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Wu T, Orschell CM. The delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE): characteristics, mechanisms, animal models, and promising medical countermeasures. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1066-1079. [PMID: 36862990 PMCID: PMC10330482 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2187479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Terrorist use of nuclear weapons and radiation accidents put the human population at risk for exposure to life-threatening levels of radiation. Victims of lethal radiation exposure face potentially lethal acute injury, while survivors of the acute phase are plagued with chronic debilitating multi-organ injuries for years after exposure. Developing effective medical countermeasures (MCM) for the treatment of radiation exposure is an urgent need that relies heavily on studies conducted in reliable and well-characterized animal models according to the FDA Animal Rule. Although relevant animal models have been developed in several species and four MCM for treatment of the acute radiation syndrome are now FDA-approved, animal models for the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) have only recently been developed, and there are no licensed MCM for DEARE. Herein, we provide a review of the DEARE including key characteristics of the DEARE gleaned from human data as well as animal, mechanisms common to multi-organ DEARE, small and large animal models used to study the DEARE, and promising new or repurposed MCM under development for alleviation of the DEARE. CONCLUSIONS Intensification of research efforts and support focused on better understanding of mechanisms and natural history of DEARE are urgently needed. Such knowledge provides the necessary first steps toward the design and development of MCM that effectively alleviate the life-debilitating consequences of the DEARE for the benefit of humankind worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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2
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Li JJ, Xu L, Wang CL, Niu JW, Zou X, Feng XQ, Lu RJ. Changes in patient peripheral blood cell microRNAs after total body irradiation during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:857. [PMID: 36110996 PMCID: PMC9469155 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiation exposure is a great threat to human health. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in radiation-induced biological effects. Here, we investigated plasma miRNA expression changes and differentially expressed miRNAs in radiotherapy patients exposed to cobalt-60 (60Co) gamma rays to provide an experimental basis for human plasma miRNAs as an estimation indicator for ionizing radiation injury. Methods Six patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) received continuous 5 gray (Gy) total body irradiation (TBI) twice. At 12 hours after irradiation, miRNA microarray was applied to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs, with some miRNAs confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Bioinformatic analysis was carried out to identify the relevant target genes and biological function of the differentially expressed miRNAs. Results After radiotherapy patients were exposed to 5 Gy gamma radiation, the expression of 9 plasma miRNAs was significantly upregulated, and the expression of 2 miRNAs was downregulated. After irradiation with 10 Gy gamma radiation, the blood plasma of radiotherapy patients contained 18 differentially expressed miRNAs, of which 17 were upregulated and 1 was downregulated (P<0.05). The expression of miR-4532, miR-4634, miR-4655-5p, miR-4763-3p, miR-4785, miR-6087, miR-6850-5p, and miR-6869-5p were significantly upregulated in both the 5-Gy and 10-Gy dose groups, showing a certain dose-response relationship. The RT-PCR results were consistent with the findings of high-throughput sequencing. In addition, the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in RNA transcription and DNA damage. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that these miRNAs participated in phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Ras, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and other signaling pathways. Conclusions The expression of differential plasma miRNAs of radiotherapy patients was associated with irradiation injury and showed a certain dose-effect relationship. These differentially coexpressed plasma miRNAs could be used as an early indicator for estimating radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Long Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wen Niu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Department of Stomatology, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rong-Jian Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Hamade DF, Espinal A, Yu J, Leibowitz BJ, Fisher R, Hou W, Shields D, van Pijkeren JP, Mukherjee A, Epperly MW, Vlad A, Coffman L, Wang H, Huq MS, Patel R, Huang J, Greenberger JS. Lactobacillus reuteri Releasing IL-22 (LR-IL-22) Facilitates Intestinal Radioprotection for Whole-Abdomen Irradiation (WAI) of Ovarian Cancer. Radiat Res 2022; 198:89-105. [PMID: 35446961 PMCID: PMC9278541 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00224.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration (gavage) of a second-generation probiotic, Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), that releases interleukin-22 (LR-IL-22) at 24 h after total-body irradiation (TBI) mitigates damage to the intestine. We determined that LR-IL-22 also mitigates partial-body irradiation (PBI) and whole-abdomen irradiation (WAI). Irradiation can be an effective treatment for ovarian cancer, but its use is limited by intestinal toxicity. Strategies to mitigate toxicity are important and can revitalize this modality to treat ovarian cancer. In the present studies, we evaluated whether LR-IL-22 facilitates fractionated WAI in female C57BL/6 mice with disseminated ovarian cancer given a single fraction of either 15.75 Gy or 19.75 Gy or 4 daily fractions of 6 Gy or 6.5 Gy. Mice receiving single or multiple administrations of LR-IL-22 during WAI showed improved intestinal barrier integrity (P = 0.0167), reduced levels of radiation-induced intestinal cytokines including KC/CXCL1 (P = 0.002) and IFN-γ (P = 0.0024), and reduced levels of plasma, Eotaxin/CCL11 (P = 0.0088). LR-IL-22 significantly preserved the numbers of Lgr5+GFP+ intestinal stem cells (P = 0.0010) and improved survival (P < 0.0343). Female C57BL/6MUC-1 mice with widespread abdominal syngeneic 2F8cis ovarian cancer that received LR-IL-22 during 6.5 Gy WAI in 4 fractions had reduced tumor burden, less intestinal toxicity, and improved 30-day survival. Furthermore, LR-IL-22 facilitated WAI when added to Paclitaxel and Carboplatin chemotherapy and further increased survival. Oral administration (gavage) of LR-IL-22 is a potentially valuable intestinal radioprotector, which can facilitate therapeutic WAI for widespread intra-abdominal ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diala F. Hamade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Alexis Espinal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | | | - Renee Fisher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Donna Shields
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | | | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Michael W. Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Anda Vlad
- Department of OB/Gyn and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Lan Coffman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - M. Saiful Huq
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Ravi Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Jason Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
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4
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Maan K, Baghel R, Bakhshi R, Dhariwal S, Tyagi R, Rana P. An integrative chemometric approach and correlative metabolite networking of LC-MS and 1H NMR based urine metabolomics for radiation signatures. Mol Omics 2022; 18:214-225. [PMID: 34982087 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00399b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increasing threat of nuclear terrorism or radiological accident has made high throughput radiation biodosimetry a requisite for the immediate response for triage. Owing to detection of subtle alterations in biological pathways before the onset of clinical conditions, metabolomics has become an important tool for studying biomarkers and the related mechanisms for radiation induced damage. Here, we have attempted to combine two detection techniques, LC-MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy, to obtain a comprehensive metabolite profile of urine at 24 h following lethal (7.5 Gy) and sub-lethal (5 Gy) irradiation in mice. Integrated data analytics using multiblock-OPLSDA (MB-OPLSDA), correlation networking and pathway analysis was used to identify metabolic disturbances associated with radiation exposure. MB-OPLSDA revealed better clustering and separation of irradiated groups compared with controls without overfitting (p-value of CV-ANOVA: 1.5 × 10-3). Metabolites identified through MB-OPLSDA, namely, taurine, creatine, citrate and 2-oxoglutarate, were found to be dose independent markers and further support and validate our earlier findings as potential radiation injury biomarkers. Integrated analysis resulted in the enhanced coverage of metabolites and better correlation networking in energy, taurine, gut flora, L-carnitine and nucleotide metabolism observed post irradiation in urine. Our study thus emphasizes the major advantage of using the two detection techniques along with integrated analysis for better detection and comprehensive understanding of disturbed metabolites in biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Maan
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Baghel
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India.
| | - Radhika Bakhshi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seema Dhariwal
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India.
| | - Ritu Tyagi
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India.
| | - Poonam Rana
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India.
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Kozik A, Pavlova M, Petrov I, Bychkov V, Kim L, Dorozhko E, Cheng C, Rodriguez RD, Sheremet E. A review of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in pathological processes. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1187:338978. [PMID: 34753586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous growth of the human population and new challenges in the quality of life, it is more important than ever to diagnose diseases and pathologies with high accuracy, sensitivity and in different scenarios from medical implants to the operation room. Although conventional methods of diagnosis revolutionized healthcare, alternative analytical methods are making their way out of academic labs into clinics. In this regard, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) developed immensely with its capability to achieve single-molecule sensitivity and high-specificity in the last two decades, and now it is well on its way to join the arsenal of physicians. This review discusses how SERS is becoming an essential tool for the clinical investigation of pathologies including inflammation, infections, necrosis/apoptosis, hypoxia, and tumors. We critically discuss the strategies reported so far in nanoparticle assembly, functionalization, non-metallic substrates, colloidal solutions and how these techniques improve SERS characteristics during pathology diagnoses like sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limit. Moreover, it is crucial to introduce the most recent developments and future perspectives of SERS as a biomedical analytical method. We finally discuss the challenges that remain as bottlenecks for a routine SERS implementation in the medical room from in vitro to in vivo applications. The review showcases the adaptability and versatility of SERS to resolve pathological processes by covering various experimental and analytical methods and the specific spectral features and analysis results achieved by these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Kozik
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Siberian Medical State University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Marina Pavlova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Siberian Medical State University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Ilia Petrov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Bychkov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Larissa Kim
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Elena Dorozhko
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Raul D Rodriguez
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
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6
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Port M, Hérodin F, Drouet M, Valente M, Majewski M, Ostheim P, Lamkowski A, Schüle S, Forcheron F, Tichy A, Sirak I, Malkova A, Becker BV, Veit DA, Waldeck S, Badie C, O'Brien G, Christiansen H, Wichmann J, Beutel G, Davidkova M, Doucha-Senf S, Abend M. Gene Expression Changes in Irradiated Baboons: A Summary and Interpretation of a Decade of Findings. Radiat Res 2021; 195:501-521. [PMID: 33788952 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00217.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich Germany
| | - F Hérodin
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M Drouet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M Valente
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M Majewski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich Germany
| | - P Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich Germany
| | - A Lamkowski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich Germany
| | - S Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich Germany
| | - F Forcheron
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - A Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic and Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - I Sirak
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - A Malkova
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - B V Becker
- Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - D A Veit
- Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - S Waldeck
- Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - C Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health of England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - G O'Brien
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health of England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - H Christiansen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Wichmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Beutel
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Davidkova
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - S Doucha-Senf
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich Germany
| | - M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich Germany
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7
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Elkiki SM, Mansour HH, Anis LM, Gabr HM, Kamal MM. Evaluation of aromatase inhibitor on radiation induced pulmonary fibrosis via TGF- β/Smad 3 and TGF- β/PDGF pathways in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:538-545. [PMID: 34036875 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1934765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a known complication in cancer patients after getting thoracic radiotherapy. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) as anastrozole have been used instead of tamoxifen for adjuvant endocrine treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone sensitive breast cancer. This study is to evaluate the concurrent treatment of anastrozole and RIPF in rats. Twenty four female Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups: Control (C), Radiation group (R) (total dose 30 Gy in 10 fractions, 5 fractions/week), anastrozole group (A) (0.003 mg/200 g body weight) orally for 14 consecutive days, and Radiation + anastrozole group (R + A). Radiation exposure resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in pulmonary Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β), SMAD family member 3 (Smad3), Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), malondialdehyde (MDA), Total nitrate/nitrite (NO), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) compared to the control group. While, significant decreases (p < 0.05) in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were observed in lung tissue. These alterations were minimized by anastrozole intervention. Also, anastrozole markedly hindered the lung histopathological changes observed after radiation. Concomitant use of anastrozole with radiation seems to attenuate radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity via TGF-β/Smad 3 and TGF-β/PDGF pathways in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen M Elkiki
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba H Mansour
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna M Anis
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Gabr
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M Kamal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Chopra S, Moroni M, Martello S, Bylicky M, May J, Hritzo B, MacMillan L, Coleman CN, Aryankalayil MJ. Gene Expression Profiles from Heart, Lung and Liver Samples of Total-Body-Irradiated Minipigs: Implications for Predicting Radiation-Induced Tissue Toxicity. Radiat Res 2020; 194:411-430. [PMID: 32936898 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00123.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the event of a major accidental or intentional radiation exposure incident, the affected population could suffer from total- or partial-body exposures to ionizing radiation with acute exposure to organs that would produce life-threatening injury. Therefore, it is necessary to identify markers capable of predicting organ-specific damage so that appropriate directed or encompassing therapies can be applied. In the current work, gene expression changes in response to total-body irradiation (TBI) were identified in heart, lungs and liver tissue of Göttingen minipigs. Animals received 1.7, 1.9, 2.1 or 2.3 Gy TBI and were followed for 45 days. Organ samples were collected at the end of day 45 or sooner if the animal displayed morbidity necessitating euthanasia. Our findings indicate that different organs respond to TBI in a very specific and distinct manner. We also found that the liver was the most affected organ in terms of gene expression changes, and that lipid metabolic pathways were the most deregulated in the liver samples of non-survivors (survival time <45 days). We identified organ-specific gene expression signatures that accurately differentiated non-survivors from survivors and control animals, irrespective of dose and time postirradiation. At what point did these radiation-induced injury markers manifest and how this information could be used for applying intervention therapies are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Moroni
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shannon Martello
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michelle Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jared May
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernadette Hritzo
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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9
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Maan K, Tyagi R, Dutta A, Bakhshi R, Rana P. Comparative metabolic profiles of total and partial body radiation exposure in mice using an untargeted metabolomics approach. Metabolomics 2020; 16:124. [PMID: 33245511 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A large scale population exposure to ionizing radiation during intentional or unintentional nuclear accidents undoubtedly generates a complex scenario with partial-body as well as total-body irradiated victims. A high throughput technique based rapid assessment method is an urgent necessity for stratification of exposed subjects independent of whether exposure is uniform total-body or non-homogenous partial-body. OBJECTIVE Here, we used Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) based metabolomics approach to compare and identify candidate metabolites differentially expressed in total and partially irradiated mice model. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice (8-10 weeks) were irradiated total-body or locally to thoracic, hind limb or abdominal regions with 10 Gy of gamma radiation. Urine samples collected at 24 h post irradiation were examined using high resolution NMR spectroscopy and the datasets were analysed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS Multivariate and metabolic pathway analysis in urine samples collected at 24 h post-radiation exhibited segregation of all irradiated groups from controls. Metabolites associated with energy metabolism, gut flora metabolism and taurine were common to partial and total-body irradiation, thus making them potential candidates for radiation exposure. Nevertheless, a distinct metabolic pattern was observed in partial-body exposed groups with maximum changes observed in the hind limb region indicating differential tissue associated radiation sensitivity. The organ-specific changes may provide an early warning regarding the physiological system at risk after radiation injury. CONCLUSION The study affirms potentiality of metabolite markers and comparative analysis could be an important piece of information for an integrated solution to a complex research question in terms of radiation biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Maan
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
- Department of Biomedical Science, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Tyagi
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Ajaswrata Dutta
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Department of Radiation Epigenetics, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Bakhshi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Rana
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi, India.
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10
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Ostheim P, Haupt J, Schüle S, Herodin F, Valente M, Drouet M, Majewski M, Port M, Abend M. Differentiating Total- or Partial-Body Irradiation in Baboons Using mRNA Expression Patterns: A Proof of Concept. Radiat Res 2020; 194:476-484. [DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00121.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Haupt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - F. Herodin
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M. Valente
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M. Drouet
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M. Majewski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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11
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Wathen LK, Eder PS, Horwith G, Wallace RL. Using biodosimetry to enhance the public health response to a nuclear incident. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:S6-S9. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1820605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. K. Wathen
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Washington, DC, USA
| | - P. S. Eder
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Washington, DC, USA
| | - G. Horwith
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Washington, DC, USA
| | - R. L. Wallace
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Washington, DC, USA
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Bolduc DL, Blakely WF, H Olsen C, Agay D, Mestries JC, Drouet M, Hérodin F. BABOON RADIATION QUALITY (MIXED-FIELD NEUTRON AND GAMMA, GAMMA ALONE) DOSE-RESPONSE MODEL SYSTEMS: ASSESSMENT OF H-ARS SEVERITY USING HAEMATOLOGIC BIOMARKERS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:15-23. [PMID: 31330012 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Results from archived (1986 and 1996) experiments were used to establish a baboon radiation-quality dose-response database with haematology biomarker time-course data following exposure to mixed-fields (i.e. neutron to gamma ratio: 5.5; dose: 0-8 Gy) and 60Co gamma-ray exposures (0-15 Gy). Time-course (i.e. 0-40 d) haematology changes for relevant blood-cell types for both mixed-field (neutron to gamma ratio = 5.5) and gamma ray alone were compared and models developed that showed significant differences using the maximum likehood ratio test. A consensus METREPOL-like haematology ARS (H-ARS) severity scoring system for baboons was established using these results. The data for mixed-field and the gamma only cohorts appeared similar, and so the cohorts were pooled into a single consensus H-ARS severity scoring system. These findings provide proof-of-concept for the use of a METREPOL H-ARS severity scoring system following mixed-field and gamma exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Bolduc
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Scientific Research Department, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William F Blakely
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Scientific Research Department, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cara H Olsen
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics Department, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane Agay
- Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements Département, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mestries
- Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements Département, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Michel Drouet
- Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements Département, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Francis Hérodin
- Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements Département, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
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13
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Gaber MW, Rodgers SP, Tang TT, Sabek OM, Zawaski JA. Differentiation of Heterogeneous Radiation Exposure Using Hematology and Blood Chemistry. Radiat Res 2019; 193:24-33. [PMID: 31671011 DOI: 10.1667/rr15411.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the aftermath of a nuclear incident, survivors will suffer the deleterious effects from acute radiation exposure. The majority of those affected would have received heterogeneous radiation exposure, reflected in hematological metrics and blood chemistry. Here, we investigated the acute and long-term changes in kinetics and magnitude of pancytopenia and blood chemistry in rats irradiated using varying degrees of body shielding. We hypothesized that, although a single blood count may not be able to differentiate the degree of radiation exposure, a combination of measurements from complete blood cell counts (CBCs) and blood chemistry tests is able to do so. Male Sprague Dawley rats, 8-10 weeks of age, received single-dose 7.5 Gy (160 kVp, 25 mA, 1.16 Gy/min) whole-body irradiation (WBI, LD100/30) or partial-body irradiation (PBI), as follows: one leg shielded (1LS, LD0/30), two legs shielded (2LS, LD0/30) or the upper half of the body shielded (UHS, LD0/30). Animal morbidity and weights were measured. Blood was drawn at 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days postirradiation (n = 4-11). For kidney and liver function measurements, CBC and blood chemistry analyses were performed. WBI animals on average survived 9 ± 0.4 days postirradiation. In contrast, all PBI animals survived the 30-day study period. CBC analysis revealed that both white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts were most affected after irradiation. While WBC counts were significantly lower in all irradiated groups on days 1, 5 and 10, platelets were only significantly lower on days 5 and 10 postirradiation. In addition, on day 5 postirradiation both WBC and platelet counts were able to differentiate WBI (non-survivors) from PBI 2LS and UHS animals (survivors). Using four blood parameters (platelets, percentage lymphocytes, percentage neutrophils and percentage monocytes) on day 5 after 7.5 Gy irradiation and a linear discrimination analysis (LDA), we were able to predict the degree of body exposure in animals with a 95.8% accuracy. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly lower in all groups on days 5 and 10 postirradiation compared to baseline. Furthermore, ALP was significantly higher in the UHS than WBI animals. The AST:ALT ratio was significantly higher than baseline in all irradiated groups on day 1 postirradiation. In conclusion, four CBC parameters, on day 5 after receiving a 7.5 Gy dose of radiation, can be employed in a LDA to differentiate various degrees of exposure (shielding). The characterization presented in this work paves the way for further studies in differences caused by heterogeneous body exposure to radiation and a new metric for biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waleed Gaber
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Tien T Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Janice A Zawaski
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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14
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Ostheim P, Haupt J, Herodin F, Valente M, Drouet M, Majewski M, Port M, Abend M. miRNA Expression Patterns Differ by Total- or Partial-Body Radiation Exposure in Baboons. Radiat Res 2019; 192:579-588. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15450.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Haupt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - F. Herodin
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M. Valente
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M. Drouet
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M. Majewski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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15
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Raavi V, Surendran J, Karthik K, Paul SFD, Thayalan K, Arunakaran J, Venkatachalam P. Measurement of γ-H2AX foci, miRNA-101, and gene expression as a means to quantify radiation-absorbed dose in cancer patients who had undergone radiotherapy. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:69-80. [PMID: 30467642 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-018-0767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiological accidents and nuclear terrorism pose an increased threat to members of the public who, following such an event, would need to be assessed for medical care by fast triage. Assay methods such as chromosome aberrations (CA), cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques have been well established for dose estimation and their potential for handling more samples has also been proved with automation. However, culturing of lymphocytes is an inevitable step, which limits the potential of these markers for triage. In vitro analysis of gamma-H2AX (γ-H2AX), gene and microRNA (miRNA) markers do not require culturing of lymphocytes, and as such have been suggested as attractive tools for triage. Despite studies reporting in vitro dose-response curves, limited evidence is available evaluating the suitability of these assays in real situations. In this study, we have measured the absorbed dose using γ-H2AX, gene (GADD45A, FDXR, and CDKN1A) and miRNA-101 expression in blood samples of cancer patients (n = 20) who had undergone partial-body radiotherapy and compared with the derived equivalent whole-body doses (EWBD). The obtained results from all patients showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase of γ-H2AX foci in post-irradiated as compared to pre-irradiated samples. Moreover, estimated doses using γ-H2AX foci showed a correlation with the derived EWBD (r2 = 0.60, p = 0.0003) and was also shown to be dependent on the irradiated body volume. Consistent with γ-H2AX foci frequency, an increase in fold change expression of genes and miRNA-101 was observed. However, the estimated dose significantly varied among the subjects and showed poor correlation (r2 = 0.09, 0.04, 0.01 and 0.03 for GADD45A, FDXR, CDKN1A and miRNA-101, respectively) with EWBD. The overall results suggest that the established in vitro γ-H2AX assay is suitable for the detection of radiation exposure and can also provide an estimate of the dose in in vivo irradiated samples. The genes and miRNA-101 markers showed increased expression; nevertheless, there is a need for further improvements to measure doses accurately using these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswarlu Raavi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - J Surendran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kamakshi Memorial Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - K Karthik
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Solomon F D Paul
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - K Thayalan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kamakshi Memorial Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - J Arunakaran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Perumal Venkatachalam
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India.
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Rong Z, Xiao R, Xing S, Xiong G, Yu Z, Wang L, Jia X, Wang K, Cong Y, Wang S. SERS-based lateral flow assay for quantitative detection of C-reactive protein as an early bio-indicator of a radiation-induced inflammatory response in nonhuman primates. Analyst 2019; 143:2115-2121. [PMID: 29648566 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In accidental irradiation situations, rapid in-field evaluation of acute radiation syndrome is critical for effective triage and timely medical treatment of irradiated individuals. A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based lateral flow assay was developed for the quantitative detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) as an early bio-indicator of a radiation-induced inflammatory response in nonhuman primates. Raman reporter-embedded gold-core silver-shell nanoparticles with built-in hot spots were synthesized and conjugated with a CRP detection antibody to serve as SERS tags in the lateral flow assay. The proposed SERS-based lateral flow assay can rapidly detect CRP with a limit of detection of 0.01 ng mL-1 and quantitative analysis ability. Furthermore, the assay was applied to evaluate the CRP levels in plasma samples of irradiated nonhuman primates at 0 to 80 h after exposure to sublethal (4 Gy) and lethal (8 Gy) doses of total body irradiation (n = 3 animals per group). The plasma CRP levels increase rapidly within few hours after irradiation. The CRP level peaks are observed at 12 or 24 h after irradiation, with a concentration of 201.30, 386.06 and 475.18 μg mL-1 for the 4 Gy irradiated animals and 197.14, 69.52 and 358.03 μg mL-1 for the 8 Gy irradiated animals. The results indicate the potential application of the proposed SERS-based lateral flow assay to serve as a rapid and accurate point-of-care biodosimetry assay for the quantitative detection of bio-indicators to triage irradiated individuals in the field of a radiation accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Rong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Xing
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China.
| | - Guolin Xiong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China.
| | - Zuyin Yu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China.
| | - Limei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaofei Jia
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China. and College of Life Sciences & Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Keli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China. and Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P. R. China
| | - Yuwen Cong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China.
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China.
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17
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Kaur A, Ten Have GAM, Hritzo B, Deutz NEP, Olsen C, Moroni M. Morphological and functional impairment in the gut in a partial body irradiation minipig model of GI-ARS. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:112-128. [PMID: 30475652 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1552377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Göttingen minipig (G-MP) displays classic gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS) following total body irradiation (TBI) at GI doses which are lethal by 10-14 days. In collaboration with BARDA, we are developing a hemi-body/partial body irradiation (PBI) model by exposing only the abdomen and lower extremities to study GI structure/function impairment, natural history of injury and recovery, as well as correlative biomarkers out to 30 days.Materials and methods: Twenty-four G-MP were exposed to either 12 or 16 Gy (LINAC Elekta); head, forelimbs, and thorax were outside the irradiation field, sparing ∼50% of the bone marrow. Animals were followed for 30 days with euthanasia scheduled at pre-set intervals to study the time course of GI injury and recovery. Hematological profiles, clinical symptoms, gross- and histo-pathology including markers of proliferation and apoptosis in the small intestines, gut function parameters (food tolerance, digestion, absorption, citrulline production), and levels of two biomarkers, CRP and IGF-1, were evaluated.Results: PBI at 16 Gy yielded higher lethality than 12 Gy. Unlike TBI, PBI did not cause severe pancytopenia or external hemorrhage, as expected, and allowed to focus the injury on GI organs while sparing the radiation sensitive heart and lung. Compromised animals showed inactivity, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. Histology revealed that in 12 Gy irradiated animals, lesions recovered overtime. In 16 Gy irradiated animals, lesions were more pronounced and persistent. BrdU and Ki67 labelling demonstrated dose-dependent loss of crypts and subsequent mucosal ulceration which recovered over time. Minimal apoptosis was observed at both doses. Reductions in food tolerance, digestion, absorption, and citrulline production were time and dose-dependent. Loss of citrulline reached a nadir between 6-12 days and then recovered partially. CRP and IGF-1 were upregulated following PBI at GI doses.Conclusions: This lower hemi-body irradiation model allowed for extended survival at GI-specific ARS doses and development of a well-controlled GI syndrome with minimal hematopoietic injury or confounding mortality from cardiopulmonary damage. A dose-dependent impairment in the intestinal structure resulted in overall decreased gut functionality followed by a partial recovery. However, while the structure appeared to be recovered, not all functionality was attained. PBI induced systemic inflammation and altered the IGF-1 hormone indicating that these can be used as biomarkers in the minipig even under partial body conditions. This PBI model aligns with other minipig models under BARDA's large animal consortium to test medical countermeasure efficacy against a less complex GI-specific ARS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Radiation Countermeasure program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriëlla A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bernadette Hritzo
- Radiation Countermeasure program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Cara Olsen
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Moroni
- Radiation Countermeasure program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Port M, Hérodin F, Valente M, Drouet M, Ostheim P, Majewski M, Abend M. Persistent mRNA and miRNA expression changes in irradiated baboons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15353. [PMID: 30337559 PMCID: PMC6194144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the transcriptome/post-transcriptome for persistent gene expression changes after radiation exposure in a baboon model. Eighteen baboons were irradiated with a whole body equivalent dose of 2.5 or 5 Gy. Blood samples were taken before, 7, 28 and 75–106 days after radiation exposure. Stage I was a whole genome screening for mRNA combined with a qRT-PCR platform for detection of 667 miRNAs. Candidate mRNAs and miRNAs differentially up- or down-regulated in stage I were chosen for validation in stage II using the remaining samples. Only 12 of 32 candidate genes provided analyzable results with two mRNAs showing significant 3–5-fold differences in gene expression over the reference (p < 0.0001). From 667 candidate miRNAs, 290 miRNA were eligible for analysis with 21 miRNAs independently validated using qRT-PCR. These miRNAs showed persistent expression changes on each day and over days 7–106 days after exposure (n = 7). In particular miR-212 involved in radiosensitivity and immune modulation appeared persistently and 48–77-fold up-regulated over the entire time period. We are finally trying to put our results into a context of clinical implications and provide possible hints on underlying molecular mechanisms to be examined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstr. 11, Munich, 80937, Germany
| | - Francis Hérodin
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, 91220, France
| | - Marco Valente
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, 91220, France
| | - Michel Drouet
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, 91220, France
| | - Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstr. 11, Munich, 80937, Germany
| | - Matthäus Majewski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstr. 11, Munich, 80937, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstr. 11, Munich, 80937, Germany.
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Singh VK, Santiago PT, MacVittie TJ. Opportunities and challenges with animal models for acute radiation syndrome drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:987-992. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1526172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paola T. Santiago
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J. MacVittie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Bensimon Etzol J, Bouvet S, Bettencourt C, Altmeyer S, Paget V, Ugolin N, Chevillard S. DosiKit, a New Immunoassay for Fast Radiation Biodosimetry of Hair and Blood Samples. Radiat Res 2018; 190:473-482. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15136.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Paget
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses France
| | - Nicolas Ugolin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses France
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21
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Lin Y, Kong F, Li H, Xu D, Jia F, Zhang X, Wang B, Li G. Comparison of target volume and clinical effects of four radiotherapy plans for acute lymphoblastic leukemia prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2762-2770. [PMID: 29956788 PMCID: PMC6102668 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the variations in target volume, clinical reaction and transplantation effects of helical tomotherapy (HT)-total body irradiation (TBI), HT-total marrow and lymphatic irradiation (TMLI), intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)-TBI and IMRT-TMLI within patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A total of 18 patients with ALL were treated with the four aforementioned radiotherapy plans prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A planned prescribed dose of 12 Gy/6 Frequency was administered to determine planning target volume (PTV). Dosimetry evaluation indexes in PTV and organs at risk were analyzed. Comparison of clinical untoward effects and the results of transplantation among the four plans were performed. The conformity index of HT plans was significantly increased compared with those in IMRT plans. The mean dose (D) to the lung and volume ratio of target volume occupied by 5 Gy (V5) in TMLI plans were lower compared with TBI plans. Doses to organs were controlled within the normal range. Dmax, Dmean and V5 of bilateral lungs and Dmax and Dmean of bilateral crystalline lens in IMRT plans were significantly higher compared with HT plans. There were no significant differences in untoward effects among the four plans. Subsequent to symptomatic treatments with antiemetic, antidiarrheal and fluid infusion, untoward effects improved, and all patients demonstrated tolerance to these therapies. A total of six patients treated with HT-TBI revealed complete and successful transplantation; however, one patient following transplantation suffered from severe rejection and had succumbed to mortality due to severe infection. Patients treated with HT-TMLI, IMRT-TBI and IMRT-TMLI completed successful transplantation and no rejection responses were observed. Conformity of HT plans are higher than that of IMRT plans. The four radiotherapy plans exhibit similar clinical untoward effects and the same transplantation success rate. HT-TMLI is more feasible in dosimetry compared with HT-TBI, IMRT-TBI and IMRT-TMLI, which require further long-term observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fanyang Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fei Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Guowen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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22
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Agbenyegah S, Abend M, Atkinson MJ, Combs SE, Trott KR, Port M, Majewski M. Impact of Inter-Individual Variance in the Expression of a Radiation-Responsive Gene Panel Used for Triage. Radiat Res 2018; 190:226-235. [PMID: 29923790 DOI: 10.1667/rr15013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies we determined a gene expression signature in baboons for predicting the severity of hematological acute radiation syndrome. We subsequently validated a set of eight of these genes in leukemia patients undergoing total-body irradiation. In the current study, we addressed the effect of intra-individual variability on the basal level of expression of those eight radiation-responsive genes identified previously, by examining baseline levels in 200 unexposed healthy human donors (122 males and 88 females with an average age of 46 years) using real-time PCR. In addition to the eight candidate genes ( DAGLA, WNT3, CD177, PLA2G16, WLS, POU2AF1, STAT4 and PRF1), we examined two more genes ( FDXR and DDB2) widely used in ex vivo whole blood experiments. Although significant sex- (seven genes) and age-dependent (two genes) differences in expression were found, the fold changes ranged only between 1.1-1.6. These were well within the twofold differences in gene expression generally considered to represent control values. Age and sex contributed less than 20-30% to the complete inter-individual variance, which is calculated as the fold change between the lowest (reference) and the highest Ct value minimum-maximum fold change (min-max FC). Min-max FCs ranging between 10-17 were observed for most genes; however, for three genes, min-max FCs of complete inter-individual variance were found to be 37.1 ( WNT3), 51.4 ( WLS) and 1,627.8 ( CD177). In addition, to determine whether discrimination between healthy and diseased baboons might be altered by replacing the published gene expression data of the 18 healthy baboons with that of the 200 healthy humans, we employed logistic regression analysis and calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The additional inter-individual variance of the human data set had either no impact or marginal impact on the ROC area, since up to 32-fold change gene expression differences between healthy and diseased baboons were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agbenyegah
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Abend
- b Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M J Atkinson
- c Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - S E Combs
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,d Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - K R Trott
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Port
- b Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Majewski
- b Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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23
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Port M, Majewski M, Herodin F, Valente M, Drouet M, Forcheron F, Tichy A, Sirak I, Zavrelova A, Malkova A, Becker BV, Veit DA, Waldeck S, Badie C, O'Brien G, Christiansen H, Wichmann J, Eder M, Beutel G, Vachelova J, Doucha-Senf S, Abend M. Validating Baboon Ex Vivo and In Vivo Radiation-Related Gene Expression with Corresponding Human Data. Radiat Res 2018; 189:389-398. [PMID: 29373091 DOI: 10.1667/rr14958.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The research for high-throughput diagnostic tests for victims of radio/nuclear incidents remains ongoing. In this context, we have previously identified candidate genes that predict risk of late-occurring hematologic acute radiation syndrome (HARS) in a baboon model. The goal of the current study was to validate these genes after radiation exposure in humans. We also examined ex vivo relative to in vivo measurements in both species and describe dose-response relationships. Eighteen baboons were irradiated in vivo to simulate different patterns of partial- or total-body irradiation (TBI), corresponding to an equivalent dose of 2.5 or 5 Sv. Human in vivo blood samples were obtained from patients exposed to different dose ranges: diagnostic computerized tomography (CT; 0.004-0.018 Sv); radiotherapy for prostate cancer (0.25-0.3 Sv); and TBI of leukemia patients (2 × 1.5 or 2 × 2 Sv, five patients each). Peripheral whole blood of another five baboons and human samples from five healthy donors were cultivated ex vivo and irradiated with 0-4 Sv. RNA was isolated pairwise before and 24 h after irradiation and converted into cDNA. Gene expression of six promising candidate genes found previously by us in a baboon model ( WNT3, POU2AF1, CCR7, ARG2, CD177, WLS), as well as three genes commonly used in ex vivo whole blood experiments ( FDXR, PCNA, DDB2) was measured using qRT-PCR. We confirmed the six baboon candidate genes in leukemia patients. However, expression for the candidate gene FDXR showed an inverse relationship, as it was downregulated in baboons and upregulated in human samples. Comparisons among the in vivo and ex vivo experiments revealed the same pattern in both species and indicated peripheral blood cells to represent the radiation-responsive targets causing WNT3 and POU2AF1 gene expression changes. CCR7, ARG2, CD177 and WLS appeared to be altered due to radiation-responsive targets other than the whole blood cells. Linear dose-response relationships of FDXR, WNT3 and POU2AF1 using human ex vivo samples corresponded with human in vivo samples, suggesting that ex vivo models for in vivo dose estimates can be used over a wide dose range (0.001-5 Sv for POU2AF1). In summary, we validated six baboon candidate genes in humans, but the FDXR measurements underscored the importance of independent assessments even when candidates from animal models have striking gene sequence homology to humans. Since whole blood cells represented the same radiation-responsive targets for FDXR, WNT3 and POU2AF1 gene expression changes, ex vivo cell culture models can be utilized for in vivo dose estimates over a dose range covering up to 3.5 log scales. These findings might be a step forward in the development of a gene expression-based high-throughput diagnostic test for populations involved in large-scale radio/nuclear incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Port
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Majewski
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - F Herodin
- b Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M Valente
- b Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M Drouet
- b Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - F Forcheron
- b Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - A Tichy
- c Departments of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno and Biomedical Research Centre
| | - I Sirak
- d Oncology and Radiotherapy, and 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - A Zavrelova
- d Oncology and Radiotherapy, and 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - A Malkova
- e Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - B V Becker
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - D A Veit
- f Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - S Waldeck
- f Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - C Badie
- g Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - G O'Brien
- g Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - M Eder
- i Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Beutel
- i Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Vachelova
- j Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - S Doucha-Senf
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Abend
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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24
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Bensimon Etzol J, Valente M, Altmeyer S, Bettencourt C, Bouvet S, Cosler G, Desangles F, Drouet M, Entine F, Hérodin F, Jourquin F, Lecompte Y, Martigne P, Michel X, Pateux J, Ugolin N, Chevillard S. DosiKit, a New Portable Immunoassay for Fast External Irradiation Biodosimetry. Radiat Res 2017; 190:176-185. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14760.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Valente
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny, France
| | | | | | | | - Guillaume Cosler
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny, France
| | | | - Michel Drouet
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny, France
| | - Fabrice Entine
- Service de Protection Radiologique des Armées (SPRA), Clamart, France
| | - Francis Hérodin
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny, France
| | - Flora Jourquin
- Service de Protection Radiologique des Armées (SPRA), Clamart, France
| | - Yannick Lecompte
- Service de Protection Radiologique des Armées (SPRA), Clamart, France
| | - Patrick Martigne
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny, France
| | - Xavier Michel
- Service de Protection Radiologique des Armées (SPRA), Clamart, France
| | - Jérôme Pateux
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny, France
| | - Nicolas Ugolin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Vallard A, Rancoule C, Guy JB, Espenel S, Sauvaigo S, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, Magné N. [Biomarkers of radiation-induced DNA repair processes]. Bull Cancer 2017; 104:981-987. [PMID: 29132682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The identification of DNA repair biomarkers is of paramount importance. Indeed, it is the first step in the process of modulating radiosensitivity and radioresistance. Unlike tools of detection and measurement of DNA damage, DNA repair biomarkers highlight the variations of DNA damage responses, depending on the dose and the dose rate. The aim of the present review is to describe the main biomarkers of radiation-induced DNA repair. We will focus on double strand breaks (DSB), because of their major role in radiation-induced cell death. The most important DNA repair biomarkers are DNA damage signaling proteins, with ATM, DNA-PKcs, 53BP1 and γ-H2AX. They can be analyzed either using immunostaining, or using lived cell imaging. However, to date, these techniques are still time and money consuming. The development of "omics" technologies should lead the way to new (and usable in daily routine) DNA repair biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Vallard
- Institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, département de radiothérapie, , 108, bis avenue Albert-Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France; Institut de physique nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, CNRS-UMR-5822, laboratoire de radiobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chloé Rancoule
- Institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, département de radiothérapie, , 108, bis avenue Albert-Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France; Institut de physique nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, CNRS-UMR-5822, laboratoire de radiobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Guy
- Institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, département de radiothérapie, , 108, bis avenue Albert-Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France; Institut de physique nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, CNRS-UMR-5822, laboratoire de radiobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sophie Espenel
- Institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, département de radiothérapie, , 108, bis avenue Albert-Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France; Institut de physique nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, CNRS-UMR-5822, laboratoire de radiobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Institut de physique nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, CNRS-UMR-5822, laboratoire de radiobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Magné
- Institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, département de radiothérapie, , 108, bis avenue Albert-Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France; Institut de physique nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, CNRS-UMR-5822, laboratoire de radiobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Singh VK, Olabisi AO. Nonhuman primates as models for the discovery and development of radiation countermeasures. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:695-709. [PMID: 28441902 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1323863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite significant scientific advances over the past six decades toward the development of safe and effective radiation countermeasures for humans using animal models, only two pharmaceutical agents have been approved by United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). Additional research efforts are needed to further develop large animal models for improving the prediction of clinical safety and effectiveness of radiation countermeasures for ARS and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) in humans. Area covered: The authors review the suitability of animal models for the development of radiation countermeasures for ARS following the FDA Animal Rule with a special focus on nonhuman primate (NHP) models of ARS. There are seven centers in the United States currently conducting studies with irradiated NHPs, with the majority of studies being conducted with rhesus monkeys. Expert opinion: The NHP model is considered the gold standard animal model for drug development and approval by the FDA. The lack of suitable substitutes for NHP models for predicting response in humans serves as a bottleneck for the development of radiation countermeasures. Additional large animal models need to be characterized to support the development and FDA-approval of new radiation countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- a Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics , F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , USA.,b Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Ayodele O Olabisi
- b Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , USA
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27
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Port M, Hérodin F, Valente M, Drouet M, Lamkowski A, Majewski M, Abend M. Gene expression signature for early prediction of late occurring pancytopenia in irradiated baboons. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:859-870. [PMID: 28236054 PMCID: PMC5371629 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-2952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Based on gene expression changes measured in the peripheral blood within the first 2 days after irradiation, we predicted a pancytopenia in a baboon model. Eighteen baboons were irradiated with 2.5 or 5 Gy. According to changes in blood cell counts, the surviving baboons (n = 17) exhibited a hematological acute radiation syndrome (HARS) either with or without a pancytopenia. We used a two stage study design where stage I was a whole genome screen (microarrays) for mRNA combined with a qRT-PCR platform for simultaneous detection of 667 miRNAs using a part of the samples. Candidate mRNAs and miRNAs differentially upregulated or downregulated (>2-fold, p < 0.05) during the first 2 days after irradiation were chosen for validation in stage II using the remaining samples and using throughout more sensitive qRT-PCR. We detected about twice as many upregulated (mean 2128) than downregulated genes (mean 789) in baboons developing an HARS either with or without a pancytopenia. From 51 candidate mRNAs altogether, 11 mRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR. These mRNAs showed only significant differences between HARS groups and H0, but not between HARS groups with and without pancytopenia. Six miRNA species (e.g., miR-574-3p, p = 0.009, ROC = 0.94) revealed significant gene expression differences between HARS groups with and without pancytopenia and are known to sensitize irradiated cells. Hence, in particular, the newly identified miRNA species for prediction of pancytopenia will support the medical management decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Francis Hérodin
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Marco Valente
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Michel Drouet
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Andreas Lamkowski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthäus Majewski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
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Pre-Exposure Gene Expression in Baboons with and without Pancytopenia after Radiation Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030541. [PMID: 28257102 PMCID: PMC5372557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiosensitivity differs in humans and likely among primates. The reasons are not well known. We examined pre-exposure gene expression in baboons (n = 17) who developed haematologic acute radiation syndrome (HARS) without pancytopenia or a more aggravated HARS with pancytopenia after irradiation. We evaluated gene expression in a two stage study design where stage I comprised a whole genome screen for messenger RNAs (mRNA) (microarray) and detection of 667 microRNAs (miRNA) (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) platform). Twenty candidate mRNAs and nine miRNAs were selected for validation in stage II (qRT-PCR). None of the mRNA species could be confirmed during the validation step, but six of the nine selected candidate miRNA remained significantly different during validation. In particular, miR-425-5p (receiver operating characteristic = 0.98; p = 0.0003) showed nearly complete discrimination between HARS groups with and without pancytopenia. Target gene searches of miR-425-5p identified new potential mRNAs and associated biological processes linked with radiosensitivity. We found that one miRNA species examined in pre-exposure blood samples was associated with HARS characterized by pancytopenia and identified new target mRNAs that might reflect differences in radiosensitivity of irradiated normal tissue.
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29
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Port M, Herodin F, Valente M, Drouet M, Ullmann R, Doucha-Senf S, Lamkowski A, Majewski M, Abend M. MicroRNA Expression for Early Prediction of Late Occurring Hematologic Acute Radiation Syndrome in Baboons. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165307. [PMID: 27846229 PMCID: PMC5113049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For effective medical management of radiation-exposed persons after a radiological/nuclear event, blood-based screening measures in the first few days that could predict hematologic acute radiation syndrome (HARS) are needed. For HARS severity prediction, we used microRNA (miRNA) expression changes measured on days one and two after irradiation in a baboon model. Eighteen baboons underwent different patterns of partial or total body irradiation, corresponding to an equivalent dose of 2.5 or 5 Gy. According to changes in blood cell counts (BCC) the surviving baboons (n = 17) exhibited mild (H1-2, n = 4) or more severe (H2-3, n = 13) HARS. In a two Stage study design we screened 667 miRNAs using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) platform. In Stage II we validated candidates where miRNAs had to show a similar regulation (up- or down-regulated) and a significant 2-fold miRNA expression difference over H0. Seventy-two candidate miRNAs (42 for H1-2 and 30 for H2-3) were forwarded for validation. Forty-two of the H1-2 miRNA candidates from the screening phase entered the validation step and 20 of them showed a statistically significant 2–4 fold up-regulation relative to the unexposed reference (H0). Fifteen of the 30 H2-3 miRNAs were validated in Stage II. All miRNAs appeared 2–3 fold down-regulated over H0 and allowed an almost complete separation of HARS categories; the strongest candidate, miR-342-3p, showed a sustained and 10-fold down-regulation on both days 1 and 2. In summary, our data support the medical decision making of the HARS even within the first two days after exposure where diagnostic tools for early medical decision are required but so far missing. The miRNA species identified and in particular miR-342-3p add to the previously identified mRNAs and complete the portfolio of identified mRNA and miRNA transcripts for HARS prediction and medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Francis Herodin
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Marco Valente
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Michel Drouet
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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30
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Foubert P, Doyle-Eisele M, Gonzalez A, Berard F, Weber W, Zafra D, Alfonso Z, Zhao S, Tenenhaus M, Fraser JK. Development of a combined radiation and full thickness burn injury minipig model to study the effects of uncultured adipose-derived regenerative cell therapy in wound healing. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:340-350. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1242814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Felipe Berard
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Waylon Weber
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mayer Tenenhaus
- UCSD Medical Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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31
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Port M, Herodin F, Valente M, Drouet M, Lamkowski A, Majewski M, Abend M. First Generation Gene Expression Signature for Early Prediction of Late Occurring Hematological Acute Radiation Syndrome in Baboons. Radiat Res 2016; 186:39-54. [PMID: 27333084 DOI: 10.1667/rr14318.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We implemented a two-stage study to predict late occurring hematologic acute radiation syndrome (HARS) in a baboon model based on gene expression changes measured in peripheral blood within the first two days after irradiation. Eighteen baboons were irradiated to simulate different patterns of partial-body and total-body exposure, which corresponded to an equivalent dose of 2.5 or 5 Gy. According to changes in blood cell counts the surviving baboons (n = 17) exhibited mild (H1-2, n = 4) or more severe (H2-3, n = 13) HARS. Blood samples taken before irradiation served as unexposed control (H0, n = 17). For stage I of this study, a whole genome screen (mRNA microarrays) was performed using a portion of the samples (H0, n = 5; H1-2, n = 4; H2-3, n = 5). For stage II, using the remaining samples and the more sensitive methodology, qRT-PCR, validation was performed on candidate genes that were differentially up- or down-regulated during the first two days after irradiation. Differential gene expression was defined as significant (P < 0.05) and greater than or equal to a twofold difference above a H0 classification. From approximately 20,000 genes, on average 46% appeared to be expressed. On day 1 postirradiation for H2-3, approximately 2-3 times more genes appeared up-regulated (1,418 vs. 550) or down-regulated (1,603 vs. 735) compared to H1-2. This pattern became more pronounced at day 2 while the number of differentially expressed genes decreased. The specific genes showed an enrichment of biological processes coding for immune system processes, natural killer cell activation and immune response (P = 1 × E-06 up to 9 × E-14). Based on the P values, magnitude and sustained differential gene expression over time, we selected 89 candidate genes for validation using qRT-PCR. Ultimately, 22 genes were confirmed for identification of H1-3 classifications and seven genes for identification of H2-3 classifications using qRT-PCR. For H1-3 classifications, most genes were constantly three to fivefold down-regulated relative to H0 over both days, but some genes appeared 10.3-fold (VSIG4) or even 30.7-fold up-regulated (CD177) over H0. For H2-3, some genes appeared four to sevenfold up-regulated relative to H0 (RNASE3, DAGLA, ARG2), but other genes showed a strong 14- to 33-fold down-regulation relative to H0 (WNT3, POU2AF1, CCR7). All of these genes allowed an almost completely identifiable separation among each of the HARS categories. In summary, clinically relevant HARS can be independently predicted with all 29 irradiated genes examined in the peripheral blood of baboons within the first two days postirradiation. While further studies are needed to confirm these findings, this model shows potential relevance in the prediction of clinical outcomes in exposed humans and as an aid in the prioritizing of medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Port
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - F Herodin
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - M Valente
- b Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M Drouet
- b Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - A Lamkowski
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - M Majewski
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - M Abend
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
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32
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Hérodin F, Voir D, Vilgrain I, Courçon M, Drouet M, Boittin FX. Soluble Vascular Endothelial Cadherin as a New Biomarker of Irradiation in Highly Irradiated Baboons with Bone Marrow Protection. HEALTH PHYSICS 2016; 110:598-605. [PMID: 27115227 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cadherin is the main component of adherens junctions enabling cohesion of the endothelial monolayer in vessels. The extracellular part of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) can be cleaved, releasing soluble fragments in blood (sVE-cadherin). In some diseases with endothelial dysfunction, a correlation between increased blood sVE-cadherin levels and disease state has been proposed. Irradiation is known to induce endothelial damage, but new serum biomarkers are needed to evaluate endothelial damage after irradiation. Here, the authors investigated whether sVE-cadherin may be an interesting biomarker of irradiation in highly irradiated baboons with bone marrow protection. sVE-cadherin was detected in the plasma of young as well as old baboons. Plasma sVE-cadherin levels significantly decrease a few days after irradiation but recover in the late time after irradiation. Kinetic analysis of plasma sVE-cadherin levels suggests a correlation with white blood cell counts in both the acute phase of irradiation and during hematopoietic recovery, suggesting that plasma sVE-cadherin levels may be partly linked to the disappearance and recovery of white blood cells. Interestingly, after hematopoietic recovery was completed, sVE-cadherin levels were found to exceed control values, suggesting that plasma sVE-cadherin may represent a new biomarker of endothelial damage or neovascularization in the late time after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Hérodin
- *Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; †Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institute of Life Science Research and Technologies, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; University of Grenoble Alpes, Unité mixte de recherche-S1036, 17, rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
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