1
|
Satyaveanthan MV, Ng CL, Awang A, Lam KW, Hassan M. Isolation, purification and biochemical characterization of Conopomorpha cramerella farnesol dehydrogenase. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:143-159. [PMID: 36454188 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In Southeast Asia, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) which is commonly known as the cocoa pod borer (CPB) moth has been identified as the most detrimental pest of Theobroma cacao L. Apart from the various side effects on human health and non-target organisms, heavily relying on synthetic pyrethroid insecticides to control CPB infestations also increases the environmental contamination risks. Thus, developing biorational insecticides that minimally affect the non-target organism and environment by targeting the insect growth regulation process is needed to manage the pest population. In insects, juvenile hormones (JH) regulate critical biological events, especially metamorphosis, development and reproduction. Since the physiological roles of JH III vary among different organisms, the biochemical properties, especially substrate specificity and analogue inhibition, may also be different. Therefore, studies on the JH III biosynthetic pathway enzymes in both plants and insects are beneficial to discover more effective analogues. Bioinformatic analysis and biochemical characterization of a NADP+ -dependent farnesol dehydrogenase, an intermediate enzyme of the JH III pathway, from C. cramerella (CcFolDH), were described in this study. In addition, the farnesol analogues that may act as a potent analogue inhibitor for CcFolDH ware determined using in vitro enzymatic study. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that CcFolDH shared a close phylogenetic relationship to the honeybee's short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase. The 27 kDa CcFolDH has an NADP(H) binding domain with a typical Rossmann fold and is likely a homotetrameric protein in the solution. The enzyme had a greater preference for substrate trans, trans-farnesol and coenzyme NADP+ . In terms of analogue inhibitor inhibition, hexahydroxyfarnesyl acetone showed the highest inhibition (the lowest Ki ) compared to other farnesol analogues. Thus, hexahydroxyfarnesyl acetone would serve as the most potent active ingredient for future biorational pesticide management for C. cramerella infestation. Based on the bioinformatic analyses and biochemical characterizations conducted in this research, we proposed that rCcFolDH differs slightly from other reported farnesol dehydrogenases in terms of molecular weight, substrate preference, coenzymes utilization and analogue inhibitors selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chyan Leong Ng
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Alias Awang
- Cocoa Research & Development Centre (Bagan Datuk), Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sg. Sumun, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali M, Nishawy E, Ramadan WA, Ewas M, Rizk MS, Sief-Eldein AGM, El-Zayat MAS, Hassan AHM, Guo M, Hu GW, Wang S, Ahmed FA, Amar MH, Wang QF. Molecular characterization of a Novel NAD+-dependent farnesol dehydrogenase SoFLDH gene involved in sesquiterpenoid synthases from Salvia officinalis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269045. [PMID: 35657794 PMCID: PMC9165828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia officinalis is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants in terms of nutritional and medicinal value because it contains a variety of vital active ingredients. Terpenoid compounds, particularly monoterpenes (C10) and sesquiterpenes, are the most important and abundant among these active substances (C15). Terpenes play a variety of roles and have beneficial biological properties in plants. With these considerations, the current study sought to clone theNAD+-dependent farnesol dehydrogenase (SoFLDH, EC: 1.1.1.354) gene from S. officinalis. Functional analysis revealed that, SoFLDH has an open reading frame of 2,580 base pairs that encodes 860 amino acids.SoFLDH has two conserved domains and four types of highly conserved motifs: YxxxK, RXR, RR (X8) W, TGxxGhaG. However, SoFLDH was cloned from Salvia officinalis leaves and functionally overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate its role in sesquiterpenoid synthases. In comparison to the transgenic plants, the wild-type plants showed a slight delay in growth and flowering formation. To this end, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that SoFLDH transgenic plants were responsible for numerous forms of terpene synthesis, particularly sesquiterpene. These results provide a base for further investigation on SoFLDH gene role and elucidating the regulatory mechanisms for sesquiterpene synthesis in S. offcinalis. And our study paves the way for the future metabolic engineering of the biosynthesis of useful terpene compounds in S. offcinalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Nishawy
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A. Ramadan
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Biotechnology Research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ewas
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar Said Rizk
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Mingquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Fatma A. Ahmed
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamdy Amar
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zifruddin AN, Mohamad-Khalid KA, Suhaimi SA, Mohamed-Hussein ZA, Hassan M. Molecular characterization and enzyme inhibition studies of NADP+- farnesol dehydrogenase from diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1628-1638. [PMID: 33890631 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone III (JH III) plays an important role in insect reproduction, development, and behavior. The second branch of JH III production includes oxidation of farnesol to farnesal by farnesol dehydrogenase. This study reported the identification and characterization of Plutella xylostella farnesol dehydrogenase (PxFoLDH). Our results showed that PxFoLDH belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, consisting of a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossman fold, an NAD(P) (H)-binding region and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. The purified enzyme displayed maximum activity at 55$\ $°C with pH 9.5 and was stable in the temperature below 70$\ ^\circ $C. PxFoLDH was determined to be a monomer with a relative molecular weight of 27 kDa and highly specific for trans, trans-farnesol, and NADP+. Among analog inhibitors tested, farnesyl acetate was the most effective inhibitor with the lowest Ki value of 0.02 µm. Our findings showed this purified enzyme may represent as NADP+-farnesol dehydrogenase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anis-Nadyra Zifruddin
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Saidi-Adha Suhaimi
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Satyaveanthan MV, Suhaimi SA, Ng CL, Muhd-Noor ND, Awang A, Lam KW, Hassan M. Purification, biochemical characterisation and bioinformatic analysis of recombinant farnesol dehydrogenase from Theobroma cacao. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 161:143-155. [PMID: 33588320 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The juvenile hormones (JH) in plants are suggested to act as a form of plant defensive strategy especially against insect herbivory. The oxidation of farnesol to farnesoic acid is a key step in the juvenile hormone biosynthesis pathway. We herein present the purification and characterisation of the recombinant Theobroma cacao farnesol dehydrogenase enzyme that catalyses oxidation of farnesol to farnesal. The recombinant enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme was characterised in terms of its deduced amino acid sequences, phylogeny, substrate specificity, kinetic parameters, structural modeling, and docking simulation. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the T. cacao farnesol dehydrogenase (TcFolDH) showed a close relationship with A. thaliana farnesol dehydrogenase gene. The TcFolDH monomer had a large N-terminal domain which adopted a typical Rossmann-fold, harboring the GxxGxG motif (NADP(H)-binding domain) and a small C-terminal domain. The enzyme was a homotrimer comprised of subunits with molecular masses of 36 kDa. The TcFolDH was highly specific to NADP+ as coenzyme. The substrate specificity studies showed trans, trans-farnesol was the most preferred substrate for the TcFolDH, suggesting that the purified enzyme was a NADP+-dependent farnesol dehydrogenase. The docking of trans, trans-farnesol and NADP+ into the active site of the enzyme showed the important residues, and their interactions involved in the substrate and coenzyme binding of TcFolDH. Considering the extensive involvement of JH in both insects and plants, an in-depth knowledge on the recombinant production of intermediate enzymes of the JH biosynthesis pathway could help provide a potential method for insect control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saidi-Adha Suhaimi
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Chyan Leong Ng
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Noor-Dina Muhd-Noor
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Enzyme & Microbial Technology Center (EMTech), Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Alias Awang
- Cocoa Research & Development Centre (Bagan Datuk), Malaysian Cocoa Board, P.O. Box 30, Sg. Dulang Road, Sg. Sumun, Perak, 36307, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yusoff N, Abd Ghani I, Othman NW, Aizat WM, Hassan M. Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:109. [PMID: 33513706 PMCID: PMC7910910 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against P. xylostella. The toxicity and sublethal concentration (LC50) of farnesyl acetate, farnesyl acetone, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl chloride, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone were investigated for 96 h. The leaf-dip bioassays showed that farnesyl acetate had a high level of toxicity against P. xylostella compared to other tested farnesyl derivatives. The LC50 value was 56.41 mg/L on the second-instar larvae of P. xylostella. Then, the sublethal effects of farnesyl acetate on biological parameters of P. xylostella were assessed. Compared to the control group, the sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate decreased pupation and emergence rates, pupal weight, fecundity, egg hatching rate, female ratio, and oviposition period. Furthermore, the developmental time of P. xylostella was extended after being exposed to farnesyl acetate. Moreover, the application of farnesyl acetate on P. xylostella induced morphogenetic abnormalities in larval-pupal intermediates, adults that emerged with twisted wings, or complete adults that could not emerge from the cocoon. These results suggested that farnesyl acetate was highly effective against P. xylostella. The sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate could reduce the population of P. xylostella by increasing abnormal pupal and adults, and by delaying its development period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norazila Yusoff
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Y.); (W.M.A.)
| | - Idris Abd Ghani
- Centre for Insect Systematics, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia; (I.A.G.); (N.W.O.)
| | - Nurul Wahida Othman
- Centre for Insect Systematics, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia; (I.A.G.); (N.W.O.)
| | - Wan Mohd Aizat
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Y.); (W.M.A.)
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Y.); (W.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Soltani Howyzeh M, Sadat Noori SA, Shariati J V, Amiripour M. Comparative transcriptome analysis to identify putative genes involved in thymol biosynthesis pathway in medicinal plant Trachyspermum ammi L. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13405. [PMID: 30194320 PMCID: PMC6128898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol, as a dietary monoterpene, is a phenol derivative of cymene, which is the major component of the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi (L.). It shows multiple biological activities: antifungal, antibacterial, antivirus and anti-inflammatory. T. ammi, commonly known as ajowan, belongs to Apiaceae and is an important medicinal seed spice. To identify the putative genes involved in thymol and other monoterpene biosynthesis, we provided transcriptomes of four inflorescence tissues of two ajowan ecotypes, containing different thymol yield. This study has detected the genes encoding enzymes for the go-between stages of the terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. A large number of unigenes, differentially expressed between four inflorescence tissues of two ajowan ecotypes, was revealed by a transcriptome analysis. Furthermore, differentially expressed unigenes encoding dehydrogenases, transcription factors, and cytochrome P450s, which might be associated with terpenoid diversity in T. ammi, were identified. The sequencing data obtained in this study formed a valuable repository of genetic information for an understanding of the formation of the main constituents of ajowan essential oil and functional analysis of thymol-specific genes. Comparative transcriptome analysis led to the development of new resources for a functional breeding of ajowan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Soltani Howyzeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Sadat Noori
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Shariati J
- Molecular Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran. .,NIGEB Genome Center, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahboubeh Amiripour
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rusdi NA, Goh HH, Sabri S, Ramzi AB, Mohd Noor N, Baharum SN. Functional Characterisation of New Sesquiterpene Synthase from the Malaysian Herbal Plant, Polygonum Minus. Molecules 2018; 23:E1370. [PMID: 29882808 PMCID: PMC6100370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum minus (syn. Persicaria minor) is a herbal plant that is well known for producing sesquiterpenes, which contribute to its flavour and fragrance. This study describes the cloning and functional characterisation of PmSTPS1 and PmSTPS2, two sesquiterpene synthase genes that were identified from P. minus transcriptome data mining. The full-length sequences of the PmSTPS1 and PmSTPS2 genes were expressed in the E. coli pQE-2 expression vector. The sizes of PmSTPS1 and PmSTPS2 were 1098 bp and 1967 bp, respectively, with open reading frames (ORF) of 1047 and 1695 bp and encoding polypeptides of 348 and 564 amino acids, respectively. The proteins consist of three conserved motifs, namely, Asp-rich substrate binding (DDxxD), metal binding residues (NSE/DTE), and cytoplasmic ER retention (RxR), as well as the terpene synthase family N-terminal domain and C-terminal metal-binding domain. From the in vitro enzyme assays, using the farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) substrate, the PmSTPS1 enzyme produced multiple acyclic sesquiterpenes of β-farnesene, α-farnesene, and farnesol, while the PmSTPS2 enzyme produced an additional nerolidol as a final product. The results confirmed the roles of PmSTPS1 and PmSTPS2 in the biosynthesis pathway of P. minus, to produce aromatic sesquiterpenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nor Azizun Rusdi
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institutes for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Hoe-Han Goh
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Suriana Sabri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Bazli Ramzi
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Normah Mohd Noor
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Zada B, Wang C, Park JB, Jeong SH, Park JE, Singh HB, Kim SW. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for production of mixed isoprenoid alcohols and their derivatives. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:210. [PMID: 30061932 PMCID: PMC6058358 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current petroleum-derived fuels such as gasoline (C5-C12) and diesel (C15-C22) are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons with different chain lengths and chemical structures. Isoprenoids are hydrocarbon-based compounds with different carbon chain lengths and diverse chemical structures, similar to petroleum. Thus, isoprenoid alcohols such as isopentenol (C5), geraniol (C10), and farnesol (C15) have been considered to be ideal biofuel candidates. NudB, a native phosphatase of Escherichia coli, is reported to dephosphorylate isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) into isopentenol. However, no attention has been paid to its promiscuous activity toward longer chain length (C10-C15) prenyl diphosphates. RESULTS In this study, the promiscuous activity of NudB toward geranyl diphosphate (GPP) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) was applied for the production of isoprenoid alcohol mixtures, including isopentenol, geraniol, and farnesol, and their derivatives. E. coli was engineered to produce a mixture of C5 and C15 alcohols by overexpressing NudB (dihydroneopterin triphosphate diphosphohydrolase) and IspA (FPP synthase) along with a heterologous MVA pathway, which resulted in a total of up to 1652 mg/L mixture of C5 and C15 alcohols and their derivatives. The production was further increased to 2027 mg/L by overexpression of another endogenous phosphatase, AphA, in addition to NudB. Production of DMAPP- and FPP-derived alcohols and their derivatives was significantly increased with an increase in the gene dosage of idi, encoding IPP isomerase (IDI), indicating a potential modulation of the composition of the alcohols mixture according to the expression level of IDI. When IspA was replaced with its mutant IspA*, generating GPP in the production strain, a total of 1418 mg/L of the isoprenoid mixture was obtained containing C10 alcohols as a main component. CONCLUSIONS The promiscuous activity of NudB was newly identified and successfully used for production of isoprenoid-based alcohol mixtures, which are suitable as next-generation biofuels or commodity chemicals. This is the first successful report on high-titer production of an isoprenoid alcohol-based mixture. The engineering approaches can provide a valuable platform for production of other isoprenoid mixtures via a proportional modulation of IPP, DMAPP, GPP, and FPP syntheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bakht Zada
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Chonglong Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Bin Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Eon Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Hawaibam Birla Singh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Won Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ker DS, Pang SL, Othman NF, Kumaran S, Tan EF, Krishnan T, Chan KG, Othman R, Hassan M, Ng CL. Purification and biochemical characterization of recombinant Persicaria minor β-sesquiphellandrene synthase. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2961. [PMID: 28265494 PMCID: PMC5333544 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesquiterpenes are 15-carbon terpenes synthesized by sesquiterpene synthases using farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as a substrate. Recently, a sesquiterpene synthase gene that encodes a 65 kDa protein was isolated from the aromatic plant Persicaria minor. Here, we report the expression, purification and characterization of recombinant P. minor sesquiterpene synthase protein (PmSTS). Insights into the catalytic active site were further provided by structural analysis guided by multiple sequence alignment. METHODS The enzyme was purified in two steps using affinity and size exclusion chromatography. Enzyme assays were performed using the malachite green assay and enzymatic product was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Sequence analysis of PmSTS was performed using multiple sequence alignment (MSA) against plant sesquiterpene synthase sequences. The homology model of PmSTS was generated using I-TASSER server. RESULTS Our findings suggest that the recombinant PmSTS is mainly expressed as inclusion bodies and soluble aggregate in the E. coli protein expression system. However, the addition of 15% (v/v) glycerol to the protein purification buffer and the removal of N-terminal 24 amino acids of PmSTS helped to produce homogenous recombinant protein. Enzyme assay showed that recombinant PmSTS is active and specific to the C15 substrate FPP. The optimal temperature and pH for the recombinant PmSTS are 30 °C and pH 8.0, respectively. The GC-MS analysis further showed that PmSTS produces β-sesquiphellandrene as a major product and β-farnesene as a minor product. MSA analysis revealed that PmSTS adopts a modified conserved metal binding motif (NSE/DTE motif). Structural analysis suggests that PmSTS may binds to its substrate similarly to other plant sesquiterpene synthases. DISCUSSION The study has revealed that homogenous PmSTS protein can be obtained with the addition of glycerol in the protein buffer. The N-terminal truncation dramatically improved the homogeneity of PmSTS during protein purification, suggesting that the disordered N-terminal region may have caused the formation of soluble aggregate. We further show that the removal of the N-terminus disordered region of PmSTS does not affect the product specificity. The optimal temperature, optimal pH, Km and kcat values of PmSTS suggests that PmSTS shares similar enzyme characteristics with other plant sesquiterpene synthases. The discovery of an altered conserved metal binding motif in PmSTS through MSA analysis shows that the NSE/DTE motif commonly found in terpene synthases is able to accommodate certain level of plasticity to accept variant amino acids. Finally, the homology structure of PmSTS that allows good fitting of substrate analog into the catalytic active site suggests that PmSTS may adopt a sesquiterpene biosynthesis mechanism similar to other plant sesquiterpene synthases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Sheng Ker
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Sze Lei Pang
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Noor Farhan Othman
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Sekar Kumaran
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Ee Fun Tan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Thiba Krishnan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Kok Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Roohaida Othman
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Chyan Leong Ng
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Seman-Kamarulzaman AF, Mohamed-Hussein ZA, Ng CL, Hassan M. Novel NAD+-Farnesal Dehydrogenase from Polygonum minus Leaves. Purification and Characterization of Enzyme in Juvenile Hormone III Biosynthetic Pathway in Plant. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161707. [PMID: 27560927 PMCID: PMC4999093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile Hormone III is of great concern due to negative effects on major developmental and reproductive maturation in insect pests. Thus, the elucidation of enzymes involved JH III biosynthetic pathway has become increasing important in recent years. One of the enzymes in the JH III biosynthetic pathway that remains to be isolated and characterized is farnesal dehydrogenase, an enzyme responsible to catalyze the oxidation of farnesal into farnesoic acid. A novel NAD+-farnesal dehydrogenase of Polygonum minus was purified (315-fold) to apparent homogeneity in five chromatographic steps. The purification procedures included Gigacap S-Toyopearl 650M, Gigacap Q-Toyopearl 650M, and AF-Blue Toyopearl 650ML, followed by TSK Gel G3000SW chromatographies. The enzyme, with isoelectric point of 6.6 is a monomeric enzyme with a molecular mass of 70 kDa. The enzyme was relatively active at 40°C, but was rapidly inactivated above 45°C. The optimal temperature and pH of the enzyme were found to be 35°C and 9.5, respectively. The enzyme activity was inhibited by sulfhydryl agent, chelating agent, and metal ion. The enzyme was highly specific for farnesal and NAD+. Other terpene aldehydes such as trans- cinnamaldehyde, citral and α- methyl cinnamaldehyde were also oxidized but in lower activity. The Km values for farnesal, citral, trans- cinnamaldehyde, α- methyl cinnamaldehyde and NAD+ were 0.13, 0.69, 0.86, 1.28 and 0.31 mM, respectively. The putative P. minus farnesal dehydrogenase that’s highly specific towards farnesal but not to aliphatic aldehydes substrates suggested that the enzyme is significantly different from other aldehyde dehydrogenases that have been reported. The MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS spectrometry further identified two peptides that share similarity to those of previously reported aldehyde dehydrogenases. In conclusion, the P. minus farnesal dehydrogenase may represent a novel plant farnesal dehydrogenase that exhibits distinctive substrate specificity towards farnesal. Thus, it was suggested that this novel enzyme may be functioning specifically to oxidize farnesal in the later steps of JH III pathway. This report provides a basic understanding for recombinant production of this particular enzyme. Other strategies such as adding His-tag to the protein makes easy the purification of the protein which is completely different to the native protein. Complete sequence, structure and functional analysis of the enzyme will be important for developing insect-resistant crop plants by deployment of transgenic plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chyan Leong Ng
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|