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Lin L, Guo H, Batool W, Lin L, Cao J, An Q, Aliyu SR, Bao J, Wang Z, Norvienyeku J. Translocon Subunits of the COP9 Signalosome Complex Are a Central Hub for Regulating Multiple Photoresponsive Processes and Autophagic Flux in Magnaporthe oryzae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39319468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Photodependent processes, including circadian rhythm, autophagy, ubiquitination, neddylation/deneddylation, and metabolite biosynthesis, profoundly influence microbial pathogenesis. Although a photomorphogenesis signalosome (COP9/CSN) has been identified, the mechanism by which this large complex contributes to the pathophysiological processes in filamentous fungi remains unclear. Here, we identified eight CSN complex subunits in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and functionally characterized the translocon subunits containing a nuclear export or localization signal (NES/NLS). Targeted gene replacement of these CSN subunits, including MoCSN3, MoCSN5, MoCSN6, MoCSN7, and MoCSN12, attenuated vegetative growth and conidiation and rendered the deletion strains nonpathogenic. MoCSN7 deletion significantly suppressed arachidonic acid catabolism, and compromised cell wall integrity in M. oryzae. Surprisingly, we also discovered that MoCSN subunits, particularly MoCsn7, are required for the cAMP-dependent regulation of autophagic flux. Therefore, MoCSN significantly contributes to morphological, physiological, and pathogenic differentiation in M. oryzae by fostering cross-talk between multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hengyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Wajjiha Batool
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Lianyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaying Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuli An
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Sami Rukaiya Aliyu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- The Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
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Chen J, Yu H, Liu H, Yu H, Liang S, Wu Q, Zhang X, Zeng R, Diao L. Causal relationship between immune cells and epilepsy mediated by metabolites analyzed through Mendelian randomization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19644. [PMID: 39179617 PMCID: PMC11343848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study investigated the causal relationship between immune cells, metabolites, and epilepsy using two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) and mediation MR analysis of 731 immune cell traits and 1400 metabolites. Our core methodology centered on inverse-variance weighted MR, supplemented by other methods. This approach was crucial in clarifying the potential intermediary functions of metabolites in the genetic links between traits of immune cells and epilepsy. We found a causal relationship between immune cells and epilepsy. Specifically, the genetically predicted levels of CD64 on CD14-CD16- are positively correlated with the risk of epilepsy (p < 0.001, OR = 1.0826, 95% CI 1.0361-1.1312). Similarly, metabolites also exhibit a causal relationship with both immune cells (OR = 1.0438, 95% CI 1.0087-1.0801, p = 0.0140) and epilepsy (p = 0.0334, OR = 1.0897, 95% CI 1.0068-1.1795), and sensitivity analysis was conducted to further validate these relationships. Importantly, our intermediate MR results suggest that the metabolite Paraxanthine to linoleate (18:2n6) ratio may mediate the causal relationship between immune cell CD64 on CD14-CD16- and epilepsy, with a mediation effect of 5.05%. The results suggest the importance of specific immune cell levels and metabolites in understanding epilepsy's pathogenesis, which is significant for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Chen
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Haichun Yu
- Guangxi Technological College of Machinery and Electricity, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Huihua Liu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Brain Hospital, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Han Yu
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Nanning Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Xin Yang Central Hospital, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Brain Hospital, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Limei Diao
- Department of Neurology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Brain Hospital, Liuzhou, 545005, China.
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, China.
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Li H, Ji S, Yuan X, Li Y, Kaneko G, Sun J, Ji H. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) improves grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) muscle development and nutritive value by activating the mTOR signaling pathway. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:687-703. [PMID: 38285408 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the mainly edible part of fish. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a crucial nutrient for fish. This study investigated the effect of EPA on the muscle development of grass carp along with the potential molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Muscle cells treated with 50 μM EPA in vitro showed the elevated proliferation, and the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway-related genes was upregulated (P < 0.05). In vivo experiments, 270 grass carp (27.92 g) were fed with one of the three experimental diets for 56 days: control diet (CN), 0.3% EPA-supplement diet (EPA), and the diet supplemented with 0.3% EPA and 30 mg/kg rapamycin (EPA + Rap). Fish weight gain rate (WGR) was improved in EPA group (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the viscerosomatic index (VSI) and body height (BH) among all groups (P > 0.05), whereas the carcass ratio (CR) and body length in the EPA group were obviously higher than those of other groups (P < 0.05), indicating that the increase of WGR was due to muscle growth. In addition, both muscle fiber density and muscle crude protein also increased in EPA group (P < 0.05). The principal component analysis showed that total weight of muscle amino acid in EPA group ranked first. Dietary EPA also increased protein levels of the total mTOR, S6k1, Myhc, Myog, and Myod in muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, EPA promoted the muscle development and nutritive value via activating the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Shanghong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiangtong Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Gen Kaneko
- College of Natural and Applied Science, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shanxi, China.
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Luo M, Zhu W, Liang Z, Feng B, Xie X, Li Y, Liu Y, Shi X, Fu J, Miao L, Dong Z. High-temperature stress response: Insights into the molecular regulation of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) using a multi-omics approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170329. [PMID: 38280591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
High temperature is an important abiotic stressor that limits the survival and growth of aquatic organisms. American shad (Alosa sapidissima), a migratory fish suitable for culturing at low temperatures, is known for its delicious taste and thus has high economic value. Studies concerning changes in A. sapidissima under high temperature are limited, especially at the gene expression and protein levels. High-temperature stress significantly reduced the survival rates and increased vacuolar degeneration and inflammatory infiltration in the gills and liver. High temperature increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and cortisol, with a trend of initial increase followed by decreases in MDA, ALP, and LDH, and irregular changes in T-AOC and Na-K-ATPase. Comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome of gills from fish treated with different culture temperatures (24, 27, and 30 °C) revealed that differentially expressed genes, proteins, and metabolites were highly enriched in pathways involved in protein digestion and absorption, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, metabolic pathways, and purine metabolism. Gene expression and protein profiles indicated that genes coding for antioxidants (i.e., cat and alpl) and members of the heat shock protein (i.e., HSP70, HSP90AA1, and HSP5) were significantly upregulated. Additionally, a conjoint analysis revealed that several key enzymes, including nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2, adenosine deaminase, and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5/6 were altered, thereby affecting the metabolism of guanosine, guanine, and inosine. An interaction network further confirmed that levels of the essential amino acids DL-arginine and L-histidine were significantly reduced, and corticosterone levels were significantly increased, suggesting that A. sapidissima may be more dependent on amino acids for energy in vivo. Overall, this work suggests that living in a high-temperature environment leads to differential defense responses in fishes. The results provide novel perspectives for studying the molecular basis of adaptation to climate change in A. sapidissima and for genetic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengyuan Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingbing Feng
- Fisheries Technology Extension Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- Zhenjiang Xinrun Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiulan Shi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linghong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaijie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Fokina NN, Sukhovskaya IV, Kantserova NP, Lysenko LA. Tissue Lipid Profiles of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Cultivated under Environmental Variables on a Diet Supplemented with Dihydroquercetin and Arabinogalactan. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:94. [PMID: 38200824 PMCID: PMC10778423 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Reared rainbow trout are vulnerable to environmental stressors, in particular seasonal water warming, which affects fish welfare and growth and induces a temperature response, which involves modifications in tissue lipid profiles. Dietary supplements of plant origin, including the studied mix of a flavonoid, dihydroquercetin and a polysaccharide, arabinogalactan (25 and 50 mg per 1 kg of feed, respectively), extracted from larch wood waste, were shown to facilitate stress tolerance in fish and also to be beneficial for the safety of natural ecosystems and the sustainability of aquaculture production. This four-month feeding trial aimed to determine the effects of the supplement on liver and muscle lipid accumulation and the composition in rainbow trout reared under environmental variables. During periods of environmental optimum for trout, a consistent increase in energy lipid stores, particularly triacylglycerols (2.18 vs. 1.49-fold over a growing season), and an overall increase in lipid saturation due to lower levels of PUFAs, such as eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) and arachidonic (20:4n-6) acids, were observed in both control and supplement-fed fish, respectively. However, in fish stressed by an increase in ambient temperature, dietary supplementation with dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan reduced mortality (3.65 in control vs. 2.88% in supplement-fed fish, p < 0.05) and alleviated the high-temperature-induced inhibition of lipid accumulation. It also stabilised the membrane phospholipid ratio and moderated the fatty acid composition of fish muscle and liver, resulting in higher levels of n-3 PUFAs and their precursors. Thus, the natural compounds tested are beneficial in accelerating fish tolerance to environmental stressors, reducing mortality and thermal response, and moderately improving fillet quality attributes by increasing the protein/lipid ratio and the abundance of fatty acids essential for human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadezhda P. Kantserova
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia; (N.N.F.); (I.V.S.); (L.A.L.)
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Liu S, Chen S, Lu C, Qi D, Qi H, Wang Y, Zhao K, Tian F. Fatty acid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in Gymnocypris przewalskii (Kessler, 1876) response to thermal stress. J Therm Biol 2023; 116:103650. [PMID: 37459706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is undergoing a wet-warming transition, which could affect the survival of the native fish. However, the tolerance and physiological response to thermal stress is rarely studied in Gymnocypris przewalskii, a rare native fish in the Tibetan plateau. In this study, first, we detected the thermal tolerance of five groups of six-month G. przewalskii which acclimated at 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 °C for two weeks, respectively, by critical thermal methodology. Then, through heat challenge, we detected the metabolites, key enzyme activities, and gene expressions involved in metabolism and antioxidant in the hepatopancreas when the temperatures increased from 16 °C to 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 °C for 12 h, respectively. The results showed that although the fish are sensitive to high temperatures, the quick acclimation at mild high temperatures could significantly improve the tolerance to acute high-temperature stress in juvenile G. przewalskii. During the heat challenge study, blood glucose significantly increased at heat stress (P < 0.05). At the same time, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) significantly decreased when the temperature rose continuously to 20 °C. Metabolic enzyme activities of carnitine palmityl transferase I (CPT-Ⅰ), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) significantly decreased at 20 °C (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) significantly increased at 20 °C (P < 0.05). The relative transcript levels of genes involved in antioxidant and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were markedly higher than the control at 20-26 °C (P < 0.05). The genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis or metabolism showed different expression patterns under heat stress. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and Hsp90 were significantly higher than the control at 18 °C and 26 °C, respectively. These results confirmed the prediction that G. przewalskii is sensitive to high temperatures, so conservation efforts should pay more attention to the warming damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Shengxue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Chunna Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Delin Qi
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding and Protection of Gymnocypris Przewalskii, Qinghai Naked Carp Rescue Center, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Hongfang Qi
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding and Protection of Gymnocypris Przewalskii, Qinghai Naked Carp Rescue Center, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding and Protection of Gymnocypris Przewalskii, Qinghai Naked Carp Rescue Center, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China.
| | - Fei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China.
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Siciliani D, Kortner TM, Berge GM, Hansen AK, Krogdahl Å. Effects of dietary lipid level and environmental temperature on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver, and choline requirement in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L) parr. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e61. [PMID: 37252685 PMCID: PMC10214143 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline was recently established as an essential nutrient for Atlantic salmon at all life stages. Choline deficiency is manifested as an excessive accumulation of dietary fat within the intestinal enterocytes, a condition known as steatosis. Most of today's plant-based salmon feeds will be choline-deficient unless choline is supplemented. Choline's role in lipid transport suggests that choline requirement may depend on factors such as dietary lipid level and environmental temperature. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate whether lipid level and water temperature can affect steatosis symptoms, and thereby choline requirement in Atlantic salmon. Four choline-deficient plant-based diets were formulated differing in lipid level of 16, 20, 25 and 28 % and fed to salmon of 25 g initial weight in duplicate tanks per diet at two different environmental temperatures: 8 and 15 °C. After 8 weeks of feeding, samples of blood, tissue and gut content from six fish per tank were collected, for analyses of histomorphological, biochemical and molecular biomarkers of steatosis and choline requirement. Increasing lipid level did not affect growth rate but increased relative weight and lipid content of the pyloric caeca and histological symptoms of intestinal steatosis and decreased fish yield. Elevation of the water temperature from 8 to 15 °C, increased growth rate, relative weight of the pyloric caeca, and the histological symptoms of steatosis seemed to become more severe. We conclude that dietary lipid level, as well as environmental temperature, affect choline requirement to a magnitude of importance for fish biology and health, and for fish yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Siciliani
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Trond M. Kortner
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Vo TTM, Tran TD, Amoroso G, Ventura T, Elizur A. Analysis of carotenoids and fatty acid compositions in Atlantic salmon exposed to elevated temperatures and displaying flesh color loss. Food Chem 2023; 417:135867. [PMID: 36934706 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Tasmanian-farmed Atlantic salmon populations exhibit starvation followed by a reduced growth rate alongside reduced flesh pigmentation in response to elevated summer temperatures, which at times can exceed their optimum threshold. Here we investigated fatty acids and carotenoids of Atlantic salmon displaying three different flesh color phenotypes, using metabolomic and chemical analyses of lipids and pigments in six key tissues. Astaxanthin is mainly responsible for flesh pigmentation, while canthaxanthin is associated with carotenoid catabolism in the liver, as our findings indicate. Reduced flesh pigmentation correlated with lower levels of carotenoids across all tested tissues and clear evidence of a correlation between carotenoid and fatty acid levels in all detected fatty acid classes was observed. The reduced growth performance and flesh pigmentation are most likely due to the impact of varying levels of starvation on fatty acids and carotenoid profiles supporting the link between carotenoids and fatty acid metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Thi Minh Vo
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia; School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia.
| | - Trong Duc Tran
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia; School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia.
| | - Gianluca Amoroso
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia; School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia.
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia.
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Colombo SM, Budge SM, Hall JR, Kornicer J, White N. Atlantic salmon adapt to low dietary n-3 PUFA and warmer water temperatures by increasing feed intake and expression of n-3 biosynthesis-related transcripts. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:39-60. [PMID: 36522560 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can have cascading impacts on biochemical reactions in aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic ectotherms can adapt to surrounding temperatures by using long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) to maintain cell membrane fluidity. In a warming scenario, less LC-PUFA is needed to maintain fluidity. Our objective was to determine the impact of low dietary LC-PUFA and warm water temperature on growth, fatty acid (FA) storage, and expression of lipid metabolism-related transcripts in Atlantic salmon. Salmon (141 g) were fed two diets (high or low LC-PUFA) at either 12 °C or 16 °C for 16 weeks. Salmon weighed more and consumed more food at 16 °C and when fed the low-LC-PUFA diet. Liver and muscle FA mostly depended on diet rather than temperature. DHA in muscle was higher at 16 °C and in salmon fed the high-LC-PUFA diet. Levels of FA desaturation transcripts were more highly expressed at 16 °C and in salmon fed the low-LC-PUFA diet, which suggests synthesis of LC-PUFA. Overall, with slow, chronic temperature increases, salmon may adapt to low dietary LC-PUFA by synthesizing more when required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M Colombo
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 58 Sipu Awti, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Suzanne M Budge
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Ocean Sciences Centre, St. John's, NL, A1C5S7, Canada
| | - Jovana Kornicer
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nolan White
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 58 Sipu Awti, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
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Fuller N, Magnuson JT, Huff Hartz KE, Whitledge GW, Acuña S, McGruer V, Schlenk D, Lydy MJ. Dietary exposure to environmentally relevant pesticide mixtures impairs swimming performance and lipid homeostatic gene expression in Juvenile Chinook salmon at elevated water temperatures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120308. [PMID: 36181938 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are exposed to complex mixtures of pesticides in the environment, but traditional risk assessment approaches typically only consider individual compounds. In conjunction with exposure to pesticide mixtures, global climate change is anticipated to alter thermal regimes of waterways, leading to potential co-exposure of biota to elevated temperatures and contaminants. Furthermore, most studies utilize aqueous exposures, whereas the dietary route of exposure may be more important for fish owing to the hydrophobicity of many pesticides. Consequently, the current study aimed to determine the effects of elevated temperatures and dietary pesticide mixtures on swimming performance and lipid metabolism of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Fish were fed pesticide-dosed pellets at three concentrations and three temperatures (11, 14 and 17 °C) for 14 days and swimming performance (Umax) and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and energetics were assessed (ATP citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, farnesoid x receptor and liver x receptor). The low-pesticide pellet treatment contained five pesticides, p,p'-DDE, bifenthrin, esfenvalerate, chlorpyrifos and fipronil at concentrations based on prey items collected from the Sacramento River (CA, USA) watershed, with the high-pesticide pellet treatment containing a six times higher dose. Temperature exacerbated effects of pesticide exposure on swimming performance, with significant reductions in Umax of 31 and 23% in the low and high-pesticide pellet groups relative to controls at 17 °C, but no significant differences in Umax among pesticide concentrations at 11 or 14 °C. At 14 °C there was a significant positive relationship between juvenile Chinook salmon pesticide body residues and expression of ATP citrate lyase and fatty acid synthase, but an inverse relationship and significant downregulation at 17 °C. These findings suggest that temperature may modulate effects of environmentally relevant pesticide exposure on salmon, and that pesticide-induced impairment of swimming performance may be exacerbated under future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Fuller
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences; Department of Zoology; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale, Illinois, 62901, USA
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of California, Riverside; Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Kara E Huff Hartz
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences; Department of Zoology; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale, Illinois, 62901, USA
| | - Gregory W Whitledge
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences; Department of Zoology; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale, Illinois, 62901, USA
| | - Shawn Acuña
- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Victoria McGruer
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of California, Riverside; Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of California, Riverside; Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences; Department of Zoology; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale, Illinois, 62901, USA.
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11
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Kocherlakota C, Nagaraju B, Arjun N, Srinath A, Kothapalli KSD, Brenna JT. Inhalation of nebulized omega-3 fatty acids mitigate LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in rats: Implications for treatment of COPD and COVID-19. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 179:102426. [PMID: 35381532 PMCID: PMC8964507 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many current treatment options for lung inflammation and thrombosis come with unwanted side effects. The natural omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) are generally anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic. O3FA are always administered orally and occasionally by intravenous (IV) infusion. The main goal of this study is to determine if O3FA administered by inhalation of a nebulized formulation mitigates LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in male Wistar rats. Inflammation was triggered by intraperitoneal injection of LPS once a day for 14 days. One hour post-injection, rats received nebulized treatments consisting of egg lecithin emulsified O3, Budesonide and Montelukast, and blends of O3 and Melatonin or Montelukast or Cannabidiol; O3 was in the form of free fatty acids for all groups except one group with ethyl esters. Lung histology and cytokines were determined in n = 3 rats per group at day 8 and day 15. All groups had alveolar histiocytosis severity scores half or less than that of the disease control (Cd) treated with LPS and saline only inhalation. IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 were attenuated in all O3FA groups. IL-1β was attenuated in most but not all O3 groups. O3 administered as ethyl ester was overall most effective in mitigating LPS effects. No evidence of lipid pneumonia or other chronic distress was observed. These preclinical data suggest that O3FA formulations should be further investigated as treatments in lung inflammation and thrombosis related lung disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and acute respiratory distress such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Banda Nagaraju
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Narala Arjun
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Akula Srinath
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Kumar S D Kothapalli
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, United States.
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, United States.
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12
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Hong J, Bledsoe JW, Overturf KE, Lee S, Iassonova D, Small BC. LatitudeTM Oil as a Sustainable Alternative to Dietary Fish Oil in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Effects on Filet Fatty Acid Profiles, Intestinal Histology, and Plasma Biochemistry. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.837628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Latitude™ oil (transgenic canola) fed to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, for 52 weeks on growth performance, non-specific immune responses, histology, and filet omega-3 fatty acid content. Latitude™ oil (LO) has high lipid digestibility (93%), and contains omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3). Three isonitrogenous (49%), isolipidic (20%) and isocaloric (24.2 MJ kg−1) diets differing by lipid source (0, 8, or 16% LO, replacing fish oil and poultry fat) were fed over an entire production cycle beginning with 19 g juvenile fish. At the end of the 52-week feeding trial, final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed 8% LO (LO-8) and 16% LO (LO-16) diets were significantly higher than those fed the 0% LO (LO-0) diet (P < 0.05). Phagocytic respiratory burst in fish fed the LO-16 diet was significantly higher than those fish fed the other 2 diets (P < 0.05). There were no differences in superoxide dismutase, catalase and lysozyme. Histological examination of the distal intestine indicated reduced inflammation in fish fed the LO-8 diet but not the LO-0 and LO-16 diets. Filet DHA content of fish fed the LO-8 and LO-16 diets were similar to those of fish fed the LO-0 diet. As these diets had lower DHA content, this suggests dietary EPA and DPA from LO was converted to DHA and deposited in the filet. This is supported by increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid elongation, desaturation and beta oxidation in both liver and muscle of fish fed LO (P < 0.05). Total EPA+DHA content of the edible filet ranged between 1,079–1,241 mg 100 g−1 across treatments, each providing the recommended daily intake for human consumption (500–1,000 mg day−1). Overall, this study demonstrated that LO fed over an entire production period is a highly digestible lipid source suitable and sustainable for meeting the fatty acid requirements of rainbow trout, as well as consumer expectations for filet omega-3 fatty acid content.
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13
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Evaluation of Nutritional Composition of Pure Filamentous Fungal Biomass as a Novel Ingredient for Fish Feed. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of aquaculture and the lack of fish meal demand new sustainable ingredients. Although fungal biomass is found to be a promising sustainable fish feed supplementation candidate, the characteristics of this protein-rich source are closely influenced by the quality of the applied growth medium. In this work, the nutritional properties of pure filamentous fungal biomass provided from the cultivation of Aspergillus oryzae, Neurospora intermedia and Rhzopus oryzae were evaluated to assess their potential as alternative novel protein sources in fish feed. In this regard, fungal biomass yields of up to 0.19 ± 0.005 (g dry biomass/g substrate glucose) were obtained during submerged cultivation of fungal strains. The pure fungal biomass acquired could contain significant amounts of protein up to 62.2 ± 1.2% (w/w). The obtained protein had a high quality with notable inclusion of essential amino acids such as lysine, arginine, methionine and threonine with comparable concentrations to those of fish meal. Fungal biomass is mainly considered as protein source, however, entitlement of 6.9 ± 0.5, 4.0 ± 0.7 and 17.2 ± 1.1% (w/w) of lipids and ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) of 1.37:1, 1.74:1 and 1.47:1 in A. oryzae, N. intermedia and R. oryzae, respectively, signal health benefits for the fish. Considering the results, protein-rich pure fungal biomass with amino acid composition is greatly compatible with fish meal, and contains essential nutrients such as fatty acids and minerals. This pure biomass constitutes a promising sustainable alternative supplement to be introduced in fish feed industry.
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14
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Balbuena-Pecino S, Riera-Heredia N, Gasch-Navalón E, Sánchez-Moya A, Fontanillas R, Gutiérrez J, Navarro I, Capilla E. Musculoskeletal Growth Modulation in Gilthead Sea Bream Juveniles Reared at High Water Temperature and Fed with Palm and Rapeseed Oils-Based Diets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020260. [PMID: 33494202 PMCID: PMC7909841 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The upward trend of seawater temperature has encouraged improving the knowledge of its consequences on fish, considering also the development of diets including vegetable ingredients as an approach to achieve a more sustainable aquaculture. This study aims to determine the effects on musculoskeletal growth of: (1) a high-water temperature of 28 °C (versus 21 °C) in gilthead sea bream juveniles (Sparus aurata) fed with a diet rich in palm oil and, (2) feeding the fish reared at 28 °C with two other diets containing rapeseed oil or an equilibrated combination of both vegetable oils. Somatic parameters and mRNA levels of growth hormone-insulin-like growth factors (GH-IGFs) axis-, osteogenic-, myogenic-, lipid metabolism- and oxidative stress-related genes in vertebra bone and/or white muscle are analyzed. Overall, the data indicate that high-water rearing temperature in this species leads to different adjustments through modulating the gene expression of members of the GH-IGFs axis (down-regulating igf-1, its receptors, and binding proteins) and also, to bone turnover (reducing the resorption-activity genes cathepsin K (ctsk) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp9)) to achieve harmonic musculoskeletal growth. Moreover, the combination of palm and rapeseed oils seems to be the most beneficial at high-water rearing temperature for both balanced somatic growth and muscular fatty acid uptake and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Balbuena-Pecino
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (N.R.-H.); (E.G.-N.); (A.S.-M.); (J.G.); (I.N.)
| | - Natàlia Riera-Heredia
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (N.R.-H.); (E.G.-N.); (A.S.-M.); (J.G.); (I.N.)
| | - Esther Gasch-Navalón
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (N.R.-H.); (E.G.-N.); (A.S.-M.); (J.G.); (I.N.)
| | - Albert Sánchez-Moya
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (N.R.-H.); (E.G.-N.); (A.S.-M.); (J.G.); (I.N.)
| | | | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (N.R.-H.); (E.G.-N.); (A.S.-M.); (J.G.); (I.N.)
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (N.R.-H.); (E.G.-N.); (A.S.-M.); (J.G.); (I.N.)
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.-P.); (N.R.-H.); (E.G.-N.); (A.S.-M.); (J.G.); (I.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934039634
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15
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Betancor M, MacEwan A, Sprague M, Gong X, Montero D, Han L, Napier J, Norambuena F, Izquierdo M, Tocher D. Oil from transgenic Camelina sativa as a source of EPA and DHA in feed for European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax L.). AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 530:735759. [PMID: 33456090 PMCID: PMC7729833 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture, the fastest growing food production sector cannot continue to rely on finite stocks of marine fish as the primary source of the omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), for feeds. A four-month feeding trial was conducted to investigate the impact of a de novo oil, with high levels of EPA and DHA, obtained from transgenic Camelina sativa on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profiles, and expression of lipid metabolism genes when used as a replacement for fish oil in feed for European seabass (Dicentrachus labrax). Triplicate groups of 50 juvenile fish (initial weight 16.7 ± 0.92 g) per tank were fed for 4 months with one of three isolipidic and isoproteic experimental diets consisting of a standard diet containing a commercial blend of fish oil and rapeseed oil (CFO), a diet containing transgenic Camelina oil (TCO), or a blend of fish oil and rapeseed oil with enhanced levels of EPA and DHA (EFO) formulated to match the n-3 LC-PUFA profile of the TCO feed. Final weight of fish fed the GM-derived oil was not different to fish fed either CFO or EFO. Slight lower growth performance of fish fed TCO at the beginning of the trial was related to transient reduced feed intake, possibly caused by glucosinolates in the raw Camelina sativa oil. The GM-derived oil improved the nutritional quality of the fish fillet by enhancing total n-3 PUFA levels compared to the fish fed the other two feeds, and maintained flesh EPA and DHA at the same levels as in fish fed the diets containing fish oil. The metabolic response in liver and intestine was generally relatively mild although diets TCO and EFO seemed to trigger a metabolic response consisting of an up-regulation of both β-oxidation (cpt1a) and fatty acid transport (fabp1), possibly reflecting higher levels of LC-PUFA. Overall, the present study indicated that an oil of terrestrial origin, Camelina sativa, when engineered to contain high levels of EPA and DHA can replace fish oil in feeds for European seabass with no detrimental impact on growth or feed efficiency, while also maintaining or increasing tissue n-3 LC-PUFA contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.B. Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - A. MacEwan
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - M. Sprague
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - X. Gong
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - D. Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - L. Han
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - J.A. Napier
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - F. Norambuena
- Biomar AS, Havnegata 9, Pirsenteret 3, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - M. Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - D.R. Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
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16
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Salin K, Mathieu-Resuge M, Graziano N, Dubillot E, Le Grand F, Soudant P, Vagner M. The relationship between membrane fatty acid content and mitochondrial efficiency differs within- and between- omega-3 dietary treatments. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105205. [PMID: 33310641 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An important, but underappreciated, consequence of climate change is the reduction in crucial nutrient production at the base of the marine food chain: the long-chain omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA). This can have dramatic consequences on consumers, such as fish as they have limited capacity to synthesise n-3 HUFA de novo. The n-3 HUFA, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), are critical for the structure and function of all biological membranes. There is increasing evidence that fish will be badly affected by reductions in n-3 HUFA dietary availability, however the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Hypotheses for how mitochondrial function should change with dietary n-3 HUFA availability have generally ignored ATP production, despite its importance to a cell's total energetics capacity, and in turn, whole-animal performance. Here we (i) quantified individual variation in mitochondrial efficiency (ATP/O ratio) of muscle and (ii) examined its relationship with content in EPA and DHA in muscle membrane of a primary consumer fish, the golden grey mullet Chelon auratus, receiving either a high or low n-3 HUFA diet. Mitochondria of fish fed on the low n-3 HUFA diet had higher ATP/O ratio than those of fish maintained on the high n-3 HUFA diet. Yet, mitochondrial efficiency varied up about 2-fold among individuals on the same dietary treatment, resulting in some fish consuming half the oxygen and energy substrate to produce the similar amount of ATP than conspecific on similar diet. This variation in mitochondrial efficiency among individuals from the same diet treatment was related to individual differences in fatty acid composition of the membranes: a high ATP/O ratio was associated with a high content in EPA and DHA in biological membranes. Our results highlight the existence of interindividual differences in mitochondrial efficiency and its potential importance in explaining intraspecific variation in response to food chain changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Margaux Mathieu-Resuge
- WasserCluster Lunz - Inter-University Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5 A-3293 Lunz Am See, Austria
| | - Nicolas Graziano
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France; UMR 7266 LIENSs, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Soudant
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Marie Vagner
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France; UMR 7266 LIENSs, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges 17000 La Rochelle, France
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17
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Xu H, Turchini GM, Francis DS, Liang M, Mock TS, Rombenso A, Ai Q. Are fish what they eat? A fatty acid’s perspective. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Transcriptional responses in newly-hatched Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) associated with developmental malformations following diluted bitumen exposure. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 35:100685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Wang X, Huang Z, Wang C, Qi C, Gu Z, Li E, Qin JG, Chen L. A Comparative Study on Growth and Metabolism of Eriocheir sinensis Juveniles Under Chronically Low and High pH Stress. Front Physiol 2020; 11:885. [PMID: 32792987 PMCID: PMC7385324 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study elucidates the effects of chronic pH stress on the growth and metabolic response of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Crabs were exposed under normal pH (control, pH = 8.0 ± 0.20), low pH (pH = 6.5 ± 0.20), and high pH (pH = 9.5 ± 0.20) in an 8-week trial. Both low and high pH suppressed weight gain but low pH had more adverse effects. No difference was observed on survival, crude lipid, and protein. Acidic stress significantly reduced protein efficiency. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content in hepatopancreas was highest at low pH. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in hepatopancreas and total hemocyte counts (THC) in the stress groups were higher than that in the control. Crabs under high pH had the highest ACP and AKP activities, but there was no significant difference between the control and low pH groups. In the transcriptome analysis, 500.0M clean reads were obtained from the control, low pH, and high pH groups, and assembled into 83,025 transcripts. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were analyzed to obtain the significantly changed pathways involving differently expressed genes. Ten and eight pathways in metabolism were significantly changed in low pH vs control and high pH vs control groups, respectively. According to the reported functions of these pathways, most of them participated in carbohydrate metabolism. The metabolism pathway analysis indicates the increases of stress resistance, glucose metabolism, and molting activities under chronically pH stress. This study suggests that low pH has more negative impact on crab growth, and oxidative phosphorylation is the main source of energy source under low pH stress, while aerobic glycolysis supplies most energy under high pH stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changle Qi
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Erchao Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jian G Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Balbuena-Pecino S, Riera-Heredia N, Vélez EJ, Gutiérrez J, Navarro I, Riera-Codina M, Capilla E. Temperature Affects Musculoskeletal Development and Muscle Lipid Metabolism of Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:173. [PMID: 30967839 PMCID: PMC6439310 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
World population is expected to increase to approximately 9 thousand million people by 2050 with a consequent food security decline. Besides, climate change is a major challenge that humanity is facing, with a predicted rise in mean sea surface temperature of more than 2°C during this century. This study aims to determine whether a rearing temperature of 19, 24, or 28°C may influence musculoskeletal development and muscle lipid metabolism in gilthead sea bream juveniles. The expression of growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) system-, osteogenic-, myogenic-, and lipid metabolism-related genes in bone and/or white muscle of treated fish, and the in vitro viability, mineralization, and osteogenic genes expression in primary cultured cells derived from bone of the same fish were analyzed. The highest temperature significantly down-regulated igf-1, igf-2, the receptor igf-1ra, and the binding proteins igfbp-4 and igfbp-5b in bone, and in muscle, igf-1 and igf-1ra, suggesting impaired musculoskeletal development. Concerning myogenic factors expression, contrary responses were observed, since the increase to 24°C significantly down-regulated myod1 and mrf4, while at 28°C myod2 and myogenin were significantly up-regulated. Moreover, in the muscle tissue, the expression of the fatty acid transporters cd36 and fabp11, and the lipases lipa and lpl-lk resulted significantly increased at elevated temperatures, whereas β-oxidation markers cpt1a and cpt1b were significantly reduced. Regarding the primary cultured bone-derived cells, a significant up-regulation of the extracellular matrix proteins on, op, and ocn expression was found with increased temperatures, together with a gradual decrease in mineralization along with fish rearing temperature. Overall, these results suggest that increasing water temperature in this species appears to induce unfavorable growth and development of bone and muscle, through modulating the expression of different members of the GH/IGFs axis, myogenic and osteogenic genes, while accelerating the utilization of lipids as an energy source, although less efficiently than at optimal temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Encarnación Capilla
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Stoneham TR, Kuhn DD, Taylor DP, Neilson AP, Smith SA, Gatlin DM, Chu HSS, O’Keefe SF. Production of omega-3 enriched tilapia through the dietary use of algae meal or fish oil: Improved nutrient value of fillet and offal. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194241. [PMID: 29641539 PMCID: PMC5894990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this project was to increase the nutrient value of fillets, by-product muscle, and offal of aquacultured tilapia. A diet that includes seafood with a high omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid content, more specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are known to have numerous health benefits for consumers. Improved nutrient value of the offal may also attract new market opportunities for the aquaculture industry. Tilapia were cultured on different experimental feeds that contained various levels of n-3 fatty acids from either fish oil (FO) or algae meal (AM) that were used to replace corn oil. The experimental diets included a control (corn oil 6.3%), FO1%, FO3%, FO5%, AM1.75%, AM5.26%, and AM8.77%. All diets were formulated to be isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and isolipid. Three hundred and fifty tilapia with an initial mean weight of 158±2 g were cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system (seven diets replicated at the tank level, 14 tanks, 25 fish per tank). For all of the production performance data, no differences (P>0.05) were observed between the experimental groups which included survival (overall mean ± standard error, 99.4±0.3%), growth per week (45.4±1.0 g/wk), food conversion ratio (1.32±0.03), fillet yield (44.4±0.2%), hepatosomatic index (1.61±0.02), viscerosomatic index (2.86±0.06), and mesenteric fat index (0.97±0.04). Fillet and rib meat tissues were collected at weeks four and eight, and liver and mesenteric fat tissues were collected at week eight. Fatty acids were extracted, methylated and identified with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. All tissues had improved fatty acid profiles (higher n-3, lower n-6, n-6:n-3) with increasing levels of FO and AM in the diet. For example, the best diet for significantly (P<0.05) improving the lipid profile in tilapia fillets at week eight was diet AM8.77%. In the fillet, total n-3 was increased (control versus AM8.77%) from 151.2±19.0 to 438.7±14.2 mg per 4 ounce (113 g) serving and n-6:n-3 ratio was improved from 5.19±0.76 to 1.29±0.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R. Stoneham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David D. Kuhn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel P. Taylor
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Neilson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Delbert M. Gatlin
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hyun Sik S. Chu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sean F. O’Keefe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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Fadhlaoui M, Pierron F, Couture P. Temperature and metal exposure affect membrane fatty acid composition and transcription of desaturases and elongases in fathead minnow muscle and brain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:632-643. [PMID: 29132009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that metal exposure affected the normal thermal response of cell membrane FA composition and of elongase and desaturase gene transcription levels. To this end, muscle and brain membrane FA composition and FA desaturase (fads2, degs2 and scd2) and elongase (elovl2, elovl5 and elovl6) gene transcription levels were analyzed in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) acclimated for eight weeks to 15, 25 or 30°C exposed or not to cadmium (Cd, 6μg/l) or nickel (Ni, 450 6μg/l). The response of membrane FA composition to temperature variations or metal exposure differed between muscle and brain. In muscle, an increase of temperature induced a decrease of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and an increase of saturated FA (SFA) in agreement with the current paradigm. Although a similar response was observed in brain between 15 and 25°C, at 30°C, brain membrane unsaturation was higher than predicted. In both tissues, metal exposure affected the normal thermal response of membrane FA composition. The transcription of desaturases and elongases was higher in the brain and varied with acclimation temperature and metal exposure but these variations did not generally reflect changes in membrane FA composition. The mismatch between gene transcription and membrane composition highlights that several levels of control other than gene transcription are involved in adjusting membrane FA composition, including post-transcriptional regulation of elongases and desaturases and de novo phospholipid biosynthesis. Our study also reveals that metal exposure affects the mechanisms involved in adjusting cell membrane FA composition in ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Fadhlaoui
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec QC Canada G1K 9A9
| | | | - Patrice Couture
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec QC Canada G1K 9A9.
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Comparative analysis of effects of dietary arachidonic acid and EPA on growth, tissue fatty acid composition, antioxidant response and lipid metabolism in juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:411-422. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451700215x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFour isonitrogenous and isoenergetic purified diets containing free arachidonic acid (ARA) or EPA (control group), 0·30 % ARA, 0·30 % EPA and 0·30 % ARA+EPA (equivalent) were designed to feed juvenile grass carp (10·21 (sd 0·10) g) for 10 weeks. Only the EPA group presented better growth performance compared with the control group (P<0·05). Dietary ARA and EPA were incorporated into polar lipids more than non-polar lipids in hepatopancreas but not intraperitoneal fat (IPF) tissue. Fish fed ARA and EPA showed an increase of serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and decrease of glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde contents (P<0·05). The hepatopancreatic TAG levels decreased both in ARA and EPA groups (P<0·05), accompanied by the decrease of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the ARA group (P<0·05). Fatty acid synthase (FAS), diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase and apoE gene expression in the hepatopancreas decreased in fish fed ARA and EPA, but only the ARA group exhibited increased mRNA level of adipose TAG lipase (ATGL) (P<0·05). Decreased IPF index and adipocyte sizes were found in the ARA group (P<0·05). Meanwhile, the ARA group showed decreased expression levels of adipogenic genes CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α, LPL and FAS, and increased levels of the lipid catabolic genes PPARα, ATGL, hormone-sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) in IPF, whereas the EPA group only increased PPARα and CPT-1 mRNA expression and showed less levels than the ARA group. Overall, dietary EPA is beneficial to the growth performance, whereas ARA is more potent in inducing lipolysis and inhibiting adipogenesis, especially in IPF. Meanwhile, dietary ARA and EPA showed the similar preference in esterification and the improvement in antioxidant response.
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Will seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) quality change in a warmer ocean? Food Res Int 2017; 97:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tian JJ, Lei CX, Ji H, Jin A. Role of cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolites in lipid metabolism and expression of some immune-related genes in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed arachidonic acid. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:703-717. [PMID: 28012026 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid (ARA) to prostaglandins, and COX-mediated metabolites play important roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism and immunity in mammals. However, such roles of COX in fish remain largely unknown. In this study, we designed three semi-purified diets, namely ARA-free (control), ARA, and ARA + acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; a COX inhibitor), and used them to feed grass carp (27.65 ± 3.05 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary ARA significantly increased the amount of ARA in the hepatopancreas, muscle, and kidney (P < 0.05), whereas this increase was reduced by dietary ASA. The hepatopancreatic prostaglandin E2 content increased in the ARA group, and this increase was inhibited by ASA (P < 0.05). ARA decreased the lipid content in the hepatopancreas, whereas ASA recovered lipid content to a significant level (P < 0.05). ARA significantly decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase in the hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). However, ASA did not rescue the mRNA expression of these genes (P > 0.05). Interestingly, ARA significantly enhanced the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α gene expression, and this increase was attenuated by ASA (P < 0.05). Finally, ARA significantly enhanced the mRNA expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in the kidney, and ASA attenuated the expression of toll-like receptor 22 and MyD88 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that COX metabolites play important roles in the inhibition of lipid accumulation in the hepatopancreas of grass carp fed with ARA and that regulation of gene expression promotes lipid catabolism rather than lipogenic activities. Additionally, these eicosanoids might participate in the upregulation of immunity-related genes in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
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Mellery J, Geay F, Tocher DR, Kestemont P, Debier C, Rollin X, Larondelle Y. Temperature Increase Negatively Affects the Fatty Acid Bioconversion Capacity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed a Linseed Oil-Based Diet. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164478. [PMID: 27736913 PMCID: PMC5063364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is meant to provide fish rich in omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). This objective must be reached despite (1) the necessity to replace the finite and limited fish oil in feed production and (2) the increased temperature of the supply water induced by the global warming. The objective of the present paper was to determine to what extent increased water temperature influences the fatty acid bioconversion capacity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a plant-derived diet. Fish were fed two diets formulated with fish oil (FO) or linseed oil (LO) as only added lipid source at the optimal water temperature of 15°C or at the increased water temperature of 19°C for 60 days. We observed that a temperature increase close to the upper limit of the species temperature tolerance range negatively affected the feed efficiency of rainbow trout fed LO despite a higher feed intake. The negative impact of increased water temperature on fatty acid bioconversion capacity appeared also to be quite clear considering the reduced expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 in liver and intestine and the reduced Δ6 desaturase enzymatic activity in intestinal microsomes. The present results also highlighted a negative impact of increased temperature on the apparent in vivo enzymatic activity of Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases of fish fed LO. Interestingly, this last parameter appeared less affected than those mentioned above. This study highlights that the increased temperature that rainbow trout may face due to global warming could reduce their fatty acid bioconversion capacity. The unavoidable replacement of finite fish oil by more sustainable, readily available and economically viable alternative lipid sources in aquaculture feeds should take this undeniable environmental issue on aquaculture productivity into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mellery
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Florian Geay
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Environnementale et Evolutive, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Douglas R. Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Environnementale et Evolutive, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Cathy Debier
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Xavier Rollin
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Thomas MH, Pelleieux S, Vitale N, Olivier JL. Dietary arachidonic acid as a risk factor for age-associated neurodegenerative diseases: Potential mechanisms. Biochimie 2016; 130:168-177. [PMID: 27473185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and associated diseases constitute a major public health concern worldwide. Nutrition-based, preventive strategies could possibly be effective in delaying the occurrence of these diseases and lower their prevalence. Arachidonic acid is the second major polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and several studies support its involvement in Alzheimer's disease. The objective of this review is to examine how dietary arachidonic acid contributes to Alzheimer's disease mechanisms and therefore to its prevention. First, we explore the sources of neuronal arachidonic acid that could potentially originate from either the conversion of linoleic acid, or from dietary sources and transfer across the blood-brain-barrier. In a second part, a brief overview of the role of the two main agents of Alzheimer's disease, tau protein and Aβ peptide is given, followed by the examination of the relationship between arachidonic acid and the disease. Third, the putative mechanisms by which arachidonic acid could influence Alzheimer's disease occurrence and evolution are presented. The conclusion is devoted to what remains to be determined before integrating arachidonic acid in the design of preventive strategies against Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie H Thomas
- Unité de Recherche Aliment et Fonctionnalité des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), INRA USC 0340, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Sandra Pelleieux
- Unité de Recherche Aliment et Fonctionnalité des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), INRA USC 0340, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR CNRS 3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Luc Olivier
- Unité de Recherche Aliment et Fonctionnalité des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), INRA USC 0340, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
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Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Arachidonic Acid and Eicosanoid Metabolism in Juvenile Barramundi Lates calcarifer. Lipids 2016; 51:973-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Uncoupling EPA and DHA in Fish Nutrition: Dietary Demand is Limited in Atlantic Salmon and Effectively Met by DHA Alone. Lipids 2016; 51:399-412. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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