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Abstract
Major advances in biomedical imaging have occurred over the last 2 decades and now allow many physiological, cellular, and molecular processes to be imaged noninvasively in small animal models of cardiovascular disease. Many of these techniques can be also used in humans, providing pathophysiological context and helping to define the clinical relevance of the model. Ultrasound remains the most widely used approach, and dedicated high-frequency systems can obtain extremely detailed images in mice. Likewise, dedicated small animal tomographic systems have been developed for magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, fluorescence imaging, and computed tomography in mice. In this article, we review the use of ultrasound and positron emission tomography in small animal models, as well as emerging contrast mechanisms in magnetic resonance such as diffusion tensor imaging, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance, chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, magnetic resonance elastography and strain, arterial spin labeling, and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Sosnovik
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Research Center (D.E.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (D.E.S.)
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Cardiology Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (M.S.-C)
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2
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Sharma P, Wang X, Ming CLC, Vettori L, Figtree G, Boyle A, Gentile C. Considerations for the Bioengineering of Advanced Cardiac In Vitro Models of Myocardial Infarction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2003765. [PMID: 33464713 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the latest advances in cardiovascular biology and medicine, myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the major causes of deaths worldwide. While reperfusion of the myocardium is critical to limit the ischemic damage typical of a MI event, it causes detrimental morphological and functional changes known as "reperfusion injury." This complex scenario is poorly represented in currently available models of ischemia/reperfusion injury, leading to a poor translation of findings from the bench to the bedside. However, more recent bioengineered in vitro models of the human heart represent more clinically relevant tools to prevent and treat MI in patients. These include 3D cultures of cardiac cells, the use of patient-derived stem cells, and 3D bioprinting technology. This review aims at highlighting the major features typical of a heart attack while comparing current in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. This information has the potential to further guide in developing novel advanced in vitro cardiac models of ischemia/reperfusion injury. It may pave the way for the generation of advanced pathophysiological cardiac models with the potential to develop personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Clara Liu Chung Ming
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Laura Vettori
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gemma Figtree
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Andrew Boyle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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3
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Echocardiography-guided percutaneous left ventricular intracavitary injection as a cell delivery approach in infarcted mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2135-2148. [PMID: 33547546 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the field of cell therapy for heart disease, a new paradigm of repeated dosing of cells has recently emerged. However, the lack of a repeatable cell delivery method in preclinical studies in rodents is a major obstacle to investigating this paradigm. We have established and standardized a method of echocardiography-guided percutaneous left ventricular intracavitary injection (echo-guided LV injection) as a cell delivery approach in infarcted mice. Here, we describe the method in detail and address several important issues regarding it. First, by integrating anatomical and echocardiographic considerations, we have established strategies to determine a safe anatomical window for injection in infarcted mice. Second, we summarize our experience with this method (734 injections). The overall survival rate was 91.4%. Third, we examined the efficacy of this cell delivery approach. Compared with vehicle treatment, cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs) delivered via this method improved cardiac function assessed both echocardiographically and hemodynamically. Furthermore, repeated injections of CMCs via this method yielded greater cardiac function improvement than single-dose administration. Echo-guided LV injection is a feasible, reproducible, relatively less invasive and effective delivery method for cell therapy in murine models of heart disease. It is an important approach that could move the field of cell therapy forward, especially with regard to repeated cell administrations.
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4
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Bracco Gartner TCL, Deddens JC, Mol EA, Magin Ferrer M, van Laake LW, Bouten CVC, Khademhosseini A, Doevendans PA, Suyker WJL, Sluijter JPG, Hjortnaes J. Anti-fibrotic Effects of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in a 3D-Model of Human Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:52. [PMID: 31080805 PMCID: PMC6497755 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts play a key role in chronic heart failure. The conversion from cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast as a result of cardiac injury, will lead to excessive matrix deposition and a perpetuation of pro-fibrotic signaling. Cardiac cell therapy for chronic heart failure may be able to target fibroblast behavior in a paracrine fashion. However, no reliable human fibrotic tissue model exists to evaluate this potential effect of cardiac cell therapy. Using a gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel and human fetal cardiac fibroblasts (hfCF), we created a 3D in vitro model of human cardiac fibrosis. This model was used to study the possibility to modulate cellular fibrotic responses. Our approach demonstrated paracrine inhibitory effects of cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) on both cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen synthesis in vitro and revealed that continuous cross-talk between hfCF and CPC seems to be indispensable for the observed anti-fibrotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom C L Bracco Gartner
- Division Heart, and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janine C Deddens
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Emma A Mol
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marina Magin Ferrer
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linda W van Laake
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Director of Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Willem J L Suyker
- Division Heart, and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Division Heart, and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Li T, Su Y, Yu X, Mouniir DSA, Masau JF, Wei X, Yang J. Trop2 Guarantees Cardioprotective Effects of Cortical Bone-Derived Stem Cells on Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1256-1268. [PMID: 30008230 PMCID: PMC6434467 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718786882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation represents a promising therapeutic approach for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, where cortical bone-derived stem cells (CBSCs) stand out and hold superior cardioprotective effects on myocardial infarction than other types of stem cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying CBSCs function on myocardial I/R injury is poorly understood. In a previous study, we reported that Trop2 (trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2) is expressed exclusively on the CBSCs membrane, and is involved in regulation of proliferation and differentiation of CBSCs. In this study, we found that the Trop2 is essential for the ameliorative effects of CBSCs on myocardial I/R-induced heart damage via promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting cardiomyocytes apoptosis in a paracrine manner. Trop2 is required for the colonization of CBSCs in recipient hearts. When Trop2 was knocked out, CBSCs largely lost their functions in lowering myocardial infarction size, improving heart function, enhancing capillary density, and suppressing myocardial cell death. Mechanistically, activating the AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin signaling axis contributes to the essential role of Trop2 in CBSCs-rendered cardioprotective effects on myocardial I/R injury. In conclusion, maintaining the expression and/or activation of Trop2 in CBSCs might be a promising strategy for treating myocardial infarction, I/R injury, and other related heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- 1 Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,2 Division of Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunshu Su
- 1 Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiongli Yu
- 3 Division of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Endoscopy Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Durgahee S A Mouniir
- 1 Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jackson Ferdinand Masau
- 1 Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- 1 Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianye Yang
- 1 Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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