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Bartosiewicz A, Wyszyńska J, Łuszczki E, Lewandowska A, Zatorska-Zoła M, Sulikowski P, Matłosz P. Impact of Consumption of Specific Food Groups on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disorders among Nurses: Framingham's Multifactorial Predictive Model. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5568. [PMID: 39337053 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the consumption of selected food products and the risk of prevalence of selected metabolic and cardiovascular disorders among nurses. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 nurses. To achieve the study objective, body composition analysis (Tanita MC-980), blood pressure measurement (Welch Allyn 4200B), anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (CardioChek PA), and surveys regarding the consumption of specific food groups were conducted. Results: More than half of the respondents were overweight or/and obese, and almost 40% had elevated blood pressure levels. The results obtained from logistic regression models indicated that the consumption of specific food product groups may predispose to/increase the risk of hypertension, abdominal obesity, overweight, obesity, body fat accumulation, and the risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of targeted nutritional strategies to enhance the health and professional efficacy of nursing staff, paving the way for improved healthcare practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bartosiewicz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Justyna Wyszyńska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Lewandowska
- Faculty of Healthcare, State Academy of Applied Sciences in Jaroslaw, 37-500 Jaroslaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Sulikowski
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Matłosz
- Institute of Physical Culture Science, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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Lecoq AL, Schilbach K, Rocher L, Trabado S, Briot K, Herrou J, Forbes A, Garnier A, Piketty M, Bidlingmaier M, Rothenbuhler A, Linglart A, Carette C, Chaumet-Riffaud P, Kamenický P. Metabolically healthy obesity in adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 191:156-165. [PMID: 39120742 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by increased concentrations of circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) resulting in phosphate wasting, hypophosphatemia, atypical growth plate and bone matrix mineralization. Epidemiologic studies suggest a relationship between FGF-23, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high in children with XLH. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and metabolic complications in adults with XLH. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study in adult XLH patients from a single tertiary referral center. The proportion of patients with a BMI >25 kg/m2 was the main outcome measure. Body fat mass percentage (FM%) and adipose tissue surfaces were secondary outcome measures. Glucose homeostasis (plasma glucose and insulin concentrations after fasting and 2 hours after an oral glucose tolerance test) was explored in a subgroup of patients and compared with age-, sex-, and BMI-matched healthy controls. RESULTS Among 113 evaluated patients, 85 (75%) were female and 110 (97%) carried a PHEX mutation. Sixty-three (56%) patients were overweight or obese, with a median BMI of 25.3 [IQR, 22.7; 29.2] kg/m2. BMI was correlated with FM%, abdominal and thigh subcutaneous and intra-abdominal adipose tissue surfaces. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes was not different between XLH patients and matched controls. CONCLUSION The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high among XLH patients and is associated with excess fat mass. However, the prevalence of glucose homeostasis abnormalities is not increased in patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting that metabolically healthy overweight or obesity predominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Lecoq
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Calcium et du Phosphate, 94 276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Katharina Schilbach
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Laurence Rocher
- Université Paris-Saclay, BIOMAPS, UMR1281, AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de Radiologie, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Séverine Trabado
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Karine Briot
- Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Service de Rhumatologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Calcium et du Phosphate Filière OSCAR, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Julia Herrou
- Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Service de Rhumatologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Calcium et du Phosphate Filière OSCAR, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Forbes
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biophysique et Médecine Nucléaire, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Anthony Garnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Marie Piketty
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Service d'Explorations fonctionnelles Physiologie et Neurophysiologie, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Anya Rothenbuhler
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et Diabétologie de l'Enfant, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Calcium et du Phosphate, Plateforme d'Expertise Paris Saclay Maladies Rares et Filière OSCAR, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et Diabétologie de l'Enfant, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Calcium et du Phosphate, Plateforme d'Expertise Paris Saclay Maladies Rares et Filière OSCAR, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Claire Carette
- Université Paris-Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Nutrition, Centre Spécialisé Obésité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chaumet-Riffaud
- IHU FOReSIGHT, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Hôpital National de la Vision des Quinze-Vingts, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Peter Kamenický
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Calcium et du Phosphate, 94 276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France
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Pedersini R, Schivardi G, Laini L, Zamparini M, Bonalumi A, di Mauro P, Bosio S, Amoroso V, Villa N, Alberti A, Di Meo N, Gonano C, Zanini B, Laganà M, Ippolito G, Rinaudo L, Farina D, Castellano M, Cappelli C, Simoncini EL, Cosentini D, Berruti A. Changes in body composition in early breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02401-7. [PMID: 38856966 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to analyze the modification of total and regional body composition in early breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs). METHODS This is a prospective, single-center, observational, longitudinal study. Four-hundred and twenty-eight patients treated with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors were enrolled at the Medical Oncology and Breast Unit of Spedali Civili Hospital in Brescia from September 2014 to June 2022. Several body composition parameters including total and regional fat and lean body mass were investigated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at baseline and after 18 months of treatment with aromatase inhibitors. RESULTS A significant increase in fat body mass (mean + 7.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.5;8.9%) and a reduction in lean body mass (mean -3.1%, 95% CI -3.9; -2.4) were documented in this population. The changes in fat and lean body mass varied considerably according to different body districts ranging between + 3.2% to + 10.9% and from-1.3% to -3.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION Aromatase inhibitor adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer is associated with changes in body composition, with a wide variability among different body districts, leading to a risk of sarcopenic obesity. Supervised physical exercise that focuses on single body parts that may display detrimental variations may be beneficial for AIs treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pedersini
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
- SSVD Breast Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Schivardi
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - L Laini
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Zamparini
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Bonalumi
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - P di Mauro
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Bosio
- SSVD Breast Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - V Amoroso
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - N Villa
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Alberti
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - N Di Meo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Gonano
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - B Zanini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Laganà
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Ippolito
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Rinaudo
- Tecnologie Avanzate Srl, Turin, Italy
| | - D Farina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Castellano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Cappelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - E L Simoncini
- SSVD Breast Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - D Cosentini
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Berruti
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
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Columbres RCA, Luu V, Nguyen M, Kimonis V. Cross-sectional study of patients with VCP multisystem proteinopathy 1 using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Muscle Nerve 2024; 69:699-707. [PMID: 38551101 PMCID: PMC11076161 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS VCP multisystem proteinopathy 1 (MSP1), encompassing inclusion body myopathy (IBM), Paget's disease of bone (PDB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (IBMPFD), features progressive muscle weakness, fatty infiltration, and disorganized bone structure in Pagetic bones. The aim of this study is to utilize dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) parameters to examine it as a biomarker of muscle and bone disease in MSP1. METHODS DXA scans were obtained in 28 patients to assess body composition parameters (bone mineral density [BMD], T-score, total fat, and lean mass) across different groups: total VCP disease (n = 19), including myopathy without Paget's ("myopathy"; n = 12) and myopathy with Paget's ("Paget"; n = 7), and unaffected first-degree relatives serving as controls (n = 6). RESULTS In the VCP disease group, significant declines in left hip BMD and Z-scores were noted versus the control group (p ≤ .03). The VCP disease group showed decreased whole body lean mass % (p = .04), and increased total body fat % (p = .04) compared to controls. Subgroup comparisons indicated osteopenia in 33.3% and osteoporosis in 8.3% of the myopathy group, with 14.3% exhibiting osteopenia in the Paget group. Moreover, the Paget group displayed higher lumbar L1-L4 T-score values than the myopathy group. DISCUSSION In MSP1, DXA revealed reduced bone and lean mass, and increased fat mass. These DXA insights could aid in monitoring disease progression of muscle loss and secondary osteopenia/osteoporosis in MSP1, providing value both clinically and in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod Carlo Agram Columbres
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS 39401
| | - Vu Luu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Minh Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
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5
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Hamilton B, Brown A, Montagner-Moraes S, Comeras-Chueca C, Bush PG, Guppy FM, Pitsiladis YP. Strength, power and aerobic capacity of transgender athletes: a cross-sectional study. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:586-597. [PMID: 38599680 PMCID: PMC11137468 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-108029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare standard laboratory performance metrics of transgender athletes to cisgender athletes. METHODS 19 cisgender men (CM) (mean±SD, age: 37±9 years), 12 transgender men (TM) (age: 34±7 years), 23 transgender women (TW) (age: 34±10 years) and 21 cisgender women (CW) (age: 30±9 years) underwent a series of standard laboratory performance tests, including body composition, lung function, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, strength and lower body power. Haemoglobin concentration in capillary blood and testosterone and oestradiol in serum were also measured. RESULTS In this cohort of athletes, TW had similar testosterone concentration (TW 0.7±0.5 nmol/L, CW 0.9±0.4 nmol/), higher oestrogen (TW 742.4±801.9 pmol/L, CW 336.0±266.3 pmol/L, p=0.045), higher absolute handgrip strength (TW 40.7±6.8 kg, CW 34.2±3.7 kg, p=0.01), lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s:forced vital capacity ratio (TW 0.83±0.07, CW 0.88±0.04, p=0.04), lower relative jump height (TW 0.7±0.2 cm/kg; CW 1.0±0.2 cm/kg, p<0.001) and lower relative V̇O2max (TW 45.1±13.3 mL/kg/min/, CW 54.1±6.0 mL/kg/min, p<0.001) compared with CW athletes. TM had similar testosterone concentration (TM 20.5±5.8 nmol/L, CM 24.8±12.3 nmol/L), lower absolute hand grip strength (TM 38.8±7.5 kg, CM 45.7±6.9 kg, p=0.03) and lower absolute V̇O2max (TM 3635±644 mL/min, CM 4467±641 mL/min p=0.002) than CM. CONCLUSION While longitudinal transitioning studies of transgender athletes are urgently needed, these results should caution against precautionary bans and sport eligibility exclusions that are not based on sport-specific (or sport-relevant) research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair Hamilton
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
- School of Applied Sciences University, Brighton, UK
| | - Andrew Brown
- School of Applied Sciences University, Brighton, UK
| | | | | | - Peter G Bush
- School of Applied Sciences University, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Pei Q, Song Y, Huang Z, Yu H, Xu H, Ye X, Gao L, Gong J, Tian X. Effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on body fat: a retrospective case‒control study in Chinese transwomen. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:146. [PMID: 38760846 PMCID: PMC11100057 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is insufficient research on how gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) affects body fat modifications in transwomen from China. It is unclear whether hormone therapy affects the prevalence of obesity and blood lipid levels within this population. The current research aimed to assess how GAHT and treatment duration had an impact on the change in and redistribution of body fat in Chinese transwomen. METHODS This study included 40 transwomen who had not received GAHT and 59 who had. Body fat, blood lipid, and blood glucose levels were measured. GAHT is mainly a pharmacologic (estrogen and anti-androgen) treatment. The study also stratified participants based on the duration of GAHT to assess its impact on body fat distribution. The duration of GAHT was within one year, one to two years, two to three years, or more than three years. RESULTS After receiving GAHT, total body fat increased by 19.65%, and the percentage of body fat increased by 17.63%. The arm, corrected leg, and leg regions showed significant increases in fat content (+ 24.02%, + 50.69%, and + 41.47%, respectively) and percentage (+ 25.19%, + 34.90%, and + 30.39%, respectively). The total visceral fat content decreased (-37.49%). Based on the diagnostic standards for a body mass index ≥ 28 or total body fat percentage ≥ 25% or 30%, the chance of developing obesity did not change significantly. Blood glucose levels significantly increased (+ 12.31%). Total cholesterol levels (-10.45%) decreased significantly. Fat changes in those who received GAHT for one to two years were significantly different from those who did not receive GAHT. CONCLUSION After receiving GAHT, total body fat and regional fat increased in Chinese transwomen, and the body fat distribution changed from masculine to feminine, especially during the first two years. However, neither the increase in total body fat percentage nor the decrease in visceral fat content didn't bring about significant changes in the incidence of obesity, nor did triglycerides or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Pei
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Yuwei Song
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongkun Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Xunda Ye
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lvfen Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
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7
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Carter SJ, Singh H, Long EB, Martins C, McCarthy JP, Bickel CS, Bryan DR, Hunter GR. Walking net V ˙ O 2 rises with advancing age in older women: where to go from here? Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05465-8. [PMID: 38578446 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Walking net V ˙ O2 tends to increase with advancing age; however, factors contributing to this relationship have not been widely described. The implications of such findings could inform targeted strategies to promote independent mobility in older adults. Herein, we evaluated the relationship between net V ˙ O2 and age at two submaximal workloads while exploring potential moderators of this relationship. METHODS Secondary analyses were performed on 35 older (65 ± 3 years) women who completed a battery of physical assessments including fixed-speed, non-graded and graded (+ 2.5%) treadmill walking with indirect calorimetry to determine net V ˙ O2. Maximal oxygen uptake ( V ˙ O2max), knee extensor maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC), peak rate of torque development (RTD), and plantar flexor range-of-motion (PFROM) were also measured. RESULTS Bivariate correlations showed non-graded (r = 0.403, p = 0.017) and graded (r = 0.413, p = 0.014) net V ˙ O2 were positively related to age. Notably, these relationships strengthened after adjusting for V ˙ O2max. Regression modeling showed age, RTD:MVC ratio (composite of muscle performance), and PFROM together explained 49% and 34% of the variance in non-graded and graded net V ˙ O2, respectively. Further analyses suggested knee extensor MVC moderates the relationship between non-graded net V ˙ O2 and age, accounting for 9% of the variance [ΔR2 = 0.090, F (1,31) = 4.13, p = 0.05]. CONCLUSION These data support the premise that, in older women, walking net V ˙ O2 rises with advancing age, and additionally, the RTD:MVC ratio and PFROM are independent correlates of non-graded net V ˙ O2. Exercise interventions with a high degree of training specificity including explosive, velocity-based elements may promote independent mobility in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E 7th Street Suite 044, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Harshvardhan Singh
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Emily B Long
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E 7th Street Suite 044, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Catia Martins
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - John P McCarthy
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - C Scott Bickel
- Department of Physical Therapy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, 35229, USA
| | - David R Bryan
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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Dorling JL, Apolzan JW, Johannsen NM, Thomas DM, Höchsmann C, Hsia DS, Martin CK. Exercise-induced Changes in Central Adiposity During an RCT: Effect of Exercise Dose and Associations With Compensation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e997-e1005. [PMID: 38019946 PMCID: PMC10876389 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exercise can decrease central adiposity, but the effect of exercise dose and the relationship between central adiposity and exercise-induced compensation is unclear. OBJECTIVE Test the effect of exercise dose on central adiposity change and the association between central adiposity and exercise-induced weight compensation. METHODS In this ancillary analysis of a 6-month randomized controlled trial, 170 participants with overweight or obesity (mean ± SD body mass index: 31.5 ± 4.7 kg/m2) were randomized to a control group or exercise groups that reflected exercise recommendations for health (8 kcal/kg/week [KKW]) or weight loss and weight maintenance (20 KKW). Waist circumference was measured, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed central adiposity. Predicted weight change was estimated and weight compensation (weight change - predicted weight change) was calculated. RESULTS Between-group change in waist circumference (control: .0 cm [95% CI, -1.0 to 1.0], 8 KKW: -.7 cm [95% CI, -1.7 to .4], 20 KKW: -1.3 cm [95% CI, -2.4 to -.2]) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT; control: -.02 kg [95% CI, -.07 to .04], 8 KKW: -.01 kg [95% CI, -.07 to .04], 20 KKW: -.04 kg [95% CI, -.10 to .02]) was similar (P ≥ .23). Most exercisers (82.6%) compensated (weight loss less than expected). Exercisers who compensated exhibited a 2.5-cm (95% CI, .8 to 4.2) and .23-kg (95% CI, .14 to .31) increase in waist circumference and VAT, respectively, vs those who did not (P < .01). Desire to eat predicted VAT change during exercise (β = .21; P = .03). CONCLUSION In the presence of significant weight compensation, exercise at doses recommended for health and weight loss and weight maintenance leads to negligible changes in central adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Dorling
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life of Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - John W Apolzan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Neil M Johannsen
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Diana M Thomas
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Christoph Höchsmann
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80809, Germany
| | - Daniel S Hsia
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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9
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Villa P, Cipolla C, Amar I, Sodero G, Pane LC, Ingravalle F, Pontecorvi A, Scambia G. Bone mineral density and body mass composition measurements in premenopausal anorexic patients: the impact of lean body mass. J Bone Miner Metab 2024; 42:134-141. [PMID: 38194090 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evaluating bone density and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and analyzing their relationships among young anorexic women in comparison with normal-lean matched controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this observational cohort study, 98 normal-underweight young females were enrolled (aged more than 16 and less than 24 years). The study group included 68 anorexic patients and 30 healthy age-matched controls. The patients underwent a DXA examination to evaluate bone mineral density and body composition. Several indexes of body composition were used: the FMI (Fat Mass Index), the TLMI (Total Lean Mass Index) and the SMI (Skeletal Muscle mass Index) the last one as a marker of sarcopenia. RESULTS According to the ISCD (International Society for Clinical Densitometry) criteria, a significantly higher percentage of anorexic patients were found to be below the expected range for age as compared to controls (P < 0.01). According to WHO criteria, 20% of the anorexic patients presented an osteoporotic T-score index at the lumbar level and 18% presented an osteoporotic T-score at the femoral level. As regards the lean body characteristics, the SMI and TLMI were significantly lower in the anorexic population (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) and 24% of the anorexic patients presented SMI values that are indicative of pre-sarcopenia. In addition, only the SMI significantly correlated with both the lumbar and the femoral BMD values. CONCLUSION Anorexic patients have a very high risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Bone density is influenced by fat body mass and also significantly by lean body mass. Special consideration should be given to the sarcopenic condition since it is a worsening factor of bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Villa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Cipolla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Inbal Amar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sodero
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Via Della Pineta Sacchetti, 217, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Fabio Ingravalle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Greenblatt DJ, Bruno CD, Harmatz JS, Dawson-Hughes B, Zhang Q, Li C, Chow CR. Estimation of Absolute and Relative Body Fat Content Using Noninvasive Surrogates: Can DXA Be Bypassed? J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 63 Suppl 2:S35-S47. [PMID: 37942909 PMCID: PMC10651165 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning is used for objective determination of body composition, but instrumentation is expensive and not generally available in customary clinical practice. Anthropometric surrogates are often substituted as anticipated correlates of absolute and relative body fat content in the clinical management of obesity and its associated medical risks. DXA and anthropometric data from a cohort of 9230 randomly selected American subjects, available through the ongoing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, was used to evaluate combinations of surrogates (age, height, total weight, waist circumference) as predictors of DXA-determined absolute and relative body fat content. Multiple regression analysis yielded linear combinations of the 4 surrogates that were closely predictive of DXA-determined absolute fat content (R2 = 0.93 and 0.96 for male and female subjects). Accuracy of the new algorithm was improved over customary surrogate-based predictors such as body mass index. However prediction of relative body fat was less robust (R2 less than 0.75), probably due to the nonlinear relation between degree of obesity (based on body mass index) and relative body fat. The paradigm was validated using an independent cohort from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, as well as two independent external subject groups. The described regression-based algorithm is likely to be a sufficiently accurate predictor of absolute body fat (but not relative body fat) to substitute for DXA scanning in many clinical situations. Further work is needed to assess algorithm validity for subgroups of individuals with "atypical" body construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Greenblatt
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Bruno
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Emerald Lake Safety, LLC, Newport Beach, CA, USA
| | - Jerold S Harmatz
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qingchen Zhang
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunhui Li
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Yarur AJ, Bruss A, Moosreiner A, Beniwal-Patel P, Nunez L, Berens B, Colombel JF, Targan SR, Fox C, Melmed GY, Abreu MT, Deepak P. Higher Intra-Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue Mass Is Associated With Lower Rates of Clinical and Endoscopic Remission in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Initiating Biologic Therapy: Results of the Constellation Study. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:963-975.e5. [PMID: 37499955 PMCID: PMC10589067 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We sought to assess the association between intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue (IA-VAT) and response to 3 different biologic drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to investigate its effects on inflammatory cytokine expression, pharmacokinetics, and intestinal microbiota. METHODS We prospectively enrolled subjects with active IBD initiating infliximab, vedolizumab, or ustekinumab and a healthy control group. Baseline body composition (including IA-VAT as percent of total body mass [IA-VAT%]) was measured using GE iDXA scan. Primary outcome was corticosteroid- free deep remission at weeks 14-16, defined as Harvey Bradshaw Index <5 for Crohn's disease and partial Mayo score <2 for ulcerative colitis, with a normal C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin. Secondary outcomes were corticosteroid-free deep remission and endoscopic remission (Endoscopic Mayo Score ≤1 in ulcerative colitis or Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's disease ≤2) at weeks 30-46. RESULTS A total of 141 patients with IBD and 51 healthy controls were included. No differences in body composition parameters were seen between the IBD and healthy control cohorts. Patients with higher IA-VAT% were less likely to achieve corticosteroid-free deep remission (P < .001) or endoscopic remission (P = .02) vs those with lower IA-VAT%. Furthermore, nonresponders with high IA-VAT% had significantly higher serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor at baseline compared with responders and patients with low IA-VAT%. Drug pharmacokinetic properties and microbiota diversity were similar when comparing high and low IA-VAT% groups. CONCLUSIONS Higher IA-VAT% was independently associated with worse outcomes. This association could be driven at least partially by discrete differences in inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres J Yarur
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - Alexandra Bruss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Andrea Moosreiner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Poonam Beniwal-Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lizbeth Nunez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Brandon Berens
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Stephan R Targan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Caroline Fox
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Gil Y Melmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Parakkal Deepak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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12
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Zhao Y, Gong JX, Ji YT, Zhao XY, He L, Cai SZ, Yan XM. Cross-sectional study of characteristics of body composition of 24,845 children and adolescents aged 3-17 years in Suzhou. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:358. [PMID: 37442965 PMCID: PMC10339479 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to analyze the characteristics of the body composition of children and adolescents aged 3-17 in Suzhou, China. METHODS A cross-sectional study between January 2020 and June 2022 using bioelectrical impedance was conducted to determine the fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, and protein and mineral contents of 24,845 children aged 3-17 who attended the Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China. Measurement data was presented in tables as mean ± SD, and groups were compared using the independent samples t-test. RESULTS FM and fat-free mass increased with age in both boys and girls. The fat-free mass of girls aged 14-15 decreased after reaching a peak, and that of boys in the same age group was higher than that of the girls (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in FM between boys and girls younger than 9- and 10-years old. The percentage body fat (PBF) and FM index of girls increased rapidly between 11 and 15 years of age (p < 0.05), and those of boys aged 11-14 were significantly lower (p < 0.05), suggesting that the increase in body mass index (BMI) was mainly contributed by muscle mass (MM) in boys. CONCLUSIONS The body composition of children and adolescents varies according to their age and sex. A misdiagnosis of obesity made on the basis of BMI alone can be avoided if BMI is used in combination with FM index, percentage body fat, and other indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215003, China
| | - Jin-Xin Gong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Ting Ji
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Cai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiang-Ming Yan
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Baarts RB, Jensen MR, Hansen OM, Haddock B, Prescott E, Hovind P, Simonsen L, Bülow J, Suetta C. Age- and sex-specific changes in visceral fat mass throughout the life-span. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023. [PMID: 37312268 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visceral fat mass (VFM) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and malignancy; however, normative data are limited. The aim of this study was to provide reference data for VFM from a large, apparently healthy Caucasian adult population. METHODS Volunteers aged 20 to 93 years from the Copenhagen City Heart Study had a standardized whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan performed using the iDXA (GE Lunar). Total and regional fat mass was measured. VFM was quantified using the CoreScan application. RESULTS A total of 1277 participants were included (708 women, mean [SD], age: 56 [19] years, height: 1.66 [0.07] m, BMI: 24.64 [4.31] kg/m2 ; and 569 men, age: 57 [18] years, height: 1.80 [0.07] m, BMI: 25.99 [3.86] kg/m2 ). Increased VFM was positively correlated with age in both sexes. Men had significantly higher VFM in mass (g) after normalization to body size (m2 ) and total fat mass (p < 0.001). VFM increased more in women with high values of the android/gynoid ratio. CONCLUSIONS Normative data of VFM from a large, healthy Danish cohort aged 20 to 93 years are presented. VFM increased with age in both sexes, but men had significantly higher VFM compared with women with the same BMI, body fat percentage, and fat mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Bannebjerg Baarts
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Radmer Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Michael Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bryan Haddock
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Hovind
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Simonsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bülow
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wiacek M, Trąbka B, Tomasiuk R, Zubrzycki IZ. Changes in Health-related Parameters Associated with Sports Performance Enhancement Drugs. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:206-214. [PMID: 36460047 PMCID: PMC10049838 DOI: 10.1055/a-1960-2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in health-related parameters caused by the administration of anabolic-androgenic steroids and "fat-burning drugs" during a 6-month competition preparation period. The physiological, biochemical, and anthropometric parameters studied included serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, bilirubin, body mass, and percentage of total body fat. Changes in the parameters studied were analyzed at monthly intervals during six months of preparation for competition. The study revealed a continuous increase in body mass, accompanied by a decrease in body fat percentage to the physiologically essential level. Total cholesterol levels remined in the desirable concentration range. The mean levels of triglycerides fluctuated between borderline high and high. Mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained within the low range, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fluctuated between near-optimal / above-optimal, borderline high, and high levels. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase remained within the high concentration. The bilirubin concentration remained in the desirable range. The blood nitrogen urea concentration fluctuated between normal and elevated levels. Sports-enhancing drugs analyzed in this study do not have an immediate detrimental impact on the selected biochemical, physiological, and anthropometric parameters that define health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wiacek
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Radom, Poland
| | - Bartosza Trąbka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard Tomasiuk
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Radom, Poland
| | - Igor Z Zubrzycki
- Biometry and Mathematics, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gaborone, Botswana
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15
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Trinschek J, Zieliński J, Zarębska EA, Kusy K. Male and female athletes matched for maximum oxygen uptake per skeletal muscle mass: equal but still different. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:95-103. [PMID: 35230070 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.13605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We matched highly trained competitive male and female athletes using maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O<inf>2max</inf>) per kg skeletal muscle mass (SMM) to show sex differences in factors limiting V̇O<inf>2max</inf>. METHODS Thirteen highly trained male (28±3.0 yr) vs. 13 female (21.3±3.0 yr) endurance athletes and 10 male (23.9±3.8 yr) vs. 10 female sprinters (21.9±3.3 yr) performed an incremental running treadmill test until exhaustion. Main cardiorespiratory variables were measured using ergospirometry. SMM was determined using the dual X-ray absorptiometry method and a regression equation based on measured appendicular lean soft tissue. Basic hematological parameters were obtained from capillary blood samples taken before exercise. RESULTS In both endurance and sprint groups, male athletes had significantly higher muscle mass (by 8-12%) and substantially lower total fat (by 55-58%). For almost all body composition indicators, the effect size of sex differences was very large (Cohens d>1.4). Male athletes obtained significantly higher values in cardiorespiratory variables (by 12-34%) and factors related to oxygen transport (9-13%). Cohens d of the revealed differences was large or very large in both groups (0.8-2.1 in sprinters and 0.8-2.3 in endurance athletes). CONCLUSIONS Male and female competitive athletes having the same V̇̇O<inf>2max</inf> per kg SMM strongly differ in main factors limiting maximum oxygen uptake. These differences are more pronounced in endurance- than in sprint-trained athletes. The strongest differences are seen for body composition (fat, lean, and muscle mass) and central cardiac factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Trinschek
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland -
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa A Zarębska
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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Self-recorded heart rate variability profiles are associated with health and lifestyle markers in young adults. Clin Auton Res 2022; 32:507-518. [PMID: 35999422 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-022-00884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify associations between self-recorded heart rate variability (HRV) profiles and various health and lifestyle markers in young adults. METHODS Otherwise healthy volunteers (n = 40, 50% male) recorded 60-s, post-waking HRV with a cost-free mobile application in supine and standing positions for 7 days. The 7-day average and coefficient of variation (CV, reflects daily fluctuation) for the mean RR interval and root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD) were assessed. 7-day sleep duration and physical activity profiles were characterized via wrist-worn accelerometer. Subsequent laboratory assessments included aerobic fitness ([Formula: see text]O2peak) and markers of cardiovascular, metabolic, and psychoemotional health. Associations were evaluated before and after [Formula: see text]O2peak adjustment. RESULTS Bivariate correlations (P < 0.05) demonstrated that higher 7-day averages and/or lower CV values were associated with higher activity levels and superior cardiovascular (lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure [BP] and aortic stiffness [cf-PWV]), metabolic (lower body fat percentage, fasting glucose, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]), and psychoemotional health (lower perceived stress) markers, with some variation between sexes and recording position. In males, associations between HRV parameters and cf-PWV remained significant following [Formula: see text]O2peak adjustment (P < 0.05). In females, HRV parameters were associated (P < 0.05) with numerous cardiovascular (systolic and diastolic BP, cf-PWV) and metabolic (fasting glucose and LDL-C) parameters following [Formula: see text]O2peak adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Higher or more stable supine and standing HRV were generally associated with superior health and lifestyle markers in males and females. These findings lay groundwork for future investigation into the usefulness of self-recorded ultra-short HRV as a health-promoting behavior-modification tool in young adults.
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Body composition reference values in Singaporean adults using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-The Yishun study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276434. [PMID: 36269751 PMCID: PMC9586348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study establishes age- and sex-specific reference values for fat mass index (FMI), lean mass index (LMI), appendicular LMI (aLMI), and body fat distribution indices including Android/Gynoid % fat ratio and Trunk/Limb % fat ratio in multi-ethnic Singaporean adults. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic Discovery Wi) was carried out to measure whole body and regional fat and lean mass in community-dwelling adults. A total of 537 adults (57.5% women), aged from 21 to 90 years, were recruited from the large north-eastern residential town of Yishun. Age- and sex-specific percentile reference values were generated for FMI, LMI, aLMI, Android/Gynoid % fat ratio and Trunk/Limb % fat ratio using the Lambda-Mu-Sigma method. The relationship between the parameters and age were assessed through the Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS All parameters demonstrated significant correlation with age (p < 0.05) for both men and women, except for LMI in women, with the strength of r ranging from 0.12 (weak correlation) to 0.54 (strong correlation). LMI (r = -0.45) and appendicular LMI (r = -0.54) were negatively associated with age in men while none (r = -0.06) to weak correlation (r = -0.14) were shown in women for the same parameters respectively. The Android/Gynoid % fat ratio and Trunk/Limb % fat ratio were positively related to age for both men (r = 0.37 & 0.43, p < 0.001) and women (r = 0.52 & 0.48, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We have established DXA-based body composition reference data for the Singapore adult population. These reference data will be particularly useful in geriatric, obesity and oncology clinics, enabling the prescription of appropriate therapy to individuals at risk of morbidity from unfavorable body composition phenotypes. It also adds on to the limited reference database on Southeast Asian body composition.
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Inversely Associated With Aortic Arterial Stiffness in Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e641-e646. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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PINEAU JC. Prediction of percent body fat in adult men using ultrasonic and anthropometric measurements versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Terzis G, Papadimas G, Krase A, Kontou E, Arnaoutis G, Papadopoulos C. Body composition and 6 minute walking ability in late-onset pompe disease patients after 9 years of enzyme replacement therapy. Int J Neurosci 2022; 132:699-705. [PMID: 33045893 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1835902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pompe disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of acid α-glycosidase resulting in accumulation of glycogen in the lysosomes. The late-onset form of the disease (LOPD) causes primarily progressive muscle weakness and respiratory insufficiency. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) introduced in 2006, showed mild improvement or stabilization of the symptoms although long-term data are limited. Aim of the study was to describe the progression of body composition and walking ability in LOPD patients receiving ERT consistently for 9 years. METHODS Lean body mass, bone mineral density, body fat and 6 min walking distance were assessed in three male and three female LOPD patients (height 165.8 ± 11.2 cm, age 42.3 ± 11.8yrs, body mass 71.1 ± 20.8 kg, at study entry), every three years, for 9 years since ERT initiation (T0, T3, T6, T9). RESULTS Total body and upper extremities' lean mass remained unchanged (p < 0.05), but it was decreased for the lower extremities (T3:13.06 ± 3.848 kg vs. T9:11.63 ± 3.49 kg, p < 0.05). Lean body mass was not significantly different after 9 years of ERT compared to before the ERT initiation (T0 to T9). Bone mineral density remained unchanged. Percent body fat increased (T0:39.1 ± 10.3%, vs. T9:43.1 ± 10.4%, p < 0.05). Six minute walking distance tended to increase after 3 years of ERT and decreased gradually thereafter, with no difference between T0-T9. Lean mass of the lower extremities adjusted for body weight was significantly correlated with 6 min walking distance (r = 0.712, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The current data show that enzyme replacement therapy may preserve lean body mass, bone mineral density and walking capacity in LOPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Terzis
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Papadimas
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Argyro Krase
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Kontou
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giannis Arnaoutis
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Harokopion University of Athens, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Constantinos Papadopoulos
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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21
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Griffen C, Renshaw D, Duncan M, Weickert MO, Hattersley J. Changes in 24-h energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and body composition following resistance exercise and a high protein diet via whey protein supplementation in healthy older men. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15268. [PMID: 37815091 PMCID: PMC9332127 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate changes in 24-h energy expenditure (EE), substrate oxidation, and body composition following resistance exercise (RE) and a high protein diet via whey protein supplementation (alone and combined) in healthy older men. METHODS In a pooled groups analysis, 33 healthy older men [(mean ± SE) age: 67 ± 1 years; BMI: 25.4 ± 0.4 kg/m2] were randomized to either RE (2×/week; n = 17) or non-exercise (n = 16) and either a high protein diet via whey protein supplementation (PRO, 2 × 25 g whey protein isolate/d; n = 17) or control (CON, 2 × 23.75 g maltodextrin/d; n = 16). An exploratory sub-analysis was also conducted between RE+CON (n = 8) and RE+PRO (n = 9). At baseline and 12 weeks, participants resided in respiration chambers for measurement of 24-h EE and substrate oxidation and wore an accelerometer for 7 days for estimation of free-living EE. RESULTS Resistance exercise resulted in greater increases in fat-free mass (1.0 ± 0.3 kg), resting metabolic rate [(RMR) 36 ± 14 kcal/d], sedentary EE (60 ± 33 kcal/d), and sleeping metabolic rate [(SMR) 45 ± 7 kcal/d] compared to non-exercise (p < 0.05); however, RE decreased activity energy expenditure in free-living (-90 ± 25 kcal/d; p = 0.049) and non-exercise activity inside the respiration chamber (-1.9 ± 1.1%; p = 0.049). PRO decreased fat mass [(FM) -0.5 ± 0.3 kg], increased overnight protein oxidation (30 ± 6 g/d), and decreased 24-h protein balance (-20 ± 4 g/d) greater than CON (p < 0.05). RE+PRO decreased FM (-1.0 ± 0.5 kg) greater than RE+CON (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Resistance exercise significantly increased RMR, SMR, and sedentary EE in healthy older men, but not total EE. PRO alone and combined with RE decreased FM and aided body weight maintenance. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03299972.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin Griffen
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- Human Metabolism Research UnitUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Michael Duncan
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of Health and Life SciencesCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - John Hattersley
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- Human Metabolism Research UnitUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
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22
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Wisch JK, Cooley SA, Yarasheski KE, Cade WT, Reeds DN, Nelson B, Alemu R, Burdo TH, Ances BM. Socioeconomic status largely explains integrase inhibitors-related body composition differences in chronically infected men living with HIV. Antivir Ther 2022; 27:13596535221109748. [PMID: 35730471 DOI: 10.1177/13596535221109748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial body composition alterations have been reported after starting combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). We characterized a cohort of chronically infected and virologically suppressed (VL < 50 copies/ml) men (≥50 years old) living with HIV (MLWH) who were switched to integrase inhibitors (INSTI), and compared their body composition parameters and proinflammatory/endocrine profiles to age-matched MLWH on integrase inhibitor free (non-INSTI) regimens, taking into account neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic status (SES). In addition, we used previously published HIV-seronegative men of the same age as controls. METHODS We used dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to quantify body composition parameters, and measured plasma proinflammatory/endocrine markers in 56 MLWH. We compared body composition to a publicly available dataset of 450 HIV-seronegative men of similar age. Within the MLWH group, body composition and plasma proinflammatory/endocrine markers were compared between individuals on INSTI and non-INSTI regimens, accounting for SES. RESULTS Men living with HIV tended to have a greater android/gynoid ratio compared to HIV-seronegative men (p < 0.001). INSTI usage in MLWH was associated with lower adiposity measures when compared to non-INSTI, although these differences largely disappeared after controlling for SES. Proinflammatory/endocrine markers were similar for INSTI and non-INSTI MLWH. CONCLUSIONS Among cART-experienced MLWH, those receiving INSTI-containing regimens had modestly lower adiposity compared to non-INSTI MLWH, although these differences were explained by SES. Future studies examining the relationship between INSTI use and body composition should consider the impact of SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Wisch
- Department of Neurology, 7548Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah A Cooley
- Department of Neurology, 7548Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin E Yarasheski
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, 7548Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - W Todd Cade
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, 3065Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Department of Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, 7548Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brittany Nelson
- Department of Neurology, 7548Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruth Alemu
- Danforth Campus, 7548Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tricia H Burdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, 7548Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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23
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Jiménez-Zazo F, Hernández-Martínez A, Romero-Blanco C, Cabanillas E, Pérez-Gómez J, Ara I, Casajús JA, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Gesteiro E, González-Gross M, Aznar S. Physical Activity Adherence Related to Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Spanish Older Adults: 8 Years-Longitudinal EXERNET-Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:858312. [PMID: 35558702 PMCID: PMC9087712 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.858312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The multiple benefits of physical activity (PA) compared to the current lack of adherence to this behavior in older people makes it necessary to identify the factors related to its long-term dropout, therefore, the aim of this study was: (i) to study the evolution of behavior change for PA through stages of change (SoC) after 8 years and, to identify the associated factors related to the worsening of SoC for PA. Methods A total of 714 Spanish older adults (>65 years) participated in the Longitudinal elderly EXERNET study 8 years follow-up. SoC for PA from Transtheoretical model of behavior change (TTM), body composition [BMI, fat mass, lean mass, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC)] and physical fitness (EXERNET battery fitness tests) were recorded. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to identify the potential predictive factors of worsening SoC for PA. Results Three hundred and sixty participants (50.4%) worsening their SoC for PA after 8 years. Predictors factors associated with worsening of SoC were: HC (OR = 1.022; 95% CI: 1.001, 1.044), Lower body strength (OR = 0.940; 95% CI: 0.887, 0.997) and aerobic endurance at the 6 min-walk test (OR = 0.997; 95% CI: 0.995, 0.999). Conclusion This study highlights that we need to identify adults with high HC, lower body strength and lower aerobic endurance to design a tailored PA program. Identifying the determinants of losing adherence to PA will help in the creation, design, and evaluation of exercise programs with the goal of reducing older adults' drop-outs rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Exercise and Health in Special Population Spanish Research Net, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Romero-Blanco
- Exercise and Health in Special Population Spanish Research Net, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Esther Cabanillas
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Exercise and Health in Special Population Spanish Research Net, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- Exercise and Health in Special Population Spanish Research Net, Zaragoza, Spain.,HEME Research Group, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- Exercise and Health in Special Population Spanish Research Net, Zaragoza, Spain.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Casajús
- Exercise and Health in Special Population Spanish Research Net, Zaragoza, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CITA, Agroalimentary Institute of Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- Exercise and Health in Special Population Spanish Research Net, Zaragoza, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.,CITA, Agroalimentary Institute of Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, Huesca, Spain
| | - Eva Gesteiro
- Exercise and Health in Special Population Spanish Research Net, Zaragoza, Spain.,ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Exercise and Health in Special Population Spanish Research Net, Zaragoza, Spain.,ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Exercise and Health in Special Population Spanish Research Net, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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24
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Vest AR, Wong WW, Chery J, Coston A, Telfer L, Lawrence M, Celkupa D, Kiernan MS, Couper G, Kawabori M, Saltzman E. Skeletal Muscle Mass Recovery Early After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in Patients With Advanced Systolic Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e009012. [PMID: 35378982 PMCID: PMC9117416 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.009012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced systolic heart failure are at risk of unintentional weight loss and muscle wasting. It has been observed that left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients gain weight after device implantation, although it is unknown whether this represents skeletal muscle mass gains. We aimed to determine whether skeletal muscle mass increases early during LVAD support. METHODS We prospectively recruited 30 adults with systolic heart failure ±21 days from LVAD implantation. Participants underwent whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry to measure fat free mass, appendicular lean mass (ALM, lean mass in the arms and legs) and fat mass. Dual X-ray absorptiometry imaging was repeated at 3 and 6 months after LVAD implantation, with participation ending after the 6-month visit or heart transplantation, whichever occurred first. Changes in body composition were evaluated using mixed effects linear regression models. RESULTS The cohort was 87% male, with mean age 56±12 (SD) years, and mean body mass index 26.4±5.4 kg/m2. Per sarcopenia ALM criteria, 52% of participants had muscle wasting at baseline. At baseline, mean fat free mass and ALM were 56.4±11.7 and 21.0±5.3 kg, respectively. Both measures increased significantly (P<0.001) over 6 months of LVAD support: mean fat free mass change at 3 and 6 months: 2.3 kg (95% CI, 1.0-3.5) and 4.2 kg (95% CI, 2.2-6.1); mean ALM change at 3 and 6 months: 1.5 kg (95% CI, 0.7-2.3) and 2.3 kg (95% CI, 0.9-3.6). CONCLUSIONS Among LVAD recipients with advanced systolic heart failure and high baseline prevalence of muscle wasting, there were significant gains in skeletal muscle mass, as represented by dual X-ray absorptiometry fat free mass and ALM, over the first 6 months of LVAD support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Vest
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - William W Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.W.W.)
| | - Joronia Chery
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.C., A.C.)
| | - Alex Coston
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.C., A.C.)
| | - Laura Telfer
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - Matthew Lawrence
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - Didjana Celkupa
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - Michael S Kiernan
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - Gregory Couper
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - Masashi Kawabori
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - Edward Saltzman
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA (E.S.)
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25
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Carter SJ, Baranauskas MN, Singh H, Martins C, Hunter GR. ARTE index revisited: linking biomarkers of cardiometabolic health with free-living physical activity in postmenopausal women. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R292-R298. [PMID: 35081314 PMCID: PMC8917908 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00075.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activity-related energy expenditure (AEE) correlates with physical activity volume; however, between-person differences in body size and walking economy (net V̇o2) can influence AEE. The ratio of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) estimates physical activity level (PAL) relative to body mass, yet does not account for variance in walking economy. The activity-related time equivalent (ARTEwalk) circumvents such constraints by adjusting for individual-specific walking economy. Herein, we compared AEE, PAL, and ARTEwalk index in a cohort (n = 81) of postmenopausal women while examining possible associations with biomarkers of cardiometabolic health. Secondary analyses were performed on postmenopausal women dichotomized above/below age group 50th percentile for body fat percent. TEE was reduced by 10% for the thermogenesis of digestion wherein AEE was calculated by subtracting REE from adjusted TEE. PAL was calculated as the ratio of TEE/REE. AEE was divided by the mean net energy expenditure of nongraded walking to calculate the ARTEwalk index. Between-group differences were not detected for AEE or PAL. However, the ARTEwalk index revealed that participants with less adiposity were more physically active (258 ± 149 vs. 198 ± 115 min·day-1; P = 0.046; g = 0.46). AEE and PAL did not correlate with cardiorespiratory fitness or biomarkers of cardiometabolic health. Cardiorespiratory fitness (r = 0.32), arterial elasticity (r = 0.24), total cholesterol/HDL-c ratio (r = -0.22), and body fat% (r = -0.24) were correlated with ARTEwalk. The ARTEwalk index may offer utility in detecting possible differences in physical activity volume among postmenopausal women and appears better associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers compared with AEE or PAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marissa N Baranauskas
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Harshvardhan Singh
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Catia Martins
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Obesity and Innovation, Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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26
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Antikainen L, Jääskeläinen J, Nordman H, Voutilainen R, Huopio H. Boys but Not Girls Exposed to Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Have Unfavorable Fat Distribution. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 94:194-200. [PMID: 34515128 DOI: 10.1159/000518739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overweight are associated with an increased risk of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in the adult offspring. We studied the influence of maternal GDM on prepubertal children's body composition and bone mineral biochemistry. METHODS A total of 134 prepubertal Caucasian children (age range 4.4-9.7 years) were studied in a controlled cross-sectional study. Seventy-six children had been exposed to maternal GDM and 58 children born after a normal pregnancy served as controls. The outcome variables were body fat %, android fat %, gynoid fat %, android/gynoid fat ratio, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), muscle mass, lean mass (LM) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ionized calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. RESULTS There were no differences in body fat %, android fat %, BMD, BMC, muscle mass, or LM between the study groups. Gynoid fat % was higher in the GDM than control children (p = 0.03). Android fat %, gynoid fat %, and android/gynoid fat ratio were higher in the GDM boys than control boys (p = 0.046, 0.037, and 0.038) respectively, but no differences were found between the GDM and control girls. CONCLUSIONS Boys exposed to maternal GDM presented with more unfavorable fat distribution than their controls, whereas no difference was found between the girls. Otherwise, the differences in body composition were minimal between prepubertal GDM and control children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Antikainen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henrikki Nordman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raimo Voutilainen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Huopio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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27
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Gautheron J, Lima L, Akinci B, Zammouri J, Auclair M, Ucar SK, Ozen S, Altay C, Bax BE, Nemazanyy I, Lenoir V, Prip-Buus C, Acquaviva-Bourdain C, Lascols O, Fève B, Vigouroux C, Noel E, Jéru I. Loss of thymidine phosphorylase activity disrupts adipocyte differentiation and induces insulin-resistant lipoatrophic diabetes. BMC Med 2022; 20:95. [PMID: 35341481 PMCID: PMC8958798 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), encoded by the TYMP gene, is a cytosolic enzyme essential for the nucleotide salvage pathway. TP catalyzes the phosphorylation of the deoxyribonucleosides, thymidine and 2'-deoxyuridine, to thymine and uracil. Biallelic TYMP variants are responsible for Mitochondrial NeuroGastroIntestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized in most patients by gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, ultimately leading to death. Studies on the impact of TYMP variants in cellular systems with relevance to the organs affected in MNGIE are still scarce and the role of TP in adipose tissue remains unexplored. METHODS Deep phenotyping was performed in three patients from two families carrying homozygous TYMP variants and presenting with lipoatrophic diabetes. The impact of the loss of TP expression was evaluated using a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated TP knockout (KO) strategy in human adipose stem cells (ASC), which can be differentiated into adipocytes in vitro. Protein expression profiles and cellular characteristics were investigated in this KO model. RESULTS All patients had TYMP loss-of-function variants and first presented with generalized loss of adipose tissue and insulin-resistant diabetes. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated TP KO in ASC abolished adipocyte differentiation and decreased insulin response, consistent with the patients' phenotype. This KO also induced major oxidative stress, altered mitochondrial functions, and promoted cellular senescence. This translational study identifies a new role of TP by demonstrating its key regulatory functions in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS The implication of TP variants in atypical forms of monogenic diabetes shows that genetic diagnosis of lipodystrophic syndromes should include TYMP analysis. The fact that TP is crucial for adipocyte differentiation and function through the control of mitochondrial homeostasis highlights the importance of mitochondria in adipose tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Gautheron
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France.
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Lara Lima
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Baris Akinci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Jamila Zammouri
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Martine Auclair
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Sema Kalkan Ucar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Samim Ozen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Canan Altay
- Department of Radiology, Dokuz Eylul University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bridget E Bax
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Platform for Metabolic Analyses, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Inserm, US24/CNRS UMS 3633, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Lenoir
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Carina Prip-Buus
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Acquaviva-Bourdain
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, Hospices Civils, UM Pathologies Héréditaires du Métabolisme et du Globule Rouge, CHU de Lyon, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Olivier Lascols
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
- Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
- Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Esther Noel
- Département de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France.
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012, Paris, France.
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Hagenburg J, Bertin E, Salmon JH, Thierry A, Perotin JM, Dormoy V, Dury S, Gaubil I, Bolko L, Lebargy F, Deslee G, Launois C. Association between obesity-related dyspnea in daily living, lung function and body composition analyzed by DXA: a prospective study of 130 patients. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:103. [PMID: 35337302 PMCID: PMC8957162 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a risk factor for dyspnea. However, investigations of daily living obesity-related dyspnea are limited and its mechanisms remain unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study to analyze the relationships between dyspnea in daily living, lung function, and body composition in patients with obesity. Methods One-hundred and thirty patients (103 women/27 men), candidate for bariatric surgery, with a mean ± SD Body Mass Index (BMI) of 44.8 ± 6.8 kg/m2 were included. Dyspnea was assessed by the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale. Comorbidities, laboratory parameters, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gases, six-minute walk test (6MWT), handgrip strength, and DXA body composition were analyzed. Results Thirty-one percent of patients exhibited disabling dyspnea in daily living (mMRC ≥ 2). Compared with patients without disabling dyspnea (mMRC < 2), significant dyspnea (mMRC ≥ 2) was associated with a lower 6MWT distance (395 ± 103 m vs 457 ± 73 m, p < 0.001), lower lung volumes including Expiratory Reserve Volume (42 ± 28% vs 54 ± 27%, p = 0.024), Vital Capacity (95 ± 14 vs 106 ± 15%, p < 0.001) and Forced expiratory volume in one second (95 ± 13 vs 105 ± 15%, p = 0.002), a higher BMI (48.2 ± 7.7 vs 43.2 ± 5.7 kg/m2, p = 0.001) and a higher percentage of fat mass in the trunk (46 ± 5 vs 44 ± 5 p = 0.012) and android region (52 ± 4 vs 51 ± 4%, p = 0.024). There was no difference regarding comorbidities (except hypertension), laboratory parameters, and sarcopenia markers between patients with (mMRC ≥ 2) and without (mMRC < 2) disabling dyspnea. Conclusion Dyspnea in patients with obesity is associated with a reduction in lung volumes and a higher percentage of fat mass in central body regions. How dyspnea and body composition may change with interventions like physical activity or bariatric surgery remains to be investigated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-01884-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Hagenburg
- Service Des Maladies Respiratoires, CHU Reims, Reims, France
| | - Eric Bertin
- Service d'Endocrinologie Diabète Nutrition, Centre Spécialisé Obésité, CHU Reims, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Jeanne-Marie Perotin
- Service Des Maladies Respiratoires, CHU Reims, Reims, France.,INSERM UMR-S 1250 "Pathologies Pulmonaires Et Plasticité Cellulaire", Reims, France
| | - Valérian Dormoy
- INSERM UMR-S 1250 "Pathologies Pulmonaires Et Plasticité Cellulaire", Reims, France
| | - Sandra Dury
- Service Des Maladies Respiratoires, CHU Reims, Reims, France
| | - Isabelle Gaubil
- Service d'Endocrinologie Diabète Nutrition, Centre Spécialisé Obésité, CHU Reims, Reims, France
| | - Lois Bolko
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Reims, Reims, France
| | | | - Gaëtan Deslee
- Service Des Maladies Respiratoires, CHU Reims, Reims, France.,INSERM UMR-S 1250 "Pathologies Pulmonaires Et Plasticité Cellulaire", Reims, France
| | - Claire Launois
- Service Des Maladies Respiratoires, CHU Reims, Reims, France.
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Maeda SS, Peters BSE, Martini LA, Antunes HKM, Gonzalez MC, Arantes HP, Prado CM, Pinto CL, de Araújo IM, de Paula FJA, Borges JLC, Albergaria BH, Ushida M, de Souza GC, de Mendonça LMC, do Prado M, de Medeiros Pinheiro M. Official position of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO) on the evaluation of body composition by densitometry: part I (technical aspects)—general concepts, indications, acquisition, and analysis. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:7. [DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To review the technical aspects of body composition assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and other methods based on the most recent scientific evidence.
Materials and methods
This Official Position is a result of efforts by the Scientific Committee of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo, ABRASSO) and health care professionals with expertise in body composition assessment who were invited to contribute to the preparation of this document. The authors searched current databases for relevant publications. In this first part of the Official Position, the authors discuss the different methods and parameters used for body composition assessment, general principles of DXA, and aspects of the acquisition and analysis of DXA scans.
Conclusion
Considering aspects of accuracy, precision, cost, duration, and ability to evaluate all three compartments, DXA is considered the gold-standard method for body composition assessment, particularly for the evaluation of fat mass. In order to ensure reliable, adequate, and reproducible DXA reports, great attention is required regarding quality control procedures, preparation, removal of external artifacts, imaging acquisition, and data analysis and interpretation.
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Fitch AK, Bays HE. Obesity definition, diagnosis, bias, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and telehealth: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 1:100004. [PMID: 37990702 PMCID: PMC10661988 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2021.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) regarding definition, diagnosis, bias, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and telehealth is intended to provide clinicians an overview of obesity medicine and provide basic organizational tools towards establishing, directing, managing, and maintaining an obesity medical practice. Methods This CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results OMA has defined obesity as: "A chronic, progressive, relapsing, and treatable multi-factorial, neurobehavioral disease, wherein an increase in body fat promotes adipose tissue dysfunction and abnormal fat mass physical forces, resulting in adverse metabolic, biomechanical, and psychosocial health consequences." While body mass index may be sufficiently diagnostic for populations and many patients, accurate diagnosis of adiposity in an individual may require anthropometric assessments beyond body weight alone (e.g., waist circumference, percent body fat, and android/visceral fat). Obesity complications can be categorized as "sick fat disease" (adiposopathy) and/or "fat mass disease." Obesity complications predominantly of fat mass origins include sleep apnea and orthopedic conditions. Obesity complications due to adiposopathic endocrinopathies and/or immunopathies include cardiovascular disease, cancer, elevated blood sugar, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, and alterations in sex hormones in both males (i.e., hypogonadism) and females (i.e., polycystic ovary syndrome). Obesity treatment begins with proactive steps to avoid weight bias, including patient-appropriate language, office equipment, and supplies. To help manage obesity and its complications, this CPS provides a practical template for an obesity medicine practice, creation of standard operating procedures, and incorporation of the OMA "ADAPT" method in telehealth (Assessment, Diagnosis, Advice, Prognosis, and Treatment). Conclusions The OMA CPS regarding "Obesity Definition, Diagnosis, Bias, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and Telehealth" is one in a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians care for patients with the disease of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K. Fitch
- Massachusetts General Hospital Weight Center, Harvard Medical School, 50 Staniford Street Suite 430, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Harold E. Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
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Burridge K, Christensen SM, Golden A, Ingersoll AB, Tondt J, Bays HE. Obesity history, physical exam, laboratory, body composition, and energy expenditure: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 1:100007. [PMID: 37990700 PMCID: PMC10661987 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2021.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on History, Physical Exam, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure is intended to provide clinicians an overview of the clinical and diagnostic evaluation of patients with pre-obesity/obesity. Methods The scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results This CPS outlines important components of medical, dietary, and physical activity history as well as physical exams, with a focus on specific aspects unique to managing patients with pre-obesity or obesity. Patients with pre-obesity/obesity benefit from the same preventive care and general laboratory testing as those without an increase in body fat. In addition, patients with pre-obesity/obesity may benefit from adiposity-specific diagnostic testing - both generally and individually - according to patient presentation and clinical judgment. Body composition testing, such as dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance, and other measures, each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Some patients in clinical research, and perhaps even clinical practice, may benefit from an assessment of energy expenditure. This can be achieved by several methods including direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry, doubly labeled water, or estimated by equations. Finally, a unifying theme regarding the etiology of pre-obesity/obesity and effectiveness of treatments of obesity centers on the role of biologic and behavior efficiencies and inefficiencies, with efficiencies more often associated with increases in fat mass and inefficiencies more often associated with decreases in fat mass. Conclusion The Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on History, Physical Exam, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of pre-obesity/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Burridge
- Gaining Health, 528 Pennsylvania Ave #708 Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, USA
| | - Sandra M. Christensen
- Integrative Medical Weight Management, 2611 NE 125th St., Suite 100B, Seattle, WA, 98125, USA
| | - Angela Golden
- NP Obesity Treatment Clinic and NP from Home, LLC, PO Box 25959, Munds Park, AZ, 86017, USA
| | - Amy B. Ingersoll
- Enara Health, 3050 S. Delaware Street, Suite 130, San Mateo, CA, 94403, USA
| | - Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
| | - Harold E. Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
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Moccia P, Belda-Montesinos R, Monllor-Tormos A, Chedraui P, Cano A. Body weight and fat mass across the menopausal transition: hormonal modulators. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:99-104. [PMID: 34898344 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.2004395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the menopause in weight gain is an understudied yet important field, given the rising prevalence of obesity and its associated risk of disease. OBJECTIVE To review the current evidence regarding the impact of the menopausal transition on changes in body composition and fat accrual in women and the hormonal mechanisms underlying the process. METHODS A critical appraisal of the current literature by experts in the field. RESULTS Menopause is associated with an overall increase in fat mass, which tends to accumulate around the waist. There is also a decrease in lean mass, particularly evident in the lower limbs. Reduced energy expenditure (EE) has been confirmed in parallel with increased food intake, the latter being more evident in experimental models. A prominent role has been found for the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha isoform in fat accrual. Human studies suggest a role for androgens in central fat accumulation and type 2 diabetes. FSH is a key factor in the process of fat accumulation, but only in rodents. Clinical studies suggest that these endocrine alterations are insufficient to explain the observed changes. CONCLUSIONS The menopausal transition is associated with an increase in adiposity, which accumulates preferentially in the abdominal area. Hypoestrogenism and the imbalance of the androgen/estrogen ratio are strong candidates to explain the phenomenon, although other hormonal factors probably also play a role. The impact on risk of disease is still insufficiently known, although an association with risk factors, such as an unfavorable lipid profile or insulin resistance seems likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Moccia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit on Women's Health - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Aitana Monllor-Tormos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit on Women's Health - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral and Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit on Women's Health - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Buso G, Favre L, Vionnet N, Gonzalez-Rodriguez E, Hans D, Puder JJ, Dubath C, Eap CB, Raffoul W, Collet TH, Mazzolai L. Body Composition Assessment by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: A Useful Tool for the Diagnosis of Lipedema. Obes Facts 2022; 15:762-773. [PMID: 36310013 PMCID: PMC9801362 DOI: 10.1159/000527138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipedema is a poorly known condition. Diagnosis is based almost exclusively on clinical criteria, which may be subjective and not always reliable. This study aimed to investigate regional body composition (BC) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in patients with lipedema and healthy controls and to determine cut-off values of fat mass (FM) indices to provide an additional tool for the diagnosis and staging of this condition. METHODS This study is a single-center case-control study performed at Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland. Women with clinically diagnosed lipedema underwent regional BC assessment by DXA. The control group without clinical lipedema was matched for age and body mass index (BMI) at a ratio of 1:2 and underwent similar examination. Regional FM (legs, arms, legs and arms, trunk, android and gynoid FM) was measured in (kg) and divided by FM index (FMI) (kg/m2) and total FM (kg). The trunk/legs and android/gynoid ratios were calculated. For all indices of FM distribution showing a significant difference between cases and controls, we defined the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calculating the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's index. Types and stages of lipedema were compared in terms of FM indices. Correlation analyses between all FM distribution indices and lipedema stages were performed. RESULTS We included 222 women (74 with lipedema and 148 controls). Overall, the mean age was 41 years (standard deviation [SD] 11), and mean BMI was 30.9 kg/m2 (SD 7.6). A statistically significant difference was observed for all DXA-derived indices of FM distribution between groups, except for arm FM indices. The ROC curve analysis of leg FM/total FM, as a potential indicator of lipedema, resulted in an AUC of 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.86-0.94). According to Youden's index, optimal cut-off value identifying lipedema was 0.384. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.95 and 0.73, respectively. We found no significant differences between lipedema types and stages in terms of FM indices, nor significant correlations between the latter and lipedema stages. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION BC assessment by DXA, and particularly calculation of the leg FM/total FM index, is a simple tool that may help clinicians rule out lipedema in doubtful cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Buso
- Angiology Division, Heart and Vessels Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Lucia Mazzolai,
| | - Lucie Favre
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Division, Medicine Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Division, Medicine Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Locomotor System Department, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bone Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Hans
- Locomotor System Department, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bone Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jardena Jacqueline Puder
- Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Dubath
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Chin-Bin Eap
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
- Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Plastic Surgery Division, Locomotor System Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tinh-Hai Collet
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Division, Medicine Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Mazzolai
- Angiology Division, Heart and Vessels Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Lucia Mazzolai,
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Więch P, Muster M, Godek Ł, Sałacińska I, Guty E, Kucaba G, Bazaliński D. The Relationship between Selected Body Composition Components and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Parameters in Nurses: An Observational Simulation Study. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010049. [PMID: 35011790 PMCID: PMC8745276 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The provision of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be related to the physical parameters of the medical personnel, including fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) components. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between selected body composition components and chest compression and ventilation parameters provided by medical staff. An observational simulation study was undertaken between December 2017 and January 2019 at the Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences of Rzeszów. In all participants (505 nurses, 37.71 y ± 12.16), the body weight and height were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The body composition indicators were obtained using a bioelectrical impedance device, AKERN BIA 101. Afterwards, all participants performed CPR sequences (30 chest compressions and rescue for 2 breaths) for 2 min on a Laerdal Resusci Anne simulator placed on an examination couch with a self-inflating bag and a face mask. Our observations proved that high values of the anthropometric, nutritional and body composition parameters of the medical staff demonstrated a positive significant correlation with the depth and rate chest parameters and were inversely related to the chest adequate recoil. No statistically significant differences were found between the FM or FFM components and ventilation parameters. This study showed that nutritional status and body composition components may be important factors affecting the quality of CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Więch
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.M.); (I.S.); (D.B.)
- Institute of Social Sciences and Health Protection, East European State Higher School in Przemyśl, 37-700 Przemyśl, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-667-192-696
| | - Marek Muster
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.M.); (I.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Łukasz Godek
- Institute of Physical Culture Studies, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Izabela Sałacińska
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.M.); (I.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Edyta Guty
- Institute of Social Sciences and Health Protection, East European State Higher School in Przemyśl, 37-700 Przemyśl, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Kucaba
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Bazaliński
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.M.); (I.S.); (D.B.)
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Ericsson YB, McGuigan FE, Akesson KE. Knee pain in young adult women- associations with muscle strength, body composition and physical activity. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:715. [PMID: 34419011 PMCID: PMC8380389 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee pain is studied mostly in older age groups, although in young adults it may be an indicator of future impaired musculoskeletal health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between knee pain and thigh muscle strength in young adult women and to explore the associations between muscle strength, body composition, physical activity and knee pain. METHODS The PEAK-25 cohort consists of women aged 25 at baseline (N=1064). At the 10-year follow-up n=728 attended for DXA-measured body composition and muscle strength assessment and n=797 answered the questionnaire on health and lifestyle. Independent samples t-test was used to compare women with and without knee pain, Spearman correlation was used to test the longitudinal association between strength and knee pain. RESULTS Knee pain was reported by one third of the women at follow-up (n=260, 33%), although physical activity levels were similar in those with and without pain (high level 50 vs 45 % (p= 0.18). Body composition differed, however. Women with knee pain had higher BMI (25.6 vs 24.1), fat mass index (9.2 vs 8.2) and % total body fat mass (34.7 vs 33.2). Simultaneously, they had lower % lean mass (total body 61.5 vs 62.8; legs 20.6 vs 21.0) and lower thigh muscle strength (extensors 184.9 vs 196.8, flexors 96.6 vs 100.9, p<0.05), but slightly higher hamstrings-to -quadriceps ratio (0.53 vs 0.51, p=0.04). Muscle strength at baseline weakly correlated with knee pain at follow-up (extensor rs= -0.04; flexor -0.02, p>0.2). Overweight women had higher absolute thigh muscle strength, but lower weight-adjusted strength than normal weight women (p<0.001). Leg lean mass explained 26-34% of the variation in muscle strength and adjustment for physical activity level had little effect. CONCLUSION Knee pain is already common among women in their mid-thirties. Lower thigh muscle strength in the mid-twenties was not associated with future knee pain, however women with knee pain tended to have lower thigh muscle strength and a body composition of higher body fat combined with lower lean mass. Maintaining a healthy body composition and adequate thigh muscle strength may be beneficial for knee joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva B Ericsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Ortopedics, Skane University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Kristina E Akesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. .,Department of Ortopedics, Skane University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
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Saponara E, Chen R, Reding T, Zuellig R, Henstridge DC, Graf R, Sonda S. Single or combined ablation of peripheral serotonin and p21 limit adipose tissue expansion and metabolic alterations in early adulthood in mice fed a normocaloric diet. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255687. [PMID: 34379673 PMCID: PMC8357085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the fundamental molecular factors that drive weight gain even in the absence of hypercaloric food intake, is crucial to enable development of novel treatments for the global pandemic of obesity. Here we investigated both adipose tissue-specific and systemic events that underlie the physiological weight gain occurring during early adulthood in mice fed a normocaloric diet. In addition, we used three different genetic models to identify molecular factors that promote physiological weight gain during normocaloric and hypercaloric diets. We demonstrated that normal physiological weight gain was accompanied by an increase in adipose tissue mass and the presence of cellular and metabolic signatures typically found during obesity, including adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage recruitment into visceral fat and perturbed glucose metabolism. At the molecular level, this was associated with an increase in adipose tissue tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) transcripts, the key enzyme responsible for the synthesis of peripheral serotonin. Genetic inactivation of Tph1 was sufficient to limit adipose tissue expansion and associated metabolic alterations. Mechanistically, we discovered that Tph1 inactivation resulted in down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1 expression. Single or double ablation of Tph1 and p21 were equally effective in preventing adipocyte expansion and systemic perturbation of glucose metabolism, upon both normocaloric and hypercaloric diets. Our results suggest that serotonin and p21 act as a central molecular determinant of weight gain and associated metabolic alterations, and highlights the potential of targeting these molecules as a pharmacologic approach to prevent the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Saponara
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theresia Reding
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Zuellig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Darren C. Henstridge
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Rolf Graf
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Gautheron J, Morisseau C, Chung WK, Zammouri J, Auclair M, Baujat G, Capel E, Moulin C, Wang Y, Yang J, Hammock BD, Cerame B, Phan F, Fève B, Vigouroux C, Andreelli F, Jeru I. EPHX1 mutations cause a lipoatrophic diabetes syndrome due to impaired epoxide hydrolysis and increased cellular senescence. eLife 2021; 10:68445. [PMID: 34342583 PMCID: PMC8331186 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolases (EHs) regulate cellular homeostasis through hydrolysis of epoxides to less-reactive diols. The first discovered EH was EPHX1, also known as mEH. EH functions remain partly unknown, and no pathogenic variants have been reported in humans. We identified two de novo variants located in EPHX1 catalytic site in patients with a lipoatrophic diabetes characterized by loss of adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and multiple organ dysfunction. Functional analyses revealed that these variants led to the protein aggregation within the endoplasmic reticulum and to a loss of its hydrolysis activity. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated EPHX1 knockout (KO) abolished adipocyte differentiation and decreased insulin response. This KO also promoted oxidative stress and cellular senescence, an observation confirmed in patient-derived fibroblasts. Metreleptin therapy had a beneficial effect in one patient. This translational study highlights the importance of epoxide regulation for adipocyte function and provides new insights into the physiological roles of EHs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Gautheron
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States.,Deparment of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Jamila Zammouri
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Martine Auclair
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Genevieve Baujat
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Capel
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Celia Moulin
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Barbara Cerame
- Goryeb Children's Hospital, Atlantic Health Systems, Morristown Memorial Hospital, Morristown, United States
| | - Franck Phan
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Service de Diabétologie-Métabolisme, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_1269, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Fabrizio Andreelli
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Service de Diabétologie-Métabolisme, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_1269, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Jeru
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Haghighat N, Ashtari-Larky D, Aghakhani L, Asbaghi O, Hoseinpour H, Hosseini B, Shahabinezhad A, Pourmohammad A, Hosseini SV, Amini M, Clark CCT, Bananzadeh A. How Does Fat Mass Change in the First Year After Bariatric Surgery? A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Surg 2021; 31:3799-3821. [PMID: 34089442 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the time-course effect of different type of bariatric surgeries (BS) up to 1 year post-surgery on fat mass (FM) and body fat percentage (BFP) in patients with morbid obesity. We searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, ISI web of science, and Cochrane databases from October 2002 until May 2020 with no restriction in the English language, to find studies examining the effect of BS on FM (kg) and BFP (%) in morbid obese patients. Meta-analysis of 103 studies carried out on data of 18,166 and 14,575 morbid obese patients following BS, showed that BS was associated with a substantial decrease in FM and BFP, respectively, in 1 month (- 8.17 kg [95% CI - 9.07, - 7.27] and - 1.51% [95% CI - 2.56, - 0.46]), 3 months (- 15.75 [95% CI - 17.49, - 14.0] and - 4.90 [95% CI - 5.97, - 3.83]), 6 months (- 22.51 [95% CI - 23.93, - 21.09] and - 8.56% [95% CI - 9.63, - 7.49]), and 12 months (- 29.69 [95% CI - 31.3, - 28.09] and - 13.49% [95% CI - 14.52, - 12.40]) after the surgery. In conclusion, BS was associated with sustained declines in FM and BFP, from 1 to 12 months, with no indication of plateau phase post-surgery post-operatively. The present study emphasizes that post-bariatric care should have more focus on FM loss during 1-year post-surgery to identify the patients at risk for fat loss plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Haghighat
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtari-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ladan Aghakhani
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hoseinpour
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Babak Hosseini
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Shahabinezhad
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Pourmohammad
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Vahid Hosseini
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Amini
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Center for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Alimohammad Bananzadeh
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Więch P, Chmiel Z, Bazaliński D, Sobolewski M, Sałacińska I. Body Composition and Selected Nutritional Indicators in Healthy Adults-A Cross-Sectional Study. Glob Adv Health Med 2021; 10:21649561211021794. [PMID: 34158999 PMCID: PMC8182172 DOI: 10.1177/21649561211021794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body mass composition is subject to constant change and is multifactorially
determined. Its analysis in different age groups allows a better
understanding of the determinants of the human organism in health and
disease. Aim The study was aimed to conduct cross-sectional assessment of body composition
and selected nutritional indicators in healthy adults. Methods The cross-sectional study carried out from March 2016 to April 2018 was
preceded by a monthly pilot study. All 1333 adults (women 795, 59.6%) aged
20–59 included in the study were from the urban and rural area of the
Podkarpackie Province (Poland). These adults were classified into four
10-year age bands. To obtain reliable assessment, selected screening
(anthropometry) and in-depth (bioelectrical impedance including phase angle
and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis) methods were used. Results In women, the proportion of individuals affected by overweight and obesity
increases significantly with age, with a less pronounced trend in men, as
reflected in the observed differences in individual body composition
components. A slight (0.45–0.60) correlation was also observed between body
mass index (BMI) and percentage of fat mass (FM %) among men with an
increasing strength of the association with age, decreasing in the
50–59 years group. In the female group, the correlations described are at a
much higher level (0.80 or higher). The described changes in body
composition were reflected in body type from athletic to obese, measured by
means of the bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) method. Conclusions Age and gender significantly differentiate body composition of the adult
human body. The body composition analysis should be considered as complement
screening assessment method, especially as a support for the assessment of
nutritional status expressed by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Więch
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Zdzisława Chmiel
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dariusz Bazaliński
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marek Sobolewski
- Faculty of Management, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Izabela Sałacińska
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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40
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Wong JC, O’Neill S, Beck BR, Forwood MR, Khoo SK. Comparison of obesity and metabolic syndrome prevalence using fat mass index, body mass index and percentage body fat. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245436. [PMID: 33444369 PMCID: PMC7808627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate obesity classification is important so that appropriate intervention can be instituted to modify metabolic risk factors. Commonly utilized body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) are influenced by lean mass whereas fat mass index (FMI) measures only body fat. This study compares the prevalence of obesity and metabolic risk factors with FMI, BMI and PBF using DXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Methods 489 women randomly recruited from the electoral roll were stratified into 4 age groups; 40–49, 50–59, 60–69 and 70–79 years from 2000 to 2001. Clinical data and DXA body composition were obtained. Statistical analyses were performed using Medcalc v15 (Ostend, Belgium) with significance level at p = 0.05 (two-tailed). Results There was higher prevalence of obesity using PBF compared to BMI and FMI (p<0.001). This difference was greater from age 50–59 (p<0.05) which may be explained by age-related lean mass loss. PBF over-classified obesity in over 35% of normal and 95% of overweight categories compared to FMI and BMI. BMI has a sensitivity of 78.9% and specificity of 98.3% for obesity using FMI as the standard. BMI under-classified obesity in the overweight category by 14.9% compared to FMI. There was no difference in diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome prevalence within the BMI-obesity and FMI-obesity categories (p>0.05). Conclusion PBF classified more obesity than BMI and FMI because of its low pre-determined threshold. The greater difference with PBF compared to BMI and FMI from the 50–59 decade onwards can be attributed to age-related lean mass loss. BMI had the lowest sensitivity for obesity diagnosis. BMI under-classified obesity in the overweight category compared to FMI due to its inability to differentiate lean mass. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors between BMI and FMI-obesity categories indicating that fat location may influence metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Wong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sheila O’Neill
- Betty Byrne Henderson Women's Health Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Belinda R. Beck
- School of Allied Health Sciences & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University Gold Coast campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- The Bone Clinic, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark R. Forwood
- School of Medical Science & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University Gold Coast campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Soo Keat Khoo
- Betty Byrne Henderson Women's Health Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Effects of high protein, low-glycemic index diet on lean body mass, strength, and physical performance in late postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:307-317. [PMID: 33201025 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether increasing protein consumption to twice the recommended daily allowance (RDA) by The Institute of Medicine affects lean body mass (LBM), muscle strength, and physical performance in late postmenopausal women. METHODS Parallel-group randomized trial with 26 apparently healthy women aged ≥ 65 years. Participants were randomly assigned to low-glycemic index diets with protein consumption at current RDA (0.8 g/kg body weight) or twice the RDA (2RDA, 1.6 g/kg body weight). Protein intake was assessed by 24-hours urinary nitrogen excretion. Change in LBM was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 3 and 6 months. Secondary outcomes were appendicular lean mass, handgrip strength by dynamometry, and physical performance by gait speed. RESULTS Mean age was 70.8 ± 3.6 years, and mean BMI was 26.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2 in the overall sample. The RDA and 2RDA groups did not differ regarding baseline dietary intake. Changes from baseline in LBM (0.07 kg; 95% CI, -0.39; 0.52 kg; P = 0.100) and appendicular lean mass (0.07 kg; 95% CI, -0.34; 0.47 kg; P = 0.100) did not differ between the groups. Total body fat (-1.41 kg; 95% CI, -2.62; 0.20 kg; P = 0.019) and trunk fat mass (-0.90 kg; 95% CI, -1.55; -0.24 kg; P = 0.005) decreased similarly in both groups at the end of intervention. Adjusting for baseline BMI did not alter these findings. Handgrip strength and 4-m gait speed increased after the intervention, with no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Protein intake exceeding the RDA did not increase LBM, strength, and physical performance in a sample of late postmenopausal woman consuming a low-glycemic index diet for 6 months.
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DXA reference values and anthropometric screening for visceral obesity in Western Australian adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18731. [PMID: 33127940 PMCID: PMC7599223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited reference values exist for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass measured by DXA. The objectives of this study were to provide reference values for DXA-derived VAT mass and compare the association with anthropometry measures. The study cohort comprised 677 men and 738 women aged 18–65 years from Western Australia. Whole-body scans using a GE Lunar iDXA and anthropometry measures were collected. Reference percentile data were stratified by sex and age. Correlation analysis compared DXA-derived and anthropometry variables. Specificity, sensitivity, and Youden’s Index were used to evaluate the ability of anthropometric thresholds to predict individuals with high VAT. In men, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio (WHtR) had ‘high’ correlations with VAT mass. In women, only WHtR was ‘highly’ correlated with VAT mass. Overweight thresholds for WC, along with a body mass index of 25.0 kg/m2 in women, had the highest combination of sensitivity and specificity when using anthropometry measures to identify individuals with high VAT mass. We provide the first reference data sets for DXA-derived VAT mass among Western Australians. Excessive VAT mass may be identified in men using the overweight WC threshold and in women using both the overweight BMI and WC thresholds.
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Rył A, Rotter I, Szylińska A, Jurewicz A, Bohatyrewicz A, Miazgowski T. Complex interplay among fat, lean tissue, bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in older men. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19539-19545. [PMID: 33033231 PMCID: PMC7732310 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that visceral fat (VF) might be a negative determinant of bone health. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess an interplay among fat, visceral fat (VF), muscle mass, bone mineral density (BMD), and markers of bone turnover in men aged 60-75 years. BMD, lean mass, total fat, VF and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Using ELISA assays, we measured serum levels of markers of bone turnover (osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, human procollagen I N-terminal peptide, and degradation products of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen). Mean values of bone markers were within normal range. VF was found not to be associated with BMD and bone turnover markers. ASM was inversely correlated with age, and positively with BMD and lean mass. In linear regression, ASM, VF, total fat, lean mass and body mass index were significant single predictors of BMD. However, after adjustment for age, all these associations were no longer significant. In conclusion, in contrast to some studies on postmenopausal women, in older non-diabetic men with normal lean mass and body fat VF was not associated with BMD and markers of bone formation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rył
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szylińska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alina Jurewicz
- Department of Orthopaedics Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bohatyrewicz
- Department of Orthopaedics Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Miazgowski
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine and Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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44
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Mejdahl Nielsen M, Mathiesen S, Suominen A, Sørensen K, Ifversen M, Mølgaard C, Lähteenmäki PM, Juul A, Jahnukainen K, Müller K. Altered body composition in male long-term survivors of paediatric allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: impact of conditioning regimen, chronic graft-versus-host disease and hypogonadism. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 56:457-460. [PMID: 32879430 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-01038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Changes in body composition related to metabolic syndrome are frequent among survivors of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but insights into predisposing factors are incomplete, and it is unknown to what degree these changes persist at long term. We cross-sectionally investigated body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 98 male survivors of paediatric allogeneic HSCT. Median (range) age at follow-up was 28.1 (18.5-47.0) years and median (range) time from transplant was 18.3 (7.7-34.6) years. Lean Body Mass Index and Skeletal Muscle Mass Index were lower in patients compared to the reference population (mean (SD) standard deviation score (SDS) -1.29 (0.99), p < 0.001 and -1.20 (1.03), p < 0.001). Fat Mass Index was comparable to the reference population, but android/gynoid (AG) fat ratio SDS was higher (mean (SD) 0.46 (1.28), p < 0.001). These changes were found in patients treated with total body irradiation (TBI) as well as non-TBI regimens, although most pronounced in the former. Further, low lean mass was associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease, while high AG ratio was associated with lower testosterone levels. Since the combination of low lean mass and high AG ratio increases the risk of cardio-metabolic disease, these health issues should be monitored at long-term clinical follow-up after paediatric HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Mejdahl Nielsen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Mathiesen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anu Suominen
- Division of Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaspar Sørensen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Ifversen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Paediatric Nutrition Unit, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Päivi M Lähteenmäki
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsi Jahnukainen
- Division of Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus Müller
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute for Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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45
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Duran I, Martakis K, Alberg E, Jackels M, Ewert KR, Schoenau E. Association of Trunk/Leg Fat Mass Ratio with Low-Density Lipoproteins-Cholesterol and Triglycerides Concentration in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional, Retrospective Study. Child Obes 2020; 16:428-439. [PMID: 32589473 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Increased central (or abdominal) fat mass has been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors such as high low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-cholesterol or triglycerides (TG) concentration in children. Objectives: To generate pediatric reference centiles for trunk/leg fat mass ratio (T2L) (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA]) and to evaluate the association of LDL-cholesterol and TG concentrations with T2L in children and adolescents. Methods: Data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004) were used to determine total and regional fat mass by DXA of the participants (aged 8-19 years) who had also an examination of LDL-cholesterol and TG concentrations. Fat mass was assessed by DXA-determined fat mass index (FMI). Central fat mass was quantified by T2L. Results: The DXA results of 6538 children and adolescents (2629 females) were used to generate reference centiles for T2L. In girls, T2L was significantly associated with high LDL-cholesterol and TG concentration (odds ratio [OR] adjusted to FMI 1.69), (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.40), and 1.45 (95% CI 1.11-1.91, p = 0.003 and p = 0.008). In boys, T2L was significantly associated only with high TG concentration (OR adjusted to FMI 1.81 [95% CI 1.52-2.19, p < 0.001]). Conclusions: A central fat distribution seemed to be an independent risk factor for high TG concentrations in children and for high LDL-cholesterol only in girls. The first ethnicity-specific, pediatric reference centiles for T2L were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Duran
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, UniReha, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kyriakos Martakis
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of International Health, School CAPHRI, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital (UKGM) and Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Evelyn Alberg
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, UniReha, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Jackels
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kim Ramona Ewert
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, UniReha, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eckhard Schoenau
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, UniReha, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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46
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Association of the Gut Microbiota with Weight-Loss Response within a Retail Weight-Management Program. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081246. [PMID: 32824364 PMCID: PMC7463616 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retail programs offer popular weight-loss options amid the ongoing obesity crisis. However, research on weight-loss outcomes within such programs is limited. This prospective-cohort observational study enrolled 58 men and women between ages 20 and 72 years from a retail program to assess the influence of client features on energy-restriction induced weight-loss response. DESeq2 in R-studio, a linear regression model adjusting for significantly correlating covariates, and Wilcoxon signed-rank and Kruskal–Wallis for within- and between-group differences, respectively, were used for data analyses. An average 10% (~10 kg) reduction in baseline-weight along with lower total-, android-, gynoid-, and android:gynoid-fat were observed at Week 12 (all, p < 0.05). Fifty percent of participants experienced a higher response, losing an average of 14.5 kg compared to 5.9 kg in the remaining low-response group (p < 0.0001). Hemoglobin-A1C (p = 0.005) and heart rate (p = 0.079) reduced in the high-response group only. Fat mass and A1C correlated when individuals had high android:gynoid fat (r = 0.55, p = 0.008). Gut-microbial β-diversity was associated with BMI, body fat%, and android-fat (all, p < 0.05). Microbiota of the high-response group had a higher baseline OTU-richness (p = 0.02) as well as differential abundance and/or associations with B. eggerthi, A. muciniphila, Turicibacter, Prevotella, and Christensenella (all, p/padj < 0.005). These results show that intestinal microbiota as well as sex and body composition differences may contribute to variable weight-loss response. This highlights the importance of various client features in the context of real-world weight control efforts.
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47
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Carreker JD, Grosicki GJ. Physiological Predictors of Performance on the CrossFit "Murph" Challenge. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8070092. [PMID: 32605265 PMCID: PMC7404702 DOI: 10.3390/sports8070092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined physiological predictors of performance on the CrossFit Murph challenge (1-mile run, 100 pullups, 200 pushups, 300 air squats, 1-mile run). Male CrossFit athletes (n = 11, 27 ± 3 years) performed a battery of physical assessments including: (1) body composition, (2) upper and lower body strength, (3) upper body endurance, (4) anaerobic power, and (5) maximal oxygen consumption. No less than 72 h later, participants completed the Murph challenge, heart rate was monitored throughout, and blood lactate was obtained pre-post. Correlations between physiological parameters and total Murph time, and Murph subcomponents, were assessed using Pearson's correlations. Murph completion time was 43.43 ± 4.63 min, and maximum and average heart rate values were 185.63 ± 7.64 bpm and 168.81 ± 6.41 bpm, respectively, and post-Murph blood lactate was 10.01 ± 3.04 mmol/L. Body fat percentage was the only physiological parameter significantly related to total Murph time (r = 0.718; p = 0.013). Total lift time (25.49 ± 3.65 min) was more strongly related (r = 0.88) to Murph time than total run time (17.60 ± 1.97 min; r = 0.65). Greater relative anaerobic power (r = -0.634) and less anaerobic fatigue (r = 0.649) were related to total run time (p < 0.05). Individuals wanting to enhance overall Murph performance are advised to focus on minimizing body fat percentage and improving lift performance. Meanwhile, performance on the run subcomponent may be optimized through improvements in anaerobic power.
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48
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Ofenheimer A, Breyer-Kohansal R, Hartl S, Burghuber OC, Krach F, Schrott A, Wouters EFM, Franssen FME, Breyer MK. Reference values of body composition parameters and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) by DXA in adults aged 18-81 years-results from the LEAD cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1181-1191. [PMID: 32123345 PMCID: PMC7402993 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Increasing attention has been drawn on the assessment of body composition phenotypes, since the distribution of soft tissue influences cardio-metabolic risk. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a validated technique to assess body composition. European reference values from population-based cohorts are rare. Aims To provide age- and sex-related reference values of body composition parameters and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass, and for lean mass index (LMI) with regard to fat mass index (FMI) quantities and BMI categories. Methods GE-Lunar Prodigy DXA scans of 10.894 participants, aged 18–81 years, recruited from 2011 to 2019 by the Austrian LEAD study, a population-based cohort study, have been used to construct reference curves using the LMS method. Parameters assessed are FMI, LMI, appendicular LMI, fat mass ratios android/gynoid and trunk/limbs, and VAT. Results All lean mass and fat mass parameters indicating central fat accumulation were higher in men, whereas other fat mass indices were higher in women. LMI differed between each FMI subgroup (low vs. normal, low vs. high, normal vs. high), and BMI category in all ages and LMI increased with FMI and BMI classes. VAT mass was higher in men compared with women and increased across all age groups within both sexes. Conclusion The present study provides age- and sex-related reference values for European adults aged 18–81 years for body composition parameters and VAT mass for Lunar Prodigy DXA. In addition, this study reports LMI reference values with regard to fat mass quantities, showing a positive association with increasing FMI percentiles and BMI categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ofenheimer
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Vienna, Austria.,Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Vienna, Austria.,Department for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Hartl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Vienna, Austria.,Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria.,Department for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto C Burghuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Vienna, Austria.,Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Krach
- Department of Mathematics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Schrott
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Horn, the Netherlands
| | - Frits M E Franssen
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Horn, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Kathrin Breyer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Vienna, Austria. .,Department for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
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49
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IMBODEN MARYT, KAMINSKY LEONARDA, PETERMAN JAMESE, HUTZLER HAYLEEL, WHALEY MITCHELLH, FLEENOR BRADLEYS, HARBER MATTHEWP. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Normalized to Fat-Free Mass and Mortality Risk. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:1532-1537. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Pineau JC, Bouslah M. Prediction of body fat in male athletes from ultrasound and anthropometric measurements versus DXA. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 60:251-256. [PMID: 31663316 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the accuracy of body fat percentage (BF%) measured by an ultrasound portable device and anthropometric measurements with a Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the reference technique in male athletes. METHODS A total of 100 athletes: 16 boxers, 4 rowers, 5 gymnasts, 6 base ball players, 19 judo players, 10 taekwondo players, 7 basket-ball players, 21 wrestlers, 6 cyclists on track and 6 karate expert aged from 18 to 30 years participated. All athletes were selected from the French National Institute of Sports and Physical Education. Ultrasound measurements were made with a sonographic US BOX at the mid-thigh level. We developed a multi -linear model of body fat estimation from ultrasound and anthropometric dimensions (height, weight, waist circumference) using the DXA reference method. A cross-validation study was then performed with this linear regression on 62 males athletes proportionally stratified across the sports. RESULTS The best accuracy of BF was obtained using a multi-linear model from ultrasonic and anthropometric measurements with a concordance correlation ρc=0.941. This model was then used to estimate BF on the 62 males athletes. The concordance correlation ρc=0.931 and SEE=1.60. The 95% limits of agreement for individual BF% were [-4.1;3.6%] with symmetrically distributed deviations. CONCLUSIONS Comparing to DXA, ultrasonic and anthropometric measurements are both accurate techniques to estimates BF%. Our results suggest that this regression model is practical to apply to different sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Pineau
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Paris-Descartes University, Montrouge, France -
| | - Mustapha Bouslah
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Paris-Descartes University, Montrouge, France
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