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Peng X, Wang H, Yang Z. Differences in Male-Killing Rickettsia Bacteria between Lineages of the Invasive Gall-Causing Pest Leptocybe invasa. INSECTS 2023; 14:757. [PMID: 37754725 PMCID: PMC10532318 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a global invasive pest that seriously damages eucalyptus plants and has caused serious harm to forestry production in many countries. Two genotypically distinct lineages of L. invasa have been detected outside of Australia, namely, lineage A and lineage B. However, the composition and abundance of endosymbiotic bacteria in L. invasa are still unclear between lineages. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the bacterial communities in female adults of L. invasa of different lineages distributed in the same domain; (2) Methods: The PacBio Sequel II platform was used to compare bacterial community composition between lineages of L. invasa by sequencing the V1-V9 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to compare the relative expression of Rickettsia between lineages of L. invasa; (3) Results: A total of 437 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained. These OTUs were subdivided into 20 phyla, 32 classes, 77 orders, 129 families, and 217 genera. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria in lineage A and lineage B were Rickettsia and Bacteroides, respectively. There were differences in the bacterial community of L. invasa between lineages, and the abundance and relative expression of Rickettsia in lineage A were significantly higher than those in lineage B; (4) Conclusions: There were differences in the bacterial community of L. invasa between lineages, and the abundance and relative expression of Rickettsia in lineage A were significantly higher than those in lineage B.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhende Yang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.P.); (H.W.)
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2
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Ye F, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Pan L, Yefremova Z, Yang L, Guo J, Liu W. The thelytokous strain of the parasitoid Neochrysocharis formosa outperforms the arrhenotokous strain in reproductive capacity and biological control of agromyzid leafminers. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:729-740. [PMID: 36258287 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both arrhenotoky (sexual reproduction of females and asexual reproduction of males) and thelytoky (asexual reproduction of females) occur within the order Hymenoptera. The existence of both thelytokous and arrhenotokous strains within one species provides an opportunity to compare the biocontrol efficiency between two reproductive modes. The parasitoid Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has thelytokous and arrhenotokous strains with sympatric distributions. This parasitoid is used to control invasive leafminers through feeding, stinging, and parasitization. To compare the biocontrol efficiency of the two strains, we analyzed life tables and host-killing parameters of these two strains reared on the leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard using the age-stage, two-sex life table and the CONSUME-MSChart software. RESULTS Our results showed that the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0 ) of the thelytokous strain were significantly higher than those of the arrhenotokous strain. The thelytokous females also performed better than the arrhenotokous females for the net host-feeding rate, net host-stinging rate, and net host-killing rate, but not the finite parasitism rate. Conclusively, the finite host-killing rate of the thelytokous strain (0.8720 ± 0.0516) was significantly higher than that of the arrhenotokous strain (0.5914 ± 0.0832). CONCLUSION We concluded that thelytokous N. formosa is a better candidate as a biocontrol agent than arrhenotokous N. formosa to control leafminers. Our results shed light on how to choose a better biocontrol agent for integrated pest management (IPM) based on biological control, especially for co-occurring thelytokous and arrhenotokous parasitoids. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuemei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanxi Normal University, College of Life Science, Linfen, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liting Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zoya Yefremova
- Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liyan Yang
- Shanxi Normal University, College of Life Science, Linfen, China
| | - Jianyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fan ZY, Liu Y, He ZQ, Wen Q, Chen XY, Khan MM, Osman M, Mandour NS, Qiu BL. Rickettsia Infection Benefits Its Whitefly Hosts by Manipulating Their Nutrition and Defense. INSECTS 2022; 13:1161. [PMID: 36555070 PMCID: PMC9785894 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Endosymbionts play an essential role in the biology, physiology and immunity of insects. Many insects, including the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, are infected with the facultative endosymbiont Rickettsia. However, the mutualism between Rickettsia and its whitefly host remains unclear. This study investigated the biological and physiological benefits of Rickettsia infection to B. tabaci. Results revealed that infection of Rickettsia increased the fertility, the survival rate from nymph to adult and the number of female whiteflies. In addition, this facilitation caused a significant reduction in nymphal developmental duration but did not affect percentage rate of egg hatching. Rickettsia infected B. tabaci had significantly higher glycogen, soluble sugar and trehalose contents than Rickettsia negative B. tabaci individuals. Rickettsia also improved the immunity of its whitefly hosts. Rickettsia infested B. tabaci had lower mortality rates and higher semi-lethal concentrations (LC50) when exposed to the fungus Akanthomyces attenuatus and the insecticides imidacloprid and spirotetramat. The percentage of parasitism by Encarsia formosa was also reduced by Rickettsia infection. Overall, Rickettsia infection benefits B. tabaci by improving the nutritional composition of its host, and also protects B. tabaci by enhancing its resistance towards insecticides (imidacloprid and spirotetramat), entomopathogenic fungi (A. attenuatus) and its main parasitoid (E. formosa); all of which could significantly impact on current management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yun Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi-Qi He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qin Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Musa Khan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mohamed Osman
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Nasser Said Mandour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
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de Benedetta F, Gargiulo S, Miele F, Figlioli L, Innangi M, Audisio P, Nugnes F, Bernardo U. The spread of Carpophilus truncatus is on the razor's edge between an outbreak and a pest invasion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18841. [PMID: 36344625 PMCID: PMC9640586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, in southern Italy (Campania) there was an outbreak of a sap beetle infesting stored walnut fruits. A monitoring activity started to assess the spread and impact of the pest in walnut orchards and in warehouses, and an integrative characterization led to identify the beetle as Carpophilus truncatus. This species has been in Europe for a long time, rare and harmless until recently. We show also that this species is the same recently recorded in other two continents, Latin America and Australia, where it is causing massive damage on walnut and almond fruits. The sharing of a mitochondrial haplotype among populations recorded on three continents suggests that a worldwide invasion might be ongoing. A Geographic Profiling approach has determined that the more virulent population was first introduced in Italy, and the climate conditions of areas where C. truncatus is currently widespread and harmful indicate that the entire walnuts world production is in jeopardy as this species could adapt to any of the main walnut and almond production areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia de Benedetta
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Simona Gargiulo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Fortuna Miele
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Laura Figlioli
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Michele Innangi
- grid.10373.360000000122055422Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, IS Italy
| | - Paolo Audisio
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via A. Borelli, 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Nugnes
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Umberto Bernardo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
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Abundance and Localization of Symbiotic Bacterial Communities in the Fly Parasitoid Spalangia cameroni. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0254921. [PMID: 35420439 PMCID: PMC9088259 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02549-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular eukaryotes often host multiple microbial symbionts that may cooperate or compete for host resources, such as space and nutrients. Here, we studied the abundances and localization of four bacterial symbionts, Rickettsia, Wolbachia, Sodalis, and Arsenophonus, in the parasitic wasp Spalangia cameroni. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), we measured the symbionts' titers in wasps that harbor different combinations of these symbionts. We found that the titer of each symbiont decreased as the number of symbiont species in the community increased. Symbionts' titers were higher in females than in males. Rickettsia was the most abundant symbiont in all the communities, followed by Sodalis and Wolbachia. The titers of these three symbionts were positively correlated in some of the colonies. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was in line with the qPCR results: Rickettsia, Wolbachia, and Sodalis were observed in high densities in multiple organs, including brain, muscles, gut, Malpighian tubules, fat body, ovaries, and testes, while Arsenophonus was localized to fewer organs and in lower densities. Sodalis and Arsenophonus were observed in ovarian follicle cells but not within oocytes or laid eggs. This study highlights the connection between symbionts' abundance and localization. We discuss the possible connections between our findings to symbiont transmission success. IMPORTANCE Many insects carry intracellular bacterial symbionts (bacteria that reside within the cells of the insect). When multiple symbiont species cohabit in a host, they may compete or cooperate for space, nutrients, and transmission, and the nature of such interactions would be reflected in the abundance of each symbiont species. Given the widespread occurrence of coinfections with maternally transmitted symbionts in insects, it is important to learn more about how they interact, where they are localized, and how these two aspects affect their co-occurrence within individual insects. Here, we studied the abundance and the localization of four symbionts, Rickettsia, Wolbachia, Sodalis, and Arsenophonus, that cohabit the parasitic wasp Spalangia cameroni. We found that symbionts' titers differed between symbiotic communities. These results were corroborated by microscopy, which shows differential localization patterns. We discuss the findings in the contexts of community ecology, possible symbiont-symbiont interactions, and host control mechanisms that may shape the symbiotic community structure.
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Liu Y, Xu L, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Fang D, Zheng X, Yang Z, Lu M. Isolation, Identification, and Analysis of Potential Functions of Culturable Bacteria Associated with an Invasive Gall Wasp, Leptocybe invasa. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:151-166. [PMID: 33758980 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Symbioses between invasive insects and bacteria are one of the key drivers of insect invasion success. Gall-inducing insects stimulate host plants to produce galls, which affects the normal growth of plants. Leptocybe invasa Fisher et La Salle, an invasive gall-inducing wasp, mainly damages Eucalyptus plantations in Southern China, but little is known about its associated bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of bacterial communities at different developmental stages of L. invasa and to identify possible ecological functions of the associated bacteria. Bacteria associated with L. invasa were isolated using culture-dependent methods and their taxonomic statuses were determined by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 88 species belonging to four phyla, 27 families, and 44 genera were identified by phylogenetic analysis. The four phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, mainly from the genera Pantoea, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Curtobacterium, Sphingobium, Klebsiella, and Rhizobium. Among them, 72 species were isolated in the insect gall stage and 46 species were isolated from the adult stage. The most abundant bacterial species were γ-Proteobacteria. We found significant differences in total bacterial counts and community compositions at different developmental stages, and identified possible ecological roles of L. invasa-associated bacteria. This study is the first to systematically investigate the associated bacteria of L. invasa using culture-dependent methods, and provides a reference for other gall-inducing insects and associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Letian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhouqiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongyou Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongxue Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xialin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhende Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Guo C, Peng X, Wang H, Zheng X, Hu P, Zhou J, Ding Z, Wang X, Yang Z. Bacterial diversity of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from different geographical conditions in China. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 108:e21847. [PMID: 34596262 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insects harbor numerous endosymbionts, including bacteria, fungi, yeast, and viruses, which could affect the ecology and behavior of their hosts. However, data regarding the effect of environmental factors on endosymbiotic bacteria of Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are quite rare. In this study, we assessed the diversity of endosymbiotic bacteria of L. invasa from 10 different geographic populations collected across China through the Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of 547 OTUs were generated, which were annotated into 19 phyla, 33 classes, 75 orders, 137 families, and 274 genera. The dominant bacteria detected in L. invasa were Rickettsia, and Pantoea, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Bacillus were also annotated among each population. Nevertheless, the endosymbiotic bacterial abundance and diversity varied among different populations, which was related to the local climate (annual mean high temperature). The bacterial function prediction analysis showed that these endosymbiotic bacteria were concentrated in metabolism, such as carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism. Overall, the results provide a comprehensive description of the endosymbiotic bacteria in 10 different populations of an important eucalyptus pest L. invasa, and help to understand the endosymbiotic bacterial diversity and adaptation of various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Guo
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Peng
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hantang Wang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xialin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhirou Ding
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhende Yang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Peng X, Wang H, Guo C, Hu P, Xu L, Zhou J, Ding Z, Yang Z. Genetic diversity analysis of the invasive gall pest Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Apodemidae) from China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258610. [PMID: 34648583 PMCID: PMC8516283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptocybe invasa Fisher et LaSalle is a global invasive pest that seriously damages Eucalyptus plants. Studying the genetic diversity, genetic structure and introgression hybridization of L. invasa in China is of great significance for clarifying the breeding strategy, future invasion and diffusion trends of L. invasa in China and developing scientific prevention and control measures. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses of 320 L. invasa female adults from 14 geographic populations in China were conducted using 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci (SSRs) and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences (COIs). (1) The Bayesian phylogenetic tree and haplotype network diagram showed that only haplotype Hap3 existed in L. invasa lineage B in China, while haplotypes Hap1 and Hap2 existed in lineage A, among which haplotype Hap2 was found for the first time. The nucleotide and haplotype diversities of lineage A were higher than those of lineage B. (2) The SSR genetic diversity of the Wuzhou Guangxi, Ganzhou Jiangxi and Panzhihua Sichuan populations was higher than that of the other 11 populations, and the SSR genetic diversity of lineage A was higher than that of lineage B. (3) The AMOVA analysis of mitochondrial COI data showed that 75.55% of the variation was among populations, and 99.86% of the variation was between lineages, while the AMOVA analysis of nuclear SSR data showed that 35.26% of the variation was among populations, and 47.04% of the variation was between lineages. There were obvious differences in the sources of variation between the COI and SSR data. (4) The optimal K value of COI and SSR data in structure analysis was 2, and PCoA analysis also divided the dataset into two obvious categories. The UPMGA phylogenetic tree based on SSR data clustered 14 geographic species into two groups. The results of genetic structure analysis supported the existence of two lineages, A and B, in China. (5) Structural analysis showed that there was obvious introgressive hybridization in Wuzhou Guangxi, Ganzhou Jiangxi, Panzhihua Sichuan and other populations. These results suggest that lineage introgressive hybridization has occurred in the L. invasa population in China. The introgressive hybridization degree and genetic diversity of lineage A are obviously higher than those of lineage B. Lineage introgressive hybridization may be the driving force for further L. invasa invasion and diffusion in China in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hantang Wang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunhui Guo
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhirou Ding
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhende Yang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail:
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Ophelimus bipolaris sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a New Invasive Eucalyptus Pest and Its Host Plants in China. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12090778. [PMID: 34564218 PMCID: PMC8465356 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eucalyptus species have become one of the most commonly planted trees worldwide, including China, due to their fast growth and various commercial applications. However, the productivity of Eucalyptus plantations has been threatened by exotic invasive insect pests in recent years. Among these pests, gall inducers of the genus Ophelimus of the Eulophidae family are among the most important invasive species in Eucalyptus plantations. We report here for the first time the presence of a new invasive Eucalyptus gall wasp, Ophelimus bipolaris sp. n., in Guangzhou, China, which also represents the first species of the genus reported from China. The identity of the new species was confirmed by an integrative approach combing biological, morphological and molecular evidence. The new species is described and illustrated. This wasp induces galls only on the leaf blade surface of four Eucalyptus species: E. grandis, E. grandis × E. urophylla, E. tereticornis and E. urophylla. Our preliminary observation showed that O. bipolaris could complete a life cycle on E. urophylla in approximately 2 months under local climatic conditions (23.5-30 °C). Considering the severe damage it may cause to Eucalyptus production, further investigations of its biology and control are urgently needed in China.
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Sarmento MI, Pinto G, Araújo WL, Silva RC, Lima CHO, Soares AM, Sarmento RA. Differential development times of galls induced by Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reveal differences in susceptibility between two Eucalyptus clones. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1042-1051. [PMID: 33001575 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of morphological responses of hosts on susceptibility against gall-inducing insects is relatively unknown, especially in planted forests. Here, we investigate the temporal morphological responses (gall development) induced by the invasive gall wasp Leptocybe invasa and the subsequent insect development in two Eucalyptus clones. RESULTS Our results identified a novel stage of gall development, not previously reported, termed here 'brownish ring'. In both hosts similar gall development stages were observed. Although L. invasa oviposited in both clones, comparison of external morphological traits of galls over time revealed a differential response in the number of galls between clones. Comparison of the developmental time of each gall and insect stage between clones suggests that plant defense mechanisms against L. invasa are activated shortly after oviposition by the wasp, yet before gall formation. CONCLUSION Gall number is an important parameter that should be used to measure host susceptibility among Eucalyptus clones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing differential morphological responses induced by a galling insect, even before gall formation, revealing differences in susceptibility between different plant hosts. These findings provide insight into the use of early stages of gall formation by L. invasa to prevent invasion and establishment of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Ignacio Sarmento
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Glória Pinto
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata C Silva
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil
| | | | - Amadeu Mvm Soares
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Renato A Sarmento
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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11
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Zhang H, Song J, Zhao H, Li M, Han W. Predicting the Distribution of the Invasive Species Leptocybe invasa: Combining MaxEnt and Geodetector Models. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020092. [PMID: 33494404 PMCID: PMC7911618 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Leptocybe invasa is a global eucalyptus plantation invasive pest and the second alien invasive species in China. In this study, based on the current distribution data of L. invasa in China, combined with a geographic detector model and MaxEnt model, the main environmental variables were selected, and potential suitable growth areas of L. invasa in China in 2030 and 2050 were predicted. The results show that under the future climate change scenario, the potential distribution core areas of L. invasa in China will be located in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan, and tend to spread to high latitudes (Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and other regions). Combined with the results of predicting the potential suitable zone in this study, we can clearly identify its diffusion trend, which has important theoretical significance for curbing the growth and development of L. invasa and formulating effective control measures. Abstract Leptocybe invasa is a globally invasive pest of eucalyptus plantations, and is steadily spread throughout China. Predicting the growth area of L. invasa in China is beneficial to the establishment of early monitoring, forecasting, and prevention of this pest. Based on 194 valid data points and 21 environmental factors of L. invasa in China, this study simulated the potential distribution area of L. invasa in China under three current and future climate scenarios (SSPs1–2.5, SSPs2–3.5, and SSPs5–8.5) via the MaxEnt model. The study used the species distribution model (SDM) toolbox in ArcGIS software to analyze the potential distribution range and change of L. invasa. The importance of crucial climate factors was evaluated by total contribution rate, knife-cut method, and environmental variable response curve, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to test and evaluate the accuracy of the model. The results showed that the simulation effect of the MaxEnt model is excellent (area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.982). The prediction showed that L. invasa is mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, and surrounding provinces, which is consistent with the current actual distribution range. The distribution area of the potential high fitness zone of L. invasa in the next three scenarios increases by between 37.37% and 95.20% compared with the current distribution. Climate change affects the distribution of L. invasa, with the annual average temperature, the lowest temperature of the coldest month, the average temperature of the driest season, the average temperature of the coldest month, and the precipitation in the wettest season the most important. In the future, the core areas of the potential distribution of L. invasa in China will be located in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan. They tend to spread to high latitudes (Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and other regions).
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12
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Mphahlele MM, Isik F, Hodge GR, Myburg AA. Genomic Breeding for Diameter Growth and Tolerance to Leptocybe Gall Wasp and Botryosphaeria/ Teratosphaeria Fungal Disease Complex in Eucalyptus grandis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:638969. [PMID: 33719317 PMCID: PMC7952757 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus grandis is one of the most important species for hardwood plantation forestry around the world. At present, its commercial deployment is in decline because of pests and pathogens such as Leptocybe invasa gall wasp (Lepto), and often co-occurring fungal stem diseases such as Botryosphaeria dothidea and Teratosphaeria zuluensis (BotryoTera). This study analyzed Lepto, BotryoTera, and stem diameter growth in an E. grandis multi-environmental, genetic trial. The study was established in three subtropical environments. Diameter growth and BotryoTera incidence scores were assessed on 3,334 trees, and Lepto incidence was assessed on 4,463 trees from 95 half-sib families. Using the Eucalyptus EUChip60K SNP chip, a subset of 964 trees from 93 half-sib families were genotyped with 14,347 informative SNP markers. We employed single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) to estimate genetic parameters in the genetic trial. Diameter and Lepto tolerance showed a positive genetic correlation (0.78), while BotryoTera tolerance had a negative genetic correlation with diameter growth (-0.38). The expected genetic gains for diameter growth and Lepto and BotryoTera tolerance were 12.4, 10, and -3.4%, respectively. We propose a genomic selection breeding strategy for E. grandis that addresses some of the present population structure problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makobatjatji M. Mphahlele
- Mondi Forests, Research and Development Department, Trahar Technology Centre – TTC, Hilton, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fikret Isik
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Gary R. Hodge
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Camcore, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Alexander A. Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Alexander A. Myburg,
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13
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Driscoll TP, Verhoeve VI, Brockway C, Shrewsberry DL, Plumer M, Sevdalis SE, Beckmann JF, Krueger LM, Macaluso KR, Azad AF, Gillespie JJ. Evolution of Wolbachia mutualism and reproductive parasitism: insight from two novel strains that co-infect cat fleas. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10646. [PMID: 33362982 PMCID: PMC7750005 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that infect arthropods and certain nematodes. Usually maternally inherited, they may provision nutrients to (mutualism) or alter sexual biology of (reproductive parasitism) their invertebrate hosts. We report the assembly of closed genomes for two novel wolbachiae, wCfeT and wCfeJ, found co-infecting cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) of the Elward Laboratory colony (Soquel, CA, USA). wCfeT is basal to nearly all described Wolbachia supergroups, while wCfeJ is related to supergroups C, D and F. Both genomes contain laterally transferred genes that inform on the evolution of Wolbachia host associations. wCfeT carries the Biotin synthesis Operon of Obligate intracellular Microbes (BOOM); our analyses reveal five independent acquisitions of BOOM across the Wolbachia tree, indicating parallel evolution towards mutualism. Alternately, wCfeJ harbors a toxin-antidote operon analogous to the wPip cinAB operon recently characterized as an inducer of cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in flies. wCfeJ cinB and three adjacent genes are collectively similar to large modular toxins encoded in CI-like operons of certain Wolbachia strains and Rickettsia species, signifying that CI toxins streamline by fission of large modular toxins. Remarkably, the C. felis genome itself contains two CI-like antidote genes, divergent from wCfeJ cinA, revealing episodic reproductive parasitism in cat fleas and evidencing mobility of CI loci independent of WO-phage. Additional screening revealed predominant co-infection (wCfeT/wCfeJ) amongst C. felis colonies, though fleas in wild populations mostly harbor wCfeT alone. Collectively, genomes of wCfeT, wCfeJ, and their cat flea host supply instances of lateral gene transfers that could drive transitions between parasitism and mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria I Verhoeve
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Mariah Plumer
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Spiridon E Sevdalis
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John F Beckmann
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Laura M Krueger
- Orange County Mosquito and Vector Control District, Garden Grove, CA, USA
| | - Kevin R Macaluso
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Abdu F Azad
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph J Gillespie
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Le NH, Nahrung HF, Morgan JAT, Lawson SA. Multivariate ratio analysis and DNA markers reveal a new Australian species and three synonymies in eucalypt-gall-associated Megastigmus (Hymenoptera: Megastigmidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:709-724. [PMID: 32456717 DOI: 10.1017/s000748532000022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The genus Megastigmus Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera: Megastigmidae) contains potential biocontrol agents of the invasive eucalypt galling chalcid Leptocybe spp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with several species reported in various parts of the world. Species discrimination is challenging due to intraspecific morphological variation, difficulty in measuring sizes of body parts, and the lack of information regarding the global distribution of parasitic Megastigmus. We used two species commonly associated with Leptocybe in its native range to review taxonomic methods and determine the most reliable morphological characters in species delimitation. We examined size variation of body characters, and conducted species discrimination using multivariate ratio analysis, mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and nuclear 28S rDNA (28S) sequences. Morphological traits were effective in species delimitation yet revealed high variation in several characters employed in current keys. Knowledge generated on morphology and DNA justified the description of a new species, M. manonae, sp. n., the first record of M. pretorianensis in Australia, and revised diagnostic characters for M. zvimendeli. Based on these diagnostic characters and molecular data, we synonymize three species (M. judikingae, syn. n., from Australia, M. sichuanensis, syn. n., from China and M. icipeensis, syn. n., from Kenya) with M. zvimendeli. Our findings highlight the importance of molecular markers in assisting taxonomic decision-making and the need for coordinated work in identifying Megastigmus associated with Leptocybe spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Hoan Le
- Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD4556, Australia
| | - Helen F Nahrung
- Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD4556, Australia
| | - Jess A T Morgan
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, EcoSciences Precinct, PO Box 267, BrisbaneQueensland4001, Australia
| | - Simon A Lawson
- Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD4556, Australia
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15
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Semiatizki A, Weiss B, Bagim S, Rohkin-Shalom S, Kaltenpoth M, Chiel E. Effects, interactions, and localization of Rickettsia and Wolbachia in the house fly parasitoid, Spalangia endius. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:718-728. [PMID: 32488484 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many insect species harbor facultative microbial symbionts that affect their biology in diverse ways. Here, we studied the effects, interactions, and localization of two bacterial symbionts-Wolbachia and Rickettsia-in the parasitoid Spalangia endius. We crossed between four S. endius colonies-Wolbachia only (W), Rickettsia only (R), both (WR), and none (aposymbiotic, APS) (16 possible crosses) and found that Wolbachia induces incomplete cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), both when the males are W or WR. Rickettsia did not cause reproductive manipulations and did not rescue the Wolbachia-induced CI. However, when R females were crossed with W or WR males, significantly less offspring were produced compared with that of control crosses. In non-CI crosses, the presence of Wolbachia in males caused a significant reduction in offspring numbers. Females' developmental time was significantly prolonged in the R colony, with adults starting to emerge one day later than the other colonies. Other fitness parameters did not differ significantly between the colonies. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization microscopy in females, we found that Wolbachia is localized alongside Rickettsia inside oocytes, follicle cells, and nurse cells in the ovaries. However, Rickettsia is distributed also in muscle cells all over the body, in ganglia, and even in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Semiatizki
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, 36006, Tivon, Israel
| | - Benjamin Weiss
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shir Bagim
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, 36006, Tivon, Israel
| | - Sarit Rohkin-Shalom
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, 36006, Tivon, Israel
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elad Chiel
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, 36006, Tivon, Israel.
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16
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Le NH, Nahrung HF, Morgan JAT, Ogbourne S, Lawson SA. Molecular markers reveal diversity in composition of Megastigmus (Hymenoptera: Megastigmidae) from eucalypt galls. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11565-11578. [PMID: 33144984 PMCID: PMC7593149 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since outbreaks of the invasive blue gum chalcids Leptocybe spp. began, the genus Megastigmus (Hymenoptera: Megastigmidae) has been increasingly studied as containing potential biocontrol agents against these pests. Megastigmus species have been collected and described from Australia, the presumed origin of Leptocybe spp., with M. zvimendeli and M. lawsoni reported as Leptocybe spp. parasitoids established outside of Australia. Parasitic Megastigmus have been reported to occur locally in the Neotropics, Afrotropic, Palearctic, and Indomalaya biogeographic realms, and in many cases described as new to science. However, molecular tools have not been used in studying parasitic Megastigmus, and difficulties in morphological taxonomy have compromised further understanding of eucalypt-associated Megastigmus as well as the Megastigmus-Leptocybe association. In this study, we used molecular markers to study the species composition and phylogeny of Megastigmus collected from eucalypt galls in Australia and from Leptocybe spp. galls from South Africa, Kenya, Israel, China, and Vietnam. We record thirteen discrete species and a species complex associated with eucalypt galls. A summary of morphological characters is provided to assist morphological delimitation of the studied group. A phylogeny based on 28S rDNA identified species groups of importance to Leptocybe spp. biocontrol agents from four clades with nine species. Relationships between Megastigmus from eucalypt galls and their phytophagous congeners were unresolved. Further molecular work is needed to clarify the identity of many species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Hoan Le
- Forest Industries Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsQLDAustralia
| | - Helen F. Nahrung
- Forest Industries Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsQLDAustralia
| | - Jess A. T. Morgan
- Department of Agriculture and FisheriesEcoSciences PrecinctBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Steven Ogbourne
- GeneCology Research CentreSchool of Science and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsQLDAustralia
| | - Simon A. Lawson
- Forest Industries Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsQLDAustralia
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17
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Russo E, Nugnes F, Vicinanza F, Garonna AP, Bernardo U. Biological and molecular characterization of Aromia bungii (Faldermann, 1835) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an emerging pest of stone fruits in Europe. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7112. [PMID: 32346054 PMCID: PMC7188857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The red-necked longhorn beetle (RLB) Aromia bungii (Fald.) is an emerging pest of stone fruit trees, native to East Asia, accidentally introduced in Europe (Germany and Italy) and Japan. Threatening seriously the stone fruit crops in Europe, RLB was added to both the EPPO A1 and priority pest lists of quarantine species. Molecular analyses highlighted that all specimens recovered in southern Italy share the same haplotype, different from the German one, supporting that the invasive process in Europe started from at least two independent introductions. To fill the existing gap of biological knowledge about A. bungii, several laboratory tests were carried out on specimens collected in the outbreak area of Naples (Italy). Results suggest a high biotic potential of the RLB Italian population. Females showed a short pre-oviposition period while the period of oviposition lasted about three weeks, with a rate of 24.2 eggs/day. Each female laid an average of 587.5 eggs and spawned the largest amount of eggs during the first week after emergence. Fed males live up to 62 days at 20 °C while fed females about 63 days at 25 °C. These results are crucial to draw up a multi-facet IPM approach against A. bungii in the outbreak areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Russo
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Portici, Italy
| | - Francesco Nugnes
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Portici, Italy.
| | - Francesco Vicinanza
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli "Federico II", Section BiPAF, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio P Garonna
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli "Federico II", Section BiPAF, Portici, Italy
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18
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Li J, Kelly P, Guo W, Zhang J, Yang Y, Liu W, Wang C. Molecular detection of Rickettsia, Hepatozoon, Ehrlichia and SFTSV in goat ticks. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 20:100407. [PMID: 32448525 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are vectors of various pathogens to people, livestock, companion animals and wildlife. We describe here the ticks found on goats in Anhui province of China and the results of molecular studies on six tick-borne pathogens they might harbor. Among 125 ticks collected (119 Haemaphysalis longicornis, n = 119; Rhipicephalus microplus, n = 6), we detected four of the six tick-borne agents for which we tested. In total, 16.8% of the H. longicornis were positive for Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii (18/119), Rickettsia endosymbiont of Leptocybe invasa (1/119) and Rickettsia sibirica (1/119). Hepatozoon canis was positive for 41.6% of the ticks (H. longicornis 42.0%, 50/119; R. microplus 12.5%, 2/6). Only 5.6% of the ticks were positive for Ehrlichia (H. longicornis 5.0%, 6/119; R. microplus 16.7%, 1/6). The Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus was only identified in one H. longicornis. Such data is important in developing effective, integrated and strategic control measures for ticks and the pathogens they transmit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Patrick Kelly
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Weina Guo
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Anhui, China
| | - Jilei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Anhui, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, USA.
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19
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Wondafrash M, Slippers B, Nambazimana A, Kayumba I, Nibouche S, van der Lingen S, Asfaw BA, Jenya H, Mutitu EK, Makowe IA, Chungu D, Kiwuso P, Kulimushi E, Razafindrakotomamonjy A, Bosu PP, Sookar P, Hurley BP. Distribution and genetic diversity of five invasive pests of Eucalyptus in sub-Saharan Africa. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Bubici G, Prigigallo MI, Garganese F, Nugnes F, Jansen M, Porcelli F. First Report of Aleurocanthus spiniferus on Ailanthus altissima: Profiling of the Insect Microbiome and MicroRNAs. INSECTS 2020; 11:E161. [PMID: 32138145 PMCID: PMC7142546 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the first occurrence of the orange spiny whitefly (Aleurocanthus spiniferus; OSW) on the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in Bari, Apulia region, Italy. After our first observation in 2016, the infestation recurred regularly during the following years and expanded to the neighboring trees. Since then, we have also found the insect on numerous patches of the tree of heaven and other plant species in the Bari province. Nevertheless, the tree of heaven was not particularly threatened by the insect, so that a possible contribution by OSW for the control of such an invasive plant cannot be hypothesized hitherto. This work was also aimed at profiling the microbiome of OSW feeding on A. altissima. For this purpose, we used the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and the deep sequencing of small RNAs (sRNAs). Both techniques unveiled the presence of "Candidatus Portiera" (primary endosymbiont), Wolbachia sp. and Rickettsia sp., endosymbionts already reported for other Aleyrodidae. Deep sequencing data were analyzed by four computational pipelines in order to understand the reliability of the detection of fungi, bacteria, and viruses: Kraken, Kaiju, Velvet, and VelvetOptimiser. Some contigs assembled by Velvet or VelvetOptimiser were associated with insects, but not necessarily in the Aleurocanthus genus or Aleyrodidae family, suggesting the non-specificity of sRNAs or possible traces of parasitoids in the sample (e.g., Eretmocerus sp.). Finally, deep sequencing data were used to describe the microtranscriptome of OSW: 56 canonical and at least four high-confidence novel microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified. The overall miRNA abundance in OSW was in agreement with previous works on Bemisia tabaci, and bantam-3p, miR-276a-3p, miR-317-3p, miR-750-3p, and mir-8-3p were the most represented miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bubici
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Isabella Prigigallo
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesca Garganese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Nugnes
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Maurice Jansen
- Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Laboratories Division, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.G.); (F.P.)
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21
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Machado DDN, Costa EC, Guedes JVC, Barbosa LR, Martínez G, Mayorga SI, Ramos SO, Branco M, Garcia A, Vanegas-Rico JM, Jiménez-Quiroz E, Laudonia S, Novoselsky T, Hodel DR, Arakelian G, Silva H, Perini CR, Valmorbida I, Ugalde GA, Arnemann JA. One maternal lineage leads the expansion of Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) in the New and Old Worlds. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3487. [PMID: 32103053 PMCID: PMC7044308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus, an Australian native insect, has become a nearly worldwide invasive pest in the last 16 years and has been causing significant damage to eucalypts (Myrtaceae), including Eucalyptus spp. and Corymbia spp. Its rapid expansion leads to new questions about pathways and routes that T. peregrinus used to invade other continents and countries. We used mtDNA to characterize specimens of T. peregrinus collected from 10 countries where this species has become established, including six recently invaded countries: Chile, Israel, Mexico, Paraguay, Portugal, and the United States of America. We then combined our mtDNA data with previous data available from South Africa, Australia, and Europe to construct a world mtDNA network of haplotypes. Haplotype A was the most common present in all specimens of sites sampled in the New World, Europe, and Israel, however from Australia second more frequently. Haplotype D was the most common one from native populations in Australia. Haplotype A differs from the two major haplotypes found in South Africa (D and G), confirming that at least two independent invasions occurred, one from Australia to South Africa, and the other one from Australia to South America (A). In conclusion, Haplotype A has an invasion success over many countries in the World. Additionally, analyzing data from our work and previous reports, it is possible to suggest some invasive routes of T. peregrinus to predict such events and support preventive control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanna do N Machado
- Doutoranda pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil.
- Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, Avenida Roraima n. 1000, prédio 42, sala 3223, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
| | - Ervandil C Costa
- Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, Avenida Roraima n. 1000, prédio 42, sala 3223, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Jerson V C Guedes
- Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, Avenida Roraima n. 1000, prédio 42, sala 3223, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Leonardo R Barbosa
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, Paraná, 83411-000, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 5 Km 386, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Sandra I Mayorga
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG), Av. Presidente Bulnes 140, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio O Ramos
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Yuquerí, Ruta Provincial 22 y vías del Ferrocarril 3200, Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Manuela Branco
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André Garcia
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Juan Manuel Vanegas-Rico
- Laboratorio de Control de Plagas, Unidad de Morfología y Función (UMF), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM. Av. de los barrios #1. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, 54090, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Jiménez-Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Referencia en Sanidad Forestal, Av. Progreso 3, 04100, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Stefania Laudonia
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Tania Novoselsky
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Donald R Hodel
- University of California, Cooperative Extension, 700 W. Main Street, Alhambra, California, 91801, United States of America
| | - Gevork Arakelian
- Entomologist, Los Angeles County Agricultural Commissioner, 11012 S. Garfield Ave, South Gate, CA, 90280, United States of America
| | - Horacio Silva
- Faculdad de Agronomía Universidad de la República Uruguay, Ruta 3 km 363, 60000, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Clérison R Perini
- Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, Avenida Roraima n. 1000, prédio 42, sala 3223, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Ivair Valmorbida
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Gustavo A Ugalde
- Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, Avenida Roraima n. 1000, prédio 42, sala 3223, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Jonas A Arnemann
- Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, Avenida Roraima n. 1000, prédio 42, sala 3223, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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Guo C, Peng X, Zheng X, Wang X, Wang R, Huang Z, Yang Z. Comparison of bacterial diversity and abundance between sexes of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from China. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8411. [PMID: 31988811 PMCID: PMC6969552 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insects harbor a myriad of microorganisms, many of which can affect the sex ratio and manipulate the reproduction of the host. Leptocybe invasa is an invasive pest that causes serious damage to eucalyptus plantations, and the thelytokous parthenogenesis, low temperature resistance, protection in galls, generation overlap and small body of L. invasa contribute to its rapid invasion and population growth. However, the endosymbiotic bacterial composition, abundance and sex differences of L. invasa remain unclear. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the bacterial communities in L. invasa adults and compare them between the sexes of L. invasa lineage B. Results The Illumina MiSeq platform was used to compare bacterial community composition between females and males of L. invasa by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. A total of 1,320 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained. These OTUs were subdivided into 24 phyla, 71 classes, 130 orders, 245 families and 501 genera. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria in females and males were Rickettsia and Rhizobium, respectively. Conclusion The endosymbiotic bacteria of L. invasa females and males were highly diverse. There were differences in the bacterial community of L. invasa between sexes, and the bacterial diversity in male specimens was greater than that in female specimens. This study presents a comprehensive comparison of bacterial communities in L. invasa and these data will provide an overall view of the bacterial community in both sexes of L. invasa with special attention on sex-related bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Guo
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Peng
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xialin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zongyou Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhende Yang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Nugnes F, Laudonia S, Jesu G, Jansen MGM, Bernardo U, Porcelli F. Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Some European Countries: Diffusion, Hosts, Molecular Characterization, and Natural Enemies. INSECTS 2020; 11:E42. [PMID: 31936015 PMCID: PMC7022741 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
After the first record in 2008 in Southeast Italy, the alien invasive and quarantine pest Aleurocanthus spiniferus (orange spiny whitefly-OSW) has gradually spread throughout Europe, infesting several new host plants in addition to the known hosts. Molecular characterization of some Italian populations and a newly found Albanian population highlighted two different haplotypes invading Europe, belonging to one of the haplogroups previously recorded in China. A predator was recorded for the first time in several fields in Italy in association with OSW and other whitefly species. It was successively identified through a morpho-molecular characterization as a Nearctic member of the tribe Serangiini, the ladybird beetle, Delphastus catalinae. This predator represents a promising biocontrol agent to manage A. spiniferus outbreaks in Italy and other invaded countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nugnes
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefania Laudonia
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.L.); (G.J.)
| | - Giovanni Jesu
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.L.); (G.J.)
| | | | - Umberto Bernardo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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Abanda B, Paguem A, Abdoulmoumini M, Kingsley MT, Renz A, Eisenbarth A. Molecular identification and prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in zebu and taurine cattle in North Cameroon. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:448. [PMID: 31511038 PMCID: PMC6737592 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Public interest for tick-borne pathogens in cattle livestock is rising due to their veterinary and zoonotic importance. Consequently, correct identification of these potential pathogens is crucial to estimate the level of exposition, the risk and the detrimental impact on livestock and the human population. Results Conventional PCR with generic primers was used to identify groups of tick-borne pathogens in cattle breeds from northern Cameroon. The overall prevalence in 1260 blood samples was 89.1%, with 993 (78.8%) positive for Theileria/Babesia spp., 959 (76.1%) for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., 225 (17.9%) for Borrelia spp., and 180 (14.3%) for Rickettsia spp. Sanger sequencing of a subset of positively-tested samples revealed the presence of Theileria mutans (92.2%, 130/141), T. velifera (16.3%, 23/141), Anaplasma centrale (10.9%, 15/137), A. marginale (30.7%, 42/137), A. platys (51.1%, 70/137), Anaplasma sp. ‘Hadesa’ (10.9%, 15/137), Ehrlichia ruminantium (0.7%, 1/137), E. canis (0.7%, 1/137), Borrelia theileri (91.3%, 42/46), Rickettsia africae (59.4%, 19/32) and R. felis (12.5%, 4/32). A high level of both intra- and inter-generic co-infections (76.0%) was observed. To the best of our knowledge, B. theileri, T. mutans, T. velifera, A. platys, Anaplasma sp. ‘Hadesa’, R. felis and E. canis are reported for the first time in cattle from Cameroon, and for R. felis it is the first discovery in the cattle host. Babesia spp. were not detected by sequencing. The highest number of still identifiable species co-infections was up to four pathogens per genus group. Multifactorial analyses revealed a significant association of infection with Borrelia theileri and anemia. Whereas animals of older age had a higher risk of infection, the Gudali cattle had a lower risk compared to the other local breeds. Conclusion Co-infections of tick-borne pathogens with an overall high prevalence were found in all five study sites, and were more likely to occur than single infections. Fulani, Namchi and Kapsiki were the most infected breed in general; however, with regions as significant risk factor. A better-adapted approach for tick-borne pathogen identification in co-infected samples is a requirement for epidemiological investigations and tailored control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette Abanda
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Department of Comparative Zoology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Programme Onchocercoses field station of the University of Tübingen, P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
| | - Archile Paguem
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Department of Comparative Zoology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Programme Onchocercoses field station of the University of Tübingen, P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, Department of Parasitology and Parasitological Diseases, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Manchang Tanyi Kingsley
- Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Wakwa Regional Centre, P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Alfons Renz
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Department of Comparative Zoology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Albert Eisenbarth
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Department of Comparative Zoology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Sangtongpraow B, Charernsom K. Biological traits of Quadrastichus mendeli (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), parasitoid of the eucalyptus gall wasp Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) in Thailand. Parasite 2019; 26:8. [PMID: 30794147 PMCID: PMC6385613 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2019008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle, a parasitoid of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle, is a uniparental species. This study assessed the biological traits of Q. mendeli in the laboratory at a temperature of 27 ± 1 °C. Diets had a highly significant effect on the mean longevity of female Q. mendeli. Feeding honey solution prolonged the mean longevity of the parasitoid to 4.80 days. The estimated 50% survival period was 3 days. The mean potential fecundity in all ages was 8.85 eggs per female. Age had a highly significant effect on the mean egg load. There was a positive relationship between egg load and female size. The mean of realized fecundity throughout the life span was 2.47 progenies per female. The mean developmental time of Q. mendeli from the egg to adult stage was 27.06 days. The shorter developmental time of Q. mendeli in comparison to its host can be considered a reason for the successful control of L. invasa in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjakhun Sangtongpraow
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kosol Charernsom
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Where Did You Come From? Where Did You Go? Investigating the Origin of Invasive Leptocybe Species Using Distribution Modelling. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Research Highlights: We present the first attempts to model the distributions of the two cryptic and globally invasive species of Leptocybe invasa sensu lato (Fisher & LaSalle) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in its purported country of origin, namely Australia. Background and Objectives: Leptocybe invasa is an invasive eucalypt-galling wasp that spread quickly all over the world in the early to mid-2000’s, achieving significant pest status through its severe impacts on the growth and productivity of extra-limital eucalypt plantations. Until its discovery in Europe and the Middle East, the genus was undescribed, and its native range remains unclear. Molecular studies indicate the globally invasive population comprises two cryptic species with variable modes of reproduction. Collection records from Australia, the purported origin, represent only one of the invasive lineages, restricted to subtropical and tropical Queensland and northern New South Wales. To date, the original invasive lineage has not been found in Australia, despite searches over the seventeen years that it has been spreading overseas. Materials and Methods: To understand the distributions of the invasive populations, and to infer Leptocybe spp. native ranges within Australia, we used correlative niche modelling in Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) and multivariate analysis, and created a CLIMEX model based on development rates of an invasive population. Results: We used the environmental conditions in the extra-limital range to infer possible origins, with our findings supporting the possibility that the invasive populations may have originated from different populations in Australia. Conclusions: We highlight the need for better understanding of the distribution, genetic diversity, and reproductive mode of the species within Australia. The variety of climatic niches occupied by invasive lineages of the wasp potentially present new threats to eucalypts in previously uninfested habitats.
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Huang ZY, Li SY, Lu W, Zheng XL. Structure and Sense Organs of Ovipositors of an Endoparasitoid Aprostocetus causalis and an Ectoparasitoid Quadrastichus mendeli in Leptocybe spp. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:250-256. [PMID: 30712524 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618015647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known of the olfactory mechanisms of host detection in the ovipositors of endoparasitoids and ectoparasitoids. An endoparasitoid Aprostocetus causalis La Salle & Wu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and an ectoparasitoid Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) are the two parasitoids of the eucalyptus gall wasp Leptocybe spp. Structures and sense organs of ovipositors of A. causalis and Q. mendeli were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, which provided essential information for exploring the mechanism of host detection by endoparasitoid and ectoparasitoid. The ovipositors of two parasitoids consisted of the first and second valvulae and ended in a pointed tip. There were three types of microtrichia, two types of sensilla chaetica, and one type of sensilla campaniformia on the ovipositors of A. causalis and Q. mendeli. However, Q. mendeli has the fourth type of microtrichia on the ovipositor. The morphology, types, distribution, length, and width of these sensilla and microtrichia were described, and their possible functions are discussed in conjunction with the stinging, oviposition, and the host selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-You Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
| | - Si-Yan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
| | - Wen Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
| | - Xia-Lin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education,College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
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Nugnes F, Russo E, Viggiani G, Bernardo U. First Record of an Invasive Fruit Fly Belonging to Bactrocera dorsalis Complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Europe. INSECTS 2018; 9:E182. [PMID: 30513969 PMCID: PMC6316371 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging pests are increasingly threatening fruit orchard health across the Mediterranean area. Tephritidae, representing serious threats for Europe, are numerous, and the fruit flies Bactrocera zonata and those belonging to Bactrocera dorsalis complex are among the most alarming species. These species are highly polyphagous and B. zonata has already spread to some Mediterranean countries. Due to these ongoing threats, in the Campania Region (southern Italy), a survey with traps and infested fruits analysis was performed with the aim of detecting the presence of species of Bactrocera dorsalis complex. In two mixed fruit-trees fields, some adults belonging to a species of Bactrocera were captured in traps baited with the highly attractive male lure (methyl eugenol). They were distinguished from similar-looking Bactrocera spp. by morphological and molecular comparative analyses. Considering the existing morphological keys, specimens were tentatively identified as B. dorsalis but molecular characterization with COI split them into two clades. Some specimens were grouped with B. dorsalis similar to B. kandiensis and B. kandiensis and others in a clade including B. dorsalis and B. invadens (syn. B. dorsalis). ITS1 sequences instead confirmed morphological identification. The integrative approach allowed identifying all the specimens collected as belonging to the B. dorsalis complex. This finding represents the first field interception in Europe of a member of one of the most dangerous groups of fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nugnes
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Elia Russo
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Viggiani
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples "Federico II", 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Umberto Bernardo
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy.
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Huang ZY, Li J, Lu W, Zheng XL, Yang ZD. Parasitoids of the eucalyptus gall wasp Leptocybe spp.: a global review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:29983-29995. [PMID: 30178405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The genus Leptocybe Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and its type species L. invasa were first described in 2004. Leptocybe spp. are global pests of eucalyptus plantations, and parasitoids play an important role in their control. In this review, we describe the species, distribution, biology, ecology and parasitism levels of Leptocybe spp. parasitoids and the problems associated with biological control programmes against Leptocybe spp. Additionally, prospects for the use of conservation or augmentative biological control programmes against Leptocybe spp. are discussed. Worldwide, approximately 23 species of parasitoids of Leptocybe spp. in 7 families and 10 genera have been found to date. Comparing the parasitism levels of the parasitoids showed that Quadrastichus mendeli, Selitrichodes neseri and several (approximately 4) native Megastigmus spp. could be exploited to manage Leptocybe spp. Available information on the Leptocybe spp. parasitoids is expected to improve our understanding related to ongoing studies of biological control programmes against Leptocybe spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-You Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xia-Lin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Zhen-De Yang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Gillespie JJ, Driscoll TP, Verhoeve VI, Rahman MS, Macaluso KR, Azad AF. A Tangled Web: Origins of Reproductive Parasitism. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:2292-2309. [PMID: 30060072 PMCID: PMC6133264 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While typically a flea parasite and opportunistic human pathogen, the presence of Rickettsia felis (strain LSU-Lb) in the non-blood-feeding, parthenogenetically reproducing booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila, provides a system to ascertain factors governing not only host transitions but also obligate reproductive parasitism (RP). Analysis of plasmid pLbAR, unique to R. felis str. LSU-Lb, revealed a toxin–antitoxin module with similar features to prophage-encoded toxin–antitoxin modules utilized by parasitic Wolbachia strains to induce another form of RP, cytoplasmic incompatibility, in their arthropod hosts. Curiously, multiple deubiquitinase and nuclease domains of the large (3,841 aa) pLbAR toxin, as well the entire antitoxin, facilitated the detection of an assortment of related proteins from diverse intracellular bacteria, including other reproductive parasites. Our description of these remarkable components of the intracellular mobilome, including their presence in certain arthropod genomes, lends insight on the evolution of RP, while invigorating research on parasite-mediated biocontrol of arthropod-borne viral and bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Gillespie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Kevin R Macaluso
- Vector-borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University
| | - Abdu F Azad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
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De Souza AR, Barbosa LR, Passos JRDS, Castro BMDCE, Zanuncio JC, Wilcken CF. Longevity and survival of Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an invasive gall inducer on Eucalyptus, with different diets and temperatures. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5265. [PMID: 30065874 PMCID: PMC6064202 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The blue gum chalcid, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), causes galls on Eucalyptus spp. leaf midribs, petioles and stems. Biological aspects need to be studied to assist in developing management strategies and to maintain this insect in the laboratory to rear the parasitoid Selitrichodes neseri Kelly & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) that depends on having a supply of Eucalyptus seedlings infested by L. invasa. We evaluated the longevity and survival of L. invasa individual non reproductive females fed with six different diets (pure honey, 50% honey solution, pure honey plus eucalyptus leaves, eucalyptus leaves, distilled water, or no food) and seven different temperatures (10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30 and 34 °C). Leptocybe invasa fed with 50% honey solution and reared at 14 or 18 °C showed the greatest longevity and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rodrigues De Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Raimundo de Souza Passos
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Bioestatística, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/ BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Wilcken
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Population genetic analyses of complex global insect invasions in managed landscapes: a Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera) case study. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Life history and biocontrol potential of the first female-producing parthenogenetic species of Diglyphus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) against agromyzid leafminers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3222. [PMID: 29459647 PMCID: PMC5818481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diglyphus species are dominant biocontrol agents for suppressing outbreaks of agromyzid leafminers in fields. In July 2015, we collected a new thelytokous species of Diglyphus in Qinghai, China. The wasp is here named as D. wani Liu, Zhu & Yefremova sp. nov., based on morphological and molecular analyses. The life history and biocontrol potential of the wasp were studied in the laboratory and by providing Liriomyza sativae larvae. The intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, and mean generation time were 0.2373 d-1, 1.2678 d-1, and 15.9 d, respectively. The wasps showed three types of host-killing behaviour, namely parasitism, host feeding and host stinging, resulting in 47.6, 94.4 and 3.4 host larvae killed per wasp over a lifetime, respectively. The finite total host-killing rate was 1.0071 and the wasp showed strong synovigeny. The wasp may be a crucial biocontrol agent against agromyzid leafminers.
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Zheng XL, Huang ZY, Li J, Yang ZD, Yang XH, Lu W. Reproductive Biology of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:19-25. [PMID: 28293863 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an invasive pest in Eucalyptus plantations around the world. The successful colonization of L. invasa is possibly related to its reproductive biology. The objective of this study was to examine the reproductive biology of L. invasa. In Guangxi Province, the sex ratio (proportion of female, 0.99) of L. invasa was female-dominant throughout the year based on natural and artificial infestation. This result was similar to the ratios observed for other geographic populations in China, including those in Fujian (0.99), Guangdong (0.98), Hainan (0.95), Jiangxi (0.96), and Sichuan (0.99). The offspring sex ratio favored females. A large number of females emerged from the galls produced by females, with few males found. Galls on the petioles and midribs of Eucalyptus plants could be caused by newly emerged females with mature eggs. The lengths of the ovariole, spermatheca, common oviduct, and reproductive glands did not differ among L. invasa females, but their lateral oviducts showed differences from 0 to 42 h after emergence, indicating that this insect is proovigenic. These results could explain why L. invasa populations can rapidly increase in invaded areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-L Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, China
| | - Z-Y Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, China
| | - J Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, China
| | - Z-D Yang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, China
| | - X-H Yang
- Dept of Guangxi Forestry Pest Management, Nanning, China
| | - W Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, China.
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Gualtieri L, Nugnes F, Nappo AG, Gebiola M, Bernardo U. Life inside a gall: closeness does not favour horizontal transmission of Rickettsia between a gall wasp and its parasitoid. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3934658. [PMID: 28854679 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of horizontal transmission as a route for spreading symbiont infections is still being debated, but a common view is that horizontal transfers require intimate between-species relationships. Here we study a system that meets ideal requirements for horizontal transmission: the gall wasp Leptocybe invasa and its parasitoid Quadrastichus mendeli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). These wasps belong to the same subfamily, spend most of their lives inside the same minute gall and are both infected by Rickettsia, a maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that infects several arthropods, sometimes manipulating their reproduction, like inducing thelytokous parthenogenesis in L. invasa. Despite intimate contact, close phylogenetic relationship and the parasitoid's host specificity, we show that host and parasitoid do not share the same Rickettsia. We provide indirect evidence that Rickettsia infecting Q. mendeli may be inducing thelytokous parthenogenesis, as the symbiont is densely present in the reproductive apparatus and is vertically transmitted. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S and gltA placed this symbiont in the leech group. The confirmed and presumed parthenogenesis-inducing Rickettsia discovered so far only infect eulophid wasps, and belong to three different groups, suggesting multiple independent evolution of the parthenogenesis inducing phenotype. We also show some degree of cospeciation between Rickettsia and their eulophid hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberata Gualtieri
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, SS of Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy. Tel: +39-081-7753658-19; E-mail:
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Hurley BP, Slippers B, Sathyapala S, Wingfield MJ. Challenges to planted forest health in developing economies. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Nugnes F, Bernardo U, Viggiani G. An integrative approach to species discrimination in the Anagrus atomus group sensu stricto (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with a description of a new species. SYST BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2017.1299811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nugnes
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, SS of Portici, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Umberto Bernardo
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, SS of Portici, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Gennaro Viggiani
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, SS of Portici, Portici (NA), Italy
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Laboratorio di Lotta biologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli – Federico II, Portici (NA), Italy
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Zheng XL, Huang ZY, Dong D, Guo CH, Li J, Yang ZD, Yang XH, Lu W. Parasitoids of the eucalyptus gall wasp Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:58. [PMID: 28000590 PMCID: PMC5178379 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) is an invasive pest in Eucalyptus plantations throughout the world. Potential biological control agents for L. invasa were investigated in the Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Sichuan provinces of China, where Eucalyptus spp. have been severely damaged by the eucalyptus gall wasp. Three hymenopteran parasitoids of L. invasa were identified: Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Eulophidae), Aprostocetus causalis La Salle & Wu (Eulophidae), and Megastigmus viggianii Narendran & Sureshan (Torymidae); M. viggianii is newly recorded in China. The percentages of parasitization by Q. mendeli, A. causalis, and M. viggianii were 2.96%–19.53%, 2.30%–26.38%, and 24.93%, respectively. The longevity and body length of females were significantly greater than for males in A. causalis and M. viggianii. No males of Q. mendeli were found in China. These parasitoids could be used as biological agents for L. invasa in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Lin Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Zong-You Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Dan Dong
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Chun-Hui Guo
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Zhen-De Yang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Xiu-Hao Yang
- Department of Guangxi Forestry Pest Management, Nanning 530028, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Wen Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
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Mansfield S. New Communities on Eucalypts Grown Outside Australia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1812. [PMID: 27965703 PMCID: PMC5126142 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of eucalypt forestry worldwide has been accompanied by accidental and deliberate introductions of Australian insects associated with eucalypts. Local insect species have also colonized introduced eucalypts in many regions. This situation provides a unique opportunity to observe the development of new insect communities across trophic levels. Here the history of Australian invaders and native colonizers on eucalypts outside Australia is reviewed from the perspective of herbivore guilds: leaf chewers, sap suckers, wood borers, gall formers, termites. Historical patterns of invasion are identified across these guilds. Very few species of Australian leaf chewers, wood borers or termites have become widespread but these guilds are proportionately high in native colonizers. In contrast, sap suckers have multiple invasive species globally with relatively fewer native colonizers. The gall former guild also has several invasive species but so far includes no native colonizers, perhaps due to their tendency to have highly specific host plant associations. Natural enemies of Australian invaders are also members of new eucalypt insect communities, partly through planned biological control programs, but the rate of accidental introductions at higher trophic levels is increasing steadily. At the same time, local natural enemies enter eucalypt communities either to form new associations with Australian invaders or to follow native colonizers into this new habitat. Australian sap suckers have attracted far more new associations than other guilds so far. Native leaf chewers have often been followed by their local natural enemies into eucalypt communities, particularly in Brazil. Generally there are fewer records relating to local natural enemies and their role in new eucalypt communities. The complexity of new eucalypt communities outside Australia is expected to increase in future.
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Complex patterns of global spread in invasive insects: eco-evolutionary and management consequences. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Gebiola M, White JA, Cass BN, Kozuch A, Harris LR, Kelly SE, Karimi J, Giorgini M, Perlman SJ, Hunter MS. Cryptic diversity, reproductive isolation and cytoplasmic incompatibility in a classic biological control success story. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gebiola
- Department of Entomology; The University of Arizona; 410 Forbes Building Tucson AZ 85721 USA
- CNR - Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante; UOS di Portici; Via Università 133 80055 Portici (NA) Italy
| | - Jennifer A. White
- Department of Entomology; S225 Agricultural Sciences Center North; University of Kentucky; Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - Bodil N. Cass
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Entomology and Insect Science; The University of Arizona; 410 Forbes Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Amaranta Kozuch
- Department of Entomology; The University of Arizona; 410 Forbes Building Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Leanne R. Harris
- Department of Biology; University of Victoria; Victoria; British Columbia V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Suzanne E. Kelly
- Department of Entomology; The University of Arizona; 410 Forbes Building Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Javad Karimi
- Department of Plant Protection; Ferdowsi University of Mashad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Massimo Giorgini
- CNR - Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante; UOS di Portici; Via Università 133 80055 Portici (NA) Italy
| | - Steve J. Perlman
- Department of Biology; University of Victoria; Victoria; British Columbia V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Martha S. Hunter
- Department of Entomology; The University of Arizona; 410 Forbes Building Tucson AZ 85721 USA
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