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Yu J. Acute hyper-hypoxia accelerates the development of depression in mice via the IL-6/PGC1α/MFN2 signaling pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20241001. [PMID: 39135980 PMCID: PMC11317639 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neural cell damage is an important cause of exacerbation of depression symptoms caused by hypoxia, but the mechanism behind it is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α)/mitofusin-2 (MFN2) signaling axis in the development of depression in mice under hypoxia. Methods Male Institute of Cancer Research mice (age, 6 weeks) were assigned to the normal group, chronic unpredictable mild stress group (CUMS group), or CUMS + hyper-hypoxia group (CUMS + H group). Mice in the CUMS and CUMS + H groups were exposed to CUMS for 28 days. Additionally, mice in the CUMS + H group were exposed to acute hyper-hypoxia from Day 21 for 7 days. After a total of 28 days, behavioral experiments were conducted. All mice were anesthetized and sacrificed. Levels of brain tissue interleukin (IL)-6, reactive oxygen species (ROS), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and serotonin (5-HT) were analyzed. Results As compared to the CUMS group, mice in the CUMS + H group had increased IL-6 and ROS levels, but lower open-field activity, preference for sucrose, hippocampal neuronal membrane potential, ATP, and 5-HT levels, as well as MFN2 and PGC1α levels. Conclusions Acute hyper-hypoxia plays an important role in the development of depression via the IL-6/PGC1α/MFN2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, 14 Beijing Road, Guiyang550000, China
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2
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Conti F, McCue JJ, DiTuro P, Galpin AJ, Wood TR. Mitigating Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review of Supplementation and Dietary Protocols. Nutrients 2024; 16:2430. [PMID: 39125311 PMCID: PMC11314487 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) constitute a significant public health issue and a major source of disability and death in the United States and worldwide. TBIs are strongly associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, resulting in a host of negative health outcomes and long-term complications and placing a heavy financial burden on healthcare systems. One promising avenue for the prevention and treatment of brain injuries is the design of TBI-specific supplementation and dietary protocols centred around nutraceuticals and biochemical compounds whose mechanisms of action have been shown to interfere with, and potentially alleviate, some of the neurophysiological processes triggered by TBI. For example, evidence suggests that creatine monohydrate and omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA) help decrease inflammation, reduce neural damage and maintain adequate energy supply to the brain following injury. Similarly, melatonin supplementation may improve some of the sleep disturbances often experienced post-TBI. The scope of this narrative review is to summarise the available literature on the neuroprotective effects of selected nutrients in the context of TBI-related outcomes and provide an evidence-based overview of supplementation and dietary protocols that may be considered in individuals affected by-or at high risk for-concussion and more severe head traumas. Prophylactic and/or therapeutic compounds under investigation include creatine monohydrate, omega-3 fatty acids, BCAAs, riboflavin, choline, magnesium, berry anthocyanins, Boswellia serrata, enzogenol, N-Acetylcysteine and melatonin. Results from this analysis are also placed in the context of assessing and addressing important health-related and physiological parameters in the peri-impact period such as premorbid nutrient and metabolic health status, blood glucose regulation and thermoregulation following injury, caffeine consumption and sleep behaviours. As clinical evidence in this research field is rapidly emerging, a comprehensive approach including appropriate nutritional interventions has the potential to mitigate some of the physical, neurological, and emotional damage inflicted by TBIs, promote timely and effective recovery, and inform policymakers in the development of prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Conti
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Jackson J. McCue
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Paul DiTuro
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Andrew J. Galpin
- Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA;
| | - Thomas R. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL 32502, USA
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Chen Y, Gu M, Patterson J, Zhang R, Statz JK, Reed E, Abutarboush R, Ahlers ST, Kawoos U. Temporal Alterations in Cerebrovascular Glycocalyx and Cerebral Blood Flow after Exposure to a High-Intensity Blast in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3580. [PMID: 38612392 PMCID: PMC11011510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a proteoglycan-glycoprotein structure lining the luminal surface of the vascular endothelium and is susceptible to damage due to blast overpressure (BOP) exposure. The glycocalyx is essential in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the vasculature and regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Assessment of alterations in the density of the glycocalyx; its components (heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG/syndecan-2), heparan sulphate (HS), and chondroitin sulphate (CS)); CBF; and the effect of hypercapnia on CBF was conducted at 2-3 h, 1, 3, 14, and 28 days after a high-intensity (18.9 PSI/131 kPa peak pressure, 10.95 ms duration, and 70.26 PSI·ms/484.42 kPa·ms impulse) BOP exposure in rats. A significant reduction in the density of the glycocalyx was observed 2-3 h, 1-, and 3 days after the blast exposure. The glycocalyx recovered by 28 days after exposure and was associated with an increase in HS (14 and 28 days) and in HSPG/syndecan-2 and CS (28 days) in the frontal cortex. In separate experiments, we observed significant decreases in CBF and a diminished response to hypercapnia at all time points with some recovery at 3 days. Given the role of the glycocalyx in regulating physiological function of the cerebral vasculature, damage to the glycocalyx after BOP exposure may result in the onset of pathogenesis and progression of cerebrovascular dysfunction leading to neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (Y.C.); (M.G.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Ming Gu
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (Y.C.); (M.G.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Jacob Patterson
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (Y.C.); (M.G.)
- Parsons Corporation, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Ruixuan Zhang
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (Y.C.); (M.G.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Statz
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (Y.C.); (M.G.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Eileen Reed
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (Y.C.); (M.G.)
- Parsons Corporation, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Rania Abutarboush
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (Y.C.); (M.G.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Stephen T. Ahlers
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (Y.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Usmah Kawoos
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (Y.C.); (M.G.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
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Sachdeva T, Ganpule SG. Twenty Years of Blast-Induced Neurotrauma: Current State of Knowledge. Neurotrauma Rep 2024; 5:243-253. [PMID: 38515548 PMCID: PMC10956535 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2024.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) is an important injury paradigm of neurotrauma research. This short communication summarizes the current knowledge of BINT. We divide the BINT research into several broad categories-blast wave generation in laboratory, biomechanics, pathology, behavioral outcomes, repetitive blast in animal models, and clinical and neuroimaging investigations in humans. Publications from 2000 to 2023 in each subdomain were considered. The analysis of the literature has brought out salient aspects. Primary blast waves can be simulated reasonably in a laboratory using carefully designed shock tubes. Various biomechanics-based theories of BINT have been proposed; each of these theories may contribute to BINT by generating a unique biomechanical signature. The injury thresholds for BINT are in the nascent stages. Thresholds for rodents are reasonably established, but such thresholds (guided by primary blast data) are unavailable in humans. Single blast exposure animal studies suggest dose-dependent neuronal pathologies predominantly initiated by blood-brain barrier permeability and oxidative stress. The pathologies were typically reversible, with dose-dependent recovery times. Behavioral changes in animals include anxiety, auditory and recognition memory deficits, and fear conditioning. The repetitive blast exposure manifests similar pathologies in animals, however, at lower blast overpressures. White matter irregularities and cortical volume and thickness alterations have been observed in neuroimaging investigations of military personnel exposed to blast. Behavioral changes in human cohorts include sleep disorders, poor motor skills, cognitive dysfunction, depression, and anxiety. Overall, this article provides a concise synopsis of current understanding, consensus, controversies, and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Sachdeva
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Shailesh G. Ganpule
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
- Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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5
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Heyburn L, Dahal S, Abutarboush R, Reed E, Urioste R, Batuure A, Wilder D, Ahlers ST, Long JB, Sajja VS. Differential effects on TDP-43, piezo-2, tight-junction proteins in various brain regions following repetitive low-intensity blast overpressure. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1237647. [PMID: 37877029 PMCID: PMC10593467 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1237647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) caused by repetitive low-intensity blast overpressure (relBOP) in military personnel exposed to breaching and heavy weapons is often unrecognized and is understudied. Exposure to relBOP poses the risk of developing abnormal behavioral and psychological changes such as altered cognitive function, anxiety, and depression, all of which can severely compromise the quality of the life of the affected individual. Due to the structural and anatomical heterogeneity of the brain, understanding the potentially varied effects of relBOP in different regions of the brain could lend insights into the risks from exposures. Methods In this study, using a rodent model of relBOP and western blotting for protein expression we showed the differential expression of various neuropathological proteins like TDP-43, tight junction proteins (claudin-5, occludin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) and a mechanosensitive protein (piezo-2) in different regions of the brain at different intensities and frequency of blast. Results Our key results include (i) significant increase in claudin-5 after 1x blast of 6.5 psi in all three regions and no definitive pattern with higher number of blasts, (ii) significant increase in piezo-2 at 1x followed by significant decrease after multiple blasts in the cortex, (iii) significant increase in piezo-2 with increasing number of blasts in frontal cortex and mixed pattern of expression in hippocampus and (iv) mixed pattern of TDP-3 and GFAP expression in all the regions of brain. Discussion These results suggest that there are not definitive patterns of changes in these marker proteins with increase in intensity and/or frequency of blast exposure in any particular region; the changes in expression of these proteins are different among the regions. We also found that the orientation of blast exposure (e.g. front vs. side exposure) affects the altered expression of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanier Heyburn
- Blast Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Shataakshi Dahal
- Blast Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | | | - Eileen Reed
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Rodrigo Urioste
- Blast Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Batuure
- Blast Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Donna Wilder
- Blast Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Joseph B. Long
- Blast Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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6
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Gama Sosa MA, De Gasperi R, Pryor D, Perez Garcia GS, Perez GM, Abutarboush R, Kawoos U, Hogg S, Ache B, Sowa A, Tetreault T, Varghese M, Cook DG, Zhu CW, Tappan SJ, Janssen WGM, Hof PR, Ahlers ST, Elder GA. Late chronic local inflammation, synaptic alterations, vascular remodeling and arteriovenous malformations in the brains of male rats exposed to repetitive low-level blast overpressures. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:81. [PMID: 37173747 PMCID: PMC10176873 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of military operations in modern war theaters, blast exposures are associated with the development of a variety of mental health disorders associated with a post-traumatic stress disorder-related features, including anxiety, impulsivity, insomnia, suicidality, depression, and cognitive decline. Several lines of evidence indicate that acute and chronic cerebral vascular alterations are involved in the development of these blast-induced neuropsychiatric changes. In the present study, we investigated late occurring neuropathological events associated with cerebrovascular alterations in a rat model of repetitive low-level blast-exposures (3 × 74.5 kPa). The observed events included hippocampal hypoperfusion associated with late-onset inflammation, vascular extracellular matrix degeneration, synaptic structural changes and neuronal loss. We also demonstrate that arteriovenous malformations in exposed animals are a direct consequence of blast-induced tissue tears. Overall, our results further identify the cerebral vasculature as a main target for blast-induced damage and support the urgent need to develop early therapeutic approaches for the prevention of blast-induced late-onset neurovascular degenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Gama Sosa
- General Medical Research Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Rita De Gasperi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Dylan Pryor
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Georgina S Perez Garcia
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gissel M Perez
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Rania Abutarboush
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Usmah Kawoos
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seth Hogg
- Micro Photonics, Inc, 1550 Pond Road, Suite 110, Allentown, PA, 18104, USA
| | - Benjamin Ache
- Micro Photonics, Inc, 1550 Pond Road, Suite 110, Allentown, PA, 18104, USA
| | - Allison Sowa
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Merina Varghese
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - David G Cook
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Carolyn W Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Susan J Tappan
- MBF Bioscience LLC, 185 Allen Brook Lane, Williston, VT, 05495, USA
| | - William G M Janssen
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Stephen T Ahlers
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Gregory A Elder
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Neurology Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
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Nishii K, Satoh Y, Higashi T, Matsui T, Ishizuka T, Kashitani M, Saitoh D, Kobayashi Y. Evans Blue and Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-Dextran Double Labeling Reveals Precise Sequence of Vascular Leakage and Glial Responses after Exposure to Mild-Level Blast-Associated Shock Waves. J Neurotrauma 2023. [PMID: 36680750 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Blast-induced shock waves (BSWs) are responsible for several aspects of psychiatric disorders that are collectively termed mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The pathophysiology of mTBI includes vascular leakage resulting from blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. In this study, the precise sequence of BBB breakdown was examined using an Evans blue and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran double labeling technique. Evans blue solution was injected into the tail vein of male C57BL6/J mice just before and 4 h, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after a single BSW exposure at as low as 25-kPa peak overpressure. In contrast, the FITC-dextran solution was transcardially injected just before perfusion fixation. Differences in the labeling time-point revealed that BBB breakdown was initiated after approximately 3 h, with significant remodeling by 1 day, and continued until 7 days after BSW exposure. BBB breakdown was upregulated in three distinct regions, namely the brain surface and subsurface areas facing the skull, regions closely associated with capillaries, and the circumventricular organ and choroid plexus. These regions showed distinct responses to BSW; moreover, clusters of reactive astrocytes were closely associated with the sites of BBB breakdown. In severe cases, these reactive astrocytes recruited activated microglia. Our findings provide important insights into the pathogenesis underlying mTBI and indicate that even mild BSW exposure affects the whole brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomasa Nishii
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Satoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahito Higashi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Matsui
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Kashitani
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, National Defense Academy, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Division of Traumatology, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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8
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Waggoner LE, Kang J, Zuidema JM, Vijayakumar S, Hurtado AA, Sailor MJ, Kwon EJ. Porous Silicon Nanoparticles Targeted to the Extracellular Matrix for Therapeutic Protein Delivery in Traumatic Brain Injury. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1685-1697. [PMID: 36017941 PMCID: PMC9492643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death among children and young adults in the United States, yet there are currently no treatments that improve the long-term brain health of patients. One promising therapeutic for TBI is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that promotes neurogenesis and neuron survival. However, outstanding challenges to the systemic delivery of BDNF are its instability in blood, poor transport into the brain, and short half-life in circulation and brain tissue. Here, BDNF is encapsulated into an engineered, biodegradable porous silicon nanoparticle (pSiNP) in order to deliver bioactive BDNF to injured brain tissue after TBI. The pSiNP carrier is modified with the targeting ligand CAQK, a peptide that binds to extracellular matrix components upregulated after TBI. The protein cargo retains bioactivity after release from the pSiNP carrier, and systemic administration of the CAQK-modified pSiNPs results in effective delivery of the protein cargo to injured brain regions in a mouse model of TBI. When administered after injury, the CAQK-targeted pSiNP delivery system for BDNF reduces lesion volumes compared to free BDNF, supporting the hypothesis that pSiNPs mediate therapeutic protein delivery after systemic administration to improve outcomes in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Waggoner
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jinyoung Kang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Zuidema
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sanahan Vijayakumar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alan A. Hurtado
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael J. Sailor
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ester J. Kwon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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9
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Cralley AL, Moore EE, Fox CJ, Kissau D, DeBot M, Schaid TR, Mitra S, Hom P, Fragoso M, Ghasabyan A, Erickson C, D'Alessandro A, Hansen KC, Cohen MJ, Silliman CC, Sauaia A. Zone 1 REBOA in a combat DCBI swine model does not worsen brain injury. Surgery 2022; 172:751-758. [PMID: 35690490 PMCID: PMC9675949 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zone 1 resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta has been recommended for refractory shock after a dismounted complex blast injury for the austere combat scenario. While resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta should enhance coronary perfusion, there is a potential risk of secondary brain injury due to loss of cerebral autoregulation. We developed a combat casualty relevant dismounted complex blast injury swine model to evaluate the effects of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta zone I on intracranial pressure and cerebral edema. We hypothesized that zone 1 aortic occlusion with resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta would increase mean arterial pressure transmitted in excessive intracranial pressure, thereby worsening brain injury. METHODS 50 kg male Yorkshire swine were subjected to a combination dismounted complex blast injury model consisting of blast traumatic brain injury (50 psi, ARA Mobile Shock Laboratory), tissue injury (bilateral femur fractures), and hemorrhagic shock (controlled bleeding to a base deficit goal of 10 mEq/L). During the shock phase, pigs were randomized to no aortic occlusion (n = 8) or to 30 minutes of zone 1 resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (zone 1 aortic occlusion group, n = 6). After shock, pigs in both groups received a modified Tactical Combat Casualty Care-based resuscitation and were monitored for an additional 240 minutes until euthanasia/death for a total of 6 hours. Intracranial pressure was monitored throughout, and brains were harvested for water content. Linear mixed models for repeated measures were used to compare mean arterial pressure and intracranial pressure between zone 1 aortic occlusion and no aortic occlusion groups. RESULTS After dismounted complex blast injury, the zone 1 group had a significantly higher mean arterial pressure during hemorrhagic shock compared to the control group (41.2 mm Hg vs 16.7 mm Hg, P = .002). During balloon occlusion, intracranial pressure was not significantly elevated in the zone 1 aortic occlusion group vs control, but intracranial pressure was significantly lower in the zone 1 group at the end of the observation period. In addition, the zone 1 aortic occlusion group did not have increased brain water content (zone 1 aortic occlusion: 3.95 ± 0.1g vs no aortic occlusion: 3.95 ± 0.3 g, P = .87). Troponin levels significantly increased in the no aortic occlusion group but did not in the zone 1 aortic occlusion group. CONCLUSION Zone 1 aortic occlusion using resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in a large animal dismounted complex blast injury model improved proximal mean arterial pressure while not significantly increasing intracranial pressure during balloon inflation. Observation up to 240 minutes postresuscitation did not show clinical signs of worsening brain injury or cardiac injury. These data suggest that in a dismounted complex blast injury swine model, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in zone 1 may provide neuro- and cardioprotection in the setting of blast traumatic brain injury. However, longer monitoring periods may be needed to confirm that the neuroprotection is lasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest E Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, CO
| | - Charles J Fox
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Maryland Vascular Surgery Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniel Kissau
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Margot DeBot
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Terry R Schaid
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Patrick Hom
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Miguel Fragoso
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Christopher Erickson
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Maryland Vascular Surgery Baltimore, MD
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Maryland Vascular Surgery Baltimore, MD; Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Christopher C Silliman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, CO
| | - Angela Sauaia
- Department of Health Systems, Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
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10
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Clark AT, Abrahamson EE, Harper MM, Ikonomovic MD. Chronic effects of blast injury on the microvasculature in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease related Aβ amyloidosis. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:5. [PMID: 35012589 PMCID: PMC8751260 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered cerebrovascular function and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can contribute to chronic neuropathology and increase the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). TBI due to a blast-induced shock wave (bTBI) adversely affects the neurovascular unit (NVU) during the acute period after injury. However, the chronic effects of bTBI and Aβ on cellular components of the NVU and capillary network are not well understood. METHODS We exposed young adult (age range: 76-106 days) female transgenic (Tg) APP/PS1 mice, a model of AD-like Aβ amyloidosis, and wild type (Wt) mice to a single bTBI (~ 138 kPa or ~ 20 psi) or to a Sham procedure. At 3-months or 12-months survival after exposure, we quantified neocortical Aβ load in Tg mice, and percent contact area between aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-immunoreactive astrocytic end-feet and brain capillaries, numbers of PDGFRβ-immunoreactive pericytes, and capillary densities in both genotypes. RESULTS The astroglia AQP4-capillary contact area in the Tg-bTBI group was significantly lower than in the Tg-Sham group at 3-months survival. No significant changes in the AQP4-capillary contact area were observed in the Tg-bTBI group at 12-months survival or in the Wt groups. Capillary density in the Tg-bTBI group at 12-months survival was significantly higher compared to the Tg-Sham control and to the Tg-bTBI 3-months survival group. The Wt-bTBI group had significantly lower capillary density and pericyte numbers at 12-months survival compared to 3-months survival. When pericytes were quantified relative to capillary density, no significant differences were detected among the experimental groups, for both genotypes. CONCLUSION In conditions of high brain concentrations of human Aβ, bTBI exposure results in reduced AQP4 expression at the astroglia-microvascular interface, and in chronic capillary proliferation like what has been reported in AD. Long term microvascular changes after bTBI may contribute to the risk for developing chronic neurodegenerative disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T. Clark
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Eric E. Abrahamson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Matthew M. Harper
- The Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, 601 Hwy 6 West, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Biology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Milos D. Ikonomovic
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Thomas Detre Hall of the WPH, Room 1421, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2593 USA
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11
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Gama Sosa MA, De Gasperi R, Pryor D, Perez Garcia GS, Perez GM, Abutarboush R, Kawoos U, Hogg S, Ache B, Janssen WG, Sowa A, Tetreault T, Cook DG, Tappan SJ, Gandy S, Hof PR, Ahlers ST, Elder GA. Low-level blast exposure induces chronic vascular remodeling, perivascular astrocytic degeneration and vascular-associated neuroinflammation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:167. [PMID: 34654480 PMCID: PMC8518227 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vascular injury as a consequence of blast-induced traumatic brain injury is primarily the result of blast wave-induced mechanical disruptions within the neurovascular unit. In rodent models of blast-induced traumatic brain injury, chronic vascular degenerative processes are associated with the development of an age-dependent post-traumatic stress disorder-like phenotype. To investigate the evolution of blast-induced chronic vascular degenerative changes, Long-Evans rats were blast-exposed (3 × 74.5 kPa) and their brains analyzed at different times post-exposure by X-ray microcomputed tomography, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. On microcomputed tomography scans, regional cerebral vascular attenuation or occlusion was observed as early as 48 h post-blast, and cerebral vascular disorganization was visible at 6 weeks and more accentuated at 13 months post-blast. Progression of the late-onset pathology was characterized by detachment of the endothelial and smooth muscle cellular elements from the neuropil due to degeneration and loss of arteriolar perivascular astrocytes. Development of this pathology was associated with vascular remodeling and neuroinflammation as increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), collagen type IV loss, and microglial activation were observed in the affected vasculature. Blast-induced chronic alterations within the neurovascular unit should affect cerebral blood circulation, glymphatic flow and intramural periarterial drainage, all of which may contribute to development of the blast-induced behavioral phenotype. Our results also identify astrocytic degeneration as a potential target for the development of therapies to treat blast-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Gama Sosa
- General Medical Research Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Rita De Gasperi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Dylan Pryor
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Georgina S Perez Garcia
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gissel M Perez
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Rania Abutarboush
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Usmah Kawoos
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seth Hogg
- Micro Photonics, Inc, 1550 Pond Road, Suite 110, Allentown, PA, 18104, USA
| | - Benjamin Ache
- Micro Photonics, Inc, 1550 Pond Road, Suite 110, Allentown, PA, 18104, USA
| | - William G Janssen
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Allison Sowa
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - David G Cook
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Susan J Tappan
- MBF Bioscience LLC, 185 Allen Brook Lane, Williston, VT, 05495, USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- NFL Neurological Care Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Stephen T Ahlers
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Gregory A Elder
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Neurology Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
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12
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Satoh Y. The Potential of Hydrogen for Improving Mental Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:695-702. [PMID: 33185151 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201113095938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, Ohsawa and colleagues reported that molecular hydrogen (H2) gas significantly reduced the infarct volume size in a rat model of cerebral infarction, which was, at least, partially due to scavenging hydroxyl radicals. Since then, multiple studies have shown that H2 has not only anti-oxidative but also anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, which has ignited interest in the clinical use of H2 in diverse diseases. A growing body of studies has indicated that H2 affects both mental and physical conditions. Mental disorders are characterized by disordered mood, thoughts, and behaviors that affect the ability to function in daily life. However, there is no sure way to prevent mental disorders. Although antidepressant and antianxiety drugs relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety, they have efficacy limitations and are accompanied by a wide range of side effects. While mental disorders are generally thought to be caused by a variety of genetic and/or environmental factors, recent progress has shown that these disorders are strongly associated with increased oxidative and inflammatory stress. Thus, H2 has received much attention as a novel therapy for the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. This review summarizes the recent progress in the use of H2 for the treatment of mental disorders and other related diseases. We also discuss the potential mechanisms of the biomedical effects of H2 and conclude that H2 could offer relief to people suffering from mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Satoh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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13
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Rand D, Ravid O, Atrakchi D, Israelov H, Bresler Y, Shemesh C, Omesi L, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Gosselet F, Maskrey TS, Schnaider Beeri M, Wipf P, Cooper I. Endothelial Iron Homeostasis Regulates Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity via the HIF2α-Ve-Cadherin Pathway. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030311. [PMID: 33670876 PMCID: PMC7997362 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular response to damage at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to elucidate critical pathways that might lead to effective treatment in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies in which the BBB is compromised. We have used a human, stem-cell derived in-vitro BBB injury model to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling BBB integrity. Chemical injury induced by exposure to an organophosphate resulted in rapid lipid peroxidation, initiating a ferroptosis-like process. Additionally, mitochondrial ROS formation (MRF) and increase in mitochondrial membrane permeability were induced, leading to apoptotic cell death. Yet, these processes did not directly result in damage to barrier functionality, since blocking them did not reverse the increased permeability. We found that the iron chelator, Desferal© significantly decreased MRF and apoptosis subsequent to barrier insult, while also rescuing barrier integrity by inhibiting the labile iron pool increase, inducing HIF2α expression and preventing the degradation of Ve-cadherin specifically on the endothelial cell surface. Moreover, the novel nitroxide JP4-039 significantly rescued both injury-induced endothelium cell toxicity and barrier functionality. Elucidating a regulatory pathway that maintains BBB integrity illuminates a potential therapeutic approach to protect the BBB degradation that is evident in many neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rand
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (D.R.); (O.R.); (D.A.); (H.I.); (Y.B.); (C.S.); (L.O.); (S.L.-Z.); (M.S.B.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Orly Ravid
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (D.R.); (O.R.); (D.A.); (H.I.); (Y.B.); (C.S.); (L.O.); (S.L.-Z.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Dana Atrakchi
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (D.R.); (O.R.); (D.A.); (H.I.); (Y.B.); (C.S.); (L.O.); (S.L.-Z.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Hila Israelov
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (D.R.); (O.R.); (D.A.); (H.I.); (Y.B.); (C.S.); (L.O.); (S.L.-Z.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Yael Bresler
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (D.R.); (O.R.); (D.A.); (H.I.); (Y.B.); (C.S.); (L.O.); (S.L.-Z.); (M.S.B.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chen Shemesh
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (D.R.); (O.R.); (D.A.); (H.I.); (Y.B.); (C.S.); (L.O.); (S.L.-Z.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Liora Omesi
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (D.R.); (O.R.); (D.A.); (H.I.); (Y.B.); (C.S.); (L.O.); (S.L.-Z.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Sigal Liraz-Zaltsman
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (D.R.); (O.R.); (D.A.); (H.I.); (Y.B.); (C.S.); (L.O.); (S.L.-Z.); (M.S.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 97905, Israel
- Department of Sports Therapy, Institute for Health and Medical Professions, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono 55000, Israel
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory (LBHE), Artois University, UR 2465, F-62300 Lens, France;
| | - Taber S. Maskrey
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (T.S.M.); (P.W.)
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (D.R.); (O.R.); (D.A.); (H.I.); (Y.B.); (C.S.); (L.O.); (S.L.-Z.); (M.S.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (T.S.M.); (P.W.)
| | - Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (D.R.); (O.R.); (D.A.); (H.I.); (Y.B.); (C.S.); (L.O.); (S.L.-Z.); (M.S.B.)
- School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya 4610101, Israel
- The Nehemia Rubin Excellence in Biomedical Research—The TELEM Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Correspondence:
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14
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Shin MK, Vázquez-Rosa E, Cintrón-Pérez CJ, Riegel WA, Harper MM, Ritzel D, Pieper AA. Characterization of the Jet-Flow Overpressure Model of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Neurotrauma Rep 2021; 2:1-13. [PMID: 33748810 PMCID: PMC7962691 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2020.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The jet-flow overpressure chamber (OPC) has been previously reported as a model of blast-mediated traumatic brain injury (bTBI). However, rigorous characterization of the features of this injury apparatus shows that it fails to recapitulate exposure to an isolated blast wave. Through combined experimental and computational modeling analysis of gas-dynamic flow conditions, we show here that the jet-flow OPC produces a collimated high-speed jet flow with extreme dynamic pressure that delivers a severe compressive impulse. Variable rupture dynamics of the diaphragm through which the jet flow originates also generate a weak and infrequent shock front. In addition, there is a component of acceleration-deceleration injury to the head as it is agitated in the headrest. Although not a faithful model of free-field blast exposure, the jet-flow OPC produces a complex multi-modal model of TBI that can be useful in laboratory investigation of putative TBI therapies and fundamental neurophysiological processes after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoo Shin
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Edwin Vázquez-Rosa
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Coral J Cintrón-Pérez
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William A Riegel
- Stumptown Research and Development, LLC, Black Mountain, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew M Harper
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David Ritzel
- Dyn-FX Consulting, Ltd., Amherstburg, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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15
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Muresanu DF, Sharma A, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Feng L, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Sjöquist PO, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Diabetes exacerbates brain pathology following a focal blast brain injury: New role of a multimodal drug cerebrolysin and nanomedicine. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:285-367. [PMID: 33223037 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blast brain injury (bBI) is a combination of several forces of pressure, rotation, penetration of sharp objects and chemical exposure causing laceration, perforation and tissue losses in the brain. The bBI is quite prevalent in military personnel during combat operations. However, no suitable therapeutic strategies are available so far to minimize bBI pathology. Combat stress induces profound cardiovascular and endocrine dysfunction leading to psychosomatic disorders including diabetes mellitus (DM). This is still unclear whether brain pathology in bBI could exacerbate in DM. In present review influence of DM on pathophysiology of bBI is discussed based on our own investigations. In addition, treatment with cerebrolysin (a multimodal drug comprising neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments) or H-290/51 (a chain-breaking antioxidant) using nanowired delivery of for superior neuroprotection on brain pathology in bBI in DM is explored. Our observations are the first to show that pathophysiology of bBI is exacerbated in DM and TiO2-nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin induces profound neuroprotection in bBI in DM, not reported earlier. The clinical significance of our findings with regard to military medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Per-Ove Sjöquist
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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16
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Tokhmechi B, Fazel-Rezai R, Bamdad M. The effects of explosion sound on the brain based on electroencephalogram signals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:475-491. [PMID: 30950642 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1599326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the brain reactions to explosion sound are investigated. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of 17 people were recorded. Subjects were selected from three groups: staff who did not face explosion before, blasting employees of surface, and underground mining workers. Routine EEG signals, also called explosion sounds, were recorded. Explosion sound was broadcasted without any previous alarm. Then it was repeated with their pre-awareness. Gradient and time duration of Delta band of EEG signals were extracted as features. Results showed that for blasting employees, especially underground ones, an increase of mean amplitude of delta band power of EEG signals of motor, speech, auditory and visual sensations were occurred, while in the case of staff it was decreased. This shows consciousness arising of blasting employees with hearing explosion sound. The reaction of somatosensory sense was dropped for all three groups. In general, reaction time for blasting employees has been longer than staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Tokhmechi
- School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Reza Fazel-Rezai
- Electrical Engineering, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Mahdi Bamdad
- Faculty of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology , Shahrood, Iran
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17
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Hubler GK, Hoffman SW, Andreadis TD, DePalma RG. Pulsed Microwave Energy Transduction of Acoustic Phonon Related Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:753. [PMID: 32849213 PMCID: PMC7417645 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsed microwaves above specific energy thresholds have been reported to cause brain injury in animal models. The actual physical mechanism causing brain damage is unexplained while the clinical reality of these injuries remains controversial. Here we propose mechanisms by which pulsed microwaves may injure brain tissue by transduction of microwave energy into damaging acoustic phonons in brain water. We have shown that low intensity explosive blast waves likely initiate phonon excitations in brain tissues. Brain injury in this instance occurs at nanoscale subcellular levels as predicted by physical consideration of phonon interactions in brain water content. The phonon mechanism may also explain similarities between primary non-impact blast-induced mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) and recent clinical and imaging findings of unexplained brain injuries observed in US embassy personnel possibly due to directed radiofrequency radiation. We describe experiments to elucidate mechanisms, RF frequencies and power levels by which pulsed microwaves potentially injure brain tissue. Pathological documentation of nanoscale brain blast injury has been supported experimentally using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrating nanoscale cellular damage in the absence of gross or light microscopic findings. Similar studies are required to better define pulsed microwave brain injury. Based upon existing findings, clinical diagnosis of both low intensity blast and microwave-induced brain injury likely will require diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a specialized water based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham K Hubler
- The School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Stuart W Hoffman
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service, Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tim D Andreadis
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Tactical Electronic Warfare Division, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ralph G DePalma
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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18
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Oral ascorbic acid 2-glucoside prevents coordination disorder induced via laser-induced shock waves in rat brain. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230774. [PMID: 32240226 PMCID: PMC7117653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of primary blast-related traumatic brain injury (bTBI). We evaluated the effects of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G), a well-known antioxidant, to control oxidative stress in rat brain exposed to laser-induced shock waves (LISWs). The design consisted of a controlled animal study using male 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The study was conducted at the University research laboratory. Low-impulse (54 Pa•s) LISWs were transcranially applied to rat brain. Rats were randomized to control group (anesthesia and head shaving, n = 10), LISW group (anesthesia, head shaving and LISW application, n = 10) or LISW + post AA2G group (AA2G administration after LISW application, n = 10) in the first study. In another study, rats were randomized to control group (n = 10), LISW group (n = 10) or LISW + pre and post AA2G group (AA2G administration before and after LISW application, n = 10). The measured outcomes were as follows: (i) motor function assessed by accelerating rotarod test; (ii) levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative stress marker; (iii) ascorbic acid in each group of rats. Ascorbic acid levels were significantly decreased and 8-OHdG levels were significantly increased in the cerebellum of the LISW group. Motor coordination disorder was also observed in the group. Prophylactic AA2G administration significantly increased the ascorbic acid levels, reduced oxidative stress and mitigated the motor dysfunction. In contrast, the effects of therapeutic AA2G administration alone were limited. The results suggest that the prophylactic administration of ascorbic acid can reduce shock wave-related oxidative stress and prevented motor dysfunction in rats.
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19
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Abrahamson EE, Ikonomovic MD. Brain injury-induced dysfunction of the blood brain barrier as a risk for dementia. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113257. [PMID: 32092298 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex and dynamic physiological interface between brain parenchyma and cerebral vasculature. It is composed of closely interacting cells and signaling molecules that regulate movement of solutes, ions, nutrients, macromolecules, and immune cells into the brain and removal of products of normal and abnormal brain cell metabolism. Dysfunction of multiple components of the BBB occurs in aging, inflammatory diseases, traumatic brain injury (TBI, severe or mild repetitive), and in chronic degenerative dementing disorders for which aging, inflammation, and TBI are considered risk factors. BBB permeability changes after TBI result in leakage of serum proteins, influx of immune cells, perivascular inflammation, as well as impairment of efflux transporter systems and accumulation of aggregation-prone molecules involved in hallmark pathologies of neurodegenerative diseases with dementia. In addition, cerebral vascular dysfunction with persistent alterations in cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling contribute to brain ischemia, neuronal degeneration, and synaptic dysfunction. While the idea of TBI as a risk factor for dementia is supported by many shared pathological features, it remains a hypothesis that needs further testing in experimental models and in human studies. The current review focusses on pathological mechanisms shared between TBI and neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulation of pathological protein aggregates, such as Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. We discuss critical knowledge gaps in the field that need to be explored to clarify the relationship between TBI and risk for dementia and emphasize the need for longitudinal in vivo studies using imaging and biomarkers of BBB dysfunction in people with single or multiple TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Abrahamson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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20
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Wei S, Liang XZ, Hu Q, Wang WS, Xu WJ, Cheng XQ, Peng J, Guo QY, Liu SY, Jiang W, Ding X, Han GH, Liu P, Shi CH, Wang Y. Different protein expression patterns in rat spinal nerves during Wallerian degeneration assessed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation proteomics profiling. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:315-323. [PMID: 31552905 PMCID: PMC6905349 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.265556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory and motor nerve fibers of peripheral nerves have different anatomies and regeneration functions after injury. To gain a clear understanding of the biological processes behind these differences, we used a labeling technique termed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to investigate the protein profiles of spinal nerve tissues from Sprague-Dawley rats. In response to Wallerian degeneration, a total of 626 proteins were screened in sensory nerves, of which 368 were upregulated and 258 were downregulated. In addition, 637 proteins were screened in motor nerves, of which 372 were upregulated and 265 were downregulated. All identified proteins were analyzed using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of bioinformatics, and the presence of several key proteins closely related to Wallerian degeneration were tested and verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. The differentially expressed proteins only identified in the sensory nerves were mainly relevant to various biological processes that included cell-cell adhesion, carbohydrate metabolic processes and cell adhesion, whereas differentially expressed proteins only identified in the motor nerves were mainly relevant to biological processes associated with the glycolytic process, cell redox homeostasis, and protein folding. In the aspect of the cellular component, the differentially expressed proteins in the sensory and motor nerves were commonly related to extracellular exosomes, the myelin sheath, and focal adhesion. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, the differentially expressed proteins identified are primarily related to various types of metabolic pathways. In conclusion, the present study screened differentially expressed proteins to reveal more about the differences and similarities between sensory and motor nerves during Wallerian degeneration. The present findings could provide a reference point for a future investigation into the differences between sensory and motor nerves in Wallerian degeneration and the characteristics of peripheral nerve regeneration. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, China (approval No. 2016-x9-07) in September 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue-Zhen Liang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei-Shan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Cheng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quan-Yi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yun Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gong-Hai Han
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province; Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province; Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Chen-Hui Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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21
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Cavitation-induced traumatic cerebral contusion and intracerebral hemorrhage in the rat brain by using an off-the-shelf clinical shockwave device. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15614. [PMID: 31666607 PMCID: PMC6821893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic cerebral contusion and intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) commonly result from traumatic brain injury and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Current animal models require craniotomy and provide less control over injury severity. This study proposes a highly reproducible and controllable traumatic contusion and ICH model using non-invasive extracorporeal shockwaves (ESWs). Rat heads were exposed to ESWs generated by an off-the-shelf clinical device plus intravenous injection of microbubbles to enhance the cavitation effect for non-invasive induction of injury. Results indicate that injury severity can be effectively adjusted by using different ESW parameters. Moreover, the location or depth of injury can be purposefully determined by changing the focus of the concave ESW probe. Traumatic contusion and ICH were confirmed by H&E staining. Interestingly, the numbers of TUNEL-positive cells (apoptotic cell death) peaked one day after ESW exposure, while Iba1-positive cells (reactive microglia) and GFAP-positive cells (astrogliosis) respectively peaked seven and fourteen days after exposure. Cytokine assay showed significantly increased expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The extent of brain edema was characterized with magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusively, the proposed non-invasive and highly reproducible preclinical model effectively simulates the mechanism of closed head injury and provides focused traumatic contusion and ICH.
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22
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Satoh Y, Araki Y, Kashitani M, Nishii K, Kobayashi Y, Fujita M, Suzuki S, Morimoto Y, Tokuno S, Tsumatori G, Yamamoto T, Saitoh D, Ishizuka T. Molecular Hydrogen Prevents Social Deficits and Depression-Like Behaviors Induced by Low-Intensity Blast in Mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:827-836. [PMID: 30053086 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Detonation of explosive devices creates blast waves, which can injure brains even in the absence of external injuries. Among these, blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (bmTBI) is increasing in military populations, such as in the wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. Although the clinical presentation of bmTBI is not precisely defined, it is frequently associated with psycho-neurological deficits and usually manifests in the form of poly-trauma including psychiatric morbidity and cognitive disruption. Although the underlying mechanisms of bmTBI are largely unknown, some studies suggested that bmTBI is associated with blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, and edema in the brain. The present study investigated the effects of novel antioxidant, molecular hydrogen gas, on bmTBI using a laboratory-scale shock tube model in mice. Hydrogen gas has a strong prospect for clinical use due to easy preparation, low-cost, and no side effects. The administration of hydrogen gas significantly attenuated the behavioral deficits observed in our bmTBI model, suggesting that hydrogen application might be a strong therapeutic method for treatment of bmTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiyuki Araki
- Department of Defense Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Kashitani
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, National Defense Academy of Japan, Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Kobayashi
- Department of Defense Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Shinya Suzuki
- Kameda Medical Center, Emergency and Trauma Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Morimoto
- Department of Integrated Physiology Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tokuno
- Department of Defense Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Gentaro Tsumatori
- Department of Defense Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamoto
- Military Medicine Research Unit, Test and Evaluation Command, Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Division of Traumatology, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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23
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McCarty AK, Zhang L, Hansen S, Jackson WJ, Bentil SA. Viscoelastic properties of shock wave exposed brain tissue subjected to unconfined compression experiments. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 100:103380. [PMID: 31446342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) affect millions of people each year. While research has been dedicated to determining the mechanical properties of the uninjured brain, there has been a lack of investigation on the mechanical properties of the brain after experiencing a primary blast-induced TBI. In this paper, whole porcine brains were exposed to a shock wave to simulate blast-induced TBI. First, ten (10) brains were subjected to unconfined compression experiments immediately following shock wave exposure. In addition, 22 brains exposed to a shock wave were placed in saline solution and refrigerated between 30 minutes and 6.0 hours before undergoing unconfined compression experiments. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a time delay on the viscoelastic properties in the event that an experiment cannot be completed immediately. Samples from both soaked and freshly extracted brains were subjected to compressive rates of 5, 50, and 500 mm/min during the unconfined compression experiments. The fractional Zener (FZ) viscoelastic model was applied to obtain the brain's material properties. The length of time in the solution statistically influenced three of the four FZ coefficients, E0 (instantaneous elastic response), τ0 (relaxation time), and α (fractional order). Further, the compressive rate statistically influenced τ0 and α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annastacia K McCarty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 2529 Union Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 2529 Union Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Sarah Hansen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 2529 Union Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - William J Jackson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 2529 Union Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Sarah A Bentil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 2529 Union Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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24
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Zhang L, Jackson WJ, Bentil SA. The mechanical behavior of brain surrogates manufactured from silicone elastomers. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 95:180-190. [PMID: 31009902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing conflict against terrorism has resulted in an escalation of blast-induced traumatic brain injuries (bTBI) caused by improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The destructive IEDs create a blast wave that travels through the atmosphere. Blast-induced traumatic brain injuries, attributed to the blast wave, can cause life-threatening injuries and fatalities. This study aims to find a surrogate brain material for assessing the effectiveness of head protection systems designed to mitigate bTBI. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is considered as the surrogate brain material. The stiffness of PDMS (Sylgard 184, Dow Corning Corp.) can be controlled by varying the ratio of base and curing agent. Cylindrical PDMS specimen with ratios of 1:10, 1:70, and 1:80 were subjected to unconfined compression experiments at linear rates of 5 mm/min, 50 mm/min, and 500 mm/min. A ramp-hold strain profile was used to simulate a stress relaxation experiment. The fractional Zener viscoelastic model was used to describe the stress relaxation response, after optimization of the material constants for the brain surrogate and shock wave exposure brain tissue. The results show that the low cost PDMS can be used as a surrogate brain material to study the dynamic brain response to blast wave exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 2529 Union Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - William J Jackson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 2529 Union Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Sarah A Bentil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 2529 Union Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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25
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Zhou Y, Tian M, Wang HD, Gao CC, Zhu L, Lin YX, Fang J, Ding K. Activation of the Nrf2-ARE signal pathway after blast induced traumatic brain injury in mice. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:801-807. [PMID: 30648894 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1569652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Han-Dong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Chao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Xing Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
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26
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Gama Sosa MA, De Gasperi R, Perez Garcia GS, Perez GM, Searcy C, Vargas D, Spencer A, Janssen PL, Tschiffely AE, McCarron RM, Ache B, Manoharan R, Janssen WG, Tappan SJ, Hanson RW, Gandy S, Hof PR, Ahlers ST, Elder GA. Low-level blast exposure disrupts gliovascular and neurovascular connections and induces a chronic vascular pathology in rat brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:6. [PMID: 30626447 PMCID: PMC6327415 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Much concern exists over the role of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the chronic cognitive and mental health problems that develop in veterans and active duty military personnel. The brain vasculature is particularly sensitive to blast injury. The aim of this study was to characterize the evolving molecular and histologic alterations in the neurovascular unit induced by three repetitive low-energy blast exposures (3 × 74.5 kPa) in a rat model mimicking human mild TBI or subclinical blast exposure. High-resolution two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of purified brain vascular fractions from blast-exposed animals 6 weeks post-exposure showed decreased levels of vascular-associated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and several neuronal intermediate filament proteins (α-internexin and the low, middle, and high molecular weight neurofilament subunits). Loss of these proteins suggested that blast exposure disrupts gliovascular and neurovascular interactions. Electron microscopy confirmed blast-induced effects on perivascular astrocytes including swelling and degeneration of astrocytic endfeet in the brain cortical vasculature. Because the astrocyte is a major sensor of neuronal activity and regulator of cerebral blood flow, structural disruption of gliovascular integrity within the neurovascular unit should impair cerebral autoregulation. Disrupted neurovascular connections to pial and parenchymal blood vessels might also affect brain circulation. Blast exposures also induced structural and functional alterations in the arterial smooth muscle layer. Interestingly, by 8 months after blast exposure, GFAP and neuronal intermediate filament expression had recovered to control levels in isolated brain vascular fractions. However, despite this recovery, a widespread vascular pathology was still apparent at 10 months after blast exposure histologically and on micro-computed tomography scanning. Thus, low-level blast exposure disrupts gliovascular and neurovascular connections while inducing a chronic vascular pathology.
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Concentrated Conditioned Media from Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigates Visual Deficits and Retinal Inflammation Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072016. [PMID: 29997321 PMCID: PMC6073664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast concussions are a common injury sustained in military combat today. Inflammation due to microglial polarization can drive the development of visual defects following blast injuries. In this study, we assessed whether anti-inflammatory factors released by the mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (adipose stem cells, ASC) can limit retinal tissue damage and improve visual function in a mouse model of visual deficits following mild traumatic brain injury. We show that intravitreal injection of 1 μL of ASC concentrated conditioned medium from cells pre-stimulated with inflammatory cytokines (ASC-CCM) mitigates loss of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity four weeks post blast injury. Moreover, blast mice showed increased retinal expression of genes associated with microglial activation and inflammation by molecular analyses, retinal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity, and increased loss of ganglion cells. Interestingly, blast mice that received ASC-CCM improved in all parameters above. In vitro, ASC-CCM not only suppressed microglial activation but also protected against Tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) induced endothelial permeability as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. Biochemical and molecular analyses demonstrate TSG-6 is highly expressed in ASC-CCM from cells pre-stimulated with TNFα and IFNγ but not from unstimulated cells. Our findings suggest that ASC-CCM mitigates visual deficits of the blast injury through their anti-inflammatory properties on activated pro-inflammatory microglia and endothelial cells. A regenerative therapy for immediate delivery at the time of injury may provide a practical and cost-effective solution against the traumatic effects of blast injuries to the retina.
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28
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Tong C, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Cong P, Shi X, Liu Y, Shi Hongxu Jin L, Hou M. Shock waves increase pulmonary vascular leakage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in a mouse model. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:934-944. [PMID: 29984607 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218784539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe lung damage is a major cause of death in blast victims, but the mechanisms of pulmonary blast injury are not well understood. Therefore, it is important to study the injury mechanism of pulmonary blast injury. A model of lung injury induced by blast exposure was established by using a simulation blast device. The effectiveness and reproducibility of the device were investigated. Eighty mice were randomly divided into eight groups: control group and 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 7 days and 14 days post blast. The explosive device induced an explosion injury model of a single lung injury in mice. The success rate of the model was as high as 90%, and the degree of lung injury was basically the same under the same pressure. Under the same conditions, the thickness of the aluminum film can be from 0.8 mm to 1.6 mm, and the peak pressure could be from 95.85 ± 15.61 PSI to 423.32 ± 11.64 PSI. There is no statistical difference in intragroup comparison. A follow-up lung injury experiment using an aluminum film thickness of 1.4 mm showed a pressure of 337.46 ± 18.30 PSI induced a mortality rate of approximately 23.2%. Compared with the control group (372 ± 23 times/min, 85.9 ± 9.4 mmHg, 4.34 ± 0.09), blast exposed mice had decreased heart rate (283 ± 21 times/min) and blood pressure (73.6 ± 3.6 mmHg), and increased lung wet/dry weight ratio(2.67 ± 0.11), marked edematous lung tissue, ruptured blood vessels, infiltrating inflammatory cells, increased NF-κB (4.13 ± 0.01), TNF-α (4.13 ± 0.01), IL-1β (2.43 ± 0.01) and IL-6 (4.65 ± 0.01) mRNA and protein, decreased IL-10(0.18 ± 0.02) mRNA and protein ( P < 0.05). The formation of ROS and the expression of MDA5 (4.46 ± 0.01) and IREα (3.43 ± 0.00) mRNA and protein were increased and the expression of SOD-1 (0.28 ± 0.02) mRNA and protein was decreased ( P < 0.05). Increased expression of Bax (3.54 ± 0.00) and caspase 3 (4.18 ± 0.01) mRNA and protein inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 (0.39 ± 0.02) mRNA and protein. The changes of pulmonary edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cell damage factor expression increased gradually with time, and reached the peak at 12-24 h after the outbreak, and returned to normal at 7-14 days. Detonation injury can lead to edema of lung tissue, pulmonary hemorrhage, rupture of pulmonary vessels, induction of early inflammatory responses accompanied by increased oxidative stress in lung tissue cells and increased apoptosis in mice experiencing blast injury. The above results are consistent with those reported in other literatures. It is showed that the mouse lung blast injury model is successfully modeled, and the device can be used for the study of pulmonary blast injury. Impact statement The number of patients with explosive injury has increased year by year, but there is no better treatment. However, the research on detonation injury is difficult to carry out. One of the factors is the difficulty in making the model of blast injury. The laboratory successfully developed and produced a simulation device of explosive knocking through a large amount of literature data and preliminary experiments, and verified the preparation of the simulation device through various experimental techniques. The results showed that the device could simulate the shock wave-induced acute lung injury generated, which was similar to the actual knocking injury. The experimental process was controlled. Under the same condition, there was no statistical difference between the groups. It is possible to realize miniaturization and precision of an explosive knocking simulation device, which is a good experimental tool for further research on the mechanism of organ damage caused by detonation and the development of protective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changci Tong
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yunen Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yubiao Zhang
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peifang Cong
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiuyun Shi
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lin Shi Hongxu Jin
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingxiao Hou
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang 110016, China
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Kuriakose M, Rama Rao KV, Younger D, Chandra N. Temporal and Spatial Effects of Blast Overpressure on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Traumatic Brain Injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8681. [PMID: 29875451 PMCID: PMC5989233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a “signature wound” in soldiers during training and in combat and has also become a major cause of morbidity in civilians due to increased insurgency. This work examines the role of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption as a result of both primary biomechanical and secondary biochemical injury mechanisms in bTBI. Extravasation of sodium fluorescein (NaF) and Evans blue (EB) tracers were used to demonstrate that compromise of the BBB occurs immediately following shock loading, increases in intensity up to 4 hours and returns back to normal in 24 hours. This BBB compromise occurs in multiple regions of the brain in the anterior-posterior direction of the shock wave, with maximum extravasation seen in the frontal cortex. Compromise of the BBB is confirmed by (a) extravasation of tracers into the brain, (b) quantification of tight-junction proteins (TJPs) in the brain and the blood, and (c) tracking specific blood-borne molecules into the brain and brain-specific proteins into the blood. Taken together, this work demonstrates that the BBB compromise occurs as a part of initial biomechanical loading and is a function of increasing blast overpressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kuriakose
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine (CIBM3), Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA
| | - Kakulavarapu V Rama Rao
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine (CIBM3), Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA.
| | - Daniel Younger
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine (CIBM3), Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA
| | - Namas Chandra
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine (CIBM3), Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA.
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30
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Agoston DV. Modeling the Long-Term Consequences of Repeated Blast-Induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries. J Neurotrauma 2018; 34:S44-S52. [PMID: 28937952 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) caused by playing collision sports or by exposure to blasts during military operations can lead to late onset, chronic diseases such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive neurodegenerative condition that manifests in increasingly severe neuropsychiatric abnormalities years after the last injury. Currently, because of the heterogeneity of the clinical presentation, confirmation of a CTE diagnosis requires post-mortem examination of the brain. The hallmarks of CTE are abnormal accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein, TDP-43 immunoreactive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, and astroglial abnormalities, but the pathomechanism leading to these terminal findings remains unknown. Animal modeling can play an important role in the identification of CTE pathomechanisms, the development of early stage diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and pharmacological interventions. Modeling the long-term consequences of blast rmTBI in animals is especially challenging because of the complexities of blast physics and animal-to-human scaling issues. This review summarizes current knowledge about the pathobiologies of CTE and rmbTBI and discusses problems as well as potential solutions related to high-fidelity modeling of rmbTBI and determining its long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denes V Agoston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Song H, Cui J, Simonyi A, Johnson CE, Hubler GK, DePalma RG, Gu Z. Linking blast physics to biological outcomes in mild traumatic brain injury: Narrative review and preliminary report of an open-field blast model. Behav Brain Res 2018; 340:147-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shi Z, Qiu W, Xiao G, Cheng J, Zhang N. Resveratrol Attenuates Cognitive Deficits of Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating p38 Signaling in the Brain. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1097-1103. [PMID: 29467361 PMCID: PMC5830922 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by cognitive deficits, which was associated with brain oxidative stress and apoptosis. Resveratrol (RSV) is an anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative. This study aimed to investigate neuroprotective effects and involved molecular mechanisms in TBI. MATERIAL AND METHODS RSV and p38 inhibitor were administrated to TBI rats. Cognitive deficits were evaluated by Morris water maze assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were detected in rat brains by fluorescent staining. Western blotting was used to assess the phosphorylation of p38 and the expression levels of Nrf2, HO1, and activated caspase-3. RESULTS RSV administration attenuated cognitive deficits of TBI rats. The ROS generation and apoptosis in the brain of TBI rats were suppressed by RSV treatment. Moreover, RSV treatment recovered activation of p38/Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway. The co-administration of p38 inhibitor impaired RSV's attenuating effects on cognitive deficits, brain apoptosis, and ROS generation. CONCLUSIONS RSV attenuated cognitive deficits of TBI by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis via targeting p38/Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wusi Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Guomin Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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33
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Tchantchou F, Puche AA, Leiste U, Fourney W, Blanpied TA, Fiskum G. Rat Model of Brain Injury to Occupants of Vehicles Targeted by Land Mines: Mitigation by Elastomeric Frame Designs. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1192-1203. [PMID: 29187028 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many victims of blast traumatic brain injury (TBI) are occupants of vehicles targeted by land mines. A rat model of under-vehicle blast TBI was used to test the hypothesis that the ensuing neuropathology and altered behavior are mitigated by vehicle frame designs that dramatically reduce blast-induced acceleration (G force). Male rats were restrained on an aluminum platform that was accelerated vertically at up to 2850g, in response to detonation of an explosive positioned under a second platform in contact with the top via different structures. The presence of elastomeric, polyurea-coated aluminum cylinders between the platforms reduced acceleration by 80% to 550g compared with 2350g with uncoated cylinders. Moreover, 67% of rats exposed to 2850g, and 20% of those exposed to 2350g died immediately after blast, whereas all rats subjected to 550g blast survived. Assays for working memory (Y maze) and anxiety (Plus maze) were conducted for up to 28 days. Rats were euthanized at 24 h or 29 days, and their brains were used for histopathology and neurochemical measurements. Rats exposed to 2350g blasts exhibited increased cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampus. There was also increased vascular immunoglobulin (Ig)G effusion and F4/80 immunopositive macrophages/microglia. Blast exposure reduced hippocampal levels of synaptic proteins Bassoon and Homer-1, which were associated with impaired performance in the Y maze and the Plus maze tests. These changes observed after 2350g blasts were reduced or eliminated with the use of polyurea-coated cylinders. Such advances in vehicle designs should aid in the development of the next generation of blast-resistant vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaubert Tchantchou
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adam A Puche
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ulrich Leiste
- 3 Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland School of Engineering , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William Fourney
- 3 Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland School of Engineering , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas A Blanpied
- 4 Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary Fiskum
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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34
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Rodriguez UA, Zeng Y, Deyo D, Parsley MA, Hawkins BE, Prough DS, DeWitt DS. Effects of Mild Blast Traumatic Brain Injury on Cerebral Vascular, Histopathological, and Behavioral Outcomes in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:375-392. [PMID: 29160141 PMCID: PMC5784797 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI), several groups of rats were subjected to blast injury or sham injury in a compressed air-driven shock tube. The effects of bTBI on relative cerebral perfusion (laser Doppler flowmetry [LDF]), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) cerebral vascular resistance were measured for 2 h post-bTBI. Dilator responses to reduced intravascular pressure were measured in isolated middle cerebral arterial (MCA) segments, ex vivo, 30 and 60 min post-bTBI. Neuronal injury was assessed (Fluoro-Jade C [FJC]) 24 and 48 h post-bTBI. Neurological outcomes (beam balance and walking tests) and working memory (Morris water maze [MWM]) were assessed 2 weeks post-bTBI. Because impact TBI (i.e., non-blast TBI) is often associated with reduced cerebral perfusion and impaired cerebrovascular function in part because of the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite (ONOO-), the effects of the administration of the ONOO- scavenger, penicillamine methyl ester (PenME), on cerebral perfusion and cerebral vascular resistance were measured for 2 h post-bTBI. Mild bTBI resulted in reduced relative cerebral perfusion and MCA dilator responses to reduced intravascular pressure, increases in cerebral vascular resistance and in the numbers of FJC-positive cells in the brain, and significantly impaired working memory. PenME administration resulted in significant reductions in cerebral vascular resistance and a trend toward increased cerebral perfusion, suggesting that ONOO- may contribute to blast-induced cerebral vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uylissa A. Rodriguez
- Cell Biology Graduate Program, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yaping Zeng
- The Moody Project for Translational Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Charles R. Allen Research Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Donald Deyo
- The Moody Project for Translational Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Charles R. Allen Research Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Margaret A. Parsley
- The Moody Project for Translational Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Charles R. Allen Research Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Bridget E. Hawkins
- Cell Biology Graduate Program, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Donald S. Prough
- The Moody Project for Translational Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Charles R. Allen Research Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Douglas S. DeWitt
- Cell Biology Graduate Program, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
- The Moody Project for Translational Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Charles R. Allen Research Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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35
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Somayaji MR, Przekwas AJ, Gupta RK. Combination Therapy for Multi-Target Manipulation of Secondary Brain Injury Mechanisms. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:484-504. [PMID: 28847295 PMCID: PMC6018188 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170828165711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major healthcare problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite advances in understanding and developing preventative and treatment strategies using preclinical animal models, clinical trials to date have failed, and a 'magic bullet' for effectively treating TBI-induced damage does not exist. Thus, novel pharmacological strategies to effectively manipulate the complex and heterogeneous pathophysiology of secondary injury mechanisms are needed. Given that goal, this paper discusses the relevance and advantages of combination therapies (COMTs) for 'multi-target manipulation' of the secondary injury cascade by administering multiple drugs to achieve an optimal therapeutic window of opportunity (e.g., temporally broad window) and compares these regimens to monotherapies that manipulate a single target with a single drug at a given time. Furthermore, we posit that integrated mechanistic multiscale models that combine primary injury biomechanics, secondary injury mechanobiology/neurobiology, physiology, pharmacology and mathematical programming techniques could account for vast differences in the biological space and time scales and help to accelerate drug development, to optimize pharmacological COMT protocols and to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raj K. Gupta
- Department of Defense Blast Injury Research Program Coordinating Office, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
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36
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Gama Sosa MA, De Gasperi R, Perez Garcia GS, Sosa H, Searcy C, Vargas D, Janssen PL, Perez GM, Tschiffely AE, Janssen WG, McCarron RM, Hof PR, Haghighi FG, Ahlers ST, Elder GA. Lack of chronic neuroinflammation in the absence of focal hemorrhage in a rat model of low-energy blast-induced TBI. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:80. [PMID: 29126430 PMCID: PMC6389215 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been a common cause of injury in the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Blast waves can damage blood vessels, neurons, and glial cells within the brain. Acutely, depending on the blast energy, blast wave duration, and number of exposures, blast waves disrupt the blood-brain barrier, triggering microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Recently, there has been much interest in the role that ongoing neuroinflammation may play in the chronic effects of TBI. Here, we investigated whether chronic neuroinflammation is present in a rat model of repetitive low-energy blast exposure. Six weeks after three 74.5-kPa blast exposures, and in the absence of hemorrhage, no significant alteration in the level of microglia activation was found. At 6 weeks after blast exposure, plasma levels of fractalkine, interleukin-1β, lipopolysaccharide-inducible CXC chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor were decreased. However, no differences in cytokine levels were detected between blast-exposed and control rats at 40 weeks. In brain, isolated changes were seen in levels of selected cytokines at 6 weeks following blast exposure, but none of these changes was found in both hemispheres or at 40 weeks after blast exposure. Notably, one animal with a focal hemorrhagic tear showed chronic microglial activation around the lesion 16 weeks post-blast exposure. These findings suggest that focal hemorrhage can trigger chronic focal neuroinflammation following blast-induced TBI, but that in the absence of hemorrhage, chronic neuroinflammation is not a general feature of low-level blast injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Gama Sosa
- General Medical Research Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, New York, 10468, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rita De Gasperi
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georgina S Perez Garcia
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heidi Sosa
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Courtney Searcy
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Vargas
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierce L Janssen
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gissel M Perez
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Anna E Tschiffely
- Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - William G Janssen
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard M McCarron
- Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatemeh G Haghighi
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen T Ahlers
- Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gregory A Elder
- Neurology Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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37
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Reparative Effects of Poloxamer P188 in Astrocytes Exposed to Controlled Microcavitation. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 46:354-364. [PMID: 29110266 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a neurological dysfunction that can result from a sudden exposure to shockwave and lead to adverse health consequences. Currently, there are no preventive measures that specifically target bTBI. Several hypotheses have been formulated to explain such injuries, including the generation of microcavitation (e.g., microbubbles) in the brain that subsequently collapses with high pressure. This study was designed to explore and elucidate potential therapeutic effects of surfactants (poloxamers P188) to partially repair the damaged brain tissue due to bTBI. A controlled electrical discharge system was designed and validated to generate microbubbles of 20-30 μm in size. Using this system, we tested the hypothesis that the P188 can partially rescue astrocytes exposed to collapsing microbubbles. The immediate impact of the collapse of microbubbles created a crater-like region in which astrocytes detached from the substrate. Of those cells that survived the initial mechanical assault, the poloxamer P188 demonstrated reparative potential by partially restoring calcium spiking and minimizing the production of reactive oxygen species. The FDA-approved P188 may offer a potential therapeutic treatment for those exposed to a blast and suffered bTBI.
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38
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Lucke-Wold BP, Logsdon AF, Turner RC, Huber JD, Rosen CL. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Modulation as a Target for Ameliorating Effects of Blast Induced Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:S62-S70. [PMID: 28077004 PMCID: PMC5749601 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has been shown to contribute to progressive neurodegenerative disease. Recent evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a mechanistic link between acute neurotrauma and progressive tauopathy. We propose that ER stress contributes to extensive behavioral changes associated with a chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)-like phenotype. Targeting ER stress is a promising option for the treatment of neurotrauma-related neurodegeneration, which warrants investigation. Utilizing our validated and clinically relevant Sprague-Dawley blast model, we investigated a time course of mechanistic changes that occur following bTBI (50 psi) including: ER stress activation, iron-mediated toxicity, and tauopathy via Western blot and immunohistochemistry. These changes were associated with behavioral alterations measured by the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Forced Swim Test (FST), and Morris Water Maze (MWM). Following characterization, salubrinal, an ER stress modulator, was given at a concentration of 1 mg/kg post-blast, and its mechanism of action was determined in vitro. bTBI significantly increased markers of injury in the cortex of the left hemisphere: p-PERK and p-eIF2α at 30 min, p-T205 tau at 6 h, and iron at 24 h. bTBI animals spent more time immobile on the FST at 72 h and more time in the open arm of the EPM at 7 days. Further, bTBI caused a significant learning disruption measured with MWM at 21 days post-blast, with persistent tau changes. Salubrinal successfully reduced ER stress markers in vivo and in vitro while significantly improving performance on the EPM. bTBI causes robust biochemical changes that contribute to neurodegeneration, but these changes may be targeted with ER stress modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P. Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ryan C. Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jason D. Huber
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Charles L. Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Xu Z, Liu Y, Yang D, Yuan F, Ding J, Chen H, Tian H. Sesamin protects SH-SY5Y cells against mechanical stretch injury and promoting cell survival. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:57. [PMID: 28784087 PMCID: PMC5547510 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesamin is a well-known antioxidant extracted from sesame seeds that exhibits various curative effects. The present study investigated whether sesamin would protect neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against mechanical stretch injury-induced increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying these actives were investigated. Following exposure to mechanical stretch injury, cells were incubated for further investigations. Lactate dehydrogenase and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were used to assess cell viability, and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and flow cytometric analysis were performed to evaluate changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Furthermore, intracellular levels of ROS production were measured by 20, 70-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining, the mRNA levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, and the determinations had also been made on related proteins by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Exposure to mechanical stretch injury significantly decreased cell viability but this decrease was attenuated by pretreatment with sesamin (50 μM). Sesamin also significantly inhibited mechanical stretch injury-induced increases in intracellular ROS production, attenuated declines in ΔΨm, diminished the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins, and decreased cell apoptosis. Stretch injury increased Bax and cleaved caspase 3 levels, enhanced the gene expression of MMP-9, increased the phosphorylation levels of Akt, p38, and JNK and decreased Bcl-2 levels in the cells. However, pretreatment with sesamin reduced the mechanical stretch injury-induced overexpression of MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS Sesamin protected SH-SY5Y cells against stretch injury by attenuating increases in ROS levels and suppressing apoptosis. Accordingly, sesamin seems to be a potentially therapeutic agent in the treatment of traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yi Shan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yingliang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yi Shan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Dianxu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yi Shan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yi Shan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yi Shan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yi Shan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hengli Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yi Shan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Tang S, Xu S, Fourney WL, Leiste UH, Proctor JL, Fiskum G, Gullapalli RP. Central Nervous System Changes Induced by Underbody Blast-Induced Hyperacceleration: An in Vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:1972-1980. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Tang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
- Core for Translational Research in Imaging at Maryland, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
- Core for Translational Research in Imaging at Maryland, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William L. Fourney
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Center of Energetics Concepts Development, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Ulrich H. Leiste
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Center of Energetics Concepts Development, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Julie L. Proctor
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
- Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary Fiskum
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
- Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rao P. Gullapalli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
- Core for Translational Research in Imaging at Maryland, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Protection against Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury by Increase in Brain Volume. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2075463. [PMID: 28553646 PMCID: PMC5434276 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2075463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a leading cause of injuries in recent military conflicts and it is responsible for an increased number of civilian casualties by terrorist attacks. bTBI includes a variety of neuropathological changes depending on the intensity of blast overpressure (BOP) such as brain edema, neuronal degeneration, diffuse axonal damage, and vascular dysfunction with neurological manifestations of psychological and cognitive abnormalities. Internal jugular vein (IJV) compression is known to reduce intracranial compliance by causing an increase in brain volume and was shown to reduce brain damage during closed impact-induced TBI. We investigated whether IJV compression can attenuate signs of TBI in rats after exposure to BOP. Animals were exposed to three 110 ± 5 kPa BOPs separated by 30 min intervals. Exposure to BOP resulted in a significant decrease of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) together with upregulation of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), and endothelin 1 receptor A (ETRA) expression in frontal cortex and hippocampus one day following exposures. IJV compression attenuated this BOP-induced increase in 3-NT in cortex and ameliorated the upregulation of AQP-4 in hippocampus. These results suggest that elevated intracranial pressure and intracerebral volume have neuroprotective potential in blast-induced TBI.
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Miller AP, Shah AS, Aperi BV, Kurpad SN, Stemper BD, Glavaski-Joksimovic A. Acute death of astrocytes in blast-exposed rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173167. [PMID: 28264063 PMCID: PMC5338800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) affects civilians, soldiers, and veterans worldwide and presents significant health concerns. The mechanisms of neurodegeneration following bTBI remain elusive and current therapies are largely ineffective. It is important to better characterize blast-evoked cellular changes and underlying mechanisms in order to develop more effective therapies. In the present study, our group utilized rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHCs) as an in vitro system to model bTBI. OHCs were exposed to either 138 ± 22 kPa (low) or 273 ± 23 kPa (high) overpressures using an open-ended helium-driven shock tube, or were assigned to sham control group. At 2 hours (h) following injury, we have characterized the astrocytic response to a blast overpressure. Immunostaining against the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) revealed acute shearing and morphological changes in astrocytes, including clasmatodendrosis. Moreover, overlap of GFAP immunostaining and propidium iodide (PI) indicated astrocytic death. Quantification of the number of dead astrocytes per counting area in the hippocampal cornu Ammonis 1 region (CA1), demonstrated a significant increase in dead astrocytes in the low- and high-blast, compared to sham control OHCs. However only a small number of GFAP-expressing astrocytes were co-labeled with the apoptotic marker Annexin V, suggesting necrosis as the primary type of cell death in the acute phase following blast exposure. Moreover, western blot analyses revealed calpain mediated breakdown of GFAP. The dextran exclusion additionally indicated membrane disruption as a potential mechanism of acute astrocytic death. Furthermore, although blast exposure did not evoke significant changes in glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) expression, loss of GLT-1-expressing astrocytes suggests dysregulation of glutamate uptake following injury. Our data illustrate the profound effect of blast overpressure on astrocytes in OHCs at 2 h following injury and suggest increased calpain activity and membrane disruption as potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alok S. Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brandy V. Aperi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shekar N. Kurpad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Stemper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Glavaski-Joksimovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Kawoos U, Gu M, Lankasky J, McCarron RM, Chavko M. Effects of Exposure to Blast Overpressure on Intracranial Pressure and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in a Rat Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167510. [PMID: 27907158 PMCID: PMC5132256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to blast overpressure (BOP) activates a cascade of pathological processes including changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability resulting in traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study the effect of single and multiple exposures at two intensities of BOP on changes in ICP and BBB permeability in Sprague-Dawley rats was evaluated. Animals were exposed to a single or three repetitive (separated by 0.5 h) BOPs at 72 kPa or 110 kPa. ICP was monitored continuously via telemetry for 6 days after exposure to BOP. The alteration in the permeability of BBB was determined by extravasation of Evans Blue (EB) into brain parenchyma. A significant increase in ICP was observed in all groups except the single 72 kPa BOP group. At the same time a marked increase in BBB permeability was also seen in various parts of the brain. The extent of ICP increase as well as BBB permeability change was dependent on intensity and frequency of blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usmah Kawoos
- Department of Neurotrauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Ming Gu
- Department of Neurotrauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Jason Lankasky
- Department of Neurotrauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard M McCarron
- Department of Neurotrauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mikulas Chavko
- Department of Neurotrauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
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Chen C, Zhou C, Cavanaugh JM, Kallakuri S, Desai A, Zhang L, King AI. Quantitative electroencephalography in a swine model of blast-induced brain injury. Brain Inj 2016; 31:120-126. [PMID: 27830938 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1216603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to examine brain activity abnormalities earlier after blast exposure using a swine model to develop a qEEG data analysis protocol. METHODS Anaesthetized swine were exposed to 420-450 Kpa blast overpressure and survived for 3 days after blast. EEG recordings were performed at 15 minutes before the blast and 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 2 hours and 1, 2 and 3 days post-blast using surface recording electrodes and a Biopac 4-channel data acquisition system. Off-line quantitative EEG (qEEG) data analysis was performed to determine qEEG changes. RESULTS Blast induced qEEG changes earlier after blast exposure, including a decrease of mean amplitude (MAMP), an increase of delta band power, a decrease of alpha band root mean square (RMS) and a decrease of 90% spectral edge frequency (SEF90). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that qEEG is sensitive for cerebral injury. The changes of qEEG earlier after the blast indicate the potential of utilization of multiple parameters of qEEG for diagnosis of blast-induced brain injury. Early detection of blast induced brain injury will allow early screening and assessment of brain abnormalities in soldiers to enable timely therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Chen
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Chengpeng Zhou
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - John M Cavanaugh
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Srinivasu Kallakuri
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Alok Desai
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Liying Zhang
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Albert I King
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
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Bahrami N, Sharma D, Rosenthal S, Davenport EM, Urban JE, Wagner B, Jung Y, Vaughan CG, Gioia GA, Stitzel JD, Whitlow CT, Maldjian JA. Subconcussive Head Impact Exposure and White Matter Tract Changes over a Single Season of Youth Football. Radiology 2016; 281:919-926. [PMID: 27775478 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016160564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To examine the effects of subconcussive impacts resulting from a single season of youth (age range, 8-13 years) football on changes in specific white matter (WM) tracts as detected with diffusion-tensor imaging in the absence of clinically diagnosed concussions. Materials and Methods Head impact data were recorded by using the Head Impact Telemetry system and quantified as the combined-probability risk-weighted cumulative exposure (RWECP). Twenty-five male participants were evaluated for seasonal fractional anisotropy (FA) changes in specific WM tracts: the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Fiber tracts were segmented into a central core and two fiber terminals. The relationship between seasonal FA change in the whole fiber, central core, and the fiber terminals with RWECP was also investigated. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between RWECP and change in fiber tract FA during the season. Results There were statistically significant linear relationships between RWEcp and decreased FA in the whole (R2 = 0.433; P = .003), core (R2 = 0.3649; P = .007), and terminals (R2 = 0.5666; P < .001) of left IFOF. A trend toward statistical significance (P = .08) in right SLF was observed. A statistically significant correlation between decrease in FA of the right SLF terminal and RWECP was also observed (R2 = 0.2893; P = .028). Conclusion This study found a statistically significant relationship between head impact exposure and change of FA fractional anisotropy value of whole, core, and terminals of left IFOF and right SLF's terminals where WM and gray matter intersect, in the absence of a clinically diagnosed concussion. © RSNA, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Bahrami
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory (N.B., D.S., E.M.D., Y.J., C.T.W., J.A.M.), Wake Forest School of Medicine (S.R.), Department of Radiology-Neuroradiology (Y.J., C.T.W.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Department of Family and Community Medicine (C.T.W.), Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.W.), Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology (C.G.V., G.A.G.), Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Rockville, Md; Childress Institute for Pediatric Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.D.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (E.M.D., B.W., J.A.M.)
| | - Dev Sharma
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory (N.B., D.S., E.M.D., Y.J., C.T.W., J.A.M.), Wake Forest School of Medicine (S.R.), Department of Radiology-Neuroradiology (Y.J., C.T.W.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Department of Family and Community Medicine (C.T.W.), Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.W.), Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology (C.G.V., G.A.G.), Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Rockville, Md; Childress Institute for Pediatric Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.D.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (E.M.D., B.W., J.A.M.)
| | - Scott Rosenthal
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory (N.B., D.S., E.M.D., Y.J., C.T.W., J.A.M.), Wake Forest School of Medicine (S.R.), Department of Radiology-Neuroradiology (Y.J., C.T.W.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Department of Family and Community Medicine (C.T.W.), Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.W.), Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology (C.G.V., G.A.G.), Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Rockville, Md; Childress Institute for Pediatric Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.D.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (E.M.D., B.W., J.A.M.)
| | - Elizabeth M Davenport
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory (N.B., D.S., E.M.D., Y.J., C.T.W., J.A.M.), Wake Forest School of Medicine (S.R.), Department of Radiology-Neuroradiology (Y.J., C.T.W.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Department of Family and Community Medicine (C.T.W.), Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.W.), Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology (C.G.V., G.A.G.), Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Rockville, Md; Childress Institute for Pediatric Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.D.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (E.M.D., B.W., J.A.M.)
| | - Jillian E Urban
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory (N.B., D.S., E.M.D., Y.J., C.T.W., J.A.M.), Wake Forest School of Medicine (S.R.), Department of Radiology-Neuroradiology (Y.J., C.T.W.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Department of Family and Community Medicine (C.T.W.), Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.W.), Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology (C.G.V., G.A.G.), Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Rockville, Md; Childress Institute for Pediatric Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.D.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (E.M.D., B.W., J.A.M.)
| | - Benjamin Wagner
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory (N.B., D.S., E.M.D., Y.J., C.T.W., J.A.M.), Wake Forest School of Medicine (S.R.), Department of Radiology-Neuroradiology (Y.J., C.T.W.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Department of Family and Community Medicine (C.T.W.), Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.W.), Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology (C.G.V., G.A.G.), Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Rockville, Md; Childress Institute for Pediatric Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.D.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (E.M.D., B.W., J.A.M.)
| | - Youngkyoo Jung
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory (N.B., D.S., E.M.D., Y.J., C.T.W., J.A.M.), Wake Forest School of Medicine (S.R.), Department of Radiology-Neuroradiology (Y.J., C.T.W.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Department of Family and Community Medicine (C.T.W.), Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.W.), Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology (C.G.V., G.A.G.), Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Rockville, Md; Childress Institute for Pediatric Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.D.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (E.M.D., B.W., J.A.M.)
| | - Christopher G Vaughan
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory (N.B., D.S., E.M.D., Y.J., C.T.W., J.A.M.), Wake Forest School of Medicine (S.R.), Department of Radiology-Neuroradiology (Y.J., C.T.W.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Department of Family and Community Medicine (C.T.W.), Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.W.), Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology (C.G.V., G.A.G.), Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Rockville, Md; Childress Institute for Pediatric Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.D.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (E.M.D., B.W., J.A.M.)
| | - Gerard A Gioia
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory (N.B., D.S., E.M.D., Y.J., C.T.W., J.A.M.), Wake Forest School of Medicine (S.R.), Department of Radiology-Neuroradiology (Y.J., C.T.W.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Department of Family and Community Medicine (C.T.W.), Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.W.), Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology (C.G.V., G.A.G.), Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Rockville, Md; Childress Institute for Pediatric Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.D.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (E.M.D., B.W., J.A.M.)
| | - Joel D Stitzel
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory (N.B., D.S., E.M.D., Y.J., C.T.W., J.A.M.), Wake Forest School of Medicine (S.R.), Department of Radiology-Neuroradiology (Y.J., C.T.W.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Department of Family and Community Medicine (C.T.W.), Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.W.), Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology (C.G.V., G.A.G.), Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Rockville, Md; Childress Institute for Pediatric Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.D.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (E.M.D., B.W., J.A.M.)
| | - Christopher T Whitlow
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory (N.B., D.S., E.M.D., Y.J., C.T.W., J.A.M.), Wake Forest School of Medicine (S.R.), Department of Radiology-Neuroradiology (Y.J., C.T.W.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Department of Family and Community Medicine (C.T.W.), Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.W.), Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology (C.G.V., G.A.G.), Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Rockville, Md; Childress Institute for Pediatric Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.D.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (E.M.D., B.W., J.A.M.)
| | - Joseph A Maldjian
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory (N.B., D.S., E.M.D., Y.J., C.T.W., J.A.M.), Wake Forest School of Medicine (S.R.), Department of Radiology-Neuroradiology (Y.J., C.T.W.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Department of Family and Community Medicine (C.T.W.), Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.W.), Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering (N.B., J.E.U., Y.J., J.D.S., C.T.W.), Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology (C.G.V., G.A.G.), Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Rockville, Md; Childress Institute for Pediatric Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.D.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (E.M.D., B.W., J.A.M.)
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Beamer M, Tummala SR, Gullotti D, Kopil C, Gorka S, Bass CRD, Morrison B, Cohen AS, Meaney DF. Primary blast injury causes cognitive impairments and hippocampal circuit alterations. Exp Neurol 2016. [PMID: 27246999 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) and its long term consequences are a major health concern among veterans. Despite recent work enhancing our knowledge about bTBI, very little is known about the contribution of the blast wave alone to the observed sequelae. Herein, we isolated its contribution in a mouse model by constraining the animals' heads during exposure to a shockwave (primary blast). Our results show that exposure to primary blast alone results in changes in hippocampus-dependent behaviors that correspond with electrophysiological changes in area CA1 and are accompanied by reactive gliosis. Specifically, five days after exposure, behavior in an open field and performance in a spatial object recognition (SOR) task were significantly different from sham. Network electrophysiology, also performed five days after injury, demonstrated a significant decrease in excitability and increase in inhibitory tone. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP and Iba1 performed ten days after injury showed a significant increase in staining. Interestingly, a threefold increase in the impulse of the primary blast wave did not exacerbate these measures. However, we observed a significant reduction in the contribution of the NMDA receptors to the field EPSP at the highest blast exposure level. Our results emphasize the need to account for the effects of primary blast loading when studying the sequelae of bTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Beamer
- Department of Bioengineering(1), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shanti R Tummala
- Department of Bioengineering(1), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Gullotti
- Department of Bioengineering(1), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine Kopil
- Department of Bioengineering(1), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Gorka
- Department of Bioengineering(1), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Barclay Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akiva S Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David F Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering(1), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Beamer M, Tummala SR, Gullotti D, Kopil C, Gorka S, Bass CRD, Morrison B, Cohen AS, Meaney DF. Primary blast injury causes cognitive impairments and hippocampal circuit alterations. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:16-28. [PMID: 27246999 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) and its long term consequences are a major health concern among veterans. Despite recent work enhancing our knowledge about bTBI, very little is known about the contribution of the blast wave alone to the observed sequelae. Herein, we isolated its contribution in a mouse model by constraining the animals' heads during exposure to a shockwave (primary blast). Our results show that exposure to primary blast alone results in changes in hippocampus-dependent behaviors that correspond with electrophysiological changes in area CA1 and are accompanied by reactive gliosis. Specifically, five days after exposure, behavior in an open field and performance in a spatial object recognition (SOR) task were significantly different from sham. Network electrophysiology, also performed five days after injury, demonstrated a significant decrease in excitability and increase in inhibitory tone. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP and Iba1 performed ten days after injury showed a significant increase in staining. Interestingly, a threefold increase in the impulse of the primary blast wave did not exacerbate these measures. However, we observed a significant reduction in the contribution of the NMDA receptors to the field EPSP at the highest blast exposure level. Our results emphasize the need to account for the effects of primary blast loading when studying the sequelae of bTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Beamer
- Department of Bioengineering(1), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shanti R Tummala
- Department of Bioengineering(1), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Gullotti
- Department of Bioengineering(1), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine Kopil
- Department of Bioengineering(1), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Gorka
- Department of Bioengineering(1), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Barclay Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akiva S Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David F Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering(1), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Niehl A, Appaix F, Boscá S, van der Sanden B, Nicoud JF, Bolze F, Heinlein M. Fluorescent Tobacco mosaic virus-Derived Bio-Nanoparticles for Intravital Two-Photon Imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1244. [PMID: 26793221 PMCID: PMC4710741 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multi-photon intravital imaging has become a powerful tool to investigate the healthy and diseased brain vasculature in living animals. Although agents for multi-photon fluorescence microscopy of the microvasculature are available, issues related to stability, bioavailability, toxicity, cost or chemical adaptability remain to be solved. In particular, there is a need for highly fluorescent dyes linked to particles that do not cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) in brain diseases like tumor or stroke to estimate the functional blood supply. Plant virus particles possess a number of distinct advantages over other particles, the most important being the multi-valency of chemically addressable sites on the particle surface. This multi-valency, together with biological compatibility and inert nature, makes plant viruses ideal carriers for in vivo imaging agents. Here, we show that the well-known Tobacco mosaic virus is a suitable nanocarrier for two-photon dyes and for intravital imaging of the mouse brain vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Niehl
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP-UPR2357), Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueStrasbourg, France
| | - Florence Appaix
- Two-Photon Microscopy Platform, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U836, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Sonia Boscá
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP-UPR2357), Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueStrasbourg, France
| | | | - Jean-François Nicoud
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France
| | - Manfred Heinlein
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP-UPR2357), Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueStrasbourg, France
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