1
|
Yang M, Weng T, Zhang W, Zhang M, He X, Han C, Wang X. The Roles of Non-coding RNA in the Development and Regeneration of Hair Follicles: Current Status and Further Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720879. [PMID: 34708037 PMCID: PMC8542792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a common problem that affects almost every age group and is considered to be an issue for cosmetic or psychiatric reasons. The loss of hair follicles (HFs) and hair caused by alopecia impairs self-esteem, thermoregulation, tactile sensation and protection from ultraviolet light. One strategy to solve this problem is HF regeneration. Many signalling pathways and molecules participate in the morphology and regeneration of HF, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein and Notch. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs and long ncRNAs, have significant modulatory roles in HF development and regeneration via regulation of these signalling pathways. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the status and future prospects of ncRNAs in HF regeneration and could prompt novel ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manjia Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Department of General Practice, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
MicroRNA31 and MMP-1 contribute to the differentiated pathway of invasion -with enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition- in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:767-775. [PMID: 34647185 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism of invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) and has been found to be enhanced in tumors originated from actinic keratosis with transformation limited to the basal epithelial layer -differentiated pathway-, compared to cases with invasion subsequent to complete epidermal transformation -classical pathway-. Several microRNAs and proteins can contribute to EMT modulation in cSCCs. MicroRNA21 and microRNA31 are involved in posttranscriptional regulation of protein expression and could play a relevant role in EMT and cSCC progression. Throughout the EMT process upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) enhances invasiveness and MMP-1 and MMP-3 contribute to local invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis in cSCCs. Additionally, cSCC development is associated with PTEN loss and NF-κB, NOTCH-1 and p63 activation. The aim of this work is to identify differences in the expression of those molecules between both pathways of cSCCs development. Eight tissue microarrays from 80 consecutive cSCCs were analyzed using LNA-based miRNA in situ hybridization for miRNA21 and miRNA31 evaluation, and immunohistochemistry for MMP-1, MMP-3, PTEN, NOTCH-1, NF-κB, p63 and CD31. Significantly higher expression of miRNA31 (p < 0.0001) and MMP-1 (p = 0.0072) and angiogenesis (p = 0.0199) were found in the differentiated pathway, whereas PTEN loss (p = 0.0430) was more marked in the classical pathway. No significant differences were found for the other markers. Our findings support a contribution of miRNA31 and MMP-1 in the differentiated pathway, associated to EMT and increased microvascularization. The greater PTEN loss in the classical pathway indicate that its relevance in cSCC is not EMT-related.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang B, Tian L, Xie J, Chen G, Wang F. Targeting miRNAs by natural products: A new way for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110546. [PMID: 32721631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. MiRNAs play important roles in a variety of biological processes, and dysregulation of miRNA expression is highly associated with cancer development. Individual miRNA regulates multiple gene expressions, enabling them to regulate multiple cellular signaling pathways simultaneously. Hence, miRNAs could be served as cancer biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, and also therapeutic targets. Recently, more and more evidences showed that natural products such as paclitaxel, curcumin, resveratrol, genistein or epigallocatechin-3-gallate exert their anti-proliferative and/or pro-apoptotic effects through regulating one or more miRNAs, leading to the inhibition of cancer cell growth, induction of apoptosis or enhancement of conventional cancer therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we outlined the recent advances in the regulation of miRNAs expression by the natural products and highlight the importance of these natural drugs as a potential strategy in cancer treatment. This review will help us better understand how natural products modulate miRNAs and contribute to the development of effective and safe natural drugs for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinrong Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Van Meter EN, Onyango JA, Teske KA. A review of currently identified small molecule modulators of microRNA function. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 188:112008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
5
|
López Castel A, Overby SJ, Artero R. MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Perspectives in Myotonic Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225600. [PMID: 31717488 PMCID: PMC6888406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy involves two types of chronically debilitating rare neuromuscular diseases: type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2). Both share similarities in molecular cause, clinical signs, and symptoms with DM2 patients usually displaying milder phenotypes. It is well documented that key clinical symptoms in DM are associated with a strong mis-regulation of RNA metabolism observed in patient’s cells. This mis-regulation is triggered by two leading DM-linked events: the sequestration of Muscleblind-like proteins (MBNL) and the mis-regulation of the CUGBP RNA-Binding Protein Elav-Like Family Member 1 (CELF1) that cause significant alterations to their important functions in RNA processing. It has been suggested that DM1 may be treatable through endogenous modulation of the expression of MBNL and CELF1 proteins. In this study, we analyzed the recent identification of the involvement of microRNA (miRNA) molecules in DM and focus on the modulation of these miRNAs to therapeutically restore normal MBNL or CELF1 function. We also discuss additional prospective miRNA targets, the use of miRNAs as disease biomarkers, and additional promising miRNA-based and miRNA-targeting drug development strategies. This review provides a unifying overview of the dispersed data on miRNA available in the context of DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo López Castel
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (Eri Biotecmed), University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Sarah Joann Overby
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (Eri Biotecmed), University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Artero
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (Eri Biotecmed), University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Disney MD. Precise Small Molecule Degradation of a Noncoding RNA Identifies Cellular Binding Sites and Modulates an Oncogenic Phenotype. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3065-3071. [PMID: 30375843 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the precise cellular destruction of an oncogenic noncoding RNA with a small molecule-bleomycin A5 conjugate, affording reversal of phenotype and a facile method to map the cellular binding sites of a small molecule. In particular, bleomycin A5 was coupled to a small molecule that selectively binds the microRNA-96 hairpin precursor (pri-miR-96). By coupling of bleomycin A5's free amine to the RNA binder, its affinity for binding to pri-miR-96 is >100-fold stronger than to DNA and the compound selectively cleaves pri-miR-96 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Indeed, selective cleavage of pri-miR-96 enhanced expression of FOXO1 protein, a pro-apoptotic transcription factor that miR-96 silences, and triggered apoptosis in TNBC cells. No effects were observed in healthy breast epithelial cells. Thus, conjugation of a small molecule to bleomycin A5's free amine may provide programmable control over its cellular targets. Few approaches are available to define the binding sites of small molecules within cellular RNAs. Our targeted cleavage method provides such an approach that is straightforward to implement. That is, we determined experimentally the site cleaved within pri-miR-96 in vitro and in cells; these studies revealed that the site of cleavage is the precise site for which the small molecule cleaver was designed and in agreement with modeling. These studies demonstrate the potential of sequence-based design to provide bioactive compounds that precisely recognize and cleave RNA in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- The Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Matthew D. Disney
- The Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| |
Collapse
|