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Zhang Z, Gong N, Wang Y, Xu L, Zhao S, Liu Y, Tan F. Impact of Strontium, Magnesium, and Zinc Ions on the In Vitro Osteogenesis of Maxillary Sinus Membrane Stem Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04303-4. [PMID: 39150638 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Human Maxillary Sinus Membrane Stem Cells (hMSMSCs) contribute significantly to bone formation following maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA). The biological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells is notably influenced by varying concentrations of magnesium (Mg2+), strontium (Sr2+), and zinc (Zn2+) ions; however, their specific effects on hMSMSCs have not been comprehensively studied. We isolated hMSMSCs and identified their mesenchymal stem cell characteristics by flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation experiments. Subsequently, the hMSMSCs were cultured in media containing different concentrations of these metal ions. The proliferation and viability of hMSMSCs were assessed using CCK-8 and Calcein AM/PI staining. After osteogenic induction, cells were evaluated for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP staining, and Alizarin Red staining. Additionally, qRT-PCR was used to detect differences in osteogenic gene expression, and immunofluorescence staining was used to observe variations in OCN protein levels. The results indicated that 1 mM Mg2+, 0.01 mM Sr2+, and 0.001 mM Zn2+ significantly improved the proliferation and activity of hMSMSCs. These concentrations also notably enhanced ALP secretion, increased bone-related gene expression, and augmented osteocalcin expression and formation of extracellular calcium nodules, thereby improving osteogenic differentiation. However, higher concentrations of Mg2+, Sr2+, and Zn2+ decreased cell viability and osteogenic differentiation. Mg2+, Sr2+, and Zn2+ promote osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of hMSMSCs in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that the type and concentration of ions in the extracellular environment can significantly alter hMSMSCs behavior, which is a crucial consideration for material design in maxillary sinus elevation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontic, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266023, China
| | - Ning Gong
- Department of Prosthodontic, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Prosthodontic, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266023, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Prosthodontic, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266023, China
| | - Sinan Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontic, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266023, China
| | - Yanshan Liu
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266023, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Fei Tan
- Department of Prosthodontic, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266023, China.
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2
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Wang A, Ma X, Bian J, Jiao Z, Zhu Q, Wang P, Zhao Y. Signalling pathways underlying pulsed electromagnetic fields in bone repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1333566. [PMID: 38328443 PMCID: PMC10847561 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1333566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation is a prospective non-invasive and safe physical therapy strategy for accelerating bone repair. PEMFs can activate signalling pathways, modulate ion channels, and regulate the expression of bone-related genes to enhance osteoblast activity and promote the regeneration of neural and vascular tissues, thereby accelerating bone formation during bone repair. Although their mechanisms of action remain unclear, recent studies provide ample evidence of the effects of PEMF on bone repair. In this review, we present the progress of research exploring the effects of PEMF on bone repair and systematically elucidate the mechanisms involved in PEMF-induced bone repair. Additionally, the potential clinical significance of PEMF therapy in fracture healing is underscored. Thus, this review seeks to provide a sufficient theoretical basis for the application of PEMFs in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoao Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbo Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Bian
- Senior Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qiuyi Zhu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yantao Zhao
- Senior Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ciaffaglione V, Rizzarelli E. Carnosine, Zinc and Copper: A Menage a Trois in Bone and Cartilage Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16209. [PMID: 38003398 PMCID: PMC10671046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metal homeostasis is associated with many pathological conditions, including arthritic diseases. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the two most prevalent disorders that damage the joints and lead to cartilage and bone destruction. Recent studies show that the levels of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are generally altered in the serum of arthritis patients. Therefore, metal dyshomeostasis may reflect the contribution of these trace elements to the disease's pathogenesis and manifestations, suggesting their potential for prognosis and treatment. Carnosine (Car) also emerged as a biomarker in arthritis and exerts protective and osteogenic effects in arthritic joints. Notably, its zinc(II) complex, polaprezinc, has been recently proposed as a drug-repurposing candidate for bone fracture healing. On these bases, this review article aims to provide an overview of the beneficial roles of Cu and Zn in bone and cartilage health and their potential application in tissue engineering. The effects of Car and polaprezinc in promoting cartilage and bone regeneration are also discussed. We hypothesize that polaprezinc could exchange Zn for Cu, present in the culture media, due to its higher sequestering ability towards Cu. However, future studies should unveil the potential contribution of Cu in the beneficial effects of polaprezinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ciaffaglione
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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El-Husseiny HM, Kaneda M, Mady EA, Yoshida T, Doghish AS, Tanaka R. Impact of Adipose Tissue Depot Harvesting Site on the Multilineage Induction Capacity of Male Rat Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087513. [PMID: 37108673 PMCID: PMC10138771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, substantial attention has been paid toward adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) as a potential therapy in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Rat AdMSCs (r-AdMSCs) are frequently utilized. However, the influence of the adipose depot site on the multilineage differentiation potential of the r-AdMSCs is still ambiguous. Hence, the main objective of this study was to explore the influence of the adipose tissue harvesting location on the ability of r-AdMSCs to express the stem-cell-related markers and pluripotency genes, as well as their differentiation capacity, for the first time. Herein, we have isolated r-AdMSCs from the inguinal, epididymal, peri-renal, and back subcutaneous fats. Cells were compared in terms of their phenotype, immunophenotype, and expression of pluripotency genes using RT-PCR. Additionally, we investigated their potential for multilineage (adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic) induction using special stains confirmed by the expression of the related genes using RT-qPCR. All cells could positively express stem cell marker CD 90 and CD 105 with no significant in-between differences. However, they did not express the hematopoietic markers as CD 34 and CD 45. All cells could be induced successfully. However, epididymal and inguinal cells presented the highest capacity for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation (21.36-fold and 11.63-fold for OPN, 29.69-fold and 26.68-fold for BMP2, and 37.67-fold and 22.35-fold for BSP, respectively, in epididymal and inguinal cells (p < 0.0001)). On the contrary, the subcutaneous cells exhibited a superior potential for chondrogenesis over the other sites (8.9-fold for CHM1 and 5.93-fold for ACAN, (p < 0.0001)). In conclusion, the adipose tissue harvesting site could influence the differentiation capacity of the isolated AdMSCs. To enhance the results of their employment in various regenerative cell-based therapies, it is thus vital to take the collection site selection into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Division of Animal Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eman A Mady
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior, and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11651, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
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Safavi AS, Sendera A, Haghighipour N, Banas-Zabczyk A. The Role of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation: A Systematic Review. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1147-1160. [PMID: 36042129 PMCID: PMC9679119 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) influence biological processes. This present study was aimed at the scientific literature on the use of EMFs in the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation process. MATERIALS AND METHODS The electronic search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science, a database with a combination of the sinusoidal and pulsed low- and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields stimulation and mesenchymal stem cells differentiation, considering the period of publication until December 2021. The literature search identified 118 references in PubMed and Web of Science of which 46 articles were selected, respectively, according to the eligibility requirements. CONCLUSION The analysis of research indicated that EMFs are an easy-to-apply and practical way in cell therapy and tissue engineering when regulation of stem cells is required. Studies have shown that EMFs have positive effects on stem cell differentiation, accelerating its process regardless of the parameters and type of stem cells. However, the exact amplitude, frequency, duration of the electrical field, and application method remain elusive and need more study in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Sadat Safavi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anna Sendera
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Banas-Zabczyk
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland.
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6
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Study of the biological relevance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and β-adrenergic regulation in osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Chen Y, Lu C, Shang X, Wu K, Chen K. Primary cilia: The central role in the electromagnetic field induced bone healing. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1062119. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1062119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia have emerged as the cellular “antenna” that can receive and transduce extracellular chemical/physical signals, thus playing an important role in regulating cellular activities. Although the electromagnetic field (EMF) is an effective treatment for bone fractures since 1978, however, the detailed mechanisms leading to such positive effects are still unclear. Primary cilia may play a central role in receiving EMF signals, translating physical signals into biochemical information, and initiating various signalingsignaling pathways to transduce signals into the nucleus. In this review, we elucidated the process of bone healing, the structure, and function of primary cilia, as well as the application and mechanism of EMF in treating fracture healing. To comprehensively understand the process of bone healing, we used bioinformatics to analyze the molecular change and associated the results with other studies. Moreover, this review summarizedsummarized some limitations in EMFs-related research and provides an outlook for ongoing studies. In conclusion, this review illustrated the primary cilia and related molecular mechanisms in the EMF-induced bone healing process, and it may shed light on future research.
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Ma Y, Chen X, He F, Li S, He R, Liu Q, Dong Q, Zhou S, Miao H, Lu Q, Li F, Yang H, Zhang M, Lin Y, Yu S. Low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields exposure alleviate the abnormal subchondral bone remodeling at the early stage of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:987. [PMID: 36384557 PMCID: PMC9667650 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is characterized by abnormal subchondral bone remodeling and cartilage degeneration. As a non-invasive biophysical technology, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) treatment has been proven to be efficient in promoting osteogenesis. However, the potential bone protective effect and mechanism of PEMF on abnormal subchondral bone remodeling in TMJOA are unknown. METHODS Unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) was used to create TMJOA model in rats, and 17β-estradiol (E2) were injected daily to mimic patients with high-physiological levels of estrogen. Mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells treated with recombinant murine IL-1β was used to establish inflammatory environment in vitro. The treatment group were subjected to PEMF (2.0mT, 15 Hz, 2 h/d). Micro-CT scanning, histological staining, real-time PCR and western blotting assays were preformed to observe the changes in the subchondral bone. RESULTS Abnormal resorption of subchondral bone induced by UAC, characterized by decreased bone mineral density, increased osteoclast activity and expression of osteoclast-related factors (RANKL) and down-regulated expression of osteogenesis-related factors (OPG, ALP, Runx2 and OCN) at the early stage, could be reversed by PEMF exposure, which was similar to the effect of estrogen. In addition, PEMF exposure and E2 supplement may have a synergistic effect to some extent. Moreover, PEMF exposure could promote the ALP activity and osteogenic mineralization ability of MC3T3-E1 cells. PEMF promoted the expression of factors related to Wnt/β-Catenin signal pathway both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate PEMF exposure have a protective effect on subchondral bone in TMJOA at early stage, in which canonical Wnt/β-Catenin pathway may be involved. PEMF may be a promising biophysical approach for early intervention of TMJOA in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Ma
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China ,grid.417279.eDepartment of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng He
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Li
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Stomatology, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui He
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Dong
- grid.417279.eDepartment of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuncheng Zhou
- grid.417279.eDepartment of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Miao
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Lu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feifei Li
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxu Yang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mian Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lin
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibin Yu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
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Liu F, Chen GD, Fan LK. Knockdown of PDX1 enhances the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs partly via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:107. [PMID: 35183219 PMCID: PMC8858563 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease manifested as low bone mass, destruction of bone microstructure, increased bone fragility and fracture risk. The purpose of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of PDX1 for osteogenic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs).
Methods
GSE37329 dataset was retrieved from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and performed bioinformatic analyses. ADSCs were incubated with normal medium, osteogenic induction medium (OIM) and OIM+si-PDX1. Then, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin Red Staining (ARS) were performed to assess the role of PDX1 for osteogenesis of ADSCs. PI3K inhibitor, LY294002 was then added to further explore the mechanism of PDX1 for osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Western blot assay was used to assess the osteogenic-related markers. Graphpad software was used to perform statistically analysis.
Results
A total of 285 DEGs were obtained from analysis of the dataset GSE37329, of which 145 were upregulated and 140 were downregulated genes. These differentially expressed genes mainly enriched in cell differentiation and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, PDX1 was decreased in osteogenic induced ADSCs. Knockdown of PDX1 significantly increased osteogenic differentiation capacity and p-PI3K and p-Akt protein levels. Administration with LY294002 could partially reversed the promotion effects of si-PDX1.
Conclusion
In conclusion, knockdown of PDX1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Li H, Li M, Ran X, Cui J, Wei F, Yi G, Chen W, Luo X, Chen Z. The Role of Zinc in Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:80-94. [PMID: 35172118 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element for bone growth and bone homeostasis in the human body. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent progenitors existing in the bone marrow stroma with the capability of differentiating along multiple lineage pathways. Zinc plays a paramount role in BMSCs, which can be spurred differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, or adipocytes, and modulates the formation and activity of osteoclasts. The expression of related genes also changed during the differentiation of various cell phenotypes. Based on the important role of zinc in BMSC differentiation, using zinc as a therapeutic approach for bone remodeling will be a promising method. This review explores the role of zinc ion in the differentiation of BMSCs into various cell phenotypes and outlines the existing research on their molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Muzhe Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xun Ran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Juncheng Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fu Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Guoliang Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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11
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Chen T, Yang T, Zhang W, Shao J. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in treating osteoporosis. Biol Res 2021; 54:42. [PMID: 34930472 PMCID: PMC8686520 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP), a common systemic metabolic bone disease, is characterized by low bone mass, increasing bone fragility and a high risk of fracture. At present, the clinical treatment of OP mainly involves anti-bone resorption drugs and anabolic agents for bone, but their long-term use can cause serious side effects. The development of stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine has provided a new approach to the clinical treatment of various diseases, even with a hope for cure. Recently, the therapeutic advantages of the therapy have been shown for a variety of orthopedic diseases. However, these stem cell-based researches are currently limited to animal models; the uncertainty regarding the post-transplantation fate of stem cells and their safety in recipients has largely restricted the development of human clinical trials. Nevertheless, the feasibility of mesenchymal stem cells to treat osteoporotic mice has drawn a growing amount of intriguing attention from clinicians to its potential of applying the stem cell-based therapy as a new therapeutic approach to OP in the future clinic. In the current review, therefore, we explored the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells in human OP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianning Chen
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui-Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tieyi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jin Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200135, China.
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12
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A Comparative Study of the Effect of Anatomical Site on Multiple Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Rats. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092469. [PMID: 34572123 PMCID: PMC8465004 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue are evolved into various cell-based regenerative approaches. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from rats are commonly used in tissue engineering studies. Still, there is a gap in knowledge about how the harvest locations influence and guide cell differentiation. This study aims to investigate how the harvesting site affects stem-cell-specific surface markers expression, pluripotency, and differentiation potential of ASCs in female Sprague Dawley rats. ASCs were extracted from the adipose tissue of the peri-ovarian, peri-renal, and mesenteric depots and were compared in terms of cell morphology. MSCs phenotype was validated by cell surfaces markers using flow cytometry. Moreover, pluripotent gene expression of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, Rex-1, and Tert was evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ASCs multipotency was evaluated by specific histological stains, and the results were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) expression analysis of specific genes. There was a non-significant difference detected in the cell morphology and immunophenotype between different harvesting sites. ASCs from multiple locations were significantly varied in their capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblastic cells, and chondrocytes. To conclude, depot selection is a critical element that should be considered when using ASCs in tissue-specific cell-based regenerative therapies research.
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Elleuch J, Ben Amor F, Chaaben Z, Frikha F, Michaud P, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Zinc biosorption by Dunaliella sp. AL-1: Mechanism and effects on cell metabolism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145024. [PMID: 33582349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phycoremediation is being considered as an eco-friendly and safe technology for toxics eradication from contaminated aquatic systems. The zinc biosorption capacity of Dunaliella sp. AL-1 was demonstrated. Zinc impacted cell growth and photosynthetic pigments accumulation showing exposure time and concentration-dependent effects. The investigation of the antioxidant protective response to zinc exposition proved a stimulation of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity and an increased rate of total phenolics, flavonoids, condensed tannins and glutathione (GSH). The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize zinc removal conditions by Dunaliella sp. AL-1 strain. The maximum experimental zinc uptake was obtained when zinc concentration, algae dose, initial pH, and contact time were set at 25 mg/L, 0.5 g/L, 7.59 and 13 h 43 min, respectively. Under completely optimized conditions, the fraction of zinc removed intracellularly was much lower than the adsorbed on the cell surface. FTIR analysis Dunaliella sp. AL-1 biomass demonstrated that several functional groups as OH, CH2, CO, PO, COO and CO may participate in the biosorption process. A comparative proteomic analysis through nano-HPLC coupled to LC-MS/MS, was performed from pre- and post-zinc treatments cells. Among 199 identified proteins, 60 were differentially expressed of which 41 proteins were down-regulated against 19 up-regulated ones. Target proteins have been demonstrated to be implicated in different metabolic processes mainly photosynthesis and antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faten Ben Amor
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Chaaben
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fakher Frikha
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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The impact of Zn-doped synthetic polymer materials on bone regeneration: a systematic review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:123. [PMID: 33579372 PMCID: PMC7881550 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To repair bone defects, a variety of bone substitution materials have been used, such as ceramics, metals, natural and synthetic polymers, and combinations thereof. In recent decades, a wide range of synthetic polymers have been used for bone regeneration. These polymers have the advantages of biocompatibility, biodegradability, good mechanical properties, low toxicity, and ease of processing. However, when used alone, they are unable to achieve ideal bone formation. Incorporating zinc (Zn) into synthetic polymers has been considered, as previous studies have shown that Zn2+ promotes stem cell osteogenesis and mineral deposition. The purpose of this systematic review was to provide an overview of the application and effectiveness of Zn in synthetic polymers for bone regeneration, whether used alone or in combination with other biomaterials. This study was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Materials and methods A search of the PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases for articles published up to June 2020 revealed 153 relevant studies. After screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 13 articles were included in the review; 9 of these were in vitro, 3 were in vivo, and 1 included both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results At low concentrations, Zn2+ promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, while high-dose Zn2+ resulted in cytotoxicity and inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, one study showed that Zn2+ reduced apatite formation in simulated body fluid. In all of the in vivo experiments, Zn-containing materials enhanced bone formation. Conclusions At appropriate concentrations, Zn-doped synthetic polymer materials are better able to promote bone regeneration than materials without Zn. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02195-y.
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Alekseeva LI, Byalovsky YY, Zagorodny NV, Ivanova GE, Karateev DE, Konchugova TV, Rakitina IS, Strakhov MA. [Pathophysiological mechanisms of the therapeutic action of alternating electromagnetic fields in the treatment of osteoarticular pathology]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2021; 98:80-90. [PMID: 34223758 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20219803180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of osteoarticular pathology with an alternating electromagnetic field (AEMF) is used today as a promising, non-invasive and safe strategy of physiotherapy. It has been shown that the action of alternating electromagnetic fields on the musculoskeletal system triggers signaling cascades that effectively contribute to the restoration of bone and articular tissue. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the cellular and subcellular effects of stimulation by an alternating electromagnetic field during the restoration of bone and articular tissue are considered. It was pointed out the several key signaling pathways involved in the restoration of bone and articular tissue under the influence of electromagnetic fields with an analysis of the potential for therapeutic application of electromagnetic fields alone or in combination with other available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Alekseeva
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - N V Zagorodny
- N.N. Priorov Central Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russia
| | - G E Ivanova
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D E Karateev
- M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Konchugova
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - M A Strakhov
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Mills DK, Luo Y, Elumalai A, Esteve S, Karnik S, Yao S. Creating Structured Hydrogel Microenvironments for Regulating Stem Cell Differentiation. Gels 2020; 6:gels6040047. [PMID: 33276682 PMCID: PMC7768466 DOI: 10.3390/gels6040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of distinct biomimetic microenvironments for regulating stem cell behavior and bioengineering human tissues and disease models requires a solid understanding of cell-substrate interactions, adhesion, and its role in directing cell behavior, and other physico-chemical cues that drive cell behavior. In the past decade, innovative developments in chemistry, materials science, microfabrication, and associated technologies have given us the ability to manipulate the stem cell microenvironment with greater precision and, further, to monitor effector impacts on stem cells, both spatially and temporally. The influence of biomaterials and the 3D microenvironment's physical and biochemical properties on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production are the focus of this review chapter. Mechanisms and materials, principally hydrogel and hydrogel composites for bone and cartilage repair that create "cell-supportive" and "instructive" biomaterials, are emphasized. We begin by providing an overview of stem cells, their unique properties, and their challenges in regenerative medicine. An overview of current fabrication strategies for creating instructive substrates is then reviewed with a focused discussion of selected fabrication methods with an emphasis on bioprinting as a critical tool in creating novel stem cell-based biomaterials. We conclude with a critical assessment of the current state of the field and offer our view on the promises and potential pitfalls of the approaches discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Mills
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270, USA;
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Yangyang Luo
- Molecular Sciences and Nanotechnology, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270, USA;
| | - Anusha Elumalai
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270, USA;
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270, USA;
| | - Savannah Esteve
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270, USA;
| | - Sonali Karnik
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
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Systems biology analysis of osteogenic differentiation behavior by canine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and dental pulp. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20703. [PMID: 33244029 PMCID: PMC7692528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of canine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) for regenerating incorrigible bone diseases has been introduced. However, cMSCs harvested from different sources showed distinct osteogenicity. To clarify this, comparative proteomics-based systems biology analysis was used to analyze osteogenic differentiation behavior by cMSCs harvested from bone marrow and dental pulp. The results illustrated that canine dental pulp stem cells (cDPSCs) contained superior osteogenicity comparing with canine bone marrow-derived MSCs (cBM-MSCs) regarding alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralization, and osteogenic marker expression. Global analyses by proteomics platform showed distinct protein clustering and expression pattern upon an in vitro osteogenic induction between them. Database annotation using Reactome and DAVID revealed contrast and unique expression profile of osteogenesis-related proteins, particularly on signaling pathways, cellular components and processes, and cellular metabolisms. Functional assay and hierarchical clustering for tracking protein dynamic change confirmed that cBM-MSCs required the presences of Wnt, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and bone-morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, while cDPSCs mainly relied on BMP signaling presentation during osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Therefore, these findings illustrated the comprehensive data regarding an in vitro osteogenic differentiation behavior by cBM-MSCs and cDPSCs which is crucial for further mechanism study and the establishment of cMSC-based bone tissue engineering (BTE) for veterinary practice.
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Dong S, Li J, Zhang X. Tumor protein p53-induced nuclear protein 2 modulates osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem/stromal cells by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:6853-6867. [PMID: 33194077 PMCID: PMC7653607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) are frequently used as seed cells in bone tissue engineering. These cells have good osteogenic properties in various in vivo and in vitro models. Tumor protein p53-induced nuclear protein 2 (TP53INP2) regulates apoptosis, autophagy, and cell differentiation. However, whether TP53INP2 regulates osteogenic differentiation of hASCs has not been sufficiently studied. Herein, we explored this topic using siRNA experiments, osteogenic induction, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis. We found that siRNA decreased mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes in TP53INP2 cells. Western blots showed that RUNX2 protein expression decreased in siRNA-TP53INP2 cells at day 3, 7, and 21 after osteogenic induction. The level of β-catenin, LC3 and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in siRNA-TP53INP2 cells was decreased at day 3 and 7 after osteogenic induction. Further, treatment with lithium chloride (LiCl), an activator of Wnt signaling pathway, induced partial recovery of protein expression of β-catenin and RUNX2 (osteoblast-specific factor 2) in TP53INP2 knockdown cells. Collectively, these results show that TP53INP2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of hASCs by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Dong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing, China
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Shati AA, Alfaifi MY. Salidroside protects against diabetes mellitus-induced kidney injury and renal fibrosis by attenuating TGF-β1 and Wnt1/3a/β-catenin signalling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1692-1704. [PMID: 32472701 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated if the nephroprotective effect of Salidroside in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) involves modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways. Control or Streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg, iv)-induced T1DM adult male Wister rats were treated with the vehicle and Salidroside (100 mg/kg, orally) for 8 weeks daily. As compared to T1DM-induced rats, Salidroside improved kidney structure, reduced urinary protein and albumin level, increased creatinine clearance, and suppressed renal fibrosis. It also decreased mRNA and protein levels of Wnt1, Wnt3, and TGF-β1, phosphorylation of Smad-3, total and nuclear levels of β-catenin, and levels and activities of cleaved caspase-3. Concomitantly, Salidroside significantly increased the levels of p-β-catenin (Ser33/37 /Thr41 ) and suppressed protein levels of Axin-2, fibronectin, and, mRNA and protein levels of collagen IIIa, the main targets of β-catenin. In both control and T1DM rats, Salidroside significantly lowered fasting glucose levels and reduced renal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) p-and GS3Kβ (Ser9) but significantly increased levels of SOD and GSH. In conclusion, Salidroside protected the kidney of rats against T1DM-induced injury and fibrosis by activating GS3Kβ-induced inhibition of Wnt1/Wnt3a β-catenin. This was associated with hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Shati
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Rumiński S, Kalaszczyńska I, Lewandowska-Szumieł M. Effect of cAMP Signaling Regulation in Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1587. [PMID: 32629962 PMCID: PMC7408391 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful implementation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in bone regeneration depends on efficient osteogenic differentiation. However, a literature survey and our own experience demonstrated that current differentiation methods are not effective enough. Since the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts and adipocytes can be regulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, we investigated the effects of cAMP activator, forskolin, and inhibitor, SQ 22,536, on the early and late osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs cultured in spheroids or in a monolayer. Intracellular cAMP concentration, protein kinase A (PKA) activity, and inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) expression examination confirmed cAMP up- and downregulation. cAMP upregulation inhibited the cell cycle and protected ADSCs from osteogenic medium (OM)-induced apoptosis. Surprisingly, the upregulation of cAMP level at the early stages of osteogenic differentiation downregulated the expression of osteogenic markers RUNX2, Osterix, and IBSP, which was more significant in spheroids, and it is used for the more efficient commitment of ADSCs into preosteoblasts, according to the previously reported protocol. However, cAMP upregulation in a culture of ADSCs in spheroids resulted in significantly increased osteocalcin production and mineralization. Thus, undifferentiated and predifferentiated ADSCs respond differently to cAMP pathway stimulation in terms of osteogenesis, which might explain the ambiguous results from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Rumiński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Kalaszczyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
- Laboratory for Cell Research and Application, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lewandowska-Szumieł
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
- Laboratory for Cell Research and Application, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Li Y, Wang L, Zhang M, Huang K, Yao Z, Rao P, Cai X, Xiao J. Advanced glycation end products inhibit the osteogenic differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway via DNA methylation. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12834. [PMID: 32468637 PMCID: PMC7309593 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are considered a cause of diabetic osteoporosis. Although adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) are widely used in the research of bone regeneration, the mechanisms of the osteogenic differentiation of ASCs from diabetic osteoporosis model remain unclear. This work aimed to investigate the influence and the molecular mechanisms of AGEs on the osteogenic potential of ASCs. Materials and methods Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the change of AGEs in diabetic osteoporotic and control C57BL/6 mice. ASCs were obtained from the inguinal fat of C57BL/6 mice. AGEs, 5‐aza2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza‐dC) and DKK‐1 were used to treat ASCs. Real‐time cell analysis and cell counting kit‐8 were used to monitor the proliferation of ASCs within and without AGEs. Real‐time PCR, Western blot and Immunofluorescence were used to analyse the genes and proteins expression of osteogenic factors, DNA methylation factors and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway among the different groups. Results The AGEs and DNA methylation were increased in the adipose and bone tissue of the diabetic osteoporosis group. Untreated ASCs had higher cell proliferation activity than AGEs‐treatment group. The expression levels of osteogenic genes, Opn and Runx2, were lower, and mineralized nodules were less in AGEs‐treatment group. Meanwhile, DNA methylation was increased, and the Wnt signalling pathway markers, including β‐Catenin, Lef1 and P‐GSK‐3β, were inhibited. After treatment with 5‐aza‐dC, the osteogenic differentiation capacity of ASCs in the AGEs environment was restored and the Wnt signalling pathway was activated during this process. Conclusions Advanced glycation end products inhibit the osteogenic differentiation ability of ASCs by activating DNA methylation and inhibiting Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in vitro. Therefore, DNA methylation may be promising targets for the bone regeneration of ASCs with diabetic osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lang Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Maorui Zhang
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kui Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Yao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingang Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Yu Y, Liu K, Wen Z, Liu W, Zhang L, Su J. Double-edged effects and mechanisms of Zn 2+ microenvironments on osteogenic activity of BMSCs: osteogenic differentiation or apoptosis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14915-14927. [PMID: 35497133 PMCID: PMC9052110 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01465f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-incorporated biomaterials show promoting effects on osteogenesis; however, excessive zinc ions lead to cytotoxic reactions and also have other adverse effects. Therefore, the double-edged effects of Zn2+ microenvironments on osteogenesis may become critical issues for new material development. This study systematically investigated the bidirectional influences of diverse Zn2+ microenvironments on the cell adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and apoptosis of rBMSCs. Furthermore, the mechanisms of zinc-induced osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs and of cell apoptosis induced by high concentration of Zn2+ were both discussed in detail. The results indicated that the Zn2+ microenvironments of 2 μg mL-1 and 5 μg mL-1 effectively improved the initial adhesion and proliferation of rBMSCs, while that of 15 μg mL-1 had exactly the opposite effect. More importantly, the suitable Zn2+ microenvironments (2 μg mL-1 and 5 μg mL-1) moderately increased the intracellular Zn2+ concentration by regulating zinc transportation, and then activated the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway to induce the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. In contrast, the high Zn2+ concentration (15 μg mL-1) not only inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs by damaging intracellular zinc homeostasis, but also induced rBMSC apoptosis by enhancing intracellular ROS generation. The current study clarified the double-edged effects of Zn2+ microenvironments on the osteogenic properties of rBMSCs and the related mechanisms, and may provide valuable guidance for optimizing the design of zinc-doped biomaterials and zinc-based alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration Shanghai 200072 China +86-21-66524025 +86-21-56722215
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration Shanghai 200072 China +86-21-66524025 +86-21-56722215
| | - Zhuo Wen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration Shanghai 200072 China +86-21-66524025 +86-21-56722215
| | - Weicai Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration Shanghai 200072 China +86-21-66524025 +86-21-56722215
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration Shanghai 200072 China +86-21-66524025 +86-21-56722215
| | - Jiansheng Su
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration Shanghai 200072 China +86-21-66524025 +86-21-56722215
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Shafaei H, Kalarestaghi H. Adipose-derived stem cells: An appropriate selection for osteogenic differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8371-8386. [PMID: 32239731 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of various forms of tissue engineering. MSCs have self-renewal and multidifferential potential. Osteogenic differentiation of MSCs is an area of attention in bone regeneration. One form of MSCs are adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which can be simply harvested and differentiated into several cell lineages, such as chondrocytes, adipocytes, or osteoblasts. Due to special properties, ASCs are frequently used in vitro and in vivo bone regeneration. Identifying factors involved in osteogenic differentiation of ASCs is important for better understanding the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation. Different methods are used to stimulate osteogenesis of ASCs in literature, including common osteogenic media, growth factors, hormones, hypoxia, mechanical and chemical stimuli, genetic modification, and nanotechnology. This review article provides an overview describing the isolation procedure, characterization, properties, current methods for osteogenic differentiation of ASCs, and their basic biological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Shafaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Kalarestaghi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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24
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Sabater i Serra R, Molina-Mateo J, Torregrosa-Cabanilles C, Andrio-Balado A, Meseguer Dueñas JM, Serrano-Aroca Á. Bio-Nanocomposite Hydrogel Based on Zinc Alginate/Graphene Oxide: Morphology, Structural Conformation, Thermal Behavior/Degradation, and Dielectric Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030702. [PMID: 32235735 PMCID: PMC7183265 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-nanocomposite hydrogels based on sodium alginate (SA) as polymer matrix and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with zinc as crosslinking agent were synthesized with the aim of incorporating the intrinsic properties of their constituents (bioactivity and antimicrobial activity). Thus, stable and highly interconnected networks were obtained from GO nanosheets dispersed in SA matrices through interactions with low amounts of zinc. The GO nanosheets were successfully incorporated into the alginate matrix in the form of a complex nano-network involving different interactions: Bonds between alginate chains induced by Zn ions (egg box structure), interactions between GO nanosheets through Zn ions and hydrogen bonds between alginate chains, and GO nanosheets. The molecular interactions and morphology were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The composite’s structural organization showed enhanced thermal stability. The glass transition temperature shifted to a higher temperature due to the reduced mobility induced by additional crosslinking bonds after incorporating the GO nanosheets and Zn into the polymer matrix. Finally, the dielectric behavior revealed that charge carrier mobility was hampered by the compact structure of the nanonetwork, which reduced conductivity. The combined properties of these nanocomposite hydrogels make them attractive biomaterials in the field of regenerative medicine and wound care since both surface bioactivity and antibacterial behavior are two critical factors involved in the success of a biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Sabater i Serra
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.T.-C.); (J.M.M.D.)
- CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 46022 València, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.S.i.S.); (Á.S.-A.)
| | - José Molina-Mateo
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.T.-C.); (J.M.M.D.)
| | - Constantino Torregrosa-Cabanilles
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.T.-C.); (J.M.M.D.)
| | | | - José María Meseguer Dueñas
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.T.-C.); (J.M.M.D.)
- CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 València, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.S.i.S.); (Á.S.-A.)
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25
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Li S, Wei C, Lv Y. Preparation and Application of Magnetic Responsive Materials in Bone Tissue Engineering. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:428-440. [PMID: 31893995 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200101122505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, many kinds of materials are used for bone tissue engineering, such as polymer materials, metals, etc., which in general have good biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, these materials cannot be controlled artificially after implantation, which may result in poor repair performance. The appearance of the magnetic response material enables the scaffolds to have the corresponding ability to the external magnetic field. Within the magnetic field, the magnetic response material can achieve the targeted release of the drug, improve the performance of the scaffold, and further have a positive impact on bone formation. This paper first reviewed the preparation methods of magnetic responsive materials such as magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic polymers, magnetic bioceramic materials and magnetic alloys in recent years, and then introduced its main applications in the field of bone tissue engineering, including promoting osteogenic differentiation, targets release, bioimaging, cell patterning, etc. Finally, the mechanism of magnetic response materials to promote bone regeneration was introduced. The combination of magnetic field treatment methods will bring significant progress to regenerative medicine and help to improve the treatment of bone defects and promote bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changling Wei
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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26
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Chen J, Tu C, Tang X, Li H, Yan J, Ma Y, Wu H, Liu C. The combinatory effect of sinusoidal electromagnetic field and VEGF promotes osteogenesis and angiogenesis of mesenchymal stem cell-laden PCL/HA implants in a rat subcritical cranial defect. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:379. [PMID: 31842985 PMCID: PMC6915868 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoration of massive bone defects remains a huge challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Insufficient vascularization and slow bone regeneration limited the application of tissue engineering in bone defect. The effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) on bone defect has been reported for many years. However, sinusoidal EMF (SEMF) combined with tissue engineering in bone regeneration remains poorly investigated. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the effect of SEMF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on osteogenic and vasculogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). Furthermore, pretreated rBMSC- laden polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) scaffold was constructed and implanted into the subcritical cranial defect of rats. The bone formation and vascularization were evaluated 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. RESULTS It was shown that SEMF and VEGF could enhance the protein and mRNA expression levels of osteoblast- and endothelial cell-related markers, respectively. The combinatory effect of SEMF and VEGF slightly promoted the angiogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. The proteins of Wnt1, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP-6), and β-catenin increased in all inducted groups, especially in SEMF + VEGF group. The results indicated that Wnt/β-catenin pathway might participate in the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Histological evaluation and reconstructed 3D graphs revealed that tissue-engineered constructs significantly promoted the new bone formation and angiogenesis compared to other groups. CONCLUSION The combinatory effect of SEMF and VEGF raised an efficient approach to enhance the osteogenesis and vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs, which provided a useful guide for regeneration of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chang Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiyuan Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yongzhuang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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27
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Galli C, Colangelo M, Pedrazzi G, Guizzardi S. The Response of Osteoblasts and Bone to Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Fields: Insights from the Literature. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:127-147. [PMID: 30997574 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been proposed as a tool to ameliorate bone formation and healing. Despite their promising results, however, they have failed to enter routine clinical protocols to treat bone conditions where higher bone mass has to be achieved. This is no doubt also due to a fundamental lack of knowledge and understanding on their effects and the optimal settings for attaining the desired therapeutic effects. This review analysed the available in vitro and in vivo studies that assessed the effects of sinusoidal EMFs (SEMFs) on bone and bone cells, comparing the results and investigating possible mechanisms of action by which SEMFs interact with tissues and cells. The effects of SEMFs on bone have not been as thoroughly investigated as pulsed EMFs; however, abundant evidence shows that SEMFs affect the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells, acting on multiple cellular mechanisms. SEMFs have also proven to increase bone mass in rodents under normal conditions and in osteoporotic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - M Colangelo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Histology and Embryology Lab, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Pedrazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Unit, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - S Guizzardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Histology and Embryology Lab, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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28
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Rajabzadeh N, Fathi E, Farahzadi R. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 6:19. [PMID: 31463312 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2019.06.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the stem cell biology provided new hopes in treatment of diseases and disorders that yet cannot be treated. Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types in the body during age. These provide new cells for the body as it grows, and replace specialized cells that are damaged. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be easily harvested from the adipose tissue and can also be cultured and expanded in vitro they have become a good target for tissue regeneration. These cells have been widespread used for cell transplantation in animals and also for clinical trials in humans. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of our current knowledge regarding the important and types of isolated stem cells from different sources of animal models such as horse, pig, goat, dog, rabbit, cat, rat, mice etc. In this regard, due to the widespread use and lot of attention of MSCs, in this review, we will elaborate on use of MSCs in veterinary medicine as well as in regenerative medicine. Based on the studies in this field, MSCs found wide application in treatment of diseases, such as heart failure, wound healing, tooth regeneration etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Rajabzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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29
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Zhou J, Gao YH, Zhu BY, Shao JL, Ma HP, Xian CJ, Chen KM. Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Fields Increase Peak Bone Mass in Rats by Activating Wnt10b/β-Catenin in Primary Cilia of Osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1336-1351. [PMID: 30779853 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields have been considered a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis; however, their action mechanism and optimal magnetic flux density (intensity) parameter are still elusive. The present study found that 50-Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (SEMFs) at 1.8 mT increased the peak bone mass of young rats by increasing bone formation. Gene array expression studies with femoral bone samples showed that SEMFs increased the expression levels of collagen-1α1 and Wnt10b, a critical ligand of the osteogenic Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Consistently, SEMFs promoted osteogenic differentiation and maturation of rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROBs) in vitro through activating the Wnt10b/β-catenin pathway. This osteogenesis-promoting effect of SEMFs via Wnt10b/β-catenin signaling was found to depend on the functional integrity of primary cilia in osteoblasts. When the primary cilia were abrogated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting IFT88, the ability of SEMFs to promote the osteogenic differentiation of ROBs through activating Wnt10b/β-catenin signaling was blocked. Although the knockdown of Wnt10b expression with RNA interference had no effect on primary cilia, it significantly suppressed the promoting effect of SEMFs on osteoblastic differentiation/maturation. Wnt10b was normally localized at the bases of primary cilia, but it disappeared (or was released) from the cilia upon SEMF treatment. Interestingly, primary cilia were elongated to different degrees by different intensities of 50-Hz SEMFs, with the window effect observed at 1.8 mT, and the expression level of Wnt10b increased in accord with the lengths of primary cilia. These results indicate that 50-Hz 1.8-mT SEMFs increase the peak bone mass of growing rats by promoting osteogenic differentiation/maturation of osteoblasts, which is mediated, at least in part, by Wnt10b at the primary cilia and the subsequent activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hai Gao
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Ying Zhu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Le Shao
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ping Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Cory J Xian
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Ke-Ming Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China
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30
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Chu DT, Nguyen Thi Phuong T, Tien NLB, Tran DK, Minh LB, Thanh VV, Gia Anh P, Pham VH, Thi Nga V. Adipose Tissue Stem Cells for Therapy: An Update on the Progress of Isolation, Culture, Storage, and Clinical Application. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E917. [PMID: 31247996 PMCID: PMC6678927 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs), known as multipotent stem cells, are most commonly used in the clinical applications in recent years. Adipose tissues (AT) have the advantage in the harvesting, isolation, and expansion of ASCs, especially an abundant amount of stem cells compared to bone marrow. ASCs can be found in stromal vascular fractions (SVF) which are easily obtained from the dissociation of adipose tissue. Both SVFs and culture-expanded ASCs exhibit the stem cell characteristics such as differentiation into multiple cell types, regeneration, and immune regulators. Therefore, SVFs and ASCs have been researched to evaluate the safety and benefits for human use. In fact, the number of clinical trials on ASCs is going to increase by years; however, most trials are in phase I and II, and lack phase III and IV. This systemic review highlights and updates the process of the harvesting, characteristics, isolation, culture, storage, and application of ASCs, as well as provides further directions on the therapeutic use of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Thuy Nguyen Thi Phuong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Nguyen Le Bao Tien
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Khoa Tran
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Le Bui Minh
- NTT Hi-tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh St., Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Van Thanh
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Gia Anh
- Oncology Department, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van Huy Pham
- AI Lab, Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Vu Thi Nga
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
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31
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Fathi E, Farahzadi R, Valipour B, Sanaat Z. Cytokines secreted from bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells promote apoptosis and change cell cycle distribution of K562 cell line as clinical agent in cell transplantation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215678. [PMID: 31009502 PMCID: PMC6476492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of special interest due their potential clinical use in cell-based therapy. Therapies engaging MSCs are showing increasing promise in the cancer treatment and anticancer drug screening applications. A multitude of growth factors and cytokines secreted from these cells are known to give such multifunctional properties, but details of their role are yet to be absolutely demonstrated. In this study, we have evaluated the influence of BMSCs on K562 cell line as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, with the use of a cytokine antibody array recognizing 34 cytokines. For this purpose, BMSCs were isolated and co-cultured with K562 cells; thereafter, cultured K562 alone and co-cultured K562 with BMSCs (10:1) were collected at day 7 and subjected to cell cycle distribution assay as well as annexin/PI analysis and Ki/caspase-3 assay for apoptosis assessment. In the following, the gene and protein expression levels of BAX and BCL-2 as pro- and anti-apoptotic agents were investigated. Furthermore, after 7 days' treatment, culture medium was collected from both control and experimental groups for cytokine antibody array. It was found that BMSCs resulted in a robust increase in the number of cells at G0/G1 phase and arrest the G0/G1 phase as well as significantly inducing late apoptosis in K562 cells. The significant presence of TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1), and moderate elevated signals for CINC-1 (cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1) were obvious in the co-cultured conditioned media, but no significant increase was found in 32 other cytokines. It is concluded that co-culture of BMSCs with K562 cells could secrete a substantial amount of TIMP-1 and CINC-1. These cytokines could be involved in the inhibition of the K562 cell proliferation via BAX and caspase-3 cascade pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Cell Cycle
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CXCL1/metabolism
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Rats
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/metabolism
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Valipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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32
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Fathi E, Charoudeh HN, Sanaat Z, Farahzadi R. Telomere shortening as a hallmark of stem cell senescence. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 6:7. [PMID: 31019963 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2019.02.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapies have been greatly attentioned in regenerative medicine through multi-lineage differentiation, self-renewal properties, etc. Despite the above advantages of MSCs, the defined properties of these cells are strongly affected by aging. Thus, the use of MSCs from older donors is lower than younger one, which limits clinical applications in cell therapy. According to the theories of aging, it is determined that aging is most likely caused by telomere shortening and telomere shortening is considered hallmarks of aging. Finding out the most mechanisms of these changes will probably reveal novel therapeutic targets for prolonging human health and for ameliorating age-associated phenotypes. This review focuses on prevalent knowledge about the mechanisms of stem cell senescence by telomere shortening and the molecular mechanism details involved in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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33
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Azadian E, Arjmand B, Khodaii Z, Ardeshirylajimi A. A comprehensive overview on utilizing electromagnetic fields in bone regenerative medicine. Electromagn Biol Med 2019; 38:1-20. [PMID: 30661411 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2019.1567527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are one of the most important sources to develope a new strategy for repairing bone lesions through tissue engineering. Osteogenic differentiation of stem cells can be affected by various factors such as biological, chemical, physiological, and physical ones. The application of ELF-EMFs has been the subject of many research in bone tissue engineering and evidence suggests that this exogenous physical stimulus can promote osteogenic differentiation in several types of cells. The purpose of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the effects of EMFs on stem cells in bone tissue engineering studies. We recapitulated and analyzed 39 articles that were focused on the application of EMFs for bone tissue engineering purposes. We tabulated scattered information from these articles for easy use and tried to provide an overview of conducted research and identify the knowledge gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Azadian
- a Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Bahar Arjmand
- a Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zohreh Khodaii
- c Dietary supplements and Probiotics research center , Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran.,d Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine , Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- a Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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34
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Jiménez M, Abradelo C, San Román J, Rojo L. Bibliographic review on the state of the art of strontium and zinc based regenerative therapies. Recent developments and clinical applications. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1974-1985. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review brings up to date the state of the art of strontium and zinc based regenerative therapies, both having a promoting effect on tissue formation and a role inhibiting resorption in musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julio San Román
- Instituto de Ciencia y tecnología de Polímeros
- CSIC
- Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina Spain
| | - Luis Rojo
- Instituto de Ciencia y tecnología de Polímeros
- CSIC
- Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina Spain
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35
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Feng CL, Li J, Li X, Li KL, Luo K, Liao XS, Liu T. Characterization and mechanism of lead and zinc biosorption by growing Verticillium insectorum J3. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203859. [PMID: 30513078 PMCID: PMC6279027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium insectorum J3 was isolated from a local lead-zinc deposit tailing, and its biosorption characteristics and reaction to the toxicities of different Pb(II) and Zn(II) concentrations were investigated. SEM, FTIR, a pH test and a desorption experiment were carried out to identify a possible mechanism. The biosorption of J3 presented an inhibition trend at low concentrations (25-75 mg L-1) and promotion at high concentrations (100-300 mg L-1). J3 absorbed Pb(II) prior to Zn(II) and produced alkaline substances, while mycelial and pellet morphology modifications were important for the removal of Pb(II) and Zn(II) under different stressful conditions (SEM results). Both intracellular accumulation and extracellular absorption may contribute to the removal of Pb(II) at lower concentrations (25-50 mg L-1), although mainly extracellular biosorption occurred at higher concentrations (75-300 mg L-1). However, Zn(II) bioaccumulation occurred at all concentrations assayed. Verticillium insectorum J3 may have evolved active defenses to alleviate the toxicity of heavy metals and proved to be a highly efficient biosorbent, especially for Pb(II) at high concentrations. This study is a useful reference for the development of biotreatment technologies to mitigate heavy metal waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-ling Feng
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering Research, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering Research, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XL); (KL)
| | - Ke-lin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering Research, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Kun Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XL); (KL)
| | - Xing-sheng Liao
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Hunan Guozhen Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, P.R. China
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Li L, Zhang C, Chen JL, Hong FF, Chen P, Wang JF. Effects of simulated microgravity on the expression profiles of RNA during osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12539. [PMID: 30397970 PMCID: PMC6496301 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Exposure to microgravity induces many adaptive and pathological changes in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). However, the underlying mechanisms of these changes are poorly understood. We revealed the gene expression patterns of hBMSCs under normal ground (NG) and simulated microgravity (SMG), which showed an interpretation for these changes by gene regulation and signal pathways analysis. Materials and methods In this study, hBMSCs were osteogenically induced for 0, 2, 7 and 14 days under normal ground gravity and simulated microgravity, followed by analysis of the differences in transcriptome expression during osteogenic differentiation by RNA sequencing and some experimental verification for these results. Results The results indicated that 837, 399 and 894 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in 2, 7 and 14 days samples, respectively, out of which 13 genes were selected for qRT‐PCR analysis to confirm the RNA‐sequencing results. After analysis, we found that proliferation was inhibited in the early stage of induction. In the middle stage, osteogenic differentiation was inhibited, whereas adipogenic differentiation benefited from SMG. Moreover, SMG resulted in the up‐regulation of genes specific for tumorigenesis in the later stage. Conclusion Our data revealed that SMG inhibits the proliferation and inhibits the differentiation towards osteoblasts but promotes adipogenesis. SMG also selects highly tumorigenic cells for survival under prolonged SMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ling Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan-Fan Hong
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Departments of Cell Biology and Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jin-Fu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Farahzadi R, Fathi E, Mesbah-Namin SA, Zarghami N. Anti-aging protective effect of L-carnitine as clinical agent in regenerative medicine through increasing telomerase activity and change in the hTERT promoter CpG island methylation status of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Cell 2018; 54:105-113. [PMID: 30309499 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The identification of factors that reduce the senescent tendency of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon expansion has great potential for cellular therapies in regenerative medicine. Previous studies have shown the aging protective effect of L-carnitine (LC). On the other hand, reduction in proliferation potential and age-dependent decline in number and functions of MSCs were accompanied by telomere shortening, reduction in telomerase activity and epigenetic changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LC on aging of MSCs through telomerase activity assessment and the investigation of methylation status of the hTERT gene promoter. Telomerase activity and hTERT promoter methylation investigation was performed with PCR-ELISA TRAP assay and methylation specific PCR (MSP), respectively. Also, beta-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal) staining was used to calculate the percentage of senescent cells. The results showed that the LC could efficiently promote the telomerase activity. In addition, the percentage of senescent cells had significantly decreased and changes in the methylation status of the CpG islands in the hTERT promoter region under treatment with LC were seen. In conclusion, it seems that LC could improve the aging-related features due to increasing the telomerase activity, decreasing aging, and changing the methylation status of hTERT promoter; it could potentially beneficial for enhancing the application of aged-MSCs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Alireza Mesbah-Namin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Fathi E, Farahzadi R. Zinc Sulphate Mediates the Stimulation of Cell Proliferation of Rat Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under High Intensity of EMF Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:529-535. [PMID: 29189996 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Unlike the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine, their application in cell therapy can be complicated by factors such as a reduction in the proliferation potential, senescent tendency of MSCs to expand, and an age-dependent decline in their number and functions. It was shown that there is an association between exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and response to stress, cell proliferation, aging, and cell death. Furthermore, the zinc ion, as an essential trace element, was reported to be involved in the regulation of the growth and cell proliferation. In this report, ratadipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rADSCs) were randomly divided into four groups-group I (control without any ZnSO4 and EMF); group II (ZnSO4 treatment without EMF exposed); group III (EMF exposed without ZnSO4); and group ІV (EMF exposed with ZnSO4)-to evaluate whether 0.14 μg/ml Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) could affect cell proliferation of rADSCs under extremely low frequency-electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF). The methyl thiazoltetrazolium (MTT) method was used to determine the cell proliferation of rADSCs following exposure to ELF-EMF in the presence of ZnSO4. The immunocytochemistry method as well as flow-cytometry was used to identify the cell surface markers. Next, oil red O, alizarin red, toluidine blue, and cresyl violet staining was done to evaluate the adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and neurogenic differentiation of rADSCs as the pluripotent capacity of rADSCs, respectively. The results showed that an exposure to ELF-EMF caused a decrease in the proliferation of rADSCs. However, the ZnSO4 supplementation significantly increased the cell proliferation of ELF-EMF-exposed rADSCs. In addition, in the presence of 0.14 μg/ml ZnSO4, rADSCs appeared to be growing faster than the control group and ZnSO4 significantly decreased the doubling time of ELF-EMF-exposed rADSCs. It seems that ZnSO4 would be a good element to induce the cell proliferation of ELF-EMF-exposed rADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614731, Iran.
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The positive effect of chick embryo and nutrient mixture on bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells from aging rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7051. [PMID: 29728592 PMCID: PMC5935737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging of many mammalian tissues is associated with loss of functional adult stem cells, especially bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This study was aimed to analyze the biological effect of chick embryo (CE) and nutrient mixture (NM) on the BMSCs of aging rats. The aging rat model was established to be induced by D-galactose (500 mg/kg/d) for 90 days. Meanwhile, aging rats were fed with CE and NM in different dose manner by intragastric administration. At the end of the experimental period, serum was collected from rats and used for BMSCs culture. Flow cytometric analysis was used to investigate the BMSCs surface markers. Alizarin Red and oil red O staining were performed to evaluate the multi-lineage differentiation of BMSCs. The results showed that CE plus NM increased the telomere length of BMSCs and promoted BMSCs proliferation. Moreover, CE plus NM administration promoted BMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts and suppressed differentiation into adipocytes. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that there were 326 genes were up-regulated and 59 genes were down-regulated in BMSCs of aging rats treated with CE plus NM. In conclusion, CE plus NM supplement had potential to delay aging through the recovery of BMSCs senescence and could be used as a safe effective approach for nutritional therapy of anti-aging.
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Robert AW, Angulski ABB, Spangenberg L, Shigunov P, Pereira IT, Bettes PSL, Naya H, Correa A, Dallagiovanna B, Stimamiglio MA. Gene expression analysis of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells during the initial steps of in vitro osteogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4739. [PMID: 29549281 PMCID: PMC5856793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely studied with regard to their potential use in cell therapy protocols and regenerative medicine. However, a better comprehension about the factors and molecular mechanisms driving cell differentiation is now mandatory to improve our chance to manipulate MSC behavior and to benefit future applications. In this work, we aimed to study gene regulatory networks at an early step of osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, we analyzed both the total mRNA and the mRNA fraction associated with polysomes on human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) at 24 h of osteogenesis induction. The RNA-seq results evidenced that hASC fate is not compromised with osteogenesis at this time and that 21 days of continuous cell culture stimuli are necessary for full osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Furthermore, early stages of osteogenesis induction involved gene regulation that was linked to the management of cell behavior in culture, such as the control of cell adhesion and proliferation. In conclusion, although discrete initial gene regulation related to osteogenesis occur, the first 24 h of induction is not sufficient to trigger and drive in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Waloski Robert
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná. Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Addeli Bez Batti Angulski
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná. Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Lucia Spangenberg
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo. Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Patrícia Shigunov
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná. Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Isabela Tiemy Pereira
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná. Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Naya
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo. Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Correa
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná. Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dallagiovanna
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná. Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Marco Augusto Stimamiglio
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Paraná. Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR, 81350-010, Brazil.
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Ghasemi N. The Evaluation of Astaxanthin Effects on Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells into Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2018; 10:69-74. [PMID: 29849982 PMCID: PMC5960062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been explained as an autoimmune mediated disorder in central nerve system. Since conventional therapies for MS are not able to stop or reverse the destruction of nerve tissue, stem cell-based therapy has been proposed for the treatment of MS. Astaxanthin (AST) is a red fat-soluble xanthophyll with neuroprotection activity. The aim of this study was evaluation of pre-inducer function of AST on differentiation of human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (hADSCs) into oligodendrocyte precursor cells. METHODS After stem cell isolation, culture and characterization by flow cytometry, hanging drop technique was done for embryoid body formation. In the following, hADSCs were differentiated into oligodendrocyte cells in the presence of AST at various concentrations (1, 5, and 10 ng/ml). Finally, immunocytochemistry and real-time PCR techniques were used for assessment of oligodendrocyte differentiation. RESULTS Flow cytometry results indicated that hADSCs were CD44, CD49-positive, but were negative for CD14, CD45 markers. In addition, immunocytochemistry results revealed that, in AST treated groups, the mean percentage of Olig 2 and A2B5 positive cells increased especially in 5 ng/ml AST treated group compared to control group (p<0.001). Moreover, real-time PCR analysis confirmed the results of immunocytochemistry. CONCLUSION Since hADSCs have the potential to differentiate into multi lineage cells and due to important functions of AST in regulating various cellular processes, it seems that AST can be used as a promoter for oligodendrocyte differentiation of hADSCs for being used in cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazem Ghasemi
- Corresponding author: Nazem Ghasemi, Ph.D., Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Tel: +98 311 7929156 Fax: +98 311 792 32517 E-mail:
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Farahzadi R, Fathi E, Mesbah-Namin SA, Zarghami N. Zinc sulfate contributes to promote telomere length extension via increasing telomerase gene expression, telomerase activity and change in the TERT gene promoter CpG island methylation status of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188052. [PMID: 29145503 PMCID: PMC5690675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cell therapy and regenerative medicine has received widespread attention over the past few years, but their application can be complicated by factors such as reduction in proliferation potential, the senescent tendency of the MSCs upon expansion and their age-dependent decline in number and function. It was shown that all the mentioned features were accompanied by a reduction in telomerase activity and telomere shortening. Furthermore, the role of epigenetic changes in aging, especially changes in promoter methylation, was reported. In this study, MSCs were isolated from the adipose tissue with enzymatic digestion. In addition, immunocytochemistry staining and flow cytometric analysis were performed to investigate the cell-surface markers. In addition, alizarin red-S, sudan III, toluidine blue, and cresyl violet staining were performed to evaluate the multi-lineage differentiation of hADSCs. In order to improve the effective application of MSCs, these cells were treated with 1.5 × 10-8 and 2.99 × 10-10 M of ZnSO4 for 48 hours. The length of the absolute telomere, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene expression, telomerase activity, the investigation of methylation status of the hTERT gene promoter and the percentage of senescent cells were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR, PCR-ELISA TRAP assay, methylation specific PCR (MSP), and beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, respectively. The results showed that the telomere length, the hTERT gene expression, and the telomerase activity had significantly increased. In addition, the percentage of senescent cells had significantly decreased and changes in the methylation status of the CpG islands in the hTERT promoter region under treatment with ZnSO4 were seen. In conclusion, it seems that ZnSO4 as a proper antioxidant could improve the aging-related features due to lengthening of the telomeres, increasing the telomerase gene expression, telomerase activity, decreasing aging, and changing the methylation status of hTERT promoter; it could potentially beneficial for enhancing the application of aged-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mesbah-Namin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields cause antioxidative defense mechanisms in human osteoblasts via induction of •O 2- and H 2O 2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14544. [PMID: 29109418 PMCID: PMC5673962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we identified a specific extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF-PEMF) that supports human osteoblast (hOBs) function in an ERK1/2-dependent manner, suggesting reactive oxygen species (ROS) being key regulators in this process. Thus, this study aimed at investigating how ELF-PEMF exposure can modulate hOBs function via ROS. Our results show that single exposure to ELF-PEMF induced ROS production in hOBs, without reducing intracellular glutathione. Repetitive exposure (>3) to ELF-PEMF however reduced ROS-levels, suggesting alterations in the cells antioxidative stress response. The main ROS induced by ELF-PEMF were •O2− and H2O2, therefore expression/activity of antioxidative enzymes related to these ROS were further investigated. ELF-PEMF exposure induced expression of GPX3, SOD2, CAT and GSR on mRNA, protein and enzyme activity level. Scavenging •O2− and H2O2 diminished the ELF-PEMF effect on hOBs function (AP activity and mineralization). Challenging the hOBs with low amounts of H2O2 on the other hand improved hOBs function. In summary, our data show that ELF-PEMF treatment favors differentiation of hOBs by producing non-toxic amounts of ROS, which induces antioxidative defense mechanisms in these cells. Thus, ELF-PEMF treatment might represent an interesting adjunct to conventional therapy supporting bone formation under oxidative stress conditions, e.g. during fracture healing.
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Zhang C, Hong FF, Wang CC, Li L, Chen JL, Liu F, Quan RF, Wang JF. TRIB3 inhibits proliferation and promotes osteogenesis in hBMSCs by regulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10342. [PMID: 28871113 PMCID: PMC5583332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) is regulated by various factors, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Notch, growth hormones and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3), a pseudokinase, plays an important role in cancer cells and adipocytes. However, TRIB3 function in osteogenic differentiation is unknown, although it is involved in regulating signaling pathways associated with osteogenic differentiation. Here, we found that TRIB3 was highly expressed during osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) resulted in a significant decrease in TRIB3 expression, and expression of TRIB3 was restored by increasing insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) via activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling. TRIB3 knock-down enhanced proliferation and decreased osteogenic differentiation at the middle stage of differentiation, and these effects were reversed by inhibiting the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2. In conclusion, TRIB3 plays an important role in proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by regulating ERK1/2 activity at the middle stage of differentiation, and expression of TRIB3 is regulated by FAK in a PI3K/AKT-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Fan-Fan Hong
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Cui-Cui Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ling Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Fu Quan
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Fu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China.
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Fathi E, Farahzadi R, Rahbarghazi R, Samadi Kafil H, Yolmeh R. Rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells aging reduction by zinc sulfate under extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure is associated with increased telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2017; 8:89-96. [PMID: 28785382 PMCID: PMC5524544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Zinc as an essential trace element was reported to be involved in regulation of the growth and aging of cells. In this study, rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) of 50 Hz and 20 mT to evaluate whether exposure to ELF-EMF in the presence of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) affects the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene expression and aging in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The cell plates were divided into four groups including group I (control without ZnSO4 and ELF-EMF exposure); group II (ELF-EMF-exposure without ZnSO4); group III (ZnSO4 treatment without ELF-EMF exposure) and group ІV (ELF-EMF exposure with ZnSO4). In the presence of different concentrations of ZnSO4, cells viability, TERT gene expression and percentage of senescent cells were evaluated using colorimetric assay, real-time PCR and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity assay, respectively. In this experiment, cells were exposed to ELF-EMF for 30 min per day for 21 days in the presence and absence of ZnSO4. The results revealed that ELF-EMF leads to a decrease in the expression of TERT gene and increase in the percentage of senescent cells. However, the ZnSO4 could significantly increase the TERT gene expression and decrease the aging of ELF-EMF-exposed MSCs. It seems that ZnSO4 may be a beneficial agent to delay aging of ELF-EMF-exposed MSCs due to the induction of TERT gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; ,Correspondence: Raheleh Farahzadi. PhD, Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Madani Heart Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Rahman Yolmeh
- Shefa Neurosciences Research Center, Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
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