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Sánchez-Ceinos J, Hussain S, Khan AW, Zhang L, Almahmeed W, Pernow J, Cosentino F. Repressive H3K27me3 drives hyperglycemia-induced oxidative and inflammatory transcriptional programs in human endothelium. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:122. [PMID: 38580969 PMCID: PMC10998410 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone modifications play a critical role in chromatin remodelling and regulate gene expression in health and disease. Histone methyltransferases EZH1, EZH2, and demethylases UTX, JMJD3, and UTY catalyse trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). This study was designed to investigate whether H3K27me3 triggers hyperglycemia-induced oxidative and inflammatory transcriptional programs in the endothelium. METHODS We studied human aortic endothelial cells exposed to high glucose (HAEC) or isolated from individuals with diabetes (D-HAEC). RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-qPCR), and confocal microscopy were performed to investigate the role of H3K27me3. We determined superoxide anion (O2-) production by ESR spectroscopy, NF-κB binding activity, and monocyte adhesion. Silencing/overexpression and pharmacological inhibition of chromatin modifying enzymes were used to modulate H3K27me3 levels. Furthermore, isometric tension studies and immunohistochemistry were performed in aorta from wild-type and db/db mice. RESULTS Incubation of HAEC to high glucose showed that upregulation of EZH2 coupled to reduced demethylase UTX and JMJD3 was responsible for the increased H3K27me3. ChIP-qPCR revealed that repressive H3K27me3 binding to superoxide dismutase and transcription factor JunD promoters is involved in glucose-induced O2- generation. Indeed, loss of JunD transcriptional inhibition favours NOX4 expression. Furthermore, H3K27me3-driven oxidative stress increased NF-κB p65 activity and downstream inflammatory genes. Interestingly, EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 rescued these endothelial derangements by reducing H3K27me3. We also found that H3K27me3 epigenetic signature alters transcriptional programs in D-HAEC and aortas from db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 represents a key epigenetic driver of hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. Targeting EZH2 may attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation and, hence, prevent vascular disease in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sánchez-Ceinos
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shafaat Hussain
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liang Zhang
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - John Pernow
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Epigenetic Regulation by microRNAs in Hyperhomocysteinemia-Accelerated Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012452. [PMID: 36293305 PMCID: PMC9604464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is specifically linked to various diseases of the vasculature such as atherosclerosis. However, the precise mechanisms by which Hcy contributes to this condition remain elusive. During the development of atherosclerosis, epigenetic modifications influence gene expression. As such, epigenetic modifications are an adaptive response to endogenous and exogenous factors that lead to altered gene expression by methylation and acetylation reactions of different substrates and the action of noncoding RNA including microRNAs (miRNAs). Epigenetic remodeling modulates cell biology in both physiological and physiopathological conditions. DNA and histone modification have been identified to have a crucial role in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the potential role of miRNAs in hyperHcy (HHcy)-related atherosclerosis disease remains poorly explored and might be essential as well. There is no review available yet summarizing the contribution of miRNAs to hyperhomocystein-mediated atherogenicity or their potential as therapeutic targets even though their important role has been described in numerous studies. Specifically, downregulation of miR-143 or miR-125b has been shown to regulate VSCMs proliferation in vitro. In preclinical studies, downregulation of miR-92 or miR195-3p has been shown to increase the accumulation of cholesterol in foam cells and increase macrophage inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation, respectively. Another preclinical study found that there is a reciprocal regulation between miR-148a/152 and DNMT1 in Hcy-accelerated atherosclerosis. Interestingly, a couple of studies have shown that miR-143 or miR-217 may be used as potential biomarkers in patients with HHcy that may develop atherosclerosis. Moreover, the current review will also update current knowledge on miRNA-based therapies, their challenges, and approaches to deal with Hcy-induced atherosclerosis.
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LncRNA ANRIL mediates endothelial dysfunction through BDNF downregulation in chronic kidney disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:661. [PMID: 35906216 PMCID: PMC9338026 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the mechanism is unknown. In this study, we found that the circulating ANRIL level was increased and correlated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in patients with CKD, also negatively correlated with plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration. We constructed the ANRIL knockout mice model, and found that ANRIL deficiency reversed the abnormal expression of BDNF, along with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and Von Willebrand factor (vWF). Meanwhile, mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins, Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitofusins (Mfn2) level were also recovered. In addition, in vitro, serum derived from CKD patients and uremia toxins induced abnormal expression of ANRIL. By making use of the gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we observed that ANRIL mediated endothelial dysfunction through BDNF downregulation. To explore the specific mechanism, RNA pull-down and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) were used to explore the binding of ANRIL to histone methyltransferase Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Further experiments found increased EZH2 and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) levels at the BDNF promoter region. Collectively, we demonstrated that ANRIL mediate BDNF transcriptional suppression through recruitment of EZH2 to the BDNF promoter region, then regulated the proteins expression related to endothelial function and mitochondrial dynamics. This study provides new insights for the study of endothelial dysfunction in CKD.
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Castro R, Whalen CA, Gullette S, Mattie FJ, Florindo C, Heil SG, Huang NK, Neuberger T, Ross AC. A Hypomethylating Ketogenic Diet in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice: A Pilot Study on Vascular Effects and Specific Epigenetic Changes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103576. [PMID: 34684577 PMCID: PMC8537671 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteneinemia (HHcy) is common in the general population and is a risk factor for atherosclerosis by mechanisms that are still elusive. A hypomethylated status of epigenetically relevant targets may contribute to the vascular toxicity associated with HHcy. Ketogenic diets (KD) are diets with a severely restricted amount of carbohydrates that are being widely used, mainly for weight-loss purposes. However, studies associating nutritional ketosis and HHcy are lacking. This pilot study investigates the effects of mild HHcy induced by nutritional manipulation of the methionine metabolism in the absence of dietary carbohydrates on disease progression and specific epigenetic changes in the apolipoprotein-E deficient (apoE-/-) mouse model. ApoE-/- mice were either fed a KD, a diet with the same macronutrient composition but low in methyl donors (low methyl KD, LMKD), or control diet. After 4, 8 or 12 weeks plasma was collected for the quantification of: (1) nutritional ketosis, (i.e., the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate using a colorimetric assay); (2) homocysteine by HPLC; (3) the methylating potential S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio (AdoHcy/AdoMet) by LC-MS/MS; and (4) the inflammatory cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) by ELISA. After 12 weeks, aortas were collected to assess: (1) the vascular AdoHcy/AdoMet ratio; (2) the volume of atherosclerotic lesions by high-field magnetic resonance imaging (14T-MRI); and (3) the content of specific epigenetic tags (H3K27me3 and H3K27ac) by immunofluorescence. The results confirmed the presence of nutritional ketosis in KD and LMKD mice but not in the control mice. As expected, mild HHcy was only detected in the LMKD-fed mice. Significantly decreased MCP1 plasma levels and plaque burden were observed in control mice versus the other two groups, together with an increased content of one of the investigated epigenetic tags (H3K27me3) but not of the other (H3K27ac). Moreover, we are unable to detect any significant differences at the p < 0.05 level for MCP1 plasma levels, vascular AdoMet:AdoHcy ratio levels, plaque burden, and specific epigenetic content between the latter two groups. Nevertheless, the systemic methylating index was significantly decreased in LMKD mice versus the other two groups, reinforcing the possibility that the levels of accumulated homocysteine were insufficient to affect vascular transmethylation reactions. Further studies addressing nutritional ketosis in the presence of mild HHcy should use a higher number of animals and are warranted to confirm these preliminary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-865-2938
| | - Courtney A. Whalen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Sean Gullette
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.); (T.N.)
| | - Floyd J. Mattie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Cristina Florindo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Sandra G. Heil
- Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Neil K. Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.); (T.N.)
- Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
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Intermittent High Glucose Elevates Nuclear Localization of EZH2 to Cause H3K27me3-Dependent Repression of KLF2 Leading to Endothelial Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102548. [PMID: 34685528 PMCID: PMC8534226 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as one of the key pathways promoting diabetes-associated complications. Herein, we explored the role of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and its product histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in high glucose-mediated endothelial inflammation. To examine this, we treated cultured primary endothelial cells (EC) with different treatment conditions-namely, constant or intermittent or transient high glucose. Intermittent high glucose maximally induced endothelial inflammation by upregulating transcript and/or protein-level expression of ICAM1 and P-selectin and downregulating eNOS, KLF2, and KLF4 protein levels. We next investigated the underlining epigenetic mechanisms responsible for intermittent hyperglycemia-dependent endothelial inflammation. Compared with other high glucose treatment groups, intermittent high glucose-exposed EC exhibited an increased level of H3K27me3 caused by reduction in EZH2 threonine 367 phosphorylation and nuclear retention of EZH2. Intermittent high glucose also promoted polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) assembly and EZH2's recruitment to histone H3. Abrupt enrichment of H3K27me3 on KLF2 and KLF4 gene promoters caused repression of these genes, further supporting endothelial inflammation. In contrast, reducing H3K27me3 through small molecule and/or siRNA-mediated inhibition of EZH2 rescued KLF2 level and inhibited endothelial inflammation in intermittent high glucose-challenged cultured EC and isolated rat aorta. These findings indicate that abrupt chromatin modifications cause high glucose-dependent inflammatory switch of EC.
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Brütting C, Hildebrand P, Brandsch C, Stangl GI. Ability of dietary factors to affect homocysteine levels in mice: a review. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:68. [PMID: 34193183 PMCID: PMC8243555 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine is associated with several diseases, and a series of dietary factors are known to modulate homocysteine levels. As mice are often used as model organisms to study the effects of dietary hyperhomocysteinemia, we collected data about concentrations of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folate, methionine, cystine, and choline in mouse diets and the associated plasma/serum homocysteine levels. In addition, we more closely examined the composition of the control diet, the impact of the mouse strain, sex and age, and the duration of the dietary intervention on homocysteine levels. In total, 113 out of 1103 reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. In the experimental and control diets, homocysteine levels varied from 0.1 to 280 µmol/l. We found negative correlations between dietary vitamin B12 (rho = − 0.125; p < 0.05), vitamin B6 (rho = − 0.191; p < 0.01) and folate (rho = − 0.395; p < 0.001) and circulating levels of homocysteine. In contrast, a positive correlation was observed between dietary methionine and homocysteine (methionine: rho = 0.146; p < 0.05). No significant correlations were found for cystine or choline and homocysteine levels. In addition, there was no correlation between the duration of the experimental diets and homocysteine levels. More importantly, the data showed that homocysteine levels varied widely in mice fed control diets as well. When comparing control diets with similar nutrient concentrations (AIN-based), there were significant differences in homocysteine levels caused by the strain (ANOVA, p < 0.05) and age of the mice at baseline (r = 0.47; p < 0.05). When comparing homocysteine levels and sex, female mice tended to have higher homocysteine levels than male mice (9.3 ± 5.9 µmol/l vs. 5.8 ± 4.5 µmol/l; p = 0.069). To conclude, diets low in vitamin B12, vitamin B6, or folate and rich in methionine are similarly effective in increasing homocysteine levels. AIN recommendations for control diets are adequate with respect to the amounts of homocysteine-modulating dietary parameters. In addition, the mouse strain and the age of mice can affect the homocysteine level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Brütting
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Pia Hildebrand
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Corinna Brandsch
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Khan A, Paneni F, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Cell-specific epigenetic changes in atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1165-1187. [PMID: 33988232 PMCID: PMC8314213 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium arteries that can lead to life-threatening cerebrovascular and cardiovascular consequences such as heart failure and stroke and is a major contributor to cardiovascular-related mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis development is a complex process that involves specific structural, functional and transcriptional changes in different vascular cell populations at different stages of the disease. The application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis has discovered not only disease-related cell-specific transcriptomic profiles but also novel subpopulations of cells once thought as homogenous cell populations. Vascular cells undergo specific transcriptional changes during the entire course of the disease. Epigenetics is the instruction-set-architecture in living cells that defines and maintains the cellular identity by regulating the cellular transcriptome. Although different cells contain the same genetic material, they have different epigenomic signatures. The epigenome is plastic, dynamic and highly responsive to environmental stimuli. Modifications to the epigenome are driven by an array of epigenetic enzymes generally referred to as writers, erasers and readers that define cellular fate and destiny. The reversibility of these modifications raises hope for finding novel therapeutic targets for modifiable pathological conditions including atherosclerosis where the involvement of epigenetics is increasingly appreciated. This article provides a critical review of the up-to-date research in the field of epigenetics mainly focusing on in vivo settings in the context of the cellular role of individual vascular cell types in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Cardiovascular Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin A.M. Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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Yang X, Yang Y, Guo J, Meng Y, Li M, Yang P, Liu X, Aung LHH, Yu T, Li Y. Targeting the epigenome in in-stent restenosis: from mechanisms to therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:1136-1160. [PMID: 33664994 PMCID: PMC7896131 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. The introduction of percutaneous revascularization has revolutionized the therapy of patients with CAD. Despite the advent of drug-eluting stents, restenosis remains the main challenge in treating patients with CAD. In-stent restenosis (ISR) indicates the reduction in lumen diameter after percutaneous coronary intervention, in which the vessel's lumen re-narrowing is attributed to the aberrant proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and dysregulation of endothelial cells (ECs). Increasing evidence has demonstrated that epigenetics is involved in the occurrence and progression of ISR. In this review, we provide the latest and comprehensive analysis of three separate but related epigenetic mechanisms regulating ISR, namely, DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. Initially, we discuss the mechanism of restenosis. Furthermore, we discuss the biological mechanism underlying the diverse epigenetic modifications modulating gene expression and functions of VSMCs, as well as ECs in ISR. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets of the small molecule inhibitors of cardiovascular epigenetic factors. A more detailed understanding of epigenetic regulation is essential for elucidating this complex biological process, which will assist in developing and improving ISR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Panyu Yang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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Fledderus J, Vanchin B, Rots MG, Krenning G. The Endothelium as a Target for Anti-Atherogenic Therapy: A Focus on the Epigenetic Enzymes EZH2 and SIRT1. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020103. [PMID: 33562658 PMCID: PMC7915331 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell inflammatory activation and dysfunction are key events in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. Yet, therapies specifically targeting the endothelium and atherosclerosis are lacking. Here, we review how endothelial behaviour affects atherogenesis and pose that the endothelium may be an efficacious cellular target for antiatherogenic therapies. We discuss the contribution of endothelial inflammatory activation and dysfunction to atherogenesis and postulate that the dysregulation of specific epigenetic enzymes, EZH2 and SIRT1, aggravate endothelial dysfunction in a pleiotropic fashion. Moreover, we propose that commercially available drugs are available to clinically explore this postulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Fledderus
- Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.F.); (B.V.)
| | - Byambasuren Vanchin
- Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.F.); (B.V.)
- Department Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Jamyan St 3, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Marianne G. Rots
- Epigenetic Editing, Medical Biology Section, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Guido Krenning
- Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.F.); (B.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-50-361-8043; Fax: +31-50-361-9911
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Tao J, Xia L, Cai Z, Liang L, Chen Y, Meng J, Wang Z. Interaction Between microRNA and DNA Methylation in Atherosclerosis. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 40:101-115. [PMID: 33259723 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease accompanied by complex pathological changes, such as endothelial dysfunction, foam cell formation, and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Many approaches, including regulating AS-related gene expression in the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level, contribute to alleviating AS development. The DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic modification in regulating cell function by silencing the relative gene expression. The microRNA (miRNA) is a type of noncoding RNA that plays an important role in gene post-transcriptional regulation and disease development. The DNA methylation and the miRNA are important epigenetic factors in AS. However, recent studies have found a mutual regulation between these two factors in AS development. In this study, recent insights into the roles of miRNA and DNA methylation and their interaction in the AS progression are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linzhen Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zemin Cai
- Department of Pediatrics and The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lingli Liang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Functional Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Gwon MH, Im YS, Seo AR, Kim KY, Moon HR, Yun JM. Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Protects against High Fat/Cholesterol Diet-Induced Obesity and Atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123657. [PMID: 33261070 PMCID: PMC7761196 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study concerns obesity-related atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, and chronic inflammation. We studied the anti-obesity and anti-atherosclerosis effects of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and explored their underlying mechanisms. We established an animal model of high fat/cholesterol-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice fed for 13 weeks. We divided the mice into five groups: control (CON), high fat/cholesterol (HFCD), HFCD with 3 mg/kg/day gallic acid (HFCD + G), and HFCD with PEITC (30 and 75 mg/kg/day; HFCD + P30 and P75). The body weight, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were significantly lower in the HFCD + P75 group than in the HFCD group. Hepatic lipid accumulation and atherosclerotic plaque formation in the aorta were significantly lower in both HFCD + PEITC groups than in the HFCD group, as revealed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. To elucidate the mechanism, we identified the expression of genes related to inflammation, reverse cholesterol transport, and lipid accumulation pathway in the liver. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), liver-X-receptor α (LXR-α), and ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) were increased, while those of scavenger receptor A (SR-A1), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were decreased in the HFCD + P75 group compared with those in the HFCD group. Moreover, PEITC modulated H3K9 and H3K27 acetylation, H3K4 dimethylation, and H3K27 di-/trimethylation in the HFCD + P75 group. We, therefore, suggest that supplementation with PEITC may be a potential candidate for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Gwon
- Nutrition Education Major, Graduate School of Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Young-Sun Im
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.-S.I.); (A.-R.S.); (K.Y.K.); (H.-R.M.)
| | - A-Reum Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.-S.I.); (A.-R.S.); (K.Y.K.); (H.-R.M.)
| | - Kyoung Yun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.-S.I.); (A.-R.S.); (K.Y.K.); (H.-R.M.)
| | - Ha-Rin Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.-S.I.); (A.-R.S.); (K.Y.K.); (H.-R.M.)
| | - Jung-Mi Yun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.-S.I.); (A.-R.S.); (K.Y.K.); (H.-R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-530-1332
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12
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Xiaoling Y, Li Z, ShuQiang L, Shengchao M, Anning Y, Ning D, Nan L, Yuexia J, Xiaoming Y, Guizhong L, Yideng J. Correction: Hyperhomocysteinemia in ApoE-/- Mice Leads to Overexpression of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 via miR-92a Regulation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240762. [PMID: 33045026 PMCID: PMC7549832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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No Effect of Diet-Induced Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia on Vascular Methylating Capacity, Atherosclerosis Progression, and Specific Histone Methylation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082182. [PMID: 32717800 PMCID: PMC7468910 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis through mechanisms which are still incompletely defined. One possible mechanism involves the hypomethylation of the nuclear histone proteins to favor the progression of atherosclerosis. In previous cell studies, hypomethylating stress decreased a specific epigenetic tag (the trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3, H3K27me3) to promote endothelial dysfunction and activation, i.e., an atherogenic phenotype. Here, we conducted a pilot study to investigate the impact of mild HHcy on vascular methylating index, atherosclerosis progression and H3K27me3 aortic content in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE -/-) mice. In two different sets of experiments, male mice were fed high-fat, low in methyl donors (HFLM), or control (HF) diets for 16 (Study A) or 12 (Study B) weeks. At multiple time points, plasma was collected for (1) quantification of total homocysteine (tHcy) by high-performance liquid chromatography; or (2) the methylation index of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM:SAH ratio) by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry; or (3) a panel of inflammatory cytokines previously implicated in atherosclerosis by a multiplex assay. At the end point, aortas were collected and used to assess (1) the methylating index (SAM:SAH ratio); (2) the volume of aortic atherosclerotic plaque assessed by high field magnetic resonance imaging; and (3) the vascular content of H3K27me3 by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that, in both studies, HFLM-fed mice, but not those mice fed control diets, accumulated mildly elevated tHcy plasmatic concentrations. However, the pattern of changes in the inflammatory cytokines did not support a major difference in systemic inflammation between these groups. Accordingly, in both studies, no significant differences were detected for the aortic methylating index, plaque burden, and H3K27me3 vascular content between HF and HFLM-fed mice. Surprisingly however, a decreased plasma SAM: SAH was also observed, suggesting that the plasma compartment does not always reflect the vascular concentrations of these two metabolites, at least in this model. Mild HHcy in vivo was not be sufficient to induce vascular hypomethylating stress or the progression of atherosclerosis, suggesting that only higher accumulations of plasma tHcy will exhibit vascular toxicity and promote specific epigenetic dysregulation.
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Abstract
The vasculature not only transports oxygenated blood, metabolites, and waste products but also serves as a conduit for hormonal communication between distant tissues. Therefore, it is important to maintain homeostasis within the vasculature. Recent studies have greatly expanded our understanding of the regulation of vasculature development and vascular-related diseases at the epigenetic level, including by protein posttranslational modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs. Integrating epigenetic mechanisms into the pathophysiologic conceptualization of complex and multifactorial vascular-related diseases may provide promising therapeutic approaches. Several reviews have presented detailed discussions of epigenetic mechanisms not including histone methylation in vascular biology. In this review, we primarily discuss histone methylation in vascular development and maturity, and in vascular diseases.
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15
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Guo W, Zhang H, Yang A, Ma P, Sun L, Deng M, Mao C, Xiong J, Sun J, Wang N, Ma S, Nie L, Jiang Y. Homocysteine accelerates atherosclerosis by inhibiting scavenger receptor class B member1 via DNMT3b/SP1 pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 138:34-48. [PMID: 31733201 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, which is characterized by lipid accumulation in the atherosclerotic plaque. Increasing evidence supports that as the main receptor of high-density lipoprotein, scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1) is protective against atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism regarding it in Hcy-mediated atherosclerosis remains unclear. Here, we found the remarkable inhibition of SCARB1 expression in atherosclerotic plaque and Hcy-treated foam cells, whereas overexpression of SCARB1 can suppress lipid accumulation in foam cells following Hcy treatment. Analysis of SCARB1 promoter showed that no significant change of methylation level was observed both in vivo and in vitro under Hcy treatment. Moreover, it was found that the negative regulation of DNMT3b on SCARB1 was due to the decreased recruitment of SP1 to SCARB1 promoter. Thus, we concluded that inhibition of SCARB1 expression induced by DNMT3b at least partly accelerated Hcy-mediated atherosclerosis through promoting lipid accumulation in foam cells, which was attributed to the decreased binding of SP1 to SCARB1 promoter. In our point, these findings will provide novel insight into an epigenetic mechanism for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Anning Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Pengjun Ma
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Mei Deng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Caiyan Mao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiantuan Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianmin Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Lihong Nie
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yideng Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China.
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16
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Meng XD, Yao HH, Wang LM, Yu M, Shi S, Yuan ZX, Liu J. Knockdown of GAS5 Inhibits Atherosclerosis Progression via Reducing EZH2-Mediated ABCA1 Transcription in ApoE -/- Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:84-96. [PMID: 31830648 PMCID: PMC6926212 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disorder occurring in the large arteries and the primary cause of heart diseases. Accumulating evidence has implicated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in atherosclerosis. This study aims to clarify the potential effects of lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) on cholesterol reverse-transport and intracellular lipid accumulation in atherosclerosis. GAS5 was mainly localized in the nucleus and highly expressed in the human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) macrophage-derived foam cells in coronary heart disease. Overexpressed GAS5 increased THP-1 macrophage lipid accumulation. Of note, GAS5 can inhibit the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) by binding to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Overexpression of EZH2 reduced cholesterol efflux and ABCA1 expression. EZH2 promoted triple methylation of lysine 27 (H3K27) in the ABCA1 promoter region. Subjected to overexpressed GAS5, overexpressed EZH2, or downregulated ABCA1, the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mice with atherosclerosis showed increased total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC), cholesterol ester (CE), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, aortic plaque, and lipid accumulation, accompanied by reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level and cholesterol outflow. Altogether, knockdown of GAS5 can potentially promote reverse-transportation of cholesterol and inhibit intracellular lipid accumulation, ultimately preventing the progression of atherosclerosis via reducing EZH2-mediated transcriptional inhibition of ABCA1 by histone methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Hong Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Li-Min Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Xiang Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.
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17
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Liang J, Li Q, Cai W, Zhang X, Yang B, Li X, Jiang S, Tian S, Zhang K, Song H, Ai D, Zhang X, Wang C, Zhu Y. Inhibition of polycomb repressor complex 2 ameliorates neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing trimethylation of H3K27 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3206-3219. [PMID: 31162630 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The increased proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) after arterial injury contributes greatly to the pathogenesis of neointimal hyperplasia. As a major component of epigenetics, histone methylation plays an important role in several cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in restenosis is still unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human aortic VSMCs were challenged with PDGF-BB, and total histones were extracted and analysed by HPLC/MS. For the in vivo study, rats were subjected to wire-guided common carotid injury. KEY RESULTS PDGF-BB markedly increased the H3K27me3 level, as demonstrated by use of HPLC/MS and confirmed by western blot analysis. Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), the histone H3K27 methyltransferase component of polycomb repressive complex 2, was also up-regulated by PDGF-BB in VSMCs, and in the neointimal hyperplasia induced by wire injury of the rat carotid artery. Furthermore, inhibiting H3K27me3 by treatment with 3-μM UNC1999, an EZH2/1 inhibitor, significantly suppressed PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation compared with the PDGF-BB-treated group. Consistently, neointimal formation was significantly attenuated by oral or perivascular administration of UNC1999 compared with the sham group. Mechanistically, the increase in H3K27me3 inhibited the transcription of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16INK4A and thus promoted VSMC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Vascular injury elevated the expression of EZH2 and the downstream target H3K27me3, which suppressed p16INK4A expression in VSMCs and promoted VSMC proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia. EZH2 inhibition might be a potential therapeutic target for restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbin Cai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ding Ai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjiong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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18
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Xu S, Kamato D, Little PJ, Nakagawa S, Pelisek J, Jin ZG. Targeting epigenetics and non-coding RNAs in atherosclerosis: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 196:15-43. [PMID: 30439455 PMCID: PMC6450782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the principal cause of cardiovascular death worldwide, is a pathological disease characterized by fibro-proliferation, chronic inflammation, lipid accumulation, and immune disorder in the vessel wall. As the atheromatous plaques develop into advanced stage, the vulnerable plaques are prone to rupture, which causes acute cardiovascular events, including ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Emerging evidence has suggested that atherosclerosis is also an epigenetic disease with the interplay of multiple epigenetic mechanisms. The epigenetic basis of atherosclerosis has transformed our knowledge of epigenetics from an important biological phenomenon to a burgeoning field in cardiovascular research. Here, we provide a systematic and up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of three distinct but interrelated epigenetic processes (including DNA methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and non-coding RNAs), in atherosclerotic plaque development and instability. Mechanistic and conceptual advances in understanding the biological roles of various epigenetic modifiers in regulating gene expression and functions of endothelial cells (vascular homeostasis, leukocyte adhesion, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and mechanotransduction), smooth muscle cells (proliferation, migration, inflammation, hypertrophy, and phenotypic switch), and macrophages (differentiation, inflammation, foam cell formation, and polarization) are discussed. The inherently dynamic nature and reversibility of epigenetic regulation, enables the possibility of epigenetic therapy by targeting epigenetic "writers", "readers", and "erasers". Several Food Drug Administration-approved small-molecule epigenetic drugs show promise in pre-clinical studies for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic implications and challenges for future research involving cardiovascular epigenetics, with an aim to provide a translational perspective for identifying novel biomarkers of atherosclerosis, and transforming precision cardiovascular research and disease therapy in modern era of epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Zheng Gen Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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19
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Nicorescu I, Dallinga GM, de Winther MP, Stroes ES, Bahjat M. Potential epigenetic therapeutics for atherosclerosis treatment. Atherosclerosis 2019; 281:189-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Nafisa A, Gray SG, Cao Y, Wang T, Xu S, Wattoo FH, Barras M, Cohen N, Kamato D, Little PJ. Endothelial function and dysfunction: Impact of metformin. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 192:150-162. [PMID: 30056057 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction is a key player in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Current evidence suggests that the anti-diabetic drug metformin improves insulin resistance and protects against endothelial dysfunction in the vasculature. Hereby, we provide a timely review on the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of metformin in preventing endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Nafisa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Susan G Gray
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Yingnan Cao
- Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tinghuai Wang
- Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Feroza H Wattoo
- Department of Biochemistry, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Shamasabad, Muree Road, Rawalpindi 4600, Pakistan..
| | - Michael Barras
- Dept. of Pharmacy, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Rd, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Neale Cohen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Jiang W, Agrawal DK, Boosani CS. Cell‑specific histone modifications in atherosclerosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1215-1224. [PMID: 29901135 PMCID: PMC6072136 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications are the key epigenetic mechanisms that have been identified to regulate gene expression in many human diseases. However, in the early developmental stages, such as in utero and the postnatal stages, histone modifications are essential for gene regulation and cell growth. Atherosclerosis represents a classical example of the involvement of different cell types, and their cumulative effects in the development of atheroma and the progression of the disease. Post translational modifications on proteins either induces their functional activity or renders them inactive. Post translational modifications such as methylation or acetylation on histones have been well characterized, and their role in enhancing or inhibiting specific gene expression was clearly elucidated. In the present review article, the critical roles of different histone modifications that occur in atherosclerosis have been summarized. Different histone proteins have been identified to serve a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis. Specifically, histone methylation and histone acetylation in monocytes, macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells and in endothelial cells during the progression of atherosclerosis, have been well reported. In recent years, different target molecules and genes that regulate histone modifications have been examined for their effects in the treatment of atherosclerosis in animal models and in clinical trials. An increasing body of evidence suggests that these epigenetic changes resulting from DNA methylation and non-coding RNA may also be associated with histone modifications, thereby indicating that novel therapeutic strategies can be developed by targeting these post translational modifications, which may in turn aid in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Jiang
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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22
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Xu S, Xu Y, Yin M, Zhang S, Liu P, Koroleva M, Si S, Little PJ, Pelisek J, Jin ZG. Flow-dependent epigenetic regulation of IGFBP5 expression by H3K27me3 contributes to endothelial anti-inflammatory effects. Theranostics 2018; 8:3007-3021. [PMID: 29896299 PMCID: PMC5996356 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and epigenetic disease that is influenced by different patterns of blood flow. However, the epigenetic mechanism whereby atheroprotective flow controls endothelial gene programming remains elusive. Here, we investigated the possibility that flow alters endothelial gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Methods: En face staining and western blot were used to detect protein expression. Real-time PCR was used to determine relative gene expression. RNA-sequencing of human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with siRNA of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) or laminar flow was used for transcriptional profiling. Results: We found that trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a repressive epigenetic mark that orchestrates gene repression, was reduced in laminar flow areas of mouse aorta and flow-treated human endothelial cells. The decrease of H3K27me3 paralleled a reduction in the epigenetic "writer"-EZH2, the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Moreover, laminar flow decreased expression of EZH2 via mechanosensitive miR101. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling studies in endothelial cells treated with EZH2 siRNA and flow revealed the upregulation of novel mechanosensitive gene IGFBP5 (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5), which is epigenetically silenced by H3K27me3. Functionally, inhibition of H3K27me3 by EZH2 siRNA or GSK126 (a specific EZH2 inhibitor) reduced H3K27me3 levels and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Adenoviral overexpression of IGFBP5 also recapitulated the anti-inflammatory effects of H3K27me3 inhibition. More importantly, we observed EZH2 upregulation, and IGFBP5 downregulation, in advanced atherosclerotic plaques from human patients. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings reveal that atheroprotective flow reduces H3K27me3 as a chromatin-based mechanism to augment the expression of genes that confer an anti-inflammatory response in the endothelium. Our study exemplifies flow-dependent epigenetic regulation of endothelial gene expression, and also suggests that targeting the EZH2/H3K27me3/IGFBP5 pathway may offer novel therapeutics for inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yanni Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meimei Yin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marina Koroleva
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Shuyi Si
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peter J. Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
- Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Zheng Gen Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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23
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Chan SH, Hung CH, Shih JY, Chu PM, Cheng YH, Lin HC, Hsieh PL, Tsai KL. Exercise intervention attenuates hyperhomocysteinemia-induced aortic endothelial oxidative injury by regulating SIRT1 through mitigating NADPH oxidase/LOX-1 signaling. Redox Biol 2018; 14:116-125. [PMID: 28888894 PMCID: PMC5596261 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a critical cardiovascular disease and a cause of high morbidity and mortality in this world. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been suggested as a risk factor for CAD. In addition, SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) has been reported to play a protective role in a variety of diseases, especially in the cardiovascular system. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise training on apoptosis and inflammation in HHcy animals. We also tested whether exercise protected against Hhcy-induced dysfunction of endothelium through modulation of SIRT1. C57BL mice (8 in each group) were fed with or without 1% L-methionine (w/w) in water for 4 months to induce HHcy. We found that Hhcy repressed SIRT1 and AMPK expression and increased NADPH oxidase activity. Plasma MDA, endothelium LOX-1 and p-p38 were up-regulated by Hhcy induction. NF-κB and it downstream molecules were activated under Hhcy situation, thereby promoting pro-inflammatory responses. Moreover, we also reported that Hhcy caused endothelium apoptosis involving Akt inhibition and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways. Exercise training significantly protected against endothelium from Hhcy caused oxidative injuries. In addition, EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor) reduced the therapeutic effects by exercise. Our results had indicated that exercise training prevent the development of atherosclerosis through SIRT1 activation and oxidative stress inhibition under Hhcy situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Cheng
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Chen Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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24
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Zhang HP, Wang YH, Ma SC, Zhang H, Yang AN, Yang XL, Zhang MH, Sun JM, Hao YJ, Jiang YD. Homocysteine inhibits endothelial progenitor cells proliferation via DNMT1-mediated hypomethylation of Cyclin A. Exp Cell Res 2017; 362:217-226. [PMID: 29155363 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to neovasculogenesis and reendothelialization of damaged blood vessels to maintain the endothelium. Dysfunction of EPCs is implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular injury induced by homocysteine (Hcy). We aimed to investigate the role of Cyclin A in Hcy-induced EPCs dysfunction and explore its molecular mechanism. In this study, by treatment of EPCs with Hcy, we found that the expression of Cyclin A mRNA and protein were significantly downregulated in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of Cyclin A prominently reduced proliferation of EPCs, while over-expression of Cyclin A significantly promoted the cell proliferation, suggesting that Hcy inhibits EPCs proliferation through downregulation of Cyclin A expression. In addition, epigenetic study also demonstrated that Hcy induces DNA hypomethylation of the Cyclin A promoter in EPCs through downregulated expression of DNMT1. Moreover, we found that Hcy treatment of EPCs leads to increased SAM, SAH and MeCP2, while the ratio of SAM/SAH and MBD expression decrease. In summary, our results indicate that Hcy inhibits Cyclin A expression through hypomethylation of Cyclin A and thereby suppress EPCs proliferation. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of DNA methylation mediated by DNMT1 in prevention of Hcy associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - An-Ning Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ming-Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jian-Min Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yin-Ju Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yi-Deng Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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25
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Ma SC, Cao JC, Zhang HP, Jiao Y, Zhang H, He YY, Wang YH, Yang XL, Yang AN, Tian J, Zhang MH, Yang XM, Lu GJ, Jin SJ, Jia YX, Jiang YD. Aberrant promoter methylation of multiple genes in VSMC proliferation induced by Hcy. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7775-7783. [PMID: 28944836 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a primary pathological event in atherosclerosis (AS), and homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for AS. However, the underlying mechanisms are still lagging. Studies have used the combination of methylation of promoters of multiple genes to diagnose tumors, thus the aim of the current study was to investigate the role of methylation status of several genes in VSMCs treated with Hcy. CpG islands were identified in the promoters of platelet‑derived growth factor (PDGF), p53, phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2). Hypomethylation was observed to occur in the promoter region of PDGF, hypermethylation in p53, PTEN and MFN2, and hypomethylation in two global methylation indicators, aluminium (Alu) and long interspersed nucleotide element‑1 (Line‑1). This was accompanied by an increase in the expression of PDGF, and reductions of p53, PTEN and MFN2, both in mRNA and protein levels. An elevation of S‑adenosylmethionine (SAM) and a reduction of S‑adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and the SAM/SAH ratio were also identified. In conclusion, Hcy impacted methylation the of AS‑associated genes and global methylation status that mediate the cell proliferation, which may be a character of VSMCs treated with Hcy. The data provided evidence for mechanisms of VSMCs proliferation in AS induced by Hcy and may provide a new perspective for AS induced by Hcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chao Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Cheng Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ping Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yun Jiao
- Department of Infectious Disease, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Yang He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - An-Ning Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jue Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Jun Lu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Ju Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Xia Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Deng Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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26
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Zhao Q, Li S, Li N, Yang X, Ma S, Yang A, Zhang H, Yang S, Mao C, Xu L, Gao T, Yang X, Zhang H, Jiang Y. miR-34a Targets HDAC1-Regulated H3K9 Acetylation on Lipid Accumulation Induced by Homocysteine in Foam Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4617-4627. [PMID: 28485501 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) promotes atherogenesis by modification of histone acetylation patterns and regulation of miRNA expression while the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well known. In this study, we investigated the effects of homocysteine (Hcy) on the expression of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and tested our hypothesis that Hcy-induced atherosclerosis is mediated by increased HDAC1 expression, which is regulated by miR-34a. The expression of HDAC1 increased and acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9ac) decreased in the aorta of ApoE-/- mice fed with high methionine diet, whereas miR-34a expression was inhibited. Over-expression of HDAC1 inhibited H3K9ac level and promoted the accumulation of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and triglycerides in the foam cells. Furthermore, up-regulation of miR-34a reduced HDAC1 expression and inhibited the accumulation of total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC), and triglycerides (TG) in the foam cells. These data suggest that HDAC1-related H3K9ac plays a key role in Hcy-mediated lipid metabolism disorders, and that miR-34a may be a novel therapeutic target in Hcy-related atherosclerosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4617-4627, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Anning Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Songhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Caiyan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Lingbo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yideng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
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