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Roques S, Deborde C, Skiba-Cassy S, Médale F, Dupont-Nivet M, Lefevre F, Bugeon J, Labbé L, Marchand Y, Moing A, Fauconneau B. New alternative ingredients and genetic selection are the next game changers in rainbow trout nutrition: a metabolomics appraisal. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19634. [PMID: 37949954 PMCID: PMC10638236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The formulation of sustainable fish feeds based on plant ingredients supplemented by alternative ingredients to plant (insect, micro-algae, yeast) and genetic selection of fish for plant-based diets were tested on rainbow trout in two separate experiments. Plant-based diets and corresponding diets supplemented with an ingredient mix: insect, micro-algae and yeast in Experiment A, and insect and yeast in Experiment B were compared to commercial-like diets. In experiment A, the mix-supplemented diet was successful in compensating the altered growth performance of fish fed their respective plant-based diet compared to those fed the commercial diet, by restoring feed conversion. In experiment B, the selected line demonstrated improved growth performances of fish fed mix-supplemented and plant-based diets compared to the non-selected line. Metabolomics demonstrated a plasma compositional stability in fish fed mix-supplemented and basal plant-based diets comprising an amino acid accumulation and a glucose depletion, compared to those fed commercial diets. The selected line fed mix-supplemented and commercial diets showed changes in inositol, ethanol and methanol compared to the non-selected line, suggesting an involvement of microbiota. Changes in plasma glycine-betaine content in fish fed the mix-supplemented diet suggest the ability of the selected line to adapt to alternative ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Roques
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Nutrition, Métabolisme et Aquaculture, UMR 1419, 64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
- Phileo by Lesaffre, 59700, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle-Aquitaine Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Centre INRAE de Nouvelle-Aquitaine Bordeaux, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- INRAE, Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, UR1268, 44300, Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, Centre INRAE Pays de Loire - Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Nutrition, Métabolisme et Aquaculture, UMR 1419, 64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Françoise Médale
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Nutrition, Métabolisme et Aquaculture, UMR 1419, 64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Mathilde Dupont-Nivet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, UMR 1313, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florence Lefevre
- INRAE, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, UR 1037, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jérome Bugeon
- INRAE, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, UR 1037, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Annick Moing
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle-Aquitaine Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Centre INRAE de Nouvelle-Aquitaine Bordeaux, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Benoit Fauconneau
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, Nutrition, Métabolisme et Aquaculture, UMR 1419, 64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France.
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Welker TL, Overturf K. Effect of Dietary Soy Protein Source on Effluent Water Quality and Growth Performance of Rainbow Trout Reared in a Serial Reuse Water System. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3090. [PMID: 37835695 PMCID: PMC10571907 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile rainbow trout (125 ± 0.8 g) were fed a fishmeal control diet (C), a high soy protein concentrate diet (SP), a high soybean meal diet (HiS), or a diet with high levels of fermented soy protein concentrate (fSP) for 12 weeks in a tank system capable of receiving 1st and 3rd use water from a serial-reuse production hatchery. Water quality was generally lower in 3rd use compared to 1st use water and after passing through tanks (inflow vs. outflow). Total dissolved solids were significantly higher (p = 0.003) for 3rd use compared to 1st use water, and values were also higher (p < 0.001) for the fSP diet. Turbidity and ammonia were highest in tanks for trout fed the HiS and fSP and SP and fSP diets, respectively, but were characterized by high variation, which likely prevented the detection of significant differences. Weight gain (p < 0.001) and survival (p = 0.008) were significantly lower for trout in 3rd use compared to 1st use water. Trout fed the HiS diet were generally in poorer physiological condition with lower body fat stores (p = 0.05) and lower growth rate (p < 0.001) and survival (p = 0.05) compared to the other diets, which were similar. The expression of several stress-associated genes (FK506, DIO2, REGPS, Cyp1a, G6PH, GADD45a, and IRF-1) in the liver and gill showed that diet and water source affected their regulation. Replacement of FM by SP providing 50% of dietary protein promotes acceptable growth performance compared to an FM diet and was superior to HiS. The impacts of soy protein concentrate on water quality under commercial production conditions, however, require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Welker
- USDA-ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, 3059-F National Fish Hatchery Road, Hagerman, ID 83332, USA;
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Palomba A, Melis R, Biosa G, Braca A, Pisanu S, Ghisaura S, Caimi C, Biasato I, Oddon SB, Gasco L, Terova G, Moroni F, Antonini M, Pagnozzi D, Anedda R. On the Compatibility of Fish Meal Replacements in Aquafeeds for Rainbow Trout. A Combined Metabolomic, Proteomic and Histological Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:920289. [PMID: 35846007 PMCID: PMC9276982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainable development of modern aquaculture must rely on a significant reduction of the fish meal (FM) used in aquafeed formulations. However, FM substitution with alternative ingredients in diets for carnivorous fish species often showed reduced nutrient absorption, significantly perturbed metabolisms, and histological changes at both hepatic and intestinal levels. In the present study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed three different experimental aquafeeds. A control diet with higher FM content (27.3%) than two test formulations in which FM was substituted with two more sustainable and promising alternatives: insect meal (Hermetia illucens larvae = 10.1%, FM = 11.6%) and poultry by-products meal (PBM = 14.8%; FM = 11.7%). Combined metabolomics and proteomics analyses of fish liver, together with histological examination of liver and intestine demonstrated that a well-balanced formulation of nutrients in the three diets allowed high metabolic compatibility of either substitution, paving the way for a deeper understanding of the impact of novel raw materials for the fish feed industry. Results show that the main metabolic pathways of nutrient absorption and catabolism were essentially unaltered by alternative feed ingredients, and also histological alterations were negligible. It is demonstrated that the substitution of FM with sustainable alternatives does not have a negative impact on fish metabolism, as long as the nutritional requirements of rainbow trout are fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Caimi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Sara Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Moroni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Micaela Antonini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Pagnozzi
- Porto Conte Ricerche S.r.l, Alghero (SS), Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Anedda, ; Daniela Pagnozzi,
| | - Roberto Anedda
- Porto Conte Ricerche S.r.l, Alghero (SS), Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Anedda, ; Daniela Pagnozzi,
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Biasato I, Rimoldi S, Caimi C, Bellezza Oddon S, Chemello G, Prearo M, Saroglia M, Hardy R, Gasco L, Terova G. Efficacy of Utilization of All-Plant-Based and Commercial Low-Fishmeal Feeds in Two Divergently Selected Strains of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss): Focus on Growth Performance, Whole-Body Proximate Composition, and Intestinal Microbiome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:892550. [PMID: 35669584 PMCID: PMC9163680 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.892550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the growth performance, whole-body proximate composition, and intestinal microbiome of rainbow trout strains when selected and non-selected for weight gain on all-plant protein diets. A 2x2 factorial design was applied, where a selected (United States) and a non-selected (ITA) rainbow trout strain were fed using either an all-plant protein (PP) or a commercial low-FM diet (C). Diets were fed to five replicates of 20 (PP) or 25 (C) fish for 105 days. At the end of the trial, growth parameters were assessed, and whole fish (15 pools of three fish/diet) and gut samples (six fish/diet) were collected for whole-body proximate composition and gut microbiome analyses, respectively. Independent of the administered diet, the United States strain showed higher survival, final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate when compared to the ITA fish (p < 0.001). Furthermore, decreased whole-body ether extract content was identified in the PP-fed United States rainbow trout when compared to the ITA strain fed the same diet (p < 0.001). Gut microbiome analysis revealed the Cetobacterium probiotic-like genus as clearly associated with the United States rainbow trout, along with the up-regulation of the pathway involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. In summary, the overall improvement in growth performance and, to a lesser extent, whole-body proximate composition observed in the selected rainbow trout strain was accompanied by specific, positive modulation of the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Christian Caimi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Sara Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Saroglia
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Ronald Hardy
- Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Hagerman, United States
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Bledsoe JW, Ma J, Cain K, Bruce TJ, Rawles A, Abernathy J, Welker T, Overturf K. Multi-tissue RNAseq reveals genetic and temporal differences in acute response to viral (IHNV) infection among three selected lines of rainbow trout with varying resistance. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:343-361. [PMID: 35398222 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing RNA-seq, this study compared the transcriptomic responses of three improved strains (VSel, PSel, and CSel) of rainbow trout fry during acute stages of challenge with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). The VSel strain has been selected for resistance against the specific strain of IHNV used in our challenge, PSel has undergone selection for utilization of plant-protein based feeds and previously has shown elevated non-specific disease resistance despite no disease related selection pressures, and the final strain, CSel, is a commercial strain that has been domesticated for several years but has not been selected for specific viral disease resistance. Following a 21-day IHNV challenge, Kaplan-Meier survival estimator curves and cumulative percent mortality (CPM) showed significant differences in IHNV resistance across strains: VSel - 19.3 ± 5.0%, PSel - 67. ± 3.03%, CSel - 94.6 ± 4.1% CPM. To evaluate acute responses to IHNV infection, whole blood, as well as samples from the kidney, liver, and intestine, were collected at 0, 4, 12, 24, and 48 h post infection (hpi). Serum lysozyme activity, a marker of non-specific innate immunity, showed strain and temporal effects during the acute infection phase with PSel showing the highest activity at 0 and 48 hpi. Differential gene expression responses were detected, with varying degrees, in all tissues, both between strains, as well as across acute timepoints within strains. The VSel strain showed upregulation for a particular subset of viral recognition genes during early infection timepoints and rather limited upregulation of immune genes later, while maintaining and reactivating metabolic pathways. The CSel strain showed a downregulation of metabolic related genes and a limited upregulation of immune genes, while the PSel strain showed similar downregulation of metabolic genes during acute infection, yet when compared to the CSel strain, showed a more robust innate immune response. Evaluation of upregulated immune response genes, as well as interferon-related genes showed the PSel strain to have the greatest number of uniquely upregulated immune genes in both the kidney and intestine, with CSel and PSel showing a similar number of such genes upregulated in liver. A moderate number of immune response genes were shared between PSel and CSel in all tissues, though both PSel and VSel showed a high number of uniquely overexpressed immune response genes in the kidney, and PSel showed the highest number of uniquely upregulated interferon related genes in the intestine. Overall, the VSel response was unique from the CSel with very little overlap in activated immune responses. Findings from this study highlight the disparity in IHNV resistance among genetic strains of rainbow trout, while identifying molecular mechanisms underlying differences in disease phenotypes. Furthermore, our results on trout strains with distinct selection backgrounds yields comparative insights into the adaptive gains brought about by selection programs for pathogen-specific disease resistance, as well as the non-specific immune enhancement associated with selection for utilization of plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Bledsoe
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal, Veterinary & Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Hagerman, ID, USA
| | - Jia Ma
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Ken Cain
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Timothy J Bruce
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture & Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Anna Rawles
- ARS-USDA, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR, USA
| | - Jason Abernathy
- ARS-USDA, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR, USA
| | - Tom Welker
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, Hagerman, ID, USA
| | - Ken Overturf
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, Hagerman, ID, USA.
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Agboola JO, Mensah DD, Hansen JØ, Lapeña D, Mydland LT, Arntzen MØ, Horn SJ, Øyås O, Press CM, Øverland M. Effects of Yeast Species and Processing on Intestinal Health and Transcriptomic Profiles of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) Fed Soybean Meal-Based Diets in Seawater. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1675. [PMID: 35163597 PMCID: PMC8836103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of yeasts on intestinal health and transcriptomic profiles from the distal intestine and spleen tissue of Atlantic salmon fed SBM-based diets in seawater. Cyberlindnera jadinii (CJ) and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (WA) yeasts were heat-inactivated with spray-drying (ICJ and IWA) or autolyzed at 50 °C for 16 h (ACJ and AWA), followed by spray-drying. Six diets were formulated, one based on fishmeal (FM), a challenging diet with 30% soybean meal (SBM) and four other diets containing 30% SBM and 10% of each of the four yeast fractions (i.e., ICJ, ACJ, IWA and AWA). The inclusion of CJ yeasts reduced the loss of enterocyte supranuclear vacuolization and reduced the population of CD8α labeled cells present in the lamina propria of fish fed the SBM diet. The CJ yeasts controlled the inflammatory responses of fish fed SBM through up-regulation of pathways related to wound healing and taurine metabolism. The WA yeasts dampened the inflammatory profile of fish fed SBM through down-regulation of pathways related to toll-like receptor signaling, C-lectin receptor, cytokine receptor and signal transduction. This study suggests that the yeast species, Cyberlindnera jadinii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus are novel high-quality protein sources with health-beneficial effects in terms of reducing inflammation associated with feeding plant-based diets to Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeleel O. Agboola
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - Dominic D. Mensah
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - Jon Ø. Hansen
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - David Lapeña
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Liv T. Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - Magnus Ø. Arntzen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Svein J. Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Ove Øyås
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Charles McL. Press
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway;
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
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Romano N, Fischer H, Rossi W, Quintero H, Limbaugh N, Sinha AK. Effects of bioprocessed soybean meal and nucleotide supplementation on growth, physiology and histomorphology in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, juveniles. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 260:111038. [PMID: 34271205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this 8-week feeding trial, the effects of nucleotide (N) supplementation (at 0.05%) were compared in diets with conventional soybean meal (CSBM or CSBM + N) versus bioprocessed SBM (BSBM or BSMB + N) on largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, juveniles. A total of five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, with the control diet being fishmeal-based. Growth, feeding efficiency, proximate composition, hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and growth as well as liver/intestinal histopathology were assessed. Results showed that growth was significantly higher in fish fed the control diet, but there was no significant effect of SBM type or nucleotide supplementation on growth, feeding efficiency, or proximate composition. Hepatic expression of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGFI), superoxide dismutase (SOD), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were unaffected by the diets. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were significantly downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the SBM-based treatments compared with the control. The intestinal villi were significantly shorter and wider in fish fed the CSBM diet compared to the other treatments. The villi height and width were similar between the control and those fed the BSMB + N diet. It may be possible that the unaffected growth by nucleotides were due to an insufficient dose and/or undisrupted nucleotide synthesis due to being cultured under good conditions. Meanwhile, the unaffected growth in the SBM treatment could indicate a tolerance of M. salmoides to plant proteins and associated antinutritional factors. Nevertheless, BSBM and/or nucleotides appeared to mitigate some adverse effects of dietary SBM to the intestinal histomorphology in M. salmoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Romano
- Center of Excellence in Aquaculture & Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Dr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, United States of America.
| | - Hayden Fischer
- Center of Excellence in Aquaculture & Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Dr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, United States of America
| | - Waldemar Rossi
- School of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Communities, and their Environment, Kentucky State University, 103 Athletic Dr, Frankfort, KY 40601, United States of America
| | - Herbert Quintero
- School of Agriculture, University of the Virgin Islands, RR1 Box, 10000, Kingshill 00850-9781, Virgin Islands, United States of America
| | - Noah Limbaugh
- Center of Excellence in Aquaculture & Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Dr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, United States of America
| | - Amit Kumar Sinha
- Center of Excellence in Aquaculture & Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Dr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, United States of America
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Palma M, Bledsoe JW, Tavares LC, Romano N, Small BC, Viegas I, Overturf K. Digesta and Plasma Metabolomics of Rainbow Trout Strains with Varied Tolerance of Plant-Based Diets Highlights Potential for Non-Lethal Assessments of Enteritis Development. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090590. [PMID: 34564406 PMCID: PMC8470503 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The replacement of fishmeal in aquafeeds is essential to the sustainability of aquaculture. Besides the procurement of alternative protein sources, fish can also be selected for better performance on plant-based alternative diets. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one such species in which the strain ARS-Sel has been selected for higher growth and enhanced utilization when fed soy-based diets. The aim of this study was to compare fish growth and plasma and digesta metabolomes between ARS-Sel and two commercial strains (CS-1 and CS-2), when fed plant-protein (PM) and fishmeal-based (FM) diets, and to correlate them with the onset of enteritis. An NMR-metabolomics approach was taken to assess plasma and digesta metabolite profiles. Diet and strain showed significant effects on fish growth, with the ARS-Sel fish receiving the PM diet reaching the highest final weight at sampling. Multivariate analysis revealed differences between plasma and digesta metabolite profiles of ARS-Sel and CS (CS-1 considered together with CS-2) PM-fed groups in the early stages of enteritis development, which was confirmed by intestinal histology. As reported in previous studies, the ARS-Sel strain performed better than the commercial strains when fed the PM diet. Our findings also suggest that metabolomic profiles of plasma and digesta, samples of which can be obtained through non-lethal methods, offer valuable insight in monitoring the occurrence of enteritis in carnivorous aquaculture species due to plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Palma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Jacob W. Bledsoe
- ARS-USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, Hagerman, ID 83332, USA; (J.W.B.); (K.O.)
| | - Ludgero C. Tavares
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama—EUVG, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nicholas Romano
- Center of Excellence in Aquaculture & Fisheries Center, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
| | - Brian C. Small
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Hagerman, ID 83332, USA;
| | - Ivan Viegas
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ken Overturf
- ARS-USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, Hagerman, ID 83332, USA; (J.W.B.); (K.O.)
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Brezas A, Kumar V, Overturf K, Hardy RW. Dietary amino acid supplementation affects temporal expression of amino acid transporters and metabolic genes in selected and commercial strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 255:110589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Valenzuela L, Pacheco S, Rincón G, Pavez L, Lam N, Hernández AJ, Dantagnan P, González F, Jilberto F, Ravanal MC, Ramos C, Garcia H, Araneda C, Ulloa PE. Intestinal Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Enrichment of Genes Associated with Immune and Lipid Mechanisms, Favoring Soybean Meal Tolerance in High-Growth Zebrafish ( Danio Rerio). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050700. [PMID: 34066767 PMCID: PMC8151431 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying fish tolerance to soybean meal (SBM) remain unclear. Identifying these mechanisms would be beneficial, as this trait favors growth. Two fish replicates from 19 experimental families were fed fishmeal-(100FM) or SBM-based diets supplemented with saponin (50SBM + 2SPN) from juvenile to adult stages. Individuals were selected from families with a genotype-by-environment interaction higher (HG-50SBM + 2SPN, 170 ± 18 mg) or lower (LG-50SBM + 2SPN, 76 ± 10 mg) weight gain on 50SBM + 2SPN for intestinal transcriptomic analysis. A histological evaluation confirmed middle intestinal inflammation in the LG- vs. HG-50SBM + 2SPN group. Enrichment analysis of 665 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified pathways associated with immunity and lipid metabolism. Genes linked to intestinal immunity were downregulated in HG fish (mpx, cxcr3.2, cftr, irg1l, itln2, sgk1, nup61l, il22), likely dampening inflammatory responses. Conversely, genes involved in retinol signaling were upregulated (rbp4, stra6, nr2f5), potentially favoring growth by suppressing insulin responses. Genes associated with lipid metabolism were upregulated, including key components of the SREBP (mbtps1, elov5l, elov6l) and cholesterol catabolism (cyp46a1), as well as the downregulation of cyp7a1. These results strongly suggest that transcriptomic changes in lipid metabolism mediate SBM tolerance. Genotypic variations in DEGs may become biomarkers for improving early selection of fish tolerant to SMB or others plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Valenzuela
- Omics Lab, Villavicencio 378, Oficina 32, Santiago 8320164, Chile;
| | - Sebastian Pacheco
- Programa de Doctorado en Inmunología y Microbiología, Universidad San Sebastian, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile;
| | - Gonzalo Rincón
- Zoetis, VMRD Genetics R&D, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA;
| | - Leonardo Pavez
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Avenida Manuel Montt 948, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (L.P.); (F.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Natalia Lam
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (N.L.); (F.J.); (C.A.)
| | - Adrián J. Hernández
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Fisiología de Peces, Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.J.H.); (P.D.)
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Fisiología de Peces, Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.J.H.); (P.D.)
| | - Felipe González
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Avenida Manuel Montt 948, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (L.P.); (F.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Felipe Jilberto
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (N.L.); (F.J.); (C.A.)
| | - M. Cristina Ravanal
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICYTAL), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Avda. Julio Sarrazín s/n, Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Cecilia Ramos
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Avenida Manuel Montt 948, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (L.P.); (F.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Héctor Garcia
- Laboratorios Diagnofruit Ltd.a., Depto. Fitopatología Molecular, Santiago 7770273, Chile;
| | - Cristian Araneda
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (N.L.); (F.J.); (C.A.)
| | - Pilar E. Ulloa
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Avenida Manuel Montt 948, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (L.P.); (F.G.); (C.R.)
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (N.L.); (F.J.); (C.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-222-531-129
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Legrand TPRA, Wynne JW, Weyrich LS, Oxley APA. Investigating Both Mucosal Immunity and Microbiota in Response to Gut Enteritis in Yellowtail Kingfish. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1267. [PMID: 32825417 PMCID: PMC7565911 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces of fish play numerous roles including, but not limited to, protection against pathogens, nutrient digestion and absorption, excretion of nitrogenous wastes and osmotic regulation. During infection or disease, these surfaces act as the first line of defense, where the mucosal immune system interacts closely with the associated microbiota to maintain homeostasis. This study evaluated microbial changes across the gut and skin mucosal surfaces in yellowtail kingfish displaying signs of gut inflammation, as well as explored the host gene expression in these tissues in order to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the emergence of these conditions. For this, we obtained and analyzed 16S rDNA and transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) sequence data from the gut and skin mucosa of fish exhibiting different health states (i.e., healthy fish and fish at the early and late stages of enteritis). Both the gut and skin microbiota were perturbed by the disease. More specifically, the gastrointestinal microbiota of diseased fish was dominated by an uncultured Mycoplasmataceae sp., and fish at the early stage of the disease showed a significant loss of diversity in the skin. Using transcriptomics, we found that only a few genes were significantly differentially expressed in the gut. In contrast, gene expression in the skin differed widely between health states, in particular in the fish at the late stage of the disease. These changes were associated with several metabolic pathways that were differentially expressed and reflected a weakened host. Altogether, this study highlights the sensitivity of the skin mucosal surface in response to gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault P. R. A. Legrand
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia;
- South Australia Research and Development Institute, Aquatic Sciences Centre, West Beach, SA 5024, Australia
| | - James W. Wynne
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia;
| | - Laura S. Weyrich
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Department of Anthropology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Andrew P. A. Oxley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
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12
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Kemski MM, Rappleye CA, Dabrowski K, Bruno RS, Wick M. Transcriptomic response to soybean meal-based diets as the first formulated feed in juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Sci Rep 2020; 10:3998. [PMID: 32132548 PMCID: PMC7055240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing levels of fish meal (FM) protein in aquafeeds being replaced with soybean meal (SBM) protein, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in response to alternative diets has become a critical concern. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine transcriptional differences in the intestine of juvenile yellow perch through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), after their initial introduction to a formulated diet with 75% SBM protein inclusion for 61 days, compared to those fed a traditional FM-based diet. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a concise set of differentially expressed genes in juveniles fed the SBM-based diet, the majority of which were intrinsic to the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Analysis of total body lipid and cholesterol levels were also investigated, with no between-treatment differences detected. Results of this study demonstrate that in response to SBM-based diets, yellow perch juveniles up-regulate the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in order to maintain homeostasis. These findings suggest that the upregulation of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway may negatively impact fish growth due to its large energy expenditure, and future studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Kemski
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chad A Rappleye
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Konrad Dabrowski
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Macdonald Wick
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Callet T, Dupont-Nivet M, Cluzeaud M, Jaffrezic F, Laloë D, Kerneis T, Labbé L, Quillet E, Geurden I, Mazurais D, Skiba-Cassy S, Médale F. Detection of new pathways involved in the acceptance and the utilisation of a plant-based diet in isogenic lines of rainbow trout fry. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201462. [PMID: 30063731 PMCID: PMC6067751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the growing demand of fish feed for aquaculture, an increasing proportion of marine ingredients are being replaced by blends of plant products. However, the total replacement of marine ingredients in salmonid diets impairs fish performance. This is particularly true during the early fry stage and this stage is therefore considered of particular importance. In rainbow trout (RBT), the existence of a genetic variability to survive and grow with plant-based diets devoid of marine ingredients has now been proved, but the mechanisms behind are little studied especially at early stage. To investigate these, we analysed the whole transcriptome of three isogenic lines of RBT fry, which have similar growth when fed a marine resources-based diet (M diet) but which highly differ in their responses to a plant-based diet (V diet). Analysis of transcriptomes profiles revealed 1740, 1834 and 246 probes differentially expressed among the three genotypes when fed the V diet. The use of these lines led to the discovery of potential molecular markers linked to plant-based diet utilisation, some of them belonging to new pathways, never described before. An important number of genes was related to immunity, but further investigations are needed to better understand the difference between the genotypes in their immune status response to V diet exposure. Finally, differences in expression of genes related to feed intake and sensory perception among genotypes suggested that the mechanisms underlying the differences in growth on plant-based diet are closely linked to diet acceptance. Research on plants components affecting feed intake should be thus further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Callet
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- UMR NuMéA, INRA, St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | | | - Florence Jaffrezic
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Denis Laloë
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Edwige Quillet
- UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Abernathy J, Overturf K. Expression of Antisense Long Noncoding RNAs as Potential Regulators in Rainbow Trout with Different Tolerance to Plant-Based Diets. Anim Biotechnol 2018; 30:87-94. [PMID: 29300121 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1401546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reformulation of aquafeeds in salmonid diets to include more plant proteins is critical for sustainable aquaculture. However, increasing plant proteins can lead to stunted growth and enteritis. Toward an understanding of the regulatory mechanisms behind plant protein utilization, directional RNA sequencing of liver tissues from a rainbow trout strain selected for growth on an all plant-protein diet and a control strain, both fed a plant diet for 12 weeks, were utilized to construct long noncoding RNAs. Antisense long noncoding RNAs were selected for differential expression and functional analyses since they have been shown to have regulatory actions within a genome. A total of 142 unique antisense long noncoding RNAs were differentially expressed between strains, 60 of which could be mapped to a gene. Genes underlying these noncoding RNAs are indicated in lipid metabolism and immunity. Six noncoding transcripts were also found to overlap with differentially expressed protein-coding genes, all of which were co-expressed. Associating variation in regulatory elements between rainbow trout strains with differing tolerance to plant-protein diets will assist in future studies toward increased gains throughout carnivorous aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Abernathy
- a USDA, Agricultural Research Service , Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center , Stuttgart , AR , USA
| | - Ken Overturf
- b USDA, Agricultural Research Service , Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station , Hagerman , ID , USA
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