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Gupta S, Dinesh S, Sharma S. Bridging the Mind and Gut: Uncovering the Intricacies of Neurotransmitters, Neuropeptides, and their Influence on Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:2-21. [PMID: 38265387 DOI: 10.2174/0118715249271548231115071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional signaling channel that facilitates communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. Recent research on the gut-brain axis demonstrates that this connection enables the brain to influence gut function, which in turn influences the brain and its cognitive functioning. It is well established that malfunctioning of this axis adversely affects both systems' ability to operate effectively. OBJECTIVE Dysfunctions in the GBA have been associated with disorders of gut motility and permeability, intestinal inflammation, indigestion, constipation, diarrhea, IBS, and IBD, as well as neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders like depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Multiple research initiatives have shown that the gut microbiota, in particular, plays a crucial role in the GBA by participating in the regulation of a number of key neurochemicals that are known to have significant effects on the mental and physical well-being of an individual. METHODS Several studies have investigated the relationship between neuropsychiatric disorders and imbalances or disturbances in the metabolism of neurochemicals, often leading to concomitant gastrointestinal issues and modifications in gut flora composition. The interaction between neurological diseases and gut microbiota has been a focal point within this research. The novel therapeutic interventions in neuropsychiatric conditions involving interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications are outlined in this review. RESULTS The findings of multiple studies carried out on mice show that modulating and monitoring gut microbiota can help treat symptoms of such diseases, which raises the possibility of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and even dietary changes as part of a new treatment strategy for neuropsychiatric disorders and their symptoms. CONCLUSION The bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain through the gut-brain axis has revealed profound implications for both gastrointestinal and neurological health. Malfunctions in this axis have been connected to a range of disorders affecting gut function as well as cognitive and neuropsychiatric well-being. The emerging understanding of the role of gut microbiota in regulating key neurochemicals opens up possibilities for novel treatment approaches for conditions like depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Gupta
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, India
| | - Susha Dinesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sameer Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, India
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2
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Tóth G, Santa-Maria AR, Herke I, Gáti T, Galvis-Montes D, Walter FR, Deli MA, Hunyadi A. Highly Oxidized Ecdysteroids from a Commercial Cyanotis arachnoidea Root Extract as Potent Blood-Brain Barrier Protective Agents. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1074-1080. [PMID: 36825873 PMCID: PMC10152481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ecdysteroid-containing herbal extracts, commonly prepared from the roots of Cyanotis arachnoidea, are marketed worldwide as a "green" anabolic food supplement. Herein are reported the isolation and complete 1H and 13C NMR signal assignments of three new minor ecdysteroids (compounds 2-4) from this extract. Compound 4 was identified as a possible artifact that gradually forms through the autoxidation of calonysterone. The compounds tested demonstrated a significant protective effect on the blood-brain barrier endothelial cells against oxidative stress or inflammation at a concentration of 1 μM. Based on these results, minor ecdysteroids present in food supplements may offer health benefits in various neurodegenerative disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Tóth
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, NMR Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ana R. Santa-Maria
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ibolya Herke
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, NMR Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gáti
- Servier
Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (SRIMC), H-1031 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Fruzsina R. Walter
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Attila Hunyadi
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, and Interdisciplinary
Centre of Natural Products, University of
Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Dodd J, Jordan R, Makhlina M, Barnett K, Roffel A, Spana C, Obr A, Dhingra P, Kayne PS. A novel oral formulation of the melanocortin-1 receptor agonist PL8177 resolves inflammation in preclinical studies of inflammatory bowel disease and is gut restricted in rats, dogs, and humans. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083333. [PMID: 36891301 PMCID: PMC9986545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction PL8177 is a potent and selective agonist of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). PL8177 has shown efficacy in reversing intestinal inflammation in a cannulated rat ulcerative colitis model. To facilitate oral delivery, a novel, polymer-encapsulated formulation of PL8177 was developed. This formulation was tested in 2 rat ulcerative colitis models and evaluated for distribution, in vivo, in rats, dogs, and humans. Methods The rat models of colitis were induced by treatment with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid or dextran sulfate sodium. Single nuclei RNA sequencing of colon tissues was performed to characterize the mechanism of action. The distribution and concentration of PL8177 and the main metabolite within the GI tract after a single oral dose of PL8177 was investigated in rats and dogs. A phase 0 clinical study using a single microdose (70 µg) of [14C]-labeled PL8177 investigated the release of PL8177 in the colon of healthy men after oral administration. Results Rats treated with 50 µg oral PL8177 demonstrated significantly lower macroscopic colon damage scores and improvement in colon weight, stool consistency, and fecal occult blood vs the vehicle without active drug. Histopathology analysis resulted in the maintenance of intact colon structure and barrier, reduced immune cell infiltration, and increased enterocytes with PL8177 treatment. Transcriptome data show that oral PL8177 50 µg treatment causes relative cell populations and key gene expressions levels to move closer to healthy controls. Compared with vehicle, treated colon samples show negative enrichment of immune marker genes and diverse immune-related pathways. In rats and dogs, orally administered PL8177 was detected at higher amounts in the colon vs upper GI tract. [14C]-PL8177 and the main metabolite were detected in the feces but not in the plasma and urine in humans. This suggests that the parent drug [14C]-PL8177 was released from the polymer formulation and metabolized within the GI tract, where it would be expected to exert its effect. Conclusion Collectively, these findings support further research into the oral formulation of PL8177 as a possible therapeutic for GI inflammatory diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dodd
- Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, United States
| | - Robert Jordan
- Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, United States
| | | | - Keith Barnett
- Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, United States
| | - Ad Roffel
- Consulting & Advisory Services – Clinical Pharmacology, ICON plc, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Carl Spana
- Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, United States
| | - Alison Obr
- Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, United States
| | | | - Paul S. Kayne
- Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, United States
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Huber I, Pandur E, Sipos K, Barna L, Harazin A, Deli MA, Tyukodi L, Gulyás-Fekete G, Kulcsár G, Rozmer Z. Novel cyclic C 5-curcuminoids penetrating the blood-brain barrier: Design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity against astrocytoma and neuroblastoma cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 173:106184. [PMID: 35413433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel series of cyclic C5-curcuminoids 17a-j and 19-22 were prepared as cytotoxic agents and evaluated against human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) or human grade IV astrocytoma (CCF-STTG1) cell lines in low (∼0.1 nM - 10 nM) concentrations. Among the tested 21 derivatives, 16 displayed potent antiproliferative activity with IC50 values in the low nanomolar to picomolar range (IC50 = 7.483-0.139 nM). Highly active compounds like N-monocarboxylic derivative 19b with IC50 = 0.139 nM value against neuroblastoma and N-alkyl substituted 11 with IC50 = 0.257 nM against astrocytoma proved some degree of selectivity toward non-cancerous astrocytes and kidney cells. This potent anticancer activity did not show a strong correlation with experimental logPTLC values, but the most potent antiproliferative molecules 11-13 and 19-22 are belonging to discrete subgroups of the cyclic C5-curcuminoids. Compounds 12, 17c and 19b were subjected to blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration studies, too. The BBB was revealed to be permeable for all of them but, as the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values mirrored, in different ratios. Lower toxicity of 12, 17c and 19b was observed toward primary rat brain endothelial cells of the BBB model, which means they remained undamaged under 10 µM concentrations. Penetration depends, at least in part, on albumin binding of 12, 17c and 19b and the presence of monocarboxylic acid transporters in the case of 19b. Permeation through the BBB and albumin binding, we described here, is the first example of cyclic C5-curcuminoids as to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Huber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Edina Pandur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Sipos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lilla Barna
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Harazin
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária A Deli
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Levente Tyukodi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Győző Kulcsár
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Rozmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Yu LM, Mao LQ, Wu CY, Ye W, Wang X. Chlorogenic acid improves intestinal barrier function by downregulating CD14 to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Rusznyák Á, Malanga M, Fenyvesi É, Szente L, Váradi J, Bácskay I, Vecsernyés M, Vasvári G, Haimhoffer Á, Fehér P, Ujhelyi Z, Nagy Jr. B, Fejes Z, Fenyvesi F. Investigation of the Cellular Effects of Beta- Cyclodextrin Derivatives on Caco-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020157. [PMID: 33504045 PMCID: PMC7911713 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are widely used excipients for increasing water-solubility, delivery and bioavailability of lipophilic drugs. By using fluorescent cyclodextrin derivatives, we showed previously that cyclodextrins are able to enter Caco-2 intestinal cells by endocytosis, but the influence of different fluorescent labeling on the same cyclodextrin derivative has not been studied. The consequences of the cellular internalization of cyclodextrins have not been revealed yet either. The aims of this study were to compare the cellular internalization of fluorescein- and rhodamine-labeled (2-hydroxypropyl)-, (HPBCD) and randommethyl-β-cyclodextrins (RAMEB) and to investigate the intracellular effects of these derivatives on Caco-2 cells. Stimulation of the NF-kappa B pathway and autophagy and localization of these derivatives in lysosomes were tested. The endocytosis of these derivatives was examined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Both fluorescein- and rhodamine-labeled derivatives entered the cells, therefore the type of the fluorescent labeling did not influence their internalization. Cyclodextrin pretreatment did not activate the translocation of the p65 subunit of the NF-kappa B heterodimer into the cell nuclei from the cytoplasm. After HPBCD or RAMEB treatment, formation of the autophagosomes did not increase compared to the control sample and at the same time these derivatives could be detected in lysosomes after internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Rusznyák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.R.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (P.F.); (Z.U.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Milo Malanga
- Cyclolab Cyclodextrin R & D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos St. 7, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (É.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Éva Fenyvesi
- Cyclolab Cyclodextrin R & D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos St. 7, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (É.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Lajos Szente
- Cyclolab Cyclodextrin R & D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos St. 7, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (É.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.R.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (P.F.); (Z.U.)
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.R.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (P.F.); (Z.U.)
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.R.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (P.F.); (Z.U.)
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.R.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (P.F.); (Z.U.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.R.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (P.F.); (Z.U.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.R.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (P.F.); (Z.U.)
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.R.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (P.F.); (Z.U.)
| | - Béla Nagy Jr.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.N.J.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zsolt Fejes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.N.J.); (Z.F.)
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.R.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (P.F.); (Z.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52/411-717/54505
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Rochereau N, Roblin X, Michaud E, Gayet R, Chanut B, Jospin F, Corthésy B, Paul S. NOD2 deficiency increases retrograde transport of secretory IgA complexes in Crohn's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:261. [PMID: 33431850 PMCID: PMC7801705 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microfold cells are the primary pathway for translocation of secretory IgA (SIgA)-pathogen complexes to gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Uptake of SIgA/commensals complexes is important for priming adaptive immunity in the mucosa. This study aims to explore the effect of SIgA retrograde transport of immune complexes in Crohn's disease (CD). Here we report a significant increase of SIgA transport in CD patients with NOD2-mutation compared to CD patients without NOD2 mutation and/or healthy individuals. NOD2 has an effect in the IgA transport through human and mouse M cells by downregulating Dectin-1 and Siglec-5 expression, two receptors involved in retrograde transport. These findings define a mechanism of NOD2-mediated regulation of mucosal responses to intestinal microbiota, which is involved in CD intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rochereau
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Xavier Roblin
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Eva Michaud
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Rémi Gayet
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blandine Chanut
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabienne Jospin
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blaise Corthésy
- R&D Laboratory of the Division of Immunology and Allergy, CHUV, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Paul
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
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Dinparastisaleh R, Mirsaeidi M. Antifibrotic and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of α-Melanocytic Hormone: New Roles for an Old Player. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010045. [PMID: 33430064 PMCID: PMC7827684 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin system encompasses melanocortin peptides, five receptors, and two endogenous antagonists. Besides pigmentary effects generated by α-Melanocytic Hormone (α-MSH), new physiologic roles in sexual activity, exocrine secretion, energy homeostasis, as well as immunomodulatory actions, exerted by melanocortins, have been described recently. Among the most common and burdensome consequences of chronic inflammation is the development of fibrosis. Depending on the regenerative capacity of the affected tissue and the quality of the inflammatory response, the outcome is not always perfect, with the development of some fibrosis. Despite the heterogeneous etiology and clinical presentations, fibrosis in many pathological states follows the same path of activation or migration of fibroblasts, and the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which produce collagen and α-SMA in fibrosing tissue. The melanocortin agonists might have favorable effects on the trajectories leading from tissue injury to inflammation, from inflammation to fibrosis, and from fibrosis to organ dysfunction. In this review we briefly summarized the data on structure, receptor signaling, and anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties of α-MSH and proposed that α-MSH analogues might be promising future therapeutic candidates for inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, regarding their favorable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Dinparastisaleh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-243-1377
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Nanostructured lipid carriers as oral delivery systems for improving oral bioavailability of nintedanib by promoting intestinal absorption. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Seo SH, Jo JK, Kim EJ, Park SE, Shin SY, Park KM, Son HS. Metabolomics Reveals the Alteration of Metabolic Pathway by Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153384. [PMID: 32722640 PMCID: PMC7436294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the changes of metabolic pathway induced by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in B16F10 melanoma cells in an untargeted metabolomics approach. Cells were treated with 100 nM of α-MSH and then incubated for 48 h. α-MSH increased tyrosinase activity and melanin content by 56.5 and 61.7%, respectively, compared to untreated cells after 48 h of cultivation. The clear separation between groups was observed in the principal component analysis score plot, indicating that the levels of metabolites of melanoma cells were altered by treatment with α-MSH. Metabolic pathways affected by α-MSH were involved in some amino acid metabolisms. The increased levels of fumaric acid, malic acid, oxaloacetic acid and citric acid related to the citric acid cycle pathway after α-MSH treatment suggested enhanced energy metabolism. Metabolic pathways altered by α-MSH treatment can provide useful information to develop new skin pigmentation inhibitors or anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Seo
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (J.K.J.); (E.-J.K.); (S.-E.P.)
| | - Jae Kwon Jo
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (J.K.J.); (E.-J.K.); (S.-E.P.)
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (J.K.J.); (E.-J.K.); (S.-E.P.)
| | - Seong-Eun Park
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (J.K.J.); (E.-J.K.); (S.-E.P.)
| | - Seo Yeon Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Korea;
| | - Kyung Mok Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.M.P.); (H.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-32-551-3629 (K.M.P.); +82-61-330-3513 (H.-S.S.)
| | - Hong-Seok Son
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (J.K.J.); (E.-J.K.); (S.-E.P.)
- Correspondence: (K.M.P.); (H.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-32-551-3629 (K.M.P.); +82-61-330-3513 (H.-S.S.)
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11
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Gróf I, Bocsik A, Harazin A, Santa-Maria AR, Vizsnyiczai G, Barna L, Kiss L, Fűr G, Rakonczay Z, Ambrus R, Szabó-Révész P, Gosselet F, Jaikumpun P, Szabó H, Zsembery Á, Deli MA. The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate, a Beneficial Adjuvant Molecule in Cystic Fibrosis, on Bronchial Epithelial Cells Expressing a Wild-Type or Mutant CFTR Channel. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114024. [PMID: 32512832 PMCID: PMC7312297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental results with inhaled sodium bicarbonate as an adjuvant therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) are promising due to its mucolytic and bacteriostatic properties, but its direct effect has not been studied on respiratory epithelial cells. Our aim was to establish and characterize co-culture models of human CF bronchial epithelial (CFBE) cell lines expressing a wild-type (WT) or mutant (deltaF508) CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel with human vascular endothelial cells and investigate the effects of bicarbonate. Vascular endothelial cells induced better barrier properties in CFBE cells as reflected by the higher resistance and lower permeability values. Activation of CFTR by cAMP decreased the electrical resistance in WT but not in mutant CFBE cell layers confirming the presence and absence of functional channels, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate (100 mM) was well-tolerated by CFBE cells: it slightly reduced the impedance of WT but not that of the mutant CFBE cells. Sodium bicarbonate significantly decreased the more-alkaline intracellular pH of the mutant CFBE cells, while the barrier properties of the models were only minimally changed. These observations indicate that sodium bicarbonate is beneficial to deltaF508-CFTR expressing CFBE cells. Thus, sodium bicarbonate may have a direct therapeutic effect on the bronchial epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Gróf
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - András Harazin
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana Raquel Santa-Maria
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gaszton Vizsnyiczai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Lilla Barna
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lóránd Kiss
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (G.F.); (Z.R.J.)
| | - Gabriella Fűr
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (G.F.); (Z.R.J.)
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (G.F.); (Z.R.J.)
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.); (P S.-R.)
| | - Piroska Szabó-Révész
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.); (P S.-R.)
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, UR 2465, Artois University, F-62300 Lens, France;
| | - Pongsiri Jaikumpun
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.J.); (Á.Z.)
| | - Hajnalka Szabó
- Department of Pediatrics, Fejér County Szent György University Teaching Hospital, H-8000 Székesfehérvár, Hungary;
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.J.); (Á.Z.)
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Albumin Nano-Encapsulation of Piceatannol Enhances Its Anticancer Potential in Colon Cancer Via Downregulation of Nuclear p65 and HIF-1α. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010113. [PMID: 31906321 PMCID: PMC7017258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Piceatannol (PIC) is known to have anticancer activity, which has been attributed to its ability to block the proliferation of cancer cells via suppression of the NF-kB signaling pathway. However, its effect on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is not well known in cancer. In this study, PIC was loaded into bovine serum albumin (BSA) by desolvation method as PIC–BSA nanoparticles (NPs). These PIC–BSA nanoparticles were assessed for in vitro cytotoxicity, migration, invasion, and colony formation studies and levels of p65 and HIF-1α. Our results indicate that PIC–BSA NPs were more effective in downregulating the expression of nuclear p65 and HIF-1α in colon cancer cells as compared to free PIC. We also observed a significant reduction in inflammation induced by chemical colitis in mice by PIC–BSA NPs. Furthermore, a significant reduction in tumor size and number of colon tumors was also observed in the murine model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer, when treated with PIC–BSA NPs as compared to free PIC. The overall results indicate that PIC, when formulated as PIC–BSA NPs, enhances its therapeutic potential. Our work could prompt further research in using natural anticancer agents as nanoparticels with possible human clinical trails. This could lead to the development of a new line of safe and effective therapeutics for cancer patients.
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13
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Tan X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Ren T, Gou J, Guo W, Yin T, He H, Zhang Y, Tang X. Cell-penetrating peptide together with PEG-modified mesostructured silica nanoparticles promotes mucous permeation and oral delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2934-2950. [PMID: 31094367 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00274j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Poor permeation across intestinal mucous barriers often limits the oral delivery of prospective therapeutic proteins and peptides (TPPs). In order to address this issue, cell penetrating peptide (CPP) together with PEG modified and pore-enlarged mesostructured silica nanoparticle (NP) were constructed to form the mucus-penetrating electrostatic particle-complexes, CPP/TPP/NP. Alone, CPP and TPP often present with poor stability, and their traditional electrostatic complex shows reduced pharmacodynamics. To provide satisfactory protection, silica NPs were loaded with CPP and TPP (CPP@NP and TPP@NP), respectively, and then CPP@NP and TPP@NP could together form CPP/TPP/NP via electrostatic interaction. As a result, CPP involvement with PEG modification showed an 8.45-, 1.62- and 5.09-fold increase in cellular uptake, exocytosis and final transcellular permeation in mucous conditions, respectively. It was found that CPP involvement mainly affected transport and exocytosis, and the PEG polymer significantly influenced mucous penetration and cellular uptake, which could further promote CPP ability for uptake and exocytosis. Additionally, NP-mediated CPP/TPP/NP showed a similar uptake mechanism with supporting carriers (clathrin-mediated endocytosis), and could strengthen transcellular routes (the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus pathway and the lysosome route). Utilizing recombinant growth hormone (RGH) as a model TPP, oral administration of the RGH-loaded CPP/TPP/LMSN-PEG10k with hydrophilic and electroneutral properties induced 5.41- and 4.91-fold increases in pharmacodynamics in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Thus, CPP/TPP/NP significantly promoted mucous permeation and shows promising potential for oral delivery of TPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wen Hua Road No. 103, Shenyang, China.
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14
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Dreyer L, Smith C, Deane SM, Dicks LMT, van Staden AD. Migration of Bacteriocins Across Gastrointestinal Epithelial and Vascular Endothelial Cells, as Determined Using In Vitro Simulations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11481. [PMID: 31391488 PMCID: PMC6685951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the migration of bacteriocins across human cells. In this study, we report on migration of three bacteriocins nisin, plantaricin 423 and bacST4SA across colonic adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Bacteriocins were fluorescently labelled while still maintaining antimicrobial activity. Migration of fluorescently labelled bacteriocins across monolayers was assessed in vitro using transmigration well inserts. After 3 h, 75% of nisin, 85% of plantaricin 423 and 82% of bacST4SA migrated across the Caco-2 cell monolayer. Over the same time span, 88% nisin, 93% plantaricin 423 and 91% bacST4SA migrated across the HUVEC monolayer. The viability of both cell types remained unchanged when exposed to 50 µM of nisin, plantaricin 423 or bacST4SA. The effect of human plasma on bacteriocin activity was also assessed. Activity loss was dependent on bacteriocin type and concentration, with the class-IIa bacteriocins retaining more activity compared to nisin. This is the first report of bacteriocins migrating across simulated gastrointestinal- and vascular-barriers. This study provides some of the first evidence that bacteriocins are capable of crossing the gut-blood-barrier. However, in vivo studies need to be performed to confirm these findings and expand on the role of bacteriocin migration across cell barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leané Dreyer
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Shelly M Deane
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Anton D van Staden
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
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15
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Lee S, Ju W, Tin TD, Kim J, Lee JS, Park CH, Kwak SH. Effect of BMS-470539 on lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil activation. Korean J Anesthesiol 2019; 73:151-157. [PMID: 31378052 PMCID: PMC7113170 DOI: 10.4097/kja.19233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BMS-470539, a recently introduced selective agonist of the melanocortin 1 receptor, is known to have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of BMS-470539 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and delayed apoptosis with its signaling pathways in human neutrophils. Methods Isolated human neutrophils were incubated with various concentrations of BMS-470539 (1, 10, and 100 µM) in the presence or absence of LPS (100 ng/ml), and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, were assessed. The effects of BMS-470539 on the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in LPS-stimulated human neutrophils, were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neutrophil apoptosis was also measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (annexin V/propidium iodide) in LPS-stimulated neutrophils under treatment with BMS-470539. Results BMS-470539 attenuated LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB. LPS stimulation reduced neutrophil apoptosis compared to the controls; however, BMS-470539 significantly inhibited the reduction of neutrophil apoptosis. Conclusions BMS-470539 can suppress the inflammatory responses of LPS-stimulated neutrophils by inhibition of MAPK pathways or NF-κB pathway, and it can also inhibit LPS-delayed neutrophil apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongheon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Wan Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tran Duc Tin
- Brain Korea 21 Project, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joungmin Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Cheon Hee Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Project, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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16
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Webering S, Lunding LP, Vock C, Schröder A, Gaede KI, Herzmann C, Fehrenbach H, Wegmann M. The alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone acts as a local immune homeostasis factor in experimental allergic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1026-1039. [PMID: 30980429 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Originally, the neuropeptide α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) has been described as a mediator of skin pigmentation. However, recent studies have shown that α-MSH is able to modulate inflammation in various tissues including the lung. So far, it is still not clear whether α-MSH also plays a role in allergic bronchial asthma. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at investigating the role and regulatory mechanisms of α-MSH in asthma pathogenesis. METHODS α-MSH levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals as well as of healthy mice and mice with experimental asthma. Wild-type mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and exposed to an OVA aerosol in order to induce experimental allergic asthma. α-MSH was administrated intratracheally, the α-MSH antibody intraperitoneally prior each OVA challenge. Airway inflammation, cytokine production, mucus production, airway hyperresponsiveness and receptor expression were assessed. RESULTS α-MSH levels in BAL of asthmatic individuals and mice were significantly higher compared to healthy controls. In a mouse model of experimental asthma, α-MSH neutralization increased airway inflammation and mucus production, whereas local administration of α-MSH significantly reduced inflammation of the airways. The beneficial effects were further associated with decreased levels of eosinophilic chemoattractant factors that are released by MC5R-positive T helper 2 and airway epithelial cells. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE α-MSH acts as a regulatory factor to maintain local immune homeostasis in allergic bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Webering
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel- Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Lars Peter Lunding
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel- Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christina Vock
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel- Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schröder
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel- Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Karoline I Gaede
- BioMaterialBank Nord, Research Center Borstel- Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christian Herzmann
- Center for Clinical Studies, Research Center Borstel- Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Heinz Fehrenbach
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel- Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel- Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
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17
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Aresti Sanz J, El Aidy S. Microbiota and gut neuropeptides: a dual action of antimicrobial activity and neuroimmune response. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1597-1609. [PMID: 30997526 PMCID: PMC6598950 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is comprised of a vast variety of microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract and exert crucial roles for the host health. These microorganisms, partially via their breakdown of dietary components, are able to modulate immune response, mood, and behavior, establishing a chemical dialogue in the microbiota-gut-brain interphase. Changes in the gut microbiota composition and functionality are associated with multiple diseases, in which altered levels of gut-associated neuropeptides are also detected. Gut neuropeptides are strong neuroimmune modulators; they mediate the communication between the gut microbiota and the host (including gut-brain axis) and have also recently been found to exert antimicrobial properties. This highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between gut neuropeptides and microbiota and their implications on host health. Here, we will discuss how gut neuropeptides help to maintain a balanced microbiota and we will point at the missing gaps that need to be further investigated in order to elucidate whether these molecules are related to neuropsychiatric disorders, which are often associated with gut dysbiosis and altered gut neuropeptide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Aresti Sanz
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Le Phuong Nguyen T, Fenyvesi F, Remenyik J, Homoki JR, Gogolák P, Bácskay I, Fehér P, Ujhelyi Z, Vasvári G, Vecsernyés M, Váradi J. Protective Effect of Pure Sour Cherry Anthocyanin Extract on Cytokine-Induced Inflammatory Caco-2 Monolayers. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070861. [PMID: 29970869 PMCID: PMC6073755 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins have several beneficial effects, especially on inflammatory and oxidative conditions. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), induce damage in the intestinal barrier and participate in the pathogenesis of chronic bowel diseases. A number of fruits have high anthocyanin contents with strong biological activity which can support protective actions. Sour cherry (Prunus cerassus) is one of the richest fruits in anthocyanins; especially it has high content of cyanidins. The aim of this study was to test the biological effects of a pure sour cherry anthocyanin extract under inflammatory conditions on the intestinal barrier. Caco-2 monolayers were stimulated with 50 ng/mL TNF-α and 25 ng/mL IL-1β, and the protective effects of the anthocyanin extract were examined. We demonstrated the safety of 500, 50, 5 and 0.5 µM anthocyanin extracts through cell impedance measurements. The 50 µM anthocyanin extract inhibited the cytokine-induced Caco-2 permeability and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunits. The extract significantly reduced the release of IL-6 and IL-8 production in intestinal cells and glutathione peroxidase activity stimulated by cytokines. We demonstrated, for the first time, the beneficial effects of pure sour cherry anthocyanin extract on inflammatory Caco-2 monolayers, indicating that this substance could be protective in inflammatory bowel diseases and is an excellent raw material for further applications and formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Le Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4030 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4030 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Department of Feed- and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4030 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Judit Rita Homoki
- Department of Feed- and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4030 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Péter Gogolák
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4030 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4030 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4030 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4030 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4030 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4030 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4030 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Endothelial cell activation is attenuated by everolimus via transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms after drug-eluting coronary stenting. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197890. [PMID: 29889836 PMCID: PMC5995375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously found higher level of endothelial cell (EC) activation in patients who suffered from in-stent restenosis after bare-metal stenting compared to subjects who underwent drug-eluting stenting (DES) showing no complications. Here we investigated the potential transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms by which everolimus attenuated EC activation after DES. We studied the effect of everolimus on E-selectin (SELE) and VCAM1 mRNA levels when human coronary artery (HCAECs) and human umbilical vein ECs were challenged with recombinant TNF-α (100 ng/mL) for 1–24 hours in the presence or absence of everolimus using 0.5 μM concentration locally maintained by DES. EC activation was evaluated via the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNAs with miR-155 expression by RT-qPCR as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) detected by fluorescence microscopy. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of E-selectin and VCAM-1, TNF-α-induced enhancer RNA (eRNA) expression at p65-bound enhancers in the neighboring genomic regions of SELE and VCAM1 genes, including SELE_-11Kb and VCAM1_-10Kb, were measured in HCAECs. Mature and precursor levels of E-selectin and VCAM-1 repressor miR-181b were quantified to analyze the post-transcriptional regulation of these genes in HCAECs. Circulating miR-181b was analyzed in plasma samples of stented subjects by stem-loop RT-qPCR. TNF-α highly elevated E-selectin and VCAM-1 expression at transcriptional level in ECs. Levels of mature, pre- and pri-miR-181b were repressed in ECs by TNF-α, while everolimus acted as a negative regulator of EC activation via inhibited translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit into cell nuclei, lowered eRNA expression at SELE and VCAM1 genes-associated enhancers and modulated expression of their post-transcriptional repressor miR-181b. Significant negative correlation was observed between plasma miR-181b and soluble E-selectin and VCAM-1 in patients. In conclusion, everolimus attenuates EC activation via reduced NF-κB p65 translocation causing decreased E-selectin and VCAM-1 expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level after DES.
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Harazin A, Bocsik A, Barna L, Kincses A, Váradi J, Fenyvesi F, Tubak V, Deli MA, Vecsernyés M. Protection of cultured brain endothelial cells from cytokine-induced damage by α-melanocyte stimulating hormone. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4774. [PMID: 29780671 PMCID: PMC5958884 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB), an interface between the systemic circulation and the nervous system, can be a target of cytokines in inflammatory conditions. Pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induce damage in brain endothelial cells and BBB dysfunction which contribute to neuronal injury. The neuroprotective effects of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) were investigated in experimental models, but there are no data related to the BBB. Based on our recent study, in which α-MSH reduced barrier dysfunction in human intestinal epithelial cells induced by TNF-α and IL-1β, we hypothesized a protective effect of α-MSH on brain endothelial cells. We examined the effect of these two pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the neuropeptide α-MSH on a culture model of the BBB, primary rat brain endothelial cells co-cultured with rat brain pericytes and glial cells. We demonstrated the expression of melanocortin-1 receptor in isolated rat brain microvessels and cultured brain endothelial cells by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. TNF-α and IL-1β induced cell damage, measured by impedance and MTT assay, which was attenuated by α-MSH (1 and 10 pM). The peptide inhibited the cytokine-induced increase in brain endothelial permeability, and restored the morphological changes in cellular junctions visualized by immunostaining for claudin-5 and β-catenin. Elevated production of reactive oxygen species and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB were also reduced by α-MSH in brain endothelial cells stimulated by cytokines. We demonstrated for the first time the direct beneficial effect of α-MSH on cultured brain endothelial cells, indicating that this neurohormone may be protective at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Harazin
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lilla Barna
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Kincses
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Maria A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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22
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Noben M, Vanhove W, Arnauts K, Santo Ramalho A, Van Assche G, Vermeire S, Verfaillie C, Ferrante M. Human intestinal epithelium in a dish: Current models for research into gastrointestinal pathophysiology. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5:1073-1081. [PMID: 29238585 PMCID: PMC5721984 DOI: 10.1177/2050640617722903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the exact pathogenesis of chronic gastrointestinal diseases remains difficult due to the complex in vivo environment. In this review we give an overview of the available epithelial cell culture systems developed to investigate pathophysiology of gastrointestinal diseases. Traditionally used two-dimensional (2D) immortalised (tumour) cell lines survive long-term, but are not genetically stable nor represent any human in particular. In contrast, primary cultures are patient unique, but short-lived. Three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures resemble the crypt-villus domain and contain all cell lineages, are long-lived and genetically stable. Unfortunately, manipulation of the 3D organoid system is more challenging. Combining the 3D and 2D technologies may overcome limitations and offer the formation of monolayers on permeable membranes or flow-chambers. Determining the right model to use will depend on the pathology of interest and the focus of the research, defining which cell types need to be included in the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Noben
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration,
Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wiebe Vanhove
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaline Arnauts
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration,
Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anabela Santo Ramalho
- Department of Development and Regeneration,
Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Assche
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration,
Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Wang Q, Li C, Ren T, Chen S, Ye X, Guo H, He H, Zhang Y, Yin T, Liang XJ, Tang X. Poly(vinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride)-Doped PEG-PLA Nanoparticles for Oral Paclitaxel Delivery To Improve Bioadhesive Efficiency. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3598-3608. [PMID: 28892400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioadhesive nanoparticles based on poly(vinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride) (PVMMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-b-poly(d,l-lactic acid) (mPEG-b-PLA) were produced by the emulsification solvent evaporation method. Paclitaxel was utilized as the model drug, with an encapsulation efficiency of up to 90.2 ± 4.0%. The nanoparticles were uniform and spherical in shape and exhibited a sustained drug release compared with Taxol. m-NPs also exhibited favorable bioadhesive efficiency at the same time. Coumarin 6 or DiR-loaded nanoparticles with/without PVMMA (C6-m-NPs/DiR-m-NPs or C6-p-NPs/DiR-p-NPs) were used for cellular uptake and intestinal adhesion experiments, respectively. C6-m-NPs were shown to enhance cellular uptake, and caveolae/lipid raft mediated endocytosis was the primary route for the uptake of the nanoparticles. Favorable bioadhesive efficiency led to prolonged retention in the intestine reflected by the fluorescence in isolated intestines ex vivo. In a ligated intestinal loops model, C6-m-NPs showed a clear advantage for transporting NPs across the mucus layer over C6-p-NPs and free C6. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of PTX-m-NPs through Caco-2/HT29 monolayers was 1.3- and 1.6-fold higher than PTX-p-NPs and Taxol, respectively, which was consistent with the AUC0-t of different PTX formulations after oral administration in rats. PTX-m-NPs also exhibited a more effective anticancer efficacy, with an IC50 of 0.2 ± 1.4 μg/mL for A549 cell lines, further demonstrating the advantage of bioadhesive nanoparticles. The bioadhesive nanoparticles m-NPs demonstrated both mucus permeation and epithelial absorption, and thus, this bioadhesive drug delivery system has the potential to improve the bioavailability of drugs that are insoluble in the gastrointestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chan Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tianyang Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Shizhu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Ye
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haibing He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
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