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Matsukawa T, Yagi T, Uchida T, Sakai M, Mitsushima M, Naganuma T, Yano H, Inaba Y, Inoue H, Yanagida K, Uematsu M, Nakao K, Nakao H, Aiba A, Nagashima Y, Kubota T, Kubota N, Izumida Y, Yahagi N, Unoki-Kubota H, Kaburagi Y, Asahara SI, Kido Y, Shindou H, Itoh M, Ogawa Y, Minami S, Terauchi Y, Tobe K, Ueki K, Kasuga M, Matsumoto M. Hepatic FASN deficiency differentially affects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes in mouse obesity models. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e161282. [PMID: 37681411 PMCID: PMC10544238 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes are interacting comorbidities of obesity, and increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), driven by hyperinsulinemia and carbohydrate overload, contributes to their pathogenesis. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme of hepatic DNL, is upregulated in association with insulin resistance. However, the therapeutic potential of targeting FASN in hepatocytes for obesity-associated metabolic diseases is unknown. Here, we show that hepatic FASN deficiency differentially affects NAFLD and diabetes depending on the etiology of obesity. Hepatocyte-specific ablation of FASN ameliorated NAFLD and diabetes in melanocortin 4 receptor-deficient mice but not in mice with diet-induced obesity. In leptin-deficient mice, FASN ablation alleviated hepatic steatosis and improved glucose tolerance but exacerbated fed hyperglycemia and liver dysfunction. The beneficial effects of hepatic FASN deficiency on NAFLD and glucose metabolism were associated with suppression of DNL and attenuation of gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, respectively. The exacerbation of fed hyperglycemia by FASN ablation in leptin-deficient mice appeared attributable to impairment of hepatic glucose uptake triggered by glycogen accumulation and citrate-mediated inhibition of glycolysis. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of hepatic FASN inhibition for NAFLD and diabetes in humans should thus consider the etiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Matsukawa
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yagi
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Uchida
- Department of Nutrition Management, Faculty of Health Science, Hyogo University, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mashito Sakai
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mitsushima
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Naganuma
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yano
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Inaba
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, and
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, and
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuki Nakao
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Harumi Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Izumida
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Unoki-Kubota
- Department of Diabetic Complications, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kaburagi
- Department of Diabetic Complications, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-ichiro Asahara
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Yoshiaki Kido
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Division of Medical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism and Disease, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Itoh
- Department of Metabolic Syndrome and Nutritional Science, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Minami
- Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Kasuga
- The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
- Course of Advanced and Specialized Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Shakya AK, Al-Sulaibi M, Naik RR, Nsairat H, Suboh S, Abulaila A. Review on PLGA Polymer Based Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Properties and Their Application in Various Medical Conditions or Infections. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3597. [PMID: 37688223 PMCID: PMC10490122 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in the resistance to antibiotics is due to their inappropriate use and the use of a broad spectrum of antibiotics. This has also contributed to the development of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and due to the unavailability of suitable new drugs for treatments, it is difficult to control. Hence, there is a need for the development of new novel, target-specific antimicrobials. Nanotechnology, involving the synthesis of nanoparticles, may be one of the best options, as it can be manipulated by using physicochemical properties to develop intelligent NPs with desired properties. NPs, because of their unique properties, can deliver drugs to specific targets and release them in a sustained fashion. The chance of developing resistance is very low. Polymeric nanoparticles are solid colloids synthesized using either natural or synthetic polymers. These polymers are used as carriers of drugs to deliver them to the targets. NPs, synthesized using poly-lactic acid (PLA) or the copolymer of lactic and glycolic acid (PLGA), are used in the delivery of controlled drug release, as they are biodegradable, biocompatible and have been approved by the USFDA. In this article, we will be reviewing the synthesis of PLGA-based nanoparticles encapsulated or loaded with antibiotics, natural products, or metal ions and their antibacterial potential in various medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Shakya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Mazen Al-Sulaibi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Rajashri R Naik
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Sara Suboh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
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Elseweidy MM, Elawady AS, Sobh MS, Elnagar GM. Lycopene ameliorates hyperlipidemia via potentiation of AMP-activated protein kinase and inhibition of ATP-citrate lyase in diabetic hyperlipidemic rat model. Life Sci 2022; 308:120934. [PMID: 36075470 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed mainly to demonstrate the metabolic effects of lycopene (LYC) or atorvastatin (ATOR) in diabetic hyperlipidemic rat model. MAIN METHODS Rats were randomly classified into four groups; the first was fed normal chow diet (NC) while the other three groups received streptozotocin (STZ) along with CCT-diet. The second group received no treatment (diabetic hyperlipidemic control, DHC), the third one received ATOR (50 mg/kg/day) while the fourth one received LYC (20 mg/kg/day). Serum and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histological evaluations. KEY FINDINGS DHC rats demonstrated significant hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, increased hepatic fatty acid synthetase (FAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY). However, hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) and phosphorylated form of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK-P) activities showed significant decreases. ATOR or LYC administration induced hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects; decreased hepatic levels of MDA, TNF-α, HMG-CoA reductase, ACLY and FAS along with GSH and AMPK-P increases. Histopathological findings showed clear correlation with the biomarkers results. SIGNIFICANCE LYC demonstrated favorable significant effects regarding the biomarkers studied as compared to ATOR and may be expressed as a potent therapeutic agent of natural origin for hyperlipidemia complications either alone or in combination with other hypolipidemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elseweidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Alaa S Elawady
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Sobh
- Pathology Department, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gehad M Elnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Gong K, Yong D, Fu J, Li A, Zhang Y, Li R. Diterpenoids from Streptomyces: Structures, Biosyntheses and Bioactivities. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200231. [PMID: 35585772 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria, especially Streptomyces spp., have been emerging as rich sources of natural diterpenoids with diverse structures and broad bioactivities. Here, we review diterpenoids biosynthesized by Streptomyces , with an emphasis on their structures, biosyntheses, and bioactivities. Although diterpenoids from Streptomyces are relatively rare compared to those from plants and fungi, their novel skeletons, biosyntheses and bioactivities present opportunities for discovering new drugs, enzyme mechanisms, and applications in bio-catalysis and metabolic pathway engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gong
- Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, CHINA
| | - Daojing Yong
- Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, CHINA
| | - Jun Fu
- Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, CHINA
| | - Aiying Li
- Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, CHINA
| | - Youming Zhang
- Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, CHINA
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Binhai Road 72, 266237, Qingdao, CHINA
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Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor Platensimycin Intervenes the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Mouse Model. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010005. [PMID: 35052685 PMCID: PMC8773228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting about 25% of world population, while there are still no approved targeted therapies. Although platensimycin (PTM) was first discovered to be a broad-spectrum antibiotic, it was also effective against type II diabetes in animal models due to its ability to inhibit both bacterial and mammalian fatty acid synthases (FASN). Herein, we report the pharmacological effect and potential mode of action of PTM against NAFLD in a Western diet/CCI4-induced mouse model and a free fatty acids (FFAs)-induced HepG2 cell model. The proper dose of PTM and its liposome-based nano-formulations not only significantly attenuated the Western diet-induced weight gain and the levels of plasma total triglycerides and glucose, but reduced liver steatosis in mice according to histological analyses. Western blotting analysis showed a reduced protein level of FASN in the mouse liver, suggesting that PTM intervened in the development of NAFLD through FASN inhibition. PTM reduced both the protein and mRNA levels of FASN in FFAs-induced HepG2 cells, as well as the expression of several key proteins in lipogenesis, including sterol regulatory element binding protein-1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase. The expression of lipid oxidation-related genes, including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α and acyl-CoA oxidase 1, was significantly elevated. In conclusion, our study supports the reposition of PTM to intervene in NAFLD progression, since it could effectively inhibit de novo lipogenesis.
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6
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Wang Z, Liu X, Duan Y, Huang Y. Nanoparticle-Hydrogel Systems Containing Platensimycin for Local Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4099-4110. [PMID: 34554755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Skin and soft tissue infections require effective and sustained topical administration. Platensimycin (PTM) is a natural drug lead that targets bacterial fatty acid synthases and has a great potential to treat infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). To facilitate the use of PTM against local MRSA infections, we prepared polyacrylamide hydrogels containing polyamidoamine (PAMAM)/PTM nanoparticles (NP-gel(PTM)) for the controlled release of PTM. NP-gel(PTM) can continuously inhibit the growth of MRSA and its biofilm formation in simulated drug flow models in vitro. In situ implantation of NP-gel(PTM) could treat MRSA-infected subcutaneous soft tissues without toxicity. For MRSA-infected skin wounds, NP-gel(PTM) not only showed strong anti-MRSA activity but also accelerated more wound healing than the widely used antibiotic mupirocin. Collectively, PTM is expected to be used in this safe and effective NP-gel delivery platform for the treatment of local infections, which might help to alleviate the current antibiotic resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discover, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Heeren J, Scheja L. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and lipoprotein metabolism. Mol Metab 2021; 50:101238. [PMID: 33892169 PMCID: PMC8324684 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or as recently proposed 'metabolic-associated fatty liver disease' (MAFLD), is characterized by pathological accumulation of triglycerides and other lipids in hepatocytes. This common disease can progress from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, and eventually end-stage liver diseases. MAFLD is closely related to disturbances in systemic energy metabolism, including insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia. SCOPE OF REVIEW The liver is the central organ in lipid metabolism by secreting very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and, on the other hand, by internalizing fatty acids and lipoproteins. This review article discusses recent research addressing hepatic lipid synthesis, VLDL production, and lipoprotein internalization as well as the lipid exchange between adipose tissue and the liver in the context of MAFLD. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Liver steatosis in MAFLD is triggered by excessive hepatic triglyceride synthesis utilizing fatty acids derived from white adipose tissue (WAT), de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and endocytosed remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In consequence of high hepatic lipid content, VLDL secretion is enhanced, which is the primary cause of complex dyslipidemia typical for subjects with MAFLD. Interventions reducing VLDL secretory capacity attenuate dyslipidemia while they exacerbate MAFLD, indicating that the balance of lipid storage versus secretion in hepatocytes is a critical parameter determining disease outcome. Proof of concept studies have shown that promoting lipid storage and energy combustion in adipose tissues reduces hepatic lipid load and thus ameliorates MAFLD. Moreover, hepatocellular triglyceride synthesis from DNL and WAT-derived fatty acids can be targeted to treat MAFLD. However, more research is needed to understand how individual transporters, enzymes, and their isoforms affect steatosis and dyslipidemia in vivo, and whether these two aspects of MAFLD can be selectively treated. Processing of cholesterol-enriched lipoproteins appears less important for steatosis. It may, however, modulate inflammation and consequently MAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Covering: up to mid-2020 Terpenoids, also called isoprenoids, are the largest and most structurally diverse family of natural products. Found in all domains of life, there are over 80 000 known compounds. The majority of characterized terpenoids, which include some of the most well known, pharmaceutically relevant, and commercially valuable natural products, are produced by plants and fungi. Comparatively, terpenoids of bacterial origin are rare. This is counter-intuitive to the fact that recent microbial genomics revealed that almost all bacteria have the biosynthetic potential to create the C5 building blocks necessary for terpenoid biosynthesis. In this review, we catalogue terpenoids produced by bacteria. We collected 1062 natural products, consisting of both primary and secondary metabolites, and classified them into two major families and 55 distinct subfamilies. To highlight the structural and chemical space of bacterial terpenoids, we discuss their structures, biosynthesis, and biological activities. Although the bacterial terpenome is relatively small, it presents a fascinating dichotomy for future research. Similarities between bacterial and non-bacterial terpenoids and their biosynthetic pathways provides alternative model systems for detailed characterization while the abundance of novel skeletons, biosynthetic pathways, and bioactivies presents new opportunities for drug discovery, genome mining, and enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Tyler A Alsup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Baofu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Zining Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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Liu X, Wang Z, Feng X, Bai E, Xiong Y, Zhu X, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Platensimycin-Encapsulated Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers Nanoparticles with Enhanced Anti-Staphylococcal Activity in Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1425-1437. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Liu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xueqiong Feng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Enhe Bai
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discover, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | | | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discover, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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10
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Hong L, Zahradka P, Cordero-Monroy L, Wright B, Taylor CG. Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Operate by Different Mechanisms to Modulate Hepatic Steatosis and Hyperinsulemia in fa/fa Zucker Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040917. [PMID: 31022865 PMCID: PMC6521162 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis, an early stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is commonly present in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and is associated with reduced hepatic omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3-PUFA) status that impacts on the anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing functions of n3-PUFA. Our objective was to directly compare plant- and marine-based n3-PUFA (α-linoleic acid (ALA)), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) for their effects on hepatic steatosis, markers of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and insulinemia in obese rats. Fa/fa Zucker rats were provided diets containing ALA, EPA, DHA, or linoleic acid (LA, n6-PUFA) for eight weeks and compared to baseline fa/fa rats and lean Zucker rats fed LA-rich diet for eight weeks. Both DHA and EPA groups had liver lipid similar to baseline, however, DHA was more effective than EPA for reducing hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS), increasing the proportion of smaller lipid droplets, reversing early fibrotic damage, and reducing fasting hyperinsulinemia. EPA was more effective for reducing FoxO1. Dietary ALA did not attenuate hepatic steatosis, most inflammatory markers or FAS. In summary, amongst the n3-PUFA, DHA was the most effective for elevating hepatic DHA levels, and preventing progression of hepatic steatosis via reductions in FAS and a marker of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hong
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Luis Cordero-Monroy
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Brenda Wright
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
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Pereira RM, Rodrigues KCDC, Anaruma CP, Sant'Ana MR, de Campos TDP, Gaspar RS, Canciglieri RDS, de Melo DG, Mekary RA, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, de Moura LP. Short-term strength training reduces gluconeogenesis and NAFLD in obese mice. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:59-70. [PMID: 30878016 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a positive correlation with obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The aerobic training is an important tool in combating NAFLD. However, no studies have demonstrated the molecular effects of short-term strength training on the accumulation of hepatic fat in obese mice. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term strength training on the mechanisms of oxidation and lipid synthesis in the liver of obese mice. The short duration protocol was used to avoid changing the amount of adipose tissue. Swiss mice were separated into three groups: lean control (CTL), sedentary obese (OB) and strength training obese (STO). The obese groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and the STO group performed the strength training protocol 1 session/day for 15 days. The short-term strength training reduced hepatic fat accumulation, increasing hepatic insulin sensitivity and controlling hepatic glucose production. The obese animals increased the mRNA of lipogenic genes Fasn and Scd1 and reduced the oxidative genes Cpt1a and Ppara. On the other hand, the STO group presented the opposite results. Finally, the obese animals presented higher levels of lipogenic proteins (ACC and FAS) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), but the short-term strength training was efficient in reducing this condition, regardless of body weight loss. In conclusion, there was a reduction of obesity-related hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation after short-term strength training, independent of weight loss, leading to improvements in hepatic insulin sensitivity and glycemic homeostasis in obese mice. Key points: (1) Short-term strength training (STST) reduced fat accumulation and inflammation in the liver; (2) Hepatic insulin sensitivity and HPG control were increased with STST; (3) The content and activity of ACC and content of FAS were reduced with STST; (4) STST improved hepatic fat accumulation and glycemic homeostasis; (5) STST effects were observed independently of body weight change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martins Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Chadi Pellegrini Anaruma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Marcella Ramos Sant'Ana
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Stellzer Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Gomes de Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, MCPHS University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
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12
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Tian K, Deng Y, Qiu L, Zhu X, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Semisynthesis and Biological Evaluation of Platensimycin Analogues with Varying Aminobenzoic Acids. ChemistrySelect 2018; 3:12625-12629. [PMID: 32232122 PMCID: PMC7105086 DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Platensimycin (PTM) is an excellent natural product drug lead against various gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. In this study, twenty PTM derivatives with varying aminobenzoic acids were semisynthesized. In contrast to all the previous reported inactive aminobenzaote analogues, a few of them showed moderate antibacterial activities against S. aureus. Our study suggested that modification of the conserved aminobenzoic acid remains a viable approach to diversify the PTM scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tian
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
| | - Ben Shen
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458 (USA)
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
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13
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Qiu L, Tian K, Wen Z, Deng Y, Kang D, Liang H, Zhu X, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Biomimetic Stereoselective Sulfa-Michael Addition Leads to Platensimycin and Platencin Sulfur Analogues against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:316-322. [PMID: 29389125 PMCID: PMC6245554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several sulfur-containing platensimycin (PTM) and platencin (PTN) analogues, with activities comparable to the parent natural products, have recently been discovered from microorganisms, implying a biomimetic route to diversify the PTM and PTN scaffolds for structure-activity relationship study. We present here a substrate-directed and scaleable semisynthetic strategy to make PTM and PTN sulfur analogues with excellent diasteroselectivity, without using any chiral catalysts. Most of the sulfur analogues showed strong activities against clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5-2 μg mL-1. Density functional theory calculations were in agreement with the observed selectivity for these analogues and suggest that the conformation restraints of the terpene cages of PTM and PTN on the transition states determine the si-face attack selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Tian
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingding Kang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Liang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ben Shen
- Departments of Chemistry, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Molecular Medicine, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Natural Products Library Initiative, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Guilherme A, Pedersen DJ, Henchey E, Henriques FS, Danai LV, Shen Y, Yenilmez B, Jung D, Kim JK, Lodhi IJ, Semenkovich CF, Czech MP. Adipocyte lipid synthesis coupled to neuronal control of thermogenic programming. Mol Metab 2017; 6:781-796. [PMID: 28752043 PMCID: PMC5518709 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids (DNL) through fatty acid synthase (FASN) in adipocytes is exquisitely regulated by nutrients, hormones, fasting, and obesity in mice and humans. However, the functions of DNL in adipocyte biology and in the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis are not fully understood. Methods & results Here we show adipocyte DNL controls crosstalk to localized sympathetic neurons that mediate expansion of beige/brite adipocytes within inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Induced deletion of FASN in white and brown adipocytes of mature mice (iAdFASNKO mice) enhanced glucose tolerance, UCP1 expression, and cAMP signaling in iWAT. Consistent with induction of adipose sympathetic nerve activity, iAdFASNKO mice displayed markedly increased neuronal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) content in iWAT. In contrast, brown adipose tissue (BAT) of iAdFASNKO mice showed no increase in TH or NPY, nor did FASN deletion selectively in brown adipocytes (UCP1-FASNKO mice) cause these effects in iWAT. Conclusions These results demonstrate that downregulation of fatty acid synthesis via FASN depletion in white adipocytes of mature mice can stimulate neuronal signaling to control thermogenic programming in iWAT. Inducible deletion of FASN in white adipocytes of mature mice enhances browning of iWAT. Inducible deletion of white adipocyte FASN in mature obese mice improves glucose tolerance. Loss of FASN in white adipocytes enhances sympathetic nerve outflow in iWAT. Crosstalk between adipocyte fat metabolism and neuronal stimulation of adipose tissue is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David J Pedersen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Elizabeth Henchey
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Felipe S Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Laura V Danai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Batuhan Yenilmez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - DaeYoung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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15
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Dong LB, Rudolf JD, Lin L, Ruiz C, Cameron MD, Shen B. In vivo instability of platensimycin and platencin: Synthesis and biological evaluation of urea- and carbamate-platensimycin. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1990-1996. [PMID: 28237556 PMCID: PMC5421316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Platensimycin (PTM) and platencin (PTN), two natural products and promising drug leads that target bacterial and mammalian fatty acid synthases, are known to have unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties. It is not clear, however, what the metabolic fates of PTM and PTN are and no efforts have been reported to address this key roadblock in the development of these compounds as viable drug options. Here we describe the pharmacokinetics of PTM and PTN, and reveal rapid renal clearance as the primary metabolic liability with three additional sites of chemical liability: (i) amide hydrolysis, (ii) glucuronidation, and (iii) oxidation. We determined that hydrolysis is a viable clearance mechanism in vivo and synthesized two PTM analogues to address in vivo hydrolysis. Urea- and carbamate-PTM analogues showed no detectable hydrolysis in vivo, at the expense of antibacterial activity, with no further improvement in systemic exposure. The antibacterial sulfur-containing analogues PTM D1 and PTM ML14 showed significant decreases in renal clearance. These studies set the stage for continued generation of PTM and PTN analogues in an effort to improve their pharmacokinetics while retaining or improving their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao-Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Claudia Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Michael D Cameron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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16
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Correction: The Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor Platensimycin Improves Insulin Resistance without Inducing Liver Steatosis in Mice and Monkeys. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170721. [PMID: 28103304 PMCID: PMC5245885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164133.].
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17
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Platensimycin and platencin: Inspirations for chemistry, biology, enzymology, and medicine. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 133:139-151. [PMID: 27865713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have served as the main source of drugs and drug leads, and natural products produced by microorganisms are one of the most prevalent sources of clinical antibiotics. Their unparalleled structural and chemical diversities provide a basis to investigate fundamental biological processes while providing access to a tremendous amount of chemical space. There is a pressing need for novel antibiotics with new mode of actions to combat the growing challenge of multidrug resistant pathogens. This review begins with the pioneering discovery and biological activities of platensimycin (PTM) and platencin (PTN), two antibacterial natural products isolated from Streptomyces platensis. The elucidation of their unique biochemical mode of action, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacokinetics is presented to highlight key aspects of their biological activities. It then presents an overview of how microbial genomics has impacted the field of PTM and PTN and revealed paradigm-shifting discoveries in terpenoid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and antibiotic and antidiabetic therapies. It concludes with a discussion covering the future perspectives of PTM and PTN in regard to natural products discovery, bacterial diterpenoid biosynthesis, and the pharmaceutical promise of PTM and PTN as antibiotics and for the treatment of metabolic disorders. PTM and PTN have inspired new discoveries in chemistry, biology, enzymology, and medicine and will undoubtedly continue to do so.
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