improved the sensitivity of CRC Effect Index 1 and CRC Effect Index 2 to 96.7% and 100%. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the successful diagnosis model establishment and cross-region validation for colorectal advanced adenoma and carcinoma based on the progressive gut microbiota gene markers. The results suggested that the novel diagnosis model can significantly improve the diagnostic performance for advanced adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Xu
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhijun Zheng
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ruoran Li
- Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xianzong Ma
- Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fumei Yin
- Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114, China
- Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114, China
- Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qiujing Shen
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Xiuping Shen
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Nan Qin
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114, China.
- Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Jianqiu Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Peng Jin
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China.
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12
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Yao S, Chen X, Zhou Y, Xu L, Zhang Q, Bao S, Feng H, Ge W. The association between altitude and serum folate levels in Tibetan adults on the Tibetan plateau. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17886. [PMID: 36284137 PMCID: PMC9596477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between residence altitude and serum folate levels in healthy Tibetans living on the Tibetan Plateau. Participants were selected from those who underwent physical examinations at our health center between November 2019 and February 2020. Demographic characteristics and medical histories were collected, and fasting blood was tested for serum folate and other hematological indicators. The relationship between altitude and serum folate levels was analyzed using a multivariable linear regression model. Serum folate levels were associated with altitude (β = - 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.71; - 0.16), hemoglobin (β = - 0.01; 95% CI - 0.03; - 0.00), red blood cells (β = - 0.72; 95% CI - 1.18; - 0.27), hematocrit (β = - 0.07; 95% CI - 0.12; - 0.02), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 2.67; 95% CI 1.35; 3.98), and sex (β = 0.68; 95% CI 0.12; 1.23). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that altitude was negatively associated with serum folate levels. After adjusting for confounding factors, serum folate levels decreased by 0.33 ng/mL per each 500-m increase in altitude (β = - 0.33; 95% CI - 0.6; - 0.05; P = 0.022). Altitude was negatively associated with serum folate levels in Tibetan adults. The relationship between altitude and folate levels should be further explored in populations of different races and disease states. Further large-scale prospective studies should illustrate the causality of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiwen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shimin Bao
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiru Feng
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weihong Ge
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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13
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Grasso C, Popovic M, Isaevska E, Lazzarato F, Fiano V, Zugna D, Pluta J, Weathers B, D’Andrea K, Almstrup K, Anson-Cartwright L, Bishop DT, Chanock SJ, Chen C, Cortessis VK, Dalgaard MD, Daneshmand S, Ferlin A, Foresta C, Frone MN, Gamulin M, Gietema JA, Greene MH, Grotmol T, Hamilton RJ, Haugen TB, Hauser R, Karlsson R, Kiemeney LA, Lessel D, Lista P, Lothe RA, Loveday C, Meijer C, Nead KT, Nsengimana J, Skotheim RI, Turnbull C, Vaughn DJ, Wiklund F, Zheng T, Zitella A, Schwartz SM, McGlynn KA, Kanetsky PA, Nathanson KL, Richiardi L. Association Study between Polymorphisms in DNA Methylation-Related Genes and Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1769-1779. [PMID: 35700037 PMCID: PMC9444936 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), histologically classified as seminomas and nonseminomas, are believed to arise from primordial gonocytes, with the maturation process blocked when they are subjected to DNA methylation reprogramming. SNPs in DNA methylation machinery and folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism genes have been postulated to influence the proper establishment of DNA methylation. METHODS In this pathway-focused investigation, we evaluated the association between 273 selected tag SNPs from 28 DNA methylation-related genes and TGCT risk. We carried out association analysis at individual SNP and gene-based level using summary statistics from the Genome Wide Association Study meta-analysis recently conducted by the international Testicular Cancer Consortium on 10,156 TGCT cases and 179,683 controls. RESULTS In individual SNP analyses, seven SNPs, four mapping within MTHFR, were associated with TGCT risk after correction for multiple testing (q ≤ 0.05). Queries of public databases showed that three of these SNPs were associated with MTHFR changes in enzymatic activity (rs1801133) or expression level in testis tissue (rs12121543, rs1476413). Gene-based analyses revealed MTHFR (q = 8.4 × 10-4), methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2; q = 2 × 10-3), and ZBTB4 (q = 0.03) as the top TGCT-associated genes. Stratifying by tumor histology, four MTHFR SNPs were associated with seminoma. In gene-based analysis MTHFR was associated with risk of seminoma (q = 2.8 × 10-4), but not with nonseminomatous tumors (q = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants within MTHFR, potentially having an impact on the DNA methylation pattern, are associated with TGCT risk. IMPACT This finding suggests that TGCT pathogenesis could be associated with the folate cycle status, and this relation could be partly due to hereditary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Grasso
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Maja Popovic
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Isaevska
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Lazzarato
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiano
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Zugna
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - John Pluta
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benita Weathers
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D’Andrea
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lynn Anson-Cartwright
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Toronto and The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D. Timothy Bishop
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Victoria K. Cortessis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marlene D. Dalgaard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Siamak Daneshmand
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Megan N. Frone
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marija Gamulin
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jourik A. Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H. Greene
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tom Grotmol
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert J. Hamilton
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Toronto and The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trine B. Haugen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrizia Lista
- Division of Medical Oncology1, AOU “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Turin, Italy
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chey Loveday
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Coby Meijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin T. Nead
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jérémie Nsengimana
- Biostatistics Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Rolf I. Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Vaughn
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andrea Zitella
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Science, AOU “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stephen M. Schwartz
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter A. Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
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14
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Mukherjee A, Wiener HW, Griffin RL, Lenneman C, Chatterjee A, Nabell LM, Lewis CE, Shrestha S. Racial and rural-urban disparities in cardiovascular risk factors among patients with head and neck cancer in a clinical cohort. Head Neck 2022; 44:1563-1575. [PMID: 35396877 PMCID: PMC9177813 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on distribution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is limited. We assessed disparities in prevalence and incidence of CVD risk factors in patients with HNSCC. METHODS Electronic health records (EHR) data on 2262 patients with HNSCC diagnosed between 2012 and 2018 at a NCI-designated cancer center were included. Prevalence of CVD risk factors at baseline and incidence at 1-year post HNSCC diagnosis were assessed using logistic and robust Poisson regression, respectively. RESULTS At baseline, 31.72% white patients with HNSCC had dyslipidemia, compared to 24.29% blacks (p < 0.008); diabetes was more prevalent in blacks (p < 0.027). Odds of ≥1 prevalent CVD clinical risk factor at baseline was lower in blacks (OR, 95%CI: 0.71, 0.54-0.93) and in rural patients (OR, 95%CI: 0.70, 0.58-0.85). At 1 year, risk of incident diabetes was higher in rural patients (RR, 95%CI: 1.63, 1.21-2.19). CONCLUSIONS Demographic disparities were observed in distribution of CVD risk factors in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Mukherjee
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL
| | - Howard W. Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL
| | - Russell L. Griffin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL
| | - Carrie Lenneman
- Division of Cardiovascular disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Arka Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Lisle M. Nabell
- Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL
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15
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O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I, Rushkin MC, Thomas RG, Martin A, Lin JS. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2022; 327:2334-2347. [PMID: 35727272 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.15650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the 2 leading causes of death in the US, and vitamin and mineral supplementation has been proposed to help prevent these conditions. OBJECTIVE To review the benefits and harms of vitamin and mineral supplementation in healthy adults to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PubMed (publisher-supplied records only), Cochrane Library, and Embase (January 2013 to February 1, 2022); prior reviews. STUDY SELECTION English-language randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of vitamin or mineral use among adults without cardiovascular disease or cancer and with no known vitamin or mineral deficiencies; observational cohort studies examining serious harms. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Single extraction, verified by a second reviewer. Quantitative pooling methods appropriate for rare events were used for most analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mortality, cardiovascular disease events, cancer incidence, serious harms. RESULTS Eighty-four studies (N=739 803) were included. In pooled analyses, multivitamin use was significantly associated with a lower incidence of any cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.93 [95% CI, 0.87-0.99]; 4 RCTs [n=48 859]; absolute risk difference [ARD] range among adequately powered trials, -0.2% to -1.2%) and lung cancer (OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.58-0.95]; 2 RCTs [n=36 052]; ARD, 0.2%). However, the evidence for multivitamins had important limitations. Beta carotene (with or without vitamin A) was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.01-1.42]; 4 RCTs [n=94 830]; ARD range, -0.1% to 0.6%) and cardiovascular mortality (OR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.02-1.19]; 5 RCTs [n=94 506] ARD range, -0.8% to 0.8%). Vitamin D use was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality (OR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.91-1.02]; 27 RCTs [n=117 082]), cardiovascular disease (eg, composite cardiovascular disease event outcome: OR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.95-1.05]; 7 RCTs [n=74 925]), or cancer outcomes (eg, any cancer incidence: OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.92-1.03]; 19 RCTs [n=86 899]). Vitamin E was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality (OR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.97-1.07]; 9 RCTs [n=107 772]), cardiovascular disease events (OR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.90-1.04]; 4 RCTs [n=62 136]), or cancer incidence (OR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.98-1.08]; 5 RCTs [n=76 777]). Evidence for benefit of other supplements was equivocal, minimal, or absent. Limited evidence suggested some supplements may be associated with higher risk of serious harms (hip fracture [vitamin A], hemorrhagic stroke [vitamin E], and kidney stones [vitamin C, calcium]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Vitamin and mineral supplementation was associated with little or no benefit in preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, and death, with the exception of a small benefit for cancer incidence with multivitamin use. Beta carotene was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and other harmful outcomes in persons at high risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A O'Connor
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Corinne V Evans
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ilya Ivlev
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Megan C Rushkin
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
- Center for Evidence-based Policy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Rachel G Thomas
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Allea Martin
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jennifer S Lin
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
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16
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Wang Y, Jia R, Chen X, Li G, Li Z. Association of serum homocysteine and folic acid levels with coagulation functions of cancer patients with venous thromboembolism. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 82:27-35. [PMID: 35634848 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common coagulative dysfunctional complication of cancer patients. The present study aimed to determine the association and diagnostic values of serum homocysteine (Hcy) and folic acid levels with VTE in cancer patients. We enrolled 700 cancer patients and 100 healthy subjects in our study. All cancer patients, with or without VTE, underwent measurement of serum Hcy and folic acid levels and coagulative markers including D-Dimer, factor VIII, fibrinogen and tissue plasminogen activator. The diagnostic values of Hcy and folic acid were assessed by receiver operative characteristic (ROC) analysis. Correlations between Hcy and folic acid and coagulative factors were determined. Among the 700 patients with malignant tumors recruited in our study, a total of 89 patients had VTE combined within three months, and 611 patients did not have VTE. Cancer patients with VTE had significantly higher levels of Hcy and significantly lower levels of folic acid in serum. Both Hcy and folic acid in serum demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing VTE in cancer patients and showed strong correlations to coagulative markers. Hcy and folic acid, which have strong correlations to coagulative markers, are potential novel serum markers for stratifying VTE risk in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wang
- Nursing Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Rufu Jia
- President’s Office, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Nursing Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Guangjun Li
- President’s Office, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- Nursing Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Su S, Zhang D, Liu J, Zhao H, Tang X, Che H, Wang Q, Ren W, Zhen D. Folate ameliorates homocysteine-induced osteoblast dysfunction by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated PERK/ATF-4/CHOP pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:422-433. [PMID: 35190897 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Homocysteine (Hcy) is considered a newly identified risk factor for osteoporosis. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of folate (FA), a key factor in the metabolism of Hcy, in protection against osteoblast dysfunction remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which FA attenuates Hcy-induced osteoblast damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Hcy-induced MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with different concentrations of FA. Cell morphology, cell density, cell proliferation ability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization capacity were observed and determined; the gene expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and ERS-associated factors, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP-78), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF-4) and growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene 153 (CHOP/GADD153), were assessed by RT-PCR; and protein levels of GRP-78 and ATF-4 were analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS Hcy suppressed the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization ability of MC3T3-E1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and activated the ERS signaling pathway. After intervention with different concentrations of FA, the cell viability and density, ALP activity, number of mineralized nodules, calcium content and Bcl-2 gene expression were all significantly increased, whereas the gene expression of GRP-78, CHOP/GADD153, ATF-4 and Bax was markedly downregulated, and protein levels of GRP-78 and ATF-4 were also markedly decreased. CONCLUSION The adverse effects of Hcy on osteoblast differentiation are dose dependent. FA not only protects against osteoblasts apoptosis but also has a direct osteogenic effect on Hcy-induced osteoblasts, which could be partially mediated by inhibition of the PERK-activated ERS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Su
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Di Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 1 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, Gansu Province People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 1 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hongxia Che
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Qiangmei Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wanna Ren
- Department of Opthalmology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Donghu Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 1 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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18
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Yadav S, Longkumer I, Garg PR, Joshi S, Rajkumari S, Devi NK, Saraswathy KN. Association of air pollution and homocysteine with global DNA methylation: A population-based study from North India. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260860. [PMID: 34855899 PMCID: PMC8638980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic air pollution has been implicated in aberrant changes of DNA methylation and homocysteine increase (>15μM/L). Folate (<3 ng/mL) and vitamin B12 (<220 pg/mL) deficiencies also reduce global DNA methylation via homocysteine increase. Although B-vitamin supplements can attenuate epigenetic effects of air pollution but such understanding in population-specific studies are lacking. Hence, the present study aims to understand the role of air pollution, homocysteine, and nutritional deficiencies on methylation. METHODS We examined cross-sectionally, homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 (chemiluminescence) and global DNA methylation (colorimetric ELISA Assay) among 274 and 270 individuals from low- and high- polluted areas, respectively, from a single Mendelian population. Global DNA methylation results were obtained on 254 and 258 samples from low- and high- polluted areas, respectively. RESULTS Significant decline in median global DNA methylation was seen as a result of air pollution [high-0.84 (0.37-1.97) vs. low-0.96 (0.45-2.75), p = 0.01]. High homocysteine in combination with air pollution significantly reduced global DNA methylation [high-0.71 (0.34-1.90) vs. low-0.93 (0.45-3.00), p = 0.003]. Folate deficient individuals in high polluted areas [high-0.70 (0.37-1.29) vs. low-1.21 (0.45-3.65)] showed significantly reduced global methylation levels (p = 0.007). In low polluted areas, despite folate deficiency, if normal vitamin B12 levels were maintained, global DNA methylation levels improved significantly [2.03 (0.60-5.24), p = 0.007]. Conversely, in high polluted areas despite vitamin B12 deficiency, if normal folate status was maintained, global DNA methylation status improved significantly [0.91 (0.36-1.63)] compared to vitamin B12 normal individuals [0.54 (0.26-1.13), p = 0.04]. CONCLUSIONS High homocysteine may aggravate the effects of air pollution on DNA methylation. Vitamin B12 in low-polluted and folate in high-polluted areas may be strong determinants for changes in DNA methylation levels. The effect of air pollution on methylation levels may be reduced through inclusion of dietary or supplemented B-vitamins. This may serve as public level approach in natural settings to prevent metabolic adversities at community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Yadav
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Imnameren Longkumer
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Shipra Joshi
- Manbhum Ananda Ashram Nityananda Trust-MANT, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sunanda Rajkumari
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Naorem Kiranmala Devi
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kallur Nava Saraswathy
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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19
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Kobalamina – właściwości biomedyczne i niedobór w ujęciu biochemicznym. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Kobalamina (witamina B12) jest rozpuszczalnym w wodzie związkiem organicznym, zaliczanym do witamin grupy B. Złożona budowa i polarność cząsteczki witaminy B12 sprawiają, że do jej prawidłowego wykorzystania i przemian w organizmie człowieka niezbędny jest udział wyspecjalizowanych białek. Głównym źródłem kobalaminy człowieka jest pokarm pochodzenia zwierzęcego. Ze względu na rezerwy tkankowe tej witaminy, jej niedobór ujawnia się dopiero po kilku latach niewystarczającej podaży z pożywieniem. Badania przesiewowe pod kątem deficytu kobalaminy są jednak uzasadnione u osób z czynnikami ryzyka hipokobalaminemii, takimi jak: stan po resekcji żołądka lub jelita cienkiego, dieta wegańska, długotrwałe stosowanie metforminy, antagonistów receptora histaminowego H2 oraz leków z grupy inhibitorów pompy protonowej, a także podeszły wiek.
Witamina B12 jako kofaktor enzymatyczny uczestniczy w licznych przemianach wewnątrzmitochondrialnych oraz w syntezie metioniny, niezbędnej do powstania S-adenozylometioniny istotnej w procesie metylacji cząsteczek biologicznie czynnych. Przez powiązania metaboliczne z kwasem foliowym kobalamina wpływa na proces syntezy DNA i podział komórki. Obecnie coraz częściej zwraca się uwagę na potencjalny udział niedoboru witaminy B12 w patogenezie chorób neurodegeneracyjnych, a także nowotworowych. Niedobór kobalaminy na poziomie molekularnym destabilizuje genom komórek, zwiększając ryzyko ich złośliwej transformacji. Jednak u osób z chorobą nowotworową lub obciążonych ryzykiem jej rozwoju witamina B12 może nasilać ekspansję komórek neoplastycznych.
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20
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Homocysteine fibrillar assemblies display cross-talk with Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid polypeptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017575118. [PMID: 34099562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017575118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of homocysteine are reported as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Correspondingly, inborn hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased predisposition to the development of dementia in later stages of life. Yet, the mechanistic link between homocysteine accumulation and the pathological neurodegenerative processes is still elusive. Furthermore, despite the clear association between protein aggregation and AD, attempts to develop therapy that specifically targets this process have not been successful. It is envisioned that the failure in the development of efficacious therapeutic intervention may lie in the metabolomic state of affected individuals. We recently demonstrated the ability of metabolites to self-assemble and cross-seed the aggregation of pathological proteins, suggesting a role for metabolite structures in the initiation of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we provide a report of homocysteine crystal structure and self-assembly into amyloid-like toxic fibrils, their inhibition by polyphenols, and their ability to seed the aggregation of the AD-associated β-amyloid polypeptide. A yeast model of hyperhomocysteinemia indicates a toxic effect, correlated with increased intracellular amyloid staining that could be rescued by polyphenol treatment. Analysis of AD mouse model brain sections indicates the presence of homocysteine assemblies and the interplay between β-amyloid and homocysteine. This work implies a molecular basis for the association between homocysteine accumulation and AD pathology, potentially leading to a paradigm shift in the understanding of AD initial pathological processes.
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21
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Cramer DW, Vitonis AF, Sasamoto N, Yamamoto H, Fichorova RN. Epidemiologic and biologic correlates of serum HE4 and CA125 in women from the National Health and Nutritional Survey (NHANES). Gynecol Oncol 2021; 161:282-290. [PMID: 33504456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In women with ovarian cancer, tumor features largely determine serum HE4 and CA125 levels, but non-tumor factors may also influence levels and be better understood by studying determinants in a well-characterized sample of women without cancer. METHODS Serum HE4 and CA125 were measured in 2302 women from the 2001-2002 cohort of the National Heath and Nutritional Survey (NHANES). Publicly-available data on this cohort included demographic/reproductive variables, blood counts, and measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), total homocysteine (tHcy), cotinine, and creatinine which were examined as predictors of HE4 and CA125 using multivariate models and correlational analyses. RESULTS HE4 increased non-linearly by age and current smokers had higher HE4. CA125 was lower in postmenopausal women and non-whites and trended downward with increasing BMI. Current-users of oral contraceptives (OCs) had lower HE4 and CA125; and a downward trend for CA125 was seen with increasing OC use. Pregnant women had higher CA125 and nursing women higher HE4. HE4 and CA125 were positively correlated with neutrophils, monocytes, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and inversely correlated with lymphocytes and the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio. CRP was positively correlated with both HE4 and CA125 in postmenopausal women. Strong positive correlations existed for HE4 with both tHcy and creatinine. CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of HE4 and CA125 are influenced by several hormonal or environmental stimuli which affect non-cancerous tissues normally expressing HE4 or CA125. Cytokine co-expression in those tissues may, in turn, affect white cell counts and account for their correlation with HE4 or CA125 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Allison F Vitonis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Naoko Sasamoto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Hidemi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Raina N Fichorova
- Harvard Medical School, 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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22
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Bo Y, Zhu Y, Tao Y, Li X, Zhai D, Bu Y, Wan Z, Wang L, Wang Y, Yu Z. Association Between Folate and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. Front Public Health 2020; 8:550753. [PMID: 33384976 PMCID: PMC7770110 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.550753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is no study that has systematically investigated the breadth and validity of the associations of folate and multiple health outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the quantity, validity, and credibility of evidence regarding associations between folate and multiple health outcomes by using umbrella review of meta-analysis. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to May 20, 2018, to identify potential meta-analyses that examined the association of folate with any health outcome. For each included meta-analysis, we estimated the summary effect size and their 95% confidence interval using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. We used the AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) to assess methodological quality and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group classification) to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome included in the umbrella review. Results: Overall, 108 articles reporting 133 meta-analyses of observational studies and 154 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the study. Among them, 108 unique exposure-outcome-population triplets (referred to as unique meta-analyses hereafter) of RCTs and 87 unique meta-analyses of observational studies were reanalyzed. Beneficial effects of folate were observed in the all-cause mortality rate and in a number of chronic diseases, including several birth/pregnancy outcomes, several cancers, cardiovascular disease and metabolic-related outcomes, neurological conditions, and several other diseases. However, adverse effects of folate were observed for prostate cancer, colorectal adenomatous lesions, asthma or wheezing, and wheezing as an isolated symptom and depression. Conclusions: Current evidence allows for the conclusion that folate is associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality and a wide range of chronic diseases. However, folate may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Further research is warranted to improve the certainty of the estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacong Bo
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuchang Tao
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Desheng Zhai
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongjun Bu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Administration, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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23
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Rehman T, Shabbir MA, Inam‐Ur‐Raheem M, Manzoor MF, Ahmad N, Liu Z, Ahmad MH, Siddeeg A, Abid M, Aadil RM. Cysteine and homocysteine as biomarker of various diseases. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:4696-4707. [PMID: 32994931 PMCID: PMC7500767 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine and homocysteine (Hcy), both sulfur-containing amino acids (AAs), produced from methionine another sulfur-containing amino acid, which is converted to Hcy and further converted to cysteine. This article aims to highlight the link between cysteine and Hcy, and their mechanisms, important functions, play in the body and their role as a biomarker for various types of diseases. So that using cysteine and Hcy as a biomarker, we can prevent and diagnose many diseases. This review concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia (elevated levels of homocysteine) is considered as toxic for cells and is associated with different health problems. Hyperhomocysteinemia and low levels of cysteine associated with various diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVD), ischemic stroke, neurological disorders, diabetes, cancer like lung and colorectal cancer, renal dysfunction-linked conditions, and vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahniat Rehman
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Inam‐Ur‐Raheem
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | | | - Nazir Ahmad
- Institute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Zhi‐Wei Liu
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | | | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Engineering and TechnologyFaculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity GeziraWad MedaniSudan
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Institute of Food and Nutritional SciencesPir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindiPakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
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24
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Pan Q, Wang Y, Wang G. The Association Between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Thyroid Nodule Prevalence in an Adult Population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:368-372. [PMID: 32598216 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid nodule is the most common disorder of thyroid. Metabolic syndrome was regarded as an important factor for the prevalence of thyroid nodule. Homocysteine has been shown to be related to metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and several common cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine and the prevalence of thyroid nodule. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 2040 adults in a health checkup population in Beijing Chao-yang hospital. Thyroid ultrasound data, together with anthropometric characteristics, metabolic parameters, and serum homocysteine, were recorded respectively. Results: Hyperhomocysteinemia (defined as serum homocysteine ≥15 μmol/L) was detected in 452 participants (21.91%). Thyroid nodule prevalence was significantly higher in hyperhomocysteinemia participants than in normal homocysteine participants (52.57% vs. 45.16%, P = 0.006). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age [odds ratio (OR) 1.054; P < 0.001], female gender (OR 2.242; P < 0.001), body mass index (OR 1.050; P < 0.001), and serum homocysteine level (OR 1.022; P = 0.001) were the independent risk factors for thyroid nodule. Conclusions: Subjects with hyperhomocysteinemia have significantly higher thyroid nodule prevalence. Homocysteine is an independent risk factor for thyroid nodule. It implies that individuals with hyperhomocysteinemia have higher susceptibility to thyroid nodule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Physical Examination Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bae JM. Serum Folate Levels and Lung Cancer Risk: A Meta- Epidemiological Study of Population-based Case-Control Studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1829-1833. [PMID: 32592384 PMCID: PMC7568864 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.6.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While it has been claimed that lung cancer occurs due to epigenetic mechanisms, four systematic reviews were reported to investigate the association between serum folate levels and lung cancer risk. Considering some methodological problems founded in the systematic review, a meta-epidemiological study was conducted. METHODS The selection criteria of this study were defined that a case-control study was conducted to determine the risk of lung cancer occurrence according to the concentration of serum folate and its results showed odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval. Additional paper was explored from cited lists of 4 papers selected by previous systematic reviews. Random effect model was applied if I-squared value was over 50%. RESULTS For 5 case-control studies selected, the summary odds ratios (and their 95% confidence intervals) were 0.82 (0.74-0.90) in men, 0.70 (0.62-0.79) in former smokers, and 0.86 (0.75-1.00) in non-smokers. CONCLUSION Higher foliate levels can decrease lung cancer risk in men and former smokers. Especially, the protective effect was highest in former smokers compared in non-smokers and current smokers. Based on these facts, folate fortification programs to reduce lung cancer risk would be focused on former smokers in men. And some epidemiological studies are needed to provide a hypothesis to explain the sex differences in the association between folate and lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myon Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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26
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Wang D, Zhao R, Qu YY, Mei XY, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Li Y, Yang SB, Zuo ZG, Chen YM, Lin Y, Xu W, Chen C, Zhao SM, Zhao JY. Colonic Lysine Homocysteinylation Induced by High-Fat Diet Suppresses DNA Damage Repair. Cell Rep 2019; 25:398-412.e6. [PMID: 30304680 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) onset is profoundly affected by Western diet. Here, we report that high-fat (HF) diet-induced, organ-specific colonic lysine homocysteinylation (K-Hcy) increase might promote CRC onset by impeding DNA damage repair. HF chow induced elevated methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MARS) expression and K-Hcy levels and DNA damage accumulation in the mouse and rat colon, resulting in a phenotype identical to that of CRC tissues. Moreover, the increased copy number of MARS, whose protein product promotes K-Hcy, correlated with increased CRC risk in humans. Mechanistically, MARS preferentially bound to and modified ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), inhibited ATR and its downstream effectors checkpoint kinase-1 and p53, and relieved cell-cycle arrest and decreased DNA damage-induced apoptosis by disrupting the binding of ATR-interacting protein to ATR. Inhibiting K-Hcy by targeting MARS reversed these effects and suppressed oncogenic CRC cell growth. Our study reveals a mechanism of Western-diet-associated CRC and highlights an intervention approach for reversing diet-induced oncogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Department of Neonatology and Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200438, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin-Yu Mei
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yang Li
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shao-Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhi-Gui Zuo
- Department of Neonatology and Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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27
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Grigoryan H, Schiffman C, Gunter MJ, Naccarati A, Polidoro S, Dagnino S, Dudoit S, Vineis P, Rappaport SM. Cys34 Adductomics Links Colorectal Cancer with the Gut Microbiota and Redox Biology. Cancer Res 2019; 79:6024-6031. [PMID: 31641032 PMCID: PMC6891211 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer. To study reactive products of gut inflammation and redox signaling on colorectal cancer development, we used untargeted adductomics to detect adduct features in prediagnostic serum from the EPIC Italy cohort. We focused on modifications to Cys34 in human serum albumin, which is responsible for scavenging small reactive electrophiles that might initiate cancers. Employing a combination of statistical methods, we selected seven Cys34 adducts associated with colorectal cancer, as well as body mass index (BMI; a well-known risk factor). Five adducts were more abundant in colorectal cancer cases than controls and clustered with each other, suggesting a common pathway. Because two of these adducts were Cys34 modifications by methanethiol, a microbial-human cometabolite, and crotonaldehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, these findings further implicate infiltration of gut microbes into the intestinal mucosa and the corresponding inflammatory response as causes of colorectal cancer. The other two associated adducts were Cys34 disulfides of homocysteine that were less abundant in colorectal cancer cases than controls and may implicate homocysteine metabolism as another causal pathway. The selected adducts and BMI ranked higher as potentially causal factors than variables previously associated with colorectal cancer (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and total meat consumption). Regressions of case-control differences in adduct levels on days to diagnosis showed no statistical evidence that disease progression, rather than causal factors at recruitment, contributed to the observed differences. These findings support the hypothesis that infiltration of gut microbes into the intestinal mucosa and the resulting inflammation are causal factors for colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Infiltration of gut microbes into the intestinal mucosa and the resulting inflammation are causal factors for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasmik Grigoryan
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Silvia Polidoro
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Torino, Italy
| | - Sonia Dagnino
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Dudoit
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Torino, Italy
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Research has evaluated the potential impact of folate on cancer risk with conflicting findings. Studies have demonstrated increased risk, no effect, and decreased risk. This review summarizes findings of mixed results between folate intake, serum levels, gene polymorphisms, and cancer risk based on meta-analyses from the past five years. RECENT FINDING Low or deficient folate status is associated with increased risk of many cancers. Folic acid supplementation and higher serum levels are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Gene polymorphisms may impact risk in certain ethnic groups. Folate has been studied extensively due to its role in methylation and nucleotide synthesis. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify optimal levels for nutrient remediation and risk reduction in those at risk, as well as elucidate the association between high intake, high serum levels, and prostate cancer risk. Future considerations for cancer risk may include gene interactions with nutrients and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Pieroth
- Department of Nutrition, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, 1331 East Wyoming Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19124, USA
| | - Stephanie Paver
- , RD, LLC 10645 N. Tatum Blvd., Suite 200, Mailbox 122, Phoenix, Arizona, 85028, USA
| | - Sharon Day
- Department of Nutrition, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, 14200 W. Celebrate Life Way, Goodyear, Arizona, 85338, USA
| | - Carolyn Lammersfeld
- Department of Medicine and Science, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, 2610 Sheridan Road, Zion, IL, 60099, USA.
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29
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Vos MJ, Joost van Pelt L, Kok MB, Dijck-Brouwer DAJ, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Dikkeschei LD, Kootstra-Ros JE. Folate reference interval estimation in the Dutch general population. Pract Lab Med 2019; 16:e00127. [PMID: 31289733 PMCID: PMC6593182 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2019.e00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Folate functions as an enzyme co-factor within the one-carbon metabolic pathway, providing key metabolites required for DNA synthesis and methylation. Hence, insufficient intake of folate can negatively affect health. As correct interpretation of folate status is dependent on a well-established reference interval, we set out to perform a new estimation following the restandardization of the Roche folate assay against the international folate standard. Materials and methods The folate reference interval was estimated using samples obtained from the Dutch population-based Lifelines cohort. The reference interval was estimated using two methods: a nonparametric estimation combined with bootstrap resampling and by fitting the data to a gamma distribution. The lower reference limit was verified in a patient cohort by combined measurement of folate and homocysteine. Results Dependent on the method used for estimation and in- or exclusion of individuals younger than 21 years of age, the lower reference limit ranged from 6.8 to 7.3 nmol/L and the upper reference limit ranged from 26 to 38.5 nmol/L. Applying a lower reference limit of 7.3 nmol/L resulted in the following percentage of folate deficiencies over a period of 12 months: general practitioner 15.5% (IQR 4.0%), general hospital 12.8% (IQR 5.3%), academic hospital 9.6% (IQR 4.3%). Conclusions We estimated the folate reference interval in the Dutch general population which is not affected by a folic acid fortification program and verified the obtained lower reference limit by homocysteine measurements. Based on our results, we propose a folate reference interval independent of age of 7.3–38.5 nmol/L
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel J Vos
- Isala Hospital, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Zwolle, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - L Joost van Pelt
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten B Kok
- Saltro, Diagnostic Center for Primary Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D A Janneke Dijck-Brouwer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lambert D Dikkeschei
- Isala Hospital, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Jenny E Kootstra-Ros
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
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30
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Akinmoladun VI, Arinola OG. Serum levels of single-carbon metabolism vitamins and homocysteine in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma: Preliminary report. Ann Afr Med 2019; 18:60-64. [PMID: 31070145 PMCID: PMC6521640 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_18_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head-and-neck carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from the upper aerodigestive tract. Tobacco and alcohol are the leading etiological factors; however, bioactive food components, including those that modulate DNA methylation, are being linked to susceptibility. This work assesses the distribution of head-and-neck cancers presenting at a tertiary health institution and determined the serum level of the vitamins and an amino acid involved in the methionine cycle, in view of increasing acceptance of the significant role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of cancers. Patients and Methods: This study involved 30 newly diagnosed cases of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma. Thirty apparently healthy volunteers served as controls. The test cases were made up of 19 males and 11 females while controls were made up of 14 males and 16 females. The median ages of the test cases and controls were 59 and 63 years, respectively. Sera obtained from participants' blood were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography technique. The study protocol was approved by the joint University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Institution Review Board. Results: There is a male dominance in the number of cases at male-to-female ratio of 1.7: 1. The oral cavity was the most-affected site. Serum levels of Vitamin B2, B6, B12, and homocysteine were lower in cases compared with controls but not significantly so. However, serum Vitamin A and folic acid levels were significantly lower among the cases ([0.62 vs. 0.71, z = −2.50, P = 0.02], [26.05 vs. 30.82, z = 0.20, P = 0.00]) compared with controls. Only tobacco and alcohol use showed a significant association with head-and-neck cancer, but not family history of cancer or alcohol use alone (P = 0.00). Conclusion: Significantly low serum Vitamin A and hypofolataemia are associated with head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma. This is suggestive of a role for these vitamins in the etiopathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ifeolu Akinmoladun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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31
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Reis AADS, de Alcântara KC, de Farias DLC, Dos Anjos LRB, Rodrigues DA, Pedrino GR, Santos RDS. The influence of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1715-1718. [PMID: 31020666 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Some factors have been associated with the etiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), among them the Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in CLL. A case-control study was conducted with 219 individuals from Brazilian central population. MTHFR C677T polymorphism was determined through PCR-RFLP followed by PAGE. The T allele frequence was higher in patients diagnosed with CLL than healthy subjects. However, when stratified by gender, the TT genotype was exclusively found in men diagnosed with CLL (p < 0.05). Adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age was significantly linked to CLL predisposition (odds ratio = 1.08; p < 0.001). Studies evaluating the influence of genetic factors may provide insights on susceptibility for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Adamski da Silva Reis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Débora Acyole Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo da Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Department of Nature Sciences (LEdoC), Special Academic Unit of Human Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, GO, Brazil
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32
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Min KB, Min JY. Nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with elevated homocysteine levels in the general US adults. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15499. [PMID: 31045837 PMCID: PMC6504329 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a global health threat, understanding the risk factors for MRSA infection in the community may be a reasonable strategy to prevent it. We investigated the associations between serum homocysteine levels and prevalence of nasal colonization with S aureus and MRSA among United States adults. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of 7832 adults (20 years or older). The main outcome variables were nasal colonization with S aureus and MRSA. Percentages of colonization with S aureus and MRSA were calculated by the quartiles of serum homocysteine. A total of 7832 of 2051 subjects (26.2%) were culture positive for S aureus, 98 (4.8%) of whom had nasal colonization with MRSA. In comparison with subjects having the lowest serum homocysteine, the odds of nasal colonization with MRSA were significantly higher in those with the highest homocysteine (odds ratio, 3.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-8.61) in multivariate analysis, adjusted for all confounding variables. By contrast, homocysteine elevation was not significantly associated with S aureus colonization. Nasal colonization with MRSA in the general community was significantly associated with increases in serum homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Bok Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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33
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Hasan T, Arora R, Bansal AK, Bhattacharya R, Sharma GS, Singh LR. Disturbed homocysteine metabolism is associated with cancer. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-13. [PMID: 30804341 PMCID: PMC6389897 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia/Homocysteinuria is characterized by an increased level of toxic homocysteine in the plasma. The plasma concentration of homocysteine is 5–15 μmol/L in healthy individuals, while in hyperhomocysteinemic patients, it can be as high as 500 μmol/L. While increased homocysteine levels can cause symptoms such as osteoporosis and eye lens dislocation, high homocysteine levels are most closely associated with cardiovascular complications. Recent advances have shown that increased plasma Hcy is also a fundamental cause of neurodegenerative diseases (including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and dementia), diabetes, Down syndrome, and megaloblastic anemia, among others. In recent years, increased plasma homocysteine has also been shown to be closely related to cancer. In this review, we discuss the relation between elevated plasma Hcy levels and cancer, and we conclude that disturbed homocysteine metabolism is associated with cancer. Future clinical perspectives are also discussed. Cancer can be added to the wide range of diseases known to be associated with elevated blood levels of the small amino acid homocysteine. Abnormally high levels of this compound are already known to contribute to conditions including cardiovascular problems, neurodegenerative diseases, neural tube defects, Down’s syndrome, diabetes and megaloblastic anemia. This review, by Laishram R. Singh and colleagues at the University of Delhi, India, concludes that disturbed homocysteine metabolism is associated with many forms of human cancer. The authors discuss a range of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that may be involved in the cause and effect relationships between homocysteine metabolism and cancer. It is particularly interesting that low folate (vitamin B9) levels result in high homocysteine levels, and vice versa. Further research may yield insights leading to new forms of cancer treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauheed Hasan
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Reetika Arora
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Aniket Kumar Bansal
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Reshmee Bhattacharya
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Gurumayum Suraj Sharma
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
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34
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Tan GJS, Gerrand CH, Rankin KS. Blood-borne biomarkers of osteosarcoma: A systematic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27462. [PMID: 30251311 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. Development of clinically useful biomarkers has the potential to improve treatments. The aim of this review was to investigate the recent literature assessing the utility of biomarkers for osteosarcoma. A detailed literature search was performed, with hand searches for related research publications. The search was limited to publications in English between January 2007 and February 2017. Of 286 studies identified, 24 met the inclusion criteria. There is a wide range of osteosarcoma biomarkers identified which act as clinical prognostic factors in patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J S Tan
- The Ipswich Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom
| | - C H Gerrand
- The London Sarcoma Service, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - K S Rankin
- North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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35
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Shiao SPK, Grayson J, Yu CH. Gene-Metabolite Interaction in the One Carbon Metabolism Pathway: Predictors of Colorectal Cancer in Multi-Ethnic Families. J Pers Med 2018; 8:E26. [PMID: 30082654 PMCID: PMC6164460 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For personalized healthcare, the purpose of this study was to examine the key genes and metabolites in the one-carbon metabolism (OCM) pathway and their interactions as predictors of colorectal cancer (CRC) in multi-ethnic families. In this proof-of-concept study, we included a total of 30 participants, 15 CRC cases and 15 matched family/friends representing major ethnic groups in southern California. Analytics based on supervised machine learning were applied, with the target variable being specified as cancer, including the ensemble method and generalized regression (GR) prediction. Elastic Net with Akaike's Information Criterion with correction (AICc) and Leave-One-Out cross validation GR methods were used to validate the results for enhanced optimality, prediction, and reproducibility. The results revealed that despite some family members sharing genetic heritage, the CRC group had greater combined gene polymorphism-mutations than the family controls (p < 0.1) for five genes including MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G, MTRR A66G, and DHFR 19bp. Blood metabolites including homocysteine (7 µmol/L), methyl-folate (40 nmol/L) with total gene mutations (≥4); age (51 years) and vegetable intake (2 cups), and interactions of gene mutations and methylmalonic acid (MMA) (400 nmol/L) were significant predictors (all p < 0.0001) using the AICc. The results were validated by a 3% misclassification rate, AICc of 26, and >99% area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. These results point to the important roles of blood metabolites as potential markers in the prevention of CRC. Future intervention studies can be designed to target the ways to mitigate the enzyme-metabolite deficiencies in the OCM pathway to prevent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pamela K Shiao
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - James Grayson
- Hull College of Business, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Chong Ho Yu
- Department of Psychology, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, USA.
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36
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Cystathionine β-Synthase in Physiology and Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3205125. [PMID: 30050925 PMCID: PMC6046153 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3205125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) regulates homocysteine metabolism and contributes to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) biosynthesis through which it plays multifunctional roles in the regulation of cellular energetics, redox status, DNA methylation, and protein modification. Inactivating mutations in CBS contribute to the pathogenesis of the autosomal recessive disease CBS-deficient homocystinuria. Recent studies demonstrating that CBS promotes colon and ovarian cancer growth in preclinical models highlight a newly identified oncogenic role for CBS. On the contrary, tumor-suppressive effects of CBS have been reported in other cancer types, suggesting context-dependent roles of CBS in tumor growth and progression. Here, we review the physiological functions of CBS, summarize the complexities regarding CBS research in oncology, and discuss the potential of CBS and its key metabolites, including homocysteine and H2S, as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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37
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Shiao SPK, Grayson J, Lie A, Yu CH. Personalized Nutrition-Genes, Diet, and Related Interactive Parameters as Predictors of Cancer in Multiethnic Colorectal Cancer Families. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060795. [PMID: 29925788 PMCID: PMC6024706 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To personalize nutrition, the purpose of this study was to examine five key genes in the folate metabolism pathway, and dietary parameters and related interactive parameters as predictors of colorectal cancer (CRC) by measuring the healthy eating index (HEI) in multiethnic families. The five genes included methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 and 1298, methionine synthase (MTR) 2756, methionine synthase reductase (MTRR 66), and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) 19bp, and they were used to compute a total gene mutation score. We included 53 families, 53 CRC patients and 53 paired family friend members of diverse population groups in Southern California. We measured multidimensional data using the ensemble bootstrap forest method to identify variables of importance within domains of genetic, demographic, and dietary parameters to achieve dimension reduction. We then constructed predictive generalized regression (GR) modeling with a supervised machine learning validation procedure with the target variable (cancer status) being specified to validate the results to allow enhanced prediction and reproducibility. The results showed that the CRC group had increased total gene mutation scores compared to the family members (p < 0.05). Using the Akaike’s information criterion and Leave-One-Out cross validation GR methods, the HEI was interactive with thiamine (vitamin B1), which is a new finding for the literature. The natural food sources for thiamine include whole grains, legumes, and some meats and fish which HEI scoring included as part of healthy portions (versus limiting portions on salt, saturated fat and empty calories). Additional predictors included age, as well as gender and the interaction of MTHFR 677 with overweight status (measured by body mass index) in predicting CRC, with the cancer group having more men and overweight cases. The HEI score was significant when split at the median score of 77 into greater or less scores, confirmed through the machine-learning recursive tree method and predictive modeling, although an HEI score of greater than 80 is the US national standard set value for a good diet. The HEI and healthy eating are modifiable factors for healthy living in relation to dietary parameters and cancer prevention, and they can be used for personalized nutrition in the precision-based healthcare era.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pamela K Shiao
- College of Nursing and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - James Grayson
- Hull College of Business, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Amanda Lie
- Citrus Valley Health Partners, Foothill Presbyterian Hospital, Glendora, CA 91741, USA.
| | - Chong Ho Yu
- School of Business, University of Phoenix, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.
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38
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Shiao SPK, Lie A, Yu CH. Meta-analysis of homocysteine-related factors on the risk of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25681-25697. [PMID: 29876016 PMCID: PMC5986656 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the association between homocysteine and related measurements with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and adenomatous polyps (AP). Many studies presented an association between methyltetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms and risk of CRC. Yet, there have been variances on what homocysteine-related and dietary factors play on the risk of CRC or AP, in association with folate-related one carbon metabolism pathways. We pooled analyses to examine comprehensively all homocysteine related factors including blood tests measurements, dietary, and lifestyle factors for their associations with the risk of CRC and AP. We located 86 articles published from 1995 to 2017. The results revealed that elevated homocysteine levels and decreased vitamin B12 levels in the blood were associated with increased risks of CRC and AP, with case-control studies having greater significant effect sizes compared to that of cohort-control studies. Decreased methionine and vitamin B6 levels in the blood increased the risk of CRC. MTHFR 677 TT and CT polymorphisms were interacting with elevated homocysteine levels to increase the risk of CRC. Decreased dietary fiber, methionine, vitamin B9 or folate, and vitamin B6 intakes were associated with increased risks of CRC; whereas, increased dietary B12 intake, alcohol intake, and smoking were associated with increased risk of CRC. Further studies can be conducted to examine the mechanistic differences of blood levels of homocysteine-related and dietary factors, including different types of dietary fiber, for their effects on decreasing the homocysteine toxicity to prevent CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pamela K Shiao
- College of Nursing and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda Lie
- Citrus Valley Health Partners, Foothill Presbyterian Hospital, Glendora, CA, USA
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Kim J, Kim H, Roh H, Kwon Y. Causes of hyperhomocysteinemia and its pathological significance. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:372-383. [PMID: 29552692 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last 10 years, homocysteine has been regarded as a marker of cardiovascular disease and a definite risk factor for many other diseases. Homocysteine is biosynthesized from methionine through multiple steps and then goes through one of two major metabolic pathways: remethylation and transsulfuration. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a state in which too much homocysteine is present in the body. The main cause of hyperhomocysteinemia is a dysfunction of enzymes and cofactors associated with the process of homocysteine biosynthesis. Other causes include excessive methionine intake, certain diseases and side effects of some drugs. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a trigger for many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease and hearing loss. There are many studies showing a positive relationship between homocysteine level and various symptoms. We speculate that a high level of homocysteine can be the sole reason or an aggravating factor in numerous diseases for which causal links are not fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Ewha Institute for Global Pharmacy Leadership, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhee Kim
- Ewha Institute for Global Pharmacy Leadership, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Roh
- Ewha Institute for Global Pharmacy Leadership, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- Ewha Institute for Global Pharmacy Leadership, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea.
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Shiao SPK, Grayson J, Yu CH, Wasek B, Bottiglieri T. Gene Environment Interactions and Predictors of Colorectal Cancer in Family-Based, Multi-Ethnic Groups. J Pers Med 2018; 8:E10. [PMID: 29462916 PMCID: PMC5872084 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For the personalization of polygenic/omics-based health care, the purpose of this study was to examine the gene-environment interactions and predictors of colorectal cancer (CRC) by including five key genes in the one-carbon metabolism pathways. In this proof-of-concept study, we included a total of 54 families and 108 participants, 54 CRC cases and 54 matched family friends representing four major racial ethnic groups in southern California (White, Asian, Hispanics, and Black). We used three phases of data analytics, including exploratory, family-based analyses adjusting for the dependence within the family for sharing genetic heritage, the ensemble method, and generalized regression models for predictive modeling with a machine learning validation procedure to validate the results for enhanced prediction and reproducibility. The results revealed that despite the family members sharing genetic heritage, the CRC group had greater combined gene polymorphism rates than the family controls (p < 0.05), on MTHFR C677T, MTR A2756G, MTRR A66G, and DHFR 19 bp except MTHFR A1298C. Four racial groups presented different polymorphism rates for four genes (all p < 0.05) except MTHFR A1298C. Following the ensemble method, the most influential factors were identified, and the best predictive models were generated by using the generalized regression models, with Akaike's information criterion and leave-one-out cross validation methods. Body mass index (BMI) and gender were consistent predictors of CRC for both models when individual genes versus total polymorphism counts were used, and alcohol use was interactive with BMI status. Body mass index status was also interactive with both gender and MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism, and the exposure to environmental pollutants was an additional predictor. These results point to the important roles of environmental and modifiable factors in relation to gene-environment interactions in the prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pamela K Shiao
- College of Nursing and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - James Grayson
- College of Business, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Chong Ho Yu
- University of Phoenix, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.
| | - Brandi Wasek
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA.
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA.
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Khalighi K, Cheng G, Mirabbasi S, Khalighi B, Wu Y, Fan W. Opposite impact of Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase A1298C gene polymorphisms on systemic inflammation. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22401. [PMID: 29396861 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms have been found to be related with many diseases. Systemic inflammation is now considered as a major predisposition factor for diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary arterial disease (CAD), stroke, and cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether systemic inflammation is a possible underlying pathogenesis for MTHFR gene polymorphism-related disease. METHODS A total of 292 patients were enrolled, and single nucleotide polymorphisms for MTHFR C667T and A1298C were genotyped. Systemic inflammation markers, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were collected. RESULTS In our study population, MTHFR 677 variants had significant higher NLR level than MTHFR 677 wild type (3.77 ± 0.26 vs 3.06 ± 0.18, P = .028). Logistic regression analysis showed that MTHFR 677 variants were significantly associated with increased NLR level. MTHFR 1298 variants showed the opposite effects which tended to have lower level of NLR (3.21 ± 0.16 vs 3.79 ± 0.34, P = .087) and PLR (137.0 ± 4.8 vs 157.7 ± 9.4, P = .052) than MTHFR 1298 wild type. General linear model showed that there was no statistically significant interaction between MTHFR C667T and A1298C gene polymorphism on NLR or PLR. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms have opposite effect on systemic inflammation, and systemic inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis for diseases associated with MTHFR C667T gene polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koroush Khalighi
- Easton Hospital, Easton, PA, USA.,Easton Cardiovascular Associates, Easton, PA, USA.,School of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Bahar Khalighi
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yin Wu
- Easton Hospital, Easton, PA, USA
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Lee HO, Wang L, Kuo YM, Andrews AJ, Gupta S, Kruger WD. S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase over-expression does not alter S-adenosylmethionine or S-adenosylhomocysteine levels in CBS deficient mice. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 15:15-21. [PMID: 30023284 PMCID: PMC6047060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is associated with a number of human diseases including coronary artery disease, stroke, osteoporosis and dementia. It is highly correlated with intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). Since SAH is a strong inhibitor of methyl-transfer reactions involving the methyl-donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), elevation in SAH could be an explanation for the wide association of tHcy and human disease. Here, we have created a transgenic mouse (Tg-hAHCY) that expresses human S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) from a zinc-inducible promoter in the liver and kidney. Protein analysis shows that human AHCY is expressed well in both liver and kidney, but elevated AHCY enzyme activity (131% increase) is only detected in the kidney due to the high levels of endogenous mouse AHCY expression in liver. Tg-hAHCY mice were crossed with mice lacking cystathionine β-synthase activity (Tg-I278T Cbs−/−) to explore the effect to AHCY overexpression in the context of elevated serum tHcy and elevated tissue SAM and SAH. Overexpression of AHCY had no significant effect on the phenotypes of Tg-I278T Cbs−/− mice or any effect on the steady state concentrations of methionine, total homocysteine, SAM, SAH, and SAM/SAH ratio in the liver and kidney. Furthermore, enhanced AHCY activity did not lower serum and tissue tHcy or methionine levels. Our data suggests that enhancing AHCY activity does not alter the distribution of methionine recycling metabolites, even when they are greatly elevated by Cbs mutations.
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Key Words
- AHCY, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase
- CBS, cystathionine beta synthase
- CMC, carboxymethylcellulose
- Cbs−, CBS knockout allele
- HA, hemagglutinin
- HHcy, hyperhomocysteinemia
- Hcy, homocysteine
- Met, methionine
- Metabolism
- Methionine
- SAH, S-adenosyl homocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosyl methionine
- Tg-I278T, transgene human CBS containing the I278T mutation
- Transgenic
- Zn, zinc water
- tHcy, total homocysteine
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Ok Lee
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Liqun Wang
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J Andrews
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sapna Gupta
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Warren D Kruger
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Prediction of severe toxicity in adult patients under treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:1039-1046. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The antihypertensive MTHFR gene polymorphism rs17367504-G is a possible novel protective locus for preeclampsia. J Hypertens 2017; 35:132-139. [PMID: 27755385 PMCID: PMC5131692 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia is a complex heterogeneous disease commonly defined by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy. Women experiencing preeclampsia have increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) later in life. Preeclampsia and CVD share risk factors and pathophysiologic mechanisms, including dysregulated inflammation and raised blood pressure. Despite commonalities, little is known about the contribution of shared genes (pleiotropy) to these diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether genetic risk factors for hypertension or inflammation are pleiotropic by also being associated with preeclampsia. METHODS We genotyped 122 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in women with preeclampsia (n = 1006) and nonpreeclamptic controls (n = 816) from the Norwegian HUNT Study. SNPs were chosen on the basis of previously reported associations with either nongestational hypertension or inflammation in genome-wide association studies. The SNPs were tested for association with preeclampsia in a multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS The minor (G) allele of the intronic SNP rs17367504 in the gene methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) was associated with a protective effect on preeclampsia (odds ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.53-0.80) in the Norwegian cohort. This association did not replicate in an Australian preeclampsia case-control cohort (P = 0.68, odds ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.83-1.32, minor allele frequency = 0.15). CONCLUSION MTHFR is important for regulating transmethylation processes and is involved in regulation of folate metabolism. The G allele of rs17367504 has previously been shown to protect against nongestational hypertension. Our study suggests a novel association between this allele and reduced risk for preeclampsia. This is the first study associating the minor (G) allele of a SNP within the MTHFR gene with a protective effect on preeclampsia, and in doing so identifying a possible pleiotropic protective effect on preeclampsia and hypertension.
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Hyperhomocysteinemia results from and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma via CYP450 metabolism by CYP2J2 DNA methylation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15377-15392. [PMID: 28030819 PMCID: PMC5362492 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) can result from liver disease or dysfunction and further alters intracellular lipid metabolism. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) arachidonic acid epoxygenases are expressed in human cancers and promote cancer metastasis. This study explored the interaction of Hcy and CYP450 metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The levels of 4-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) isomers and their generative enzyme CYP2J2 level as well as intracellular Hcy level were higher in 42 cases of HCC than in paired non-tumor tissue. Elevated Hcy-decreased DNA methylation on SP1/AP1 binding motifs and enhancement on the CYP2J2 promoter via ERK1/2 signaling was essential for CYP2J2 upregulation and EET metabolism. Increased Hcy level enhanced the neoplastic cellular phenotype, which was reversed by CYP2J2 knockdown in vitro. Furthermore, tumor growth and size as well as patterns of CYP2J2 expression and DNA demethylation were increased with HHcy in mice induced orthotopically by 2% (wt/wt) L-methionine with or without folate deficiency. Moreover, the effect was attenuated by shRNA knockdown of CYP2J2. Thus, HHcy results from but can also promote hepatocarcingenesis via CYP450-EET metabolism by crosstalk of DNA demethylation of CYP2J2 and ERK1/2 signaling.
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Erugula SR, Kandukuri MK, Danappanavar PM, Ealla KKR, Velidandla S, Manikya S. Clinical Utility of Serum Homocysteine and Folate as Tumor Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC24-ZC28. [PMID: 27891452 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/19656.8637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy involving head and neck. Identifying the markers of molecular levels or biochemical markers involving the various metabolic reactions associated with the initiation and biological behavior of individual tumors are very important in diagnosis and prognosis. AIM To measure and compare the levels of serum Homocysteine (Hcy) and serum folate in OSCC patients, smoking group and healthy subjects and also to assess the clinical utility of serum Hcy as a potential tumor marker in OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group comprised of 60 subjects, of whom 30 were classified as OSCC cases (GROUP I) and 15 were classified as smokers without OSCC (GROUP II). The control group included 15 healthy individuals without smoking habit (Group III). Hcy was measured with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Folate estimation was done by Chemiluminiscence Immuno Assay (CLIA). Comparison of mean Hcy and folate values among the groups was done using ANOVA with Post-Hoc Games Howell test. Gender was compared using Chi-square test. Comparison of mean age was using ANOVA with Post-Hoc Tukey's test. RESULTS The mean serum folate level in OSCC patients was 5.34ng/mL, 7.68ng/mL in smoking group and 10.99ng/mL in control group. There was a significant difference in the mean serum folate levels among the three study groups (p<0.001). The mean serum Hcy in OSCC patients was 23.58μmol/L, 17.46μmol/L, in smoking group and 10.76μmol/l in controls. There was a significant difference in the mean serum Hcy levels among the three study groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The present study found an interesting association with serum Hcy and folate levels in OSCC which could be useful as a biochemical "Tumor Marker" and thereby providing insights into the onset and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Reddy Erugula
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, MNR Dental College and Hospital , Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Kandukuri
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences (MRIMS) , Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prasanna M Danappanavar
- Professor and Head of Department, Department of Oral Pathology, MNR Dental College and Hospital , Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Kranti Kiran Reddy Ealla
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, MNR Dental College and Hospital , Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Surekha Velidandla
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, MNR Dental College and Hospital , Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Sangameshwar Manikya
- Senior Lecturer, Department Of Oral Pathology, MNR Dental College and Hospital , Sangareddy, Telangana, India
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Haerian MS, Haerian BS, Molanaei S, Kosari F, Sabeti S, Bidari-Zerehpoosh F, Abdolali E, Zali MR. MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism and susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Iranian population: evidence of a case-control study and meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1957-1965. [PMID: 27790938 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated whether MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism contributes to risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), however the results are inconclusive. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate this hypothesis in a case-control study and meta-analysis in Iranian population. MATERIALS & METHODS This polymorphism was genotyped in the 2421 subjects (46% CRC patients) from Tehran. Meta-analysis was performed for determining the risk effect size of this polymorphism on CRC. RESULTS Both case-control study and meta-analysis showed no association between rs1801133 and CRC risk or its features. CONCLUSION This study failed to identify an association between the rs1801133 and susceptibility to CRC in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monir Sadat Haerian
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Yahyaeian Orthopedics Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batoul Sadat Haerian
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farid Kosari
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Sabeti
- Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Bidari-Zerehpoosh
- Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Abdolali
- Department of Pathology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Howe CG, Liu X, Hall MN, Ilievski V, Caudill MA, Malysheva O, Lomax-Luu AM, Parvez F, Siddique AB, Shahriar H, Uddin MN, Islam T, Graziano JH, Costa M, Gamble MV. Sex-Specific Associations between One-Carbon Metabolism Indices and Posttranslational Histone Modifications in Arsenic-Exposed Bangladeshi Adults. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 26:261-269. [PMID: 27765800 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttranslational histone modifications (PTHMs) are altered by arsenic, an environmental carcinogen. PTHMs are also influenced by nutritional methyl donors involved in one-carbon metabolism (OCM), which may protect against epigenetic dysregulation. METHODS We measured global levels of three PTHMs, which are dysregulated in cancers (H3K36me2, H3K36me3, H3K79me2), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 324 participants enrolled in the Folic Acid and Creatine Trial, a randomized trial in arsenic-exposed Bangladeshi adults. Sex-specific associations between several blood OCM indices (folate, vitamin B12, choline, betaine, homocysteine) and PTHMs were examined at baseline using regression models, adjusted for multiple tests by controlling for the false discovery rate (PFDR). We also evaluated the effects of folic acid supplementation (400 μg/d for 12 weeks), compared with placebo, on PTHMs. RESULTS Associations between choline and H3K36me2 and between vitamin B12 and H3K79me2 differed significantly by sex (Pdiff < 0.01 and <0.05, respectively). Among men, plasma choline was positively associated with H3K36me2 (PFDR < 0.05), and among women, plasma vitamin B12 was positively associated with H3K79me2 (PFDR < 0.01). Folic acid supplementation did not alter any of the PTHMs examined (PFDR = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS OCM indices may influence PTHMs in a sex-dependent manner, and folic acid supplementation, at this dose and duration, does not alter PTHMs in PBMCs. IMPACT This is the first study to examine the influences of OCM indices on PTHMs in a population that may have increased susceptibility to cancer development due to widespread exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water and a high prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(2); 261-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Megan N Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Vesna Ilievski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Olga Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Angela M Lomax-Luu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Abu B Siddique
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Shahriar
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad N Uddin
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tariqul Islam
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Joseph H Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York
| | - Mary V Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
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Corbin JM, Ruiz-Echevarría MJ. One-Carbon Metabolism in Prostate Cancer: The Role of Androgen Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1208. [PMID: 27472325 PMCID: PMC5000606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell metabolism differs significantly from the metabolism of non-transformed cells. This altered metabolic reprogramming mediates changes in the uptake and use of nutrients that permit high rates of proliferation, growth, and survival. The androgen receptor (AR) plays an essential role in the establishment and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), and in the metabolic adaptation that takes place during this progression. In its role as a transcription factor, the AR directly affects the expression of several effectors and regulators of essential catabolic and biosynthetic pathways. Indirectly, as a modulator of the one-carbon metabolism, the AR can affect epigenetic processes, DNA metabolism, and redox balance, all of which are important factors in tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on the role of AR-signaling on one-carbon metabolism in tumorigenesis. Clinical implications of one-carbon metabolism and AR-targeted therapies for PCa are discussed in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Corbin
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Maria J Ruiz-Echevarría
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center and Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Plasma Folate and Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071032. [PMID: 27376276 PMCID: PMC4964408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate and vitamin B12 involved in the one-carbon metabolism may play a key role in carcinogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through influencing DNA integrity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association of plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels with HCC in a case-control study on 312 HCC patients and 325 cancer-free controls. Plasma concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 in all the subjects were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Meanwhile, the information of HCC patients' clinical characteristics including tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, tumor size and tumor markers were collected. The patients of HCC had significantly lower folate levels than those of controls; there was no significant difference in the mean of plasma vitamin B12 levels. We also observed an inverse association between the levels of plasma folate and HCC: the adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals (CI)) of HCC from the highest to lowest quartile of folate were 0.30 (0.15-0.60), 0.33 (0.17-0.65), and 0.19 (0.09-0.38). Compared to the subjects in the lowest quartile of plasma vitamin B12, only the subjects in the highest quartile of vitamin B12 exhibited a significant positive relationship with HCC, the adjusted OR was 2.01 (95% CI, 1.02-3.98). HCC patients with Stage III and IV or bigger tumor size had lower folate and higher vitamin B12 levels. There was no significant difference in the mean plasma folate levels of the HCC cases in tumor markers status (AFP, CEA and CA19-9 levels), whereas patients with higher CEA or CA19-9 levels retained significantly more plasma vitamin B12 than those with normal-CEA or CA19-9 level. In conclusion, plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels could be associated with HCC, and might be used as predictors of clinical characteristics of HCC patients. However, further prospective studies are essential to confirm the observed results.
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