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Powers SK, Radak Z, Ji LL, Jackson M. Reactive oxygen species promote endurance exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscles. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:780-792. [PMID: 38719184 PMCID: PMC11336304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The discovery that contracting skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) was first reported over 40 years ago. The prevailing view in the 1980s was that exercise-induced ROS production promotes oxidation of proteins and lipids resulting in muscle damage. However, a paradigm shift occurred in the 1990s as growing research revealed that ROS are signaling molecules, capable of activating transcriptional activators/coactivators and promoting exercise-induced muscle adaptation. Growing evidence supports the notion that reduction-oxidation (redox) signaling pathways play an important role in the muscle remodeling that occurs in response to endurance exercise training. This review examines the specific role that redox signaling plays in this endurance exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation. We begin with a discussion of the primary sites of ROS production in contracting muscle fibers followed by a summary of the antioxidant enzymes involved in the regulation of ROS levels in the cell. We then discuss which redox-sensitive signaling pathways promote endurance exercise-induced muscle adaptation and debate the strength of the evidence supporting the notion that redox signaling plays an essential role in muscle adaptation to endurance exercise training. In hopes of stimulating future research, we highlight several important unanswered questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest 1123, Hungary
| | - Li Li Ji
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Malcolm Jackson
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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2
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Meneses-Valdés R, Gallero S, Henríquez-Olguín C, Jensen TE. Exploring NADPH oxidases 2 and 4 in cardiac and skeletal muscle adaptations - A cross-tissue comparison. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:296-305. [PMID: 39069268 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Striated muscle cells, encompassing cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle fibers, are fundamental to athletic performance, facilitating blood circulation and coordinated movement through contraction. Despite their distinct functional roles, these muscle types exhibit similarities in cytoarchitecture, protein expression, and excitation-contraction coupling. Both muscle types also undergo molecular remodeling in energy metabolism and cell size in response to acute and repeated exercise stimuli to enhance exercise performance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms 2 and 4 have emerged as signaling molecules that regulate exercise adaptations. This review systematically compares NOX2 and NOX4 expression, regulation, and roles in cardiac and skeletal muscle responses across exercise modalities. We highlight the many gaps in our knowledge and opportunities to let future skeletal muscle research into NOX-dependent mechanisms be inspired by cardiac muscle studies and vice versa. Understanding these processes could enhance the development of exercise routines to optimize human performance and health strategies that capitalize on the advantages of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Meneses-Valdés
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Samantha Gallero
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
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3
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Feng J, Wan J, Guo P, Sun Y, Chen F, Chen Y, Sun Q, Zhang W, Liu X. A non-antibiotic erythromycin derivative improves muscle endurance by regulating endogenous anti-fatigue protein orosomucoid in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13873. [PMID: 38815994 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
At present, there are no official approved drugs for improving muscle endurance. Our previous research found acute phase protein orosomucoid (ORM) is an endogenous anti-fatigue protein, and macrolides antibiotics erythromycin can elevate ORM level to increase muscle bioenergetics and endurance parameters. Here, we further designed, synthesized and screened a new erythromycin derivative named HMS-01, which lost its antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo. Data showed that HMS-01 could time- and dose-dependently prolong mice forced-swimming time and running time, and improve fatigue index in isolated soleus muscle. Moreover, HMS-01 treatment could increase the glycogen content, mitochondria number and function in liver and skeletal muscle, as well as ORM level in these tissues and sera. In Orm-deficient mice, the anti-fatigue and glycogen-elevation activity of HMS-01 disappeared. Therefore, HMS-01 might act as a promising small molecule drug targeting ORM to enhance muscle endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyue Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyan Sun
- China Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Nichenko AS, Specht KS, Craige SM, Drake JC. Sensing local energetics to acutely regulate mitophagy in skeletal muscle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:987317. [PMID: 36105350 PMCID: PMC9465048 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.987317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The energetic requirements of skeletal muscle to sustain movement, as during exercise, is met largely by mitochondria, which form an intricate, interconnected reticulum. Maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial reticulum is essential for skeletal muscle function, suggesting quality control pathways are spatially governed. Mitophagy, the process by which damaged and/or dysfunctional regions of the mitochondrial reticulum are removed and degraded, has emerged as an integral part of the molecular response to exercise. Upregulation of mitophagy in response to acute exercise is directly connected to energetic sensing mechanisms through AMPK. In this review, we discuss the connection of mitophagy to muscle energetics and how AMPK may spatially control mitophagy through multiple potential means.
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Bouviere J, Fortunato RS, Dupuy C, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Carvalho DP, Louzada RA. Exercise-Stimulated ROS Sensitive Signaling Pathways in Skeletal Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040537. [PMID: 33808211 PMCID: PMC8066165 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents a major challenge to whole-body homeostasis, provoking acute and adaptative responses at the cellular and systemic levels. Different sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been described in skeletal muscle (e.g., NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, and mitochondria) and are closely related to the physiological changes induced by physical exercise through the modulation of several signaling pathways. Many signaling pathways that are regulated by exercise-induced ROS generation, such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear respiratory factor2 (NRF2), and PGC-1α are involved in skeletal muscle responses to physical exercise, such as increased glucose uptake, mitochondriogenesis, and hypertrophy, among others. Most of these adaptations are blunted by antioxidants, revealing the crucial role played by ROS during and after physical exercise. When ROS generation is either insufficient or exacerbated, ROS-mediated signaling is disrupted, as well as physical exercise adaptations. Thus, an understanding the limit between "ROS that can promote beneficial effects" and "ROS that can promote harmful effects" is a challenging question in exercise biology. The identification of new mediators that cause reductive stress and thereby disrupt exercise-stimulated ROS signaling is a trending on this topic and are covered in this current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bouviere
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.); (R.S.F.); (D.P.C.)
| | - Rodrigo S. Fortunato
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.); (R.S.F.); (D.P.C.)
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9019CNRS, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Joao Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Denise P. Carvalho
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.); (R.S.F.); (D.P.C.)
| | - Ruy A. Louzada
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.); (R.S.F.); (D.P.C.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9019CNRS, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France;
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Specht KS, Kant S, Addington AK, McMillan RP, Hulver MW, Learnard H, Campbell M, Donnelly SR, Caliz AD, Pei Y, Reif MM, Bond JM, DeMarco A, Craige B, Keaney JF, Craige SM. Nox4 mediates skeletal muscle metabolic responses to exercise. Mol Metab 2021; 45:101160. [PMID: 33400973 PMCID: PMC7856463 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immediate signals that couple exercise to metabolic adaptations are incompletely understood. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4) produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plays a significant role in metabolic and vascular adaptation during stress conditions. Our objective was to determine the role of Nox4 in exercise-induced skeletal muscle metabolism. METHODS Mice were subjected to acute exercise to assess their immediate responses. mRNA and protein expression responses to Nox4 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured by qPCR and immunoblotting. Functional metabolic flux was measured via ex vivo fatty acid and glucose oxidation assays using 14C-labeled palmitate and glucose, respectively. A chronic exercise regimen was also utilized and the time to exhaustion along with key markers of exercise adaptation (skeletal muscle citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-coA-dehydrogenase activity) were measured. Endothelial-specific Nox4-deficient mice were then subjected to the same acute exercise regimen and their subsequent substrate oxidation was measured. RESULTS We identified key exercise-responsive metabolic genes that depend on H2O2 and Nox4 using catalase and Nox4-deficient mice. Nox4 was required for the expression of uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp3), hexokinase 2 (Hk2), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4), but not the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc-1α). Global Nox4 deletion resulted in decreased UCP3 protein expression and impaired glucose and fatty acid oxidization in response to acute exercise. Furthermore, Nox4-deficient mice demonstrated impaired adaptation to chronic exercise as measured by the time to exhaustion and activity of skeletal muscle citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-coA-dehydrogenase. Importantly, mice deficient in endothelial-Nox4 similarly demonstrated attenuated glucose and fatty acid oxidation following acute exercise. CONCLUSIONS We report that H2O2 and Nox4 promote immediate responses to exercise in skeletal muscle. Glucose and fatty acid oxidation were blunted in the Nox4-deficient mice post-exercise, potentially through regulation of UCP3 expression. Our data demonstrate that endothelial-Nox4 is required for glucose and fatty acid oxidation, suggesting inter-tissue cross-talk between the endothelium and skeletal muscle in response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyn S Specht
- Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Shashi Kant
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adele K Addington
- Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ryan P McMillan
- Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Metabolism Core, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Matthew W Hulver
- Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Heather Learnard
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Maura Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Sarah R Donnelly
- Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Amada D Caliz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yongmei Pei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Michaella M Reif
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Jacob M Bond
- Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Anthony DeMarco
- Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Branch Craige
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - John F Keaney
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Siobhan M Craige
- Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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7
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Erythromycin has therapeutic efficacy on muscle fatigue acting specifically on orosomucoid to increase muscle bioenergetics and physiological parameters of endurance. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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9
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Qi J, Luo X, Ma Z, Zhang B, Li S, Duan X, Yang B, Zhang J. Swimming Exercise Protects against Insulin Resistance via Regulating Oxidative Stress through Nox4 and AKT Signaling in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:2521590. [PMID: 32051831 PMCID: PMC6995488 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2521590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonpharmaceutical therapies such as exercise training and diet intervention are widely used for the treatment of insulin resistance (IR). Although the skeletal muscle is the major peripheral tissue of glucose metabolism under insulin stimulation, the mechanism underlying muscle IR is poorly understood. Using a high-fat diet-induced IR mouse model, we here show that NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) upregulation mediates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that causes metabolic syndrome featuring IR. The Nox4 expression level was markedly elevated in IR mice, and Nox4 overexpression was sufficient to trigger IR. Conversely, downregulation of Nox4 expression through exercise training prevented diet-induced IR by reducing the production of ROS and enhancing the AKT signaling pathway. Thus, this study indicates that exercise might improve IR through a reduction of Nox4-induced ROS in the skeletal muscle and enhancement of AKT signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Medical College of Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhichao Ma
- The School of Physical Education, Wuhan Business University, Hubei 430056, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xuyang Duan
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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Henríquez-Olguín C, Boronat S, Cabello-Verrugio C, Jaimovich E, Hidalgo E, Jensen TE. The Emerging Roles of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 2 in Skeletal Muscle Redox Signaling and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1371-1410. [PMID: 31588777 PMCID: PMC6859696 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Skeletal muscle is a crucial tissue to whole-body locomotion and metabolic health. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as intracellular messengers participating in both physiological and pathological adaptations in skeletal muscle. A complex interplay between ROS-producing enzymes and antioxidant networks exists in different subcellular compartments of mature skeletal muscle. Recent evidence suggests that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a major source of contraction- and insulin-stimulated oxidants production, but they may paradoxically also contribute to muscle insulin resistance and atrophy. Recent Advances: Pharmacological and molecular biological tools, including redox-sensitive probes and transgenic mouse models, have generated novel insights into compartmentalized redox signaling and suggested that NOX2 contributes to redox control of skeletal muscle metabolism. Critical Issues: Major outstanding questions in skeletal muscle include where NOX2 activation occurs under different conditions in health and disease, how NOX2 activation is regulated, how superoxide/hydrogen peroxide generated by NOX2 reaches the cytosol, what the signaling mediators are downstream of NOX2, and the role of NOX2 for different physiological and pathophysiological processes. Future Directions: Future research should utilize and expand the current redox-signaling toolbox to clarify the NOX2-dependent mechanisms in skeletal muscle and determine whether the proposed functions of NOX2 in cells and animal models are conserved into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Brendel H, Shahid A, Hofmann A, Mittag J, Bornstein SR, Morawietz H, Brunssen C. NADPH oxidase 4 mediates the protective effects of physical activity against obesity-induced vascular dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 116:1767-1778. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Physical activity is one of the most potent strategies to prevent endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests vaso-protective properties of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by main endothelial NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (Nox4) in the vasculature. Therefore, we hypothesized that Nox4 connects physical activity with vaso-protective effects.
Methods and results
Analysis of the endothelial function using Mulvany Myograph showed endothelial dysfunction in wild-type (WT) as well as in C57BL/6J/ Nox4−/− (Nox4−/−) mice after 20 weeks on high-fat diet (HFD). Access to running wheels during the HFD prevented endothelial dysfunction in WT but not in Nox4−/− mice. Mechanistically, exercise led to an increased H2O2 release in the aorta of WT mice with increased phosphorylation of eNOS pathway member AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1). Both H2O2 release and phosphorylation of AKT1 were diminished in aortas of Nox4−/− mice. Deletion of Nox4 also resulted in lower intracellular calcium release proven by reduced phenylephrine-mediated contraction, whilst potassium-induced contraction was not affected. H2O2 scavenger catalase reduced phenylephrine-induced contraction in WT mice. Supplementing H2O2 increased phenylephrine-induced contraction in Nox4−/− mice. Exercise-induced peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (Ppargc1a), as key regulator of mitochondria biogenesis in WT but not Nox4−/− mice. Furthermore, exercise-induced citrate synthase activity and mitochondria mass were reduced in the absence of Nox4. Thus, Nox4−/− mice became less active and ran less compared with WT mice.
Conclusions
Nox4 derived H2O2 plays a key role in exercise-induced adaptations of eNOS and Ppargc1a pathway and intracellular calcium release. Hence, loss of Nox4 diminished physical activity performance and vascular protective effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Brendel
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Amna Shahid
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jennifer Mittag
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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12
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NADPH Oxidase 4 Contributes to Myoblast Fusion and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3585390. [PMID: 31827673 PMCID: PMC6885834 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3585390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is an essential step in skeletal muscle development and regeneration. NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) regulates cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Insulin-like growth factor 1 induces muscle hypertrophy via Nox4, but its function in myoblast fusion remains elusive. Here, we report a ROS-dependent role of Nox4 in myoblast differentiation. Regenerating muscle fibers after injury by cardiotoxin had a lower cross-sectional area in Nox4-knockout (KO) mice than myofibers in wild-type (WT) mice. Diameters and fusion index values of myotubes differentiated from Nox4-KO primary myoblasts were significantly lower than those of myotubes derived from WT myoblasts. However, no difference was observed in the differentiation index and expression of MyoD, myogenin, and myosin heavy chain 3 (MHC) between KO and WT myotubes. The decreased fusion index was also observed during differentiation of primary myoblasts and C2C12 cells with suppressed Nox4 expression. In contrast, in C2C12 cells overexpressing Nox4, the fusion index was increased, whereas the differentiation index and MHC and myogenin protein expression were not affected compared to control. Interestingly, the expression of myomaker (Tmem8c), a fusogenic protein that controls myoblast fusion, was reduced in Nox4-knockdown C2C12 cells. The myomaker expression level was proportional to the cellular ROS level, which was regulated by of Nox4 expression level. These results suggests that Nox4 contributes to myoblast fusion, possibly through the regulation of myomaker expression via ROS production, and that Nox4-dependent ROS may promote skeletal muscle regeneration and growth.
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13
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Schröder K. NADPH oxidases in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:67-72. [PMID: 30189265 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a tissue with constant remodeling, where osteoblasts form and osteoclasts degrade bone. Both cell types are highly specialized in their function and both form from precursors and have to be replaced on a regular basis. This replacement represents one control level of bone homeostasis. The second important level would be the control of the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in order to keep the balance of bone -formation and -degradation. Both differentiation and control of cellular function are potentially redox sensitive processes. In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are utilized by a wide range of cells for differentiation and control of cellular signaling and function. A major source of ROS is the family of NADPH oxidases. The sole function of those enzymes is the formation of ROS in a controlled and targeted manner. Importantly the members of the NADPH oxidase family differ in their localization and in the type and amount of ROS produced. Accordingly the impact of the members of the NADPH oxidase family on differentiation and function differs between cell types. This review will highlight the function of different NADPH oxidases in differentiation and function of bone cells and thereby will discuss the role of NADPH oxidases in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Sun Y, Qin Z, Wan JJ, Wang PY, Yang YL, Yu JG, Hu BH, Su DF, Luo ZM, Liu X. Estrogen weakens muscle endurance via estrogen receptor-p38 MAPK-mediated orosomucoid (ORM) suppression. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e463. [PMID: 29869624 PMCID: PMC5898901 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender differences in fatigue manifest as females being more prone to feel exhaustion and having lower muscle endurance. However, the mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. We investigated whether orosomucoid, an endogenous anti-fatigue protein that enhances muscle endurance, is involved in this regulation. Female rats exhibited lower muscle endurance, and this gender difference disappeared in orosomucoid-1-deficient mice. Female rats also exhibited weaker orosomucoid induction in serum, liver and muscle in response to fatigue compared with male rats. Ovariectomy elevated orosomucoid levels and increased swimming time, and estrogen replenishment reversed these effects. Exogenous estrogen treatment in male and female mice produced opposite effects. Estrogen decreased orosomucoid expression and its promoter activity in C2C12 muscle and Chang liver cells in vitro, and estrogen receptor or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase blockade abolished this effect. Therefore, estrogen negatively regulates orosomucoid expression that is responsible for the weaker muscle endurance in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Li Yang
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Center for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Han Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Min Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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15
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Eastwood MP, Joyeux L, Pranpanus S, Van der Merwe J, Verbeken E, De Vleeschauwer S, Gayan-Ramirez G, Deprest J. A growing animal model for neonatal repair of large diaphragmatic defects to evaluate patch function and outcome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174332. [PMID: 28358826 PMCID: PMC5373533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to develop a more representative model for neonatal congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair in a large animal model, by creating a large defect in a fast-growing pup, using functional pulmonary and diaphragmatic read outs. Background Grafts are increasingly used to repair congenital diaphragmatic hernia with the risk of local complications. Growing animal models have been used to test novel materials. Methods 6-week-old rabbits underwent fiberoptic intubation, left subcostal laparotomy and hemi-diaphragmatic excision (either nearly complete (n = 13) or 3*3cm (n = 9)) and primary closure (Gore-Tex patch). Survival was further increased by moving to laryngeal mask airway ventilation (n = 15). Sham operated animals were used as controls (n = 6). Survivors (90 days) underwent chest X-Ray (scoliosis), measurements of maximum transdiaphragmatic pressure and breathing pattern (tidal volume, Pdi). Rates of herniation, lung histology and right hemi-diaphragmatic fiber cross-sectional area was measured. Results Rabbits surviving 90 days doubled their weight. Only one (8%) with a complete defect survived to 90 days. In the 3*3cm defect group all survived to 48 hours, however seven (78%) died later (16–49 days) from respiratory failure secondary to tracheal stricture formation. Use of a laryngeal mask airway doubled 90-day survival, one pup displaying herniation (17%). Cobb angel measurements, breathing pattern, and lung histology were comparable to sham. Under exertion, sham animals increased their maximum transdiaphragmatic pressure 134% compared to a 71% increase in patched animals (p<0.05). Patched animals had a compensatory increase in their right hemi-diaphragmatic fiber cross-sectional area (p<0.0001). Conclusions A primarily patched 3*3cm defect in growing rabbits, under laryngeal mask airway ventilation, enables adequate survival with normal lung function and reduced maximum transdiaphragmatic pressure compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Patrice Eastwood
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Joyeux
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Savitree Pranpanus
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Johannes Van der Merwe
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Verbeken
- Department of Pathology, Group Biomedical Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jan Deprest
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Qin Z, Wan JJ, Sun Y, Wang PY, Su DF, Lei H, Liu X. ORM Promotes Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Accumulation via CCR5-Activated AMPK Pathway in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:302. [PMID: 27679573 PMCID: PMC5020064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We found previously that acute phase protein orosomucoid reacts to fatigue and activates C-C chemokine receptor type 5 to increase muscle glycogen storage and enhance muscle endurance (Lei et al., 2016). To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, we investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase, a critical fuel sensor in skeletal muscle, in C-C chemokine receptor type 5-mediated orosomucoid action. It was found orosomucoid increased skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase activation in a time- and dose- dependent manner, which was largely prevented by pharmacological blocking or knockout of C-C chemokine receptor type 5. Administration of orosomucoid also significantly increased the de-phosphorylation and activity of muscle glycogen synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme for glycogen synthesis. The effect was largely absent in mice deficient in C-C chemokine receptor type 5−/− or AMP-activated protein kinase α2−/−, the predominant isoform in skeletal muscle. Moreover, deletion of AMP-activated protein kinase α2 abolished the effect of orosomucoid on fatigue and muscle glycogen. These findings indicate that orosomucoid may promote glycogen storage and enhance muscle function through C-C chemokine receptor type 5-mdiated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which in turn activates glycogen synthase and increases muscle glycogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
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