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Piergiovanni S, Terrier P. Effects of metronome walking on long-term attractor divergence and correlation structure of gait: a validation study in older people. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15784. [PMID: 38982219 PMCID: PMC11233570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of metronome walking on gait dynamics in older adults, focusing on long-range correlation structures and long-range attractor divergence (assessed by maximum Lyapunov exponents). Sixty older adults participated in indoor walking tests with and without metronome cues. Gait parameters were recorded using two triaxial accelerometers attached to the lumbar region and to the foot. We analyzed logarithmic divergence of lumbar acceleration using Rosenstein's algorithm and scaling exponents for stride intervals from foot accelerometers using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Results indicated a concomitant reduction in long-term divergence exponents and scaling exponents during metronome walking, while short-term divergence remained largely unchanged. Furthermore, long-term divergence exponents and scaling exponents were significantly correlated. Reliability analysis revealed moderate intrasession consistency for long-term divergence exponents, but poor reliability for scaling exponents. Our results suggest that long-term divergence exponents could effectively replace scaling exponents for unsupervised gait quality assessment in older adults. This approach may improve the assessment of attentional involvement in gait control and enhance fall risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Piergiovanni
- Haute-Ecole Arc Santé, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Espace de l'Europe 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Terrier
- Haute-Ecole Arc Santé, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Espace de l'Europe 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Vaz JR, Cortes N, Gomes JS, Jordão S, Stergiou N. Stride-to-stride fluctuations and temporal patterns of muscle activity exhibit similar responses during walking to variable visual cues. J Biomech 2024; 164:111972. [PMID: 38330885 PMCID: PMC11034849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating variability within gait retraining approaches has been proposed and shown to lead to positive changes. Specifically, submitting the individuals to walk in synchrony to cues that are temporally organized with a fractal-like patterns, promotes changes at the stride-to-stride fluctuations closer to those typically find in young adults. However, there is still a need to understand the underlying neuromuscular mechanisms associated to such improvement. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether changes in the temporal structure of the variability in gait patterns are accompanied by changes in muscle activity patterns. Fourteen young individuals walked synchronized to one uncued (UNC) and three cued conditions: isochronous (ISO), fractal (FRC) and random (RND). Inter-stride intervals were determined from an accelerometer placed on the lateral malleoli. Inter-muscle peak intervals were obtained from the electromyographic signal from the gastrocnemius muscle. Fractal scaling, obtained through detrended fluctuation analysis, and coefficient of variation were calculated. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to identify differences between conditions. Significant main effect was observed for both fractal scaling and coefficient of variation. Both shown no differences between UNC and FRC conditions, while ISO and RND were significantly lower compared to UNC and FRC conditions. In addition, a Pearson's Correlation was used to test the correlation between variables. A strong correlation was found the temporal structure of gait and muscle activity patterns. These findings strengthen the current literature regarding the incorporation of variability within cued approaches. Specifically, it shows that such an approach allows the modification of the neuromuscular processes underlying the stride-to-stride fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Vaz
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Monte da Caparica, Portugal; Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States; CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Nelson Cortes
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester UK; Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - João Sá Gomes
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Monte da Caparica, Portugal; CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Jordão
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Monte da Caparica, Portugal; CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
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Ma Y, Gow BJ, Song R, Rist PM, Hausdorff JM, Lipsitz LA, Manor B, Wayne PM. Long-term Tai Chi practice in older adults is associated with "younger" functional abilities. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14023. [PMID: 37905388 PMCID: PMC10776109 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related alterations in physiology lead to declines in physical function that are associated with numerous adverse outcomes among older adults. Utilizing a hybrid design, we aimed to understand whether both long-term and short-term Tai Chi (TC) training are associated with age-related decline in physical function in healthy older adults. We first conducted cross-sectional comparisons among TC-naïve older adults (n = 60, 64.2 ± 7.7 years), TC-expert older adults (n = 27, 62.8 ± 7.6 years, 24.5 ± 12 years experience), and TC-naïve younger adults (n = 15, 28.7 ± 3.2 years) to inform long-term effects of TC training on physical function, including single leg stance time with eyes closed, grip strength, Timed Up and Go, maximum walking speed, functional reach, and vertical jump for lower-extremity power. There were significant differences among the three groups on all the six tests. For most functional tests, TC-experts performed better than age-matched TC-naïve controls and were statistically indistinguishable from young healthy adult controls. Long-term TC training was associated with higher levels of physical function in older adults, suggesting a potential preventative healthy aging effect. In the randomized longitudinal trial, TC-naïve subjects were randomized (n = 31 to Tai Chi group, n = 29 to usual care control group) to evaluate the short-term effects of TC over 6 months on all outcomes. TC's short-term impacts on physical function were small and not statistically significant. The impact of short-term training in healthy adults is less clear. Both potential longer-term preventive effects and shorter-term restorative effects warrant further research with rigorous, adequately powered controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, Division of Preventive MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Brian J. Gow
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, Division of Preventive MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology (LCP)Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rhayun Song
- College of NursingChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Pamela M. Rist
- Division of Preventive MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Lewis A. Lipsitz
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Brad Manor
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Peter M. Wayne
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, Division of Preventive MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Jordão S, Stergiou N, Brandão R, Pezarat-Correia P, Oliveira R, Cortes N, Vaz JR. Muscle activity variability patterns and stride to stride fluctuations of older adults are positively correlated during walking. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20721. [PMID: 38007498 PMCID: PMC10676363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been found that fractal-like patterns are present in the temporal structure of the variability of healthy biological rhythms, while pathology and disease lead to their deterioration. Interestingly, it has recently been suggested that these patterns in biological rhythms are related with each other, reflecting overall health or lack of it, due to their interaction. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms responsible for such dependency remain unknown. In addition, this relationship between different elements needs to be first verified before we even pursue understanding their interaction. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between two elements of the neuromuscular system, gait and muscle activity variability patterns in older adults. Twenty-one older adults walked at their preferred walking speed on a treadmill. Inter-stride intervals were obtained through an accelerometer placed on the lateral malleoli to assess the temporal structure of variability of stride-to-stride fluctuations. Inter muscle peak intervals were obtained through the electromyographic signal of the gastrocnemius to assess the temporal structure of the variability of the simultaneous muscle activity. The temporal structure of variability from both signals was evaluated through the detrended fluctuation analysis, while their magnitude of variability was evaluated using the coefficient of variation. The Pearson's Correlation coefficient was used to identify the relationship between the two dependent variables. A significant strong positive correlation was found between the temporal structure of gait and muscle activity patterns. This result suggests that there is an interdependency between biological rhythms that compose the human neuromuscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Jordão
- CIPER, Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829 - 511, Caparica, Portugal
- Hospital da Ordem Terceira Chiado, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rita Brandão
- CIPER, Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pezarat-Correia
- CIPER, Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raúl Oliveira
- CIPER, Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nelson Cortes
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - João R Vaz
- CIPER, Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829 - 511, Caparica, Portugal.
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Buchman AS, Wang T, Oveisgharan S, Zammit AR, Yu L, Li P, Hu K, Hausdorff JM, Lim ASP, Bennett DA. Correlates of Person-Specific Rates of Change in Sensor-Derived Physical Activity Metrics of Daily Living in the Rush Memory and Aging Project. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4152. [PMID: 37112493 PMCID: PMC10142139 DOI: 10.3390/s23084152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized person-specific rates of change of total daily physical activity (TDPA) and identified correlates of this change. TDPA metrics were extracted from multiday wrist-sensor recordings from 1083 older adults (average age 81 years; 76% female). Thirty-two covariates were collected at baseline. A series of linear mixed-effect models were used to identify covariates independently associated with the level and annual rate of change of TDPA. Though, person-specific rates of change varied during a mean follow-up of 5 years, 1079 of 1083 showed declining TDPA. The average decline was 16%/year, with a 4% increased rate of decline for every 10 years of age older at baseline. Following variable selection using multivariate modeling with forward and then backward elimination, age, sex, education, and 3 of 27 non-demographic covariates including motor abilities, a fractal metric, and IADL disability remained significantly associated with declining TDPA accounting for 21% of its variance (9% non-demographic and 12% demographics covariates). These results show that declining TDPA occurs in many very old adults. Few covariates remained correlated with this decline and the majority of its variance remained unexplained. Further work is needed to elucidate the biology underlying TDPA and to identify other factors that account for its decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron S. Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tianhao Wang
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shahram Oveisgharan
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andrea R. Zammit
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6492416, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Andrew S. P. Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Jiang B, Feng C, Hu H, George D, Huang T, Li Z. Traditional Chinese Exercise for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis With Future Directions. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:932924. [PMID: 35832067 PMCID: PMC9271864 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.932924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese Exercise (TCE) has expanded out of China into the world and is frequently used in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Although many studies have explored the ability of TCE as an intervention for neurodegenerative diseases, there are limited articles summarizing the research. The aim of this study was to investigate current research trends around TCE for neurodegenerative diseases and predict future directions for such research. Materials and Methods Data was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). All articles and reviews on TCE in relation to neurodegenerative diseases were retrieved. The data analysis was performed using the CiteSpace (5.8R3) software, and the results were displayed in network maps. Results The search identified 220 publications between 1999 and 2021. The United States was the most productive country (n = 89), followed by China (n = 68). The United States had the greatest centrality, indicating its tremendous global influence and close collaborations with other countries. Fuzhong Li from the Oregon Research Institute, United States, was not only the most prolific author (n = 5), but also the most co-cited author (n = 120). The Shanghai University of Sport contributed to the most publications (n = 12). PLOS ONE was the most published journal, while Movement Disorders was the most cited journal. Tai Chi, Parkinson’s disease, quality of life, balance, and older adult were the most high-frequency keywords, while Alzheimer’s disease had the highest centrality. Conclusion The number of publications on TCE related to neurodegenerative diseases has shown major growth in the past decade. However, there is a need for research institutions to strengthen cooperation between countries and institutions. Tai Chi, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease, older adults and falls reduction have been the recent research focus. It is anticipated that in the future, PD will continue to be a central focus with the effects of Baduanjin, Wuqinxi, and Yijinjing requiring further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buchan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chengyao Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daniel George
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tianlong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Tianlong Huang,
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
- Zhihong Li,
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Faisal MAA, Chowdhury MEH, Khandakar A, Hossain MS, Alhatou M, Mahmud S, Ara I, Sheikh SI, Ahmed MU. An investigation to study the effects of Tai Chi on human gait dynamics using classical machine learning. Comput Biol Med 2022; 142:105184. [PMID: 35016098 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tai Chi has been proven effective in preventing falls in older adults, improving the joint function of knee osteoarthritis patients, and improving the balance of stroke survivors. However, the effect of Tai Chi on human gait dynamics is still less understood. Studies conducted in this domain only relied on statistical and clinical measurements on the time-series gait data. In recent years machine learning has proven its ability in recognizing complex patterns from time-series data. In this research work, we have evaluated the performance of several machine learning algorithms in classifying the walking gait of Tai Chi masters (people expert on Tai Chi) from the normal subjects. The study is designed in a longitudinal manner where the Tai Chi naive subjects received 6 months of Tai Chi training and the data was recorded during the initial and follow-up sessions. A total of 57 subjects participated in the experiment among which 27 were Tai Chi masters. We have introduced a gender, BMI-based scaling of the features to mitigate their effects from the gait parameters. A hybrid feature ranking technique has also been proposed for selecting the best features for classification. The research reports 88.17% accuracy and 93.10% ROC AUC values from subject-wise 5-fold cross-validation for the Tai Chi masters' vs normal subjects' walking gait classification for the "Single-task" walking scenarios. We have also got fairly good accuracy for the "Dual-task" walking scenarios (82.62% accuracy and 84.11% ROC AUC values). The results indicate that Tai Chi clearly has an effect on the walking gait dynamics. The findings and methodology of this study could provide preliminary guidance for applying machine learning-based approaches to similar gait kinematics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahasan Atick Faisal
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Amith Khandakar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Md Shafayet Hossain
- Department of Electrical, Electronics and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Alhatou
- Neuromuscular Division, Hamad General Hospital and Department of Neurology, Alkhor Hospital, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Sakib Mahmud
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Iffat Ara
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Shah Imran Sheikh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Mosabber Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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Circulating Mediators of Apoptosis and Inflammation in Aging; Physical Exercise Intervention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063165. [PMID: 33808526 PMCID: PMC8003155 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass caused by many cellular mechanisms and also by lifestyle factors such as low daily physical activity. In addition, it has been shown that sarcopenia may be associated with inflammation and cognitive impairment in old age. Regular exercise is key in reducing inflammation and preventing sarcopenia and diseases related to cognitive impairment. The study was designed to assess the impact of exercise training on circulating apoptotic and inflammatory markers of sarcopenia in older adults. Eighty older adults aged 70.5 ± 5.8 years were randomized to the physically active group who participated in a 10-month Tai-Chi training session (TC, n = 40) and the control group who participated in health education sessions (HE, n = 40). Tai-Chi training caused a significant decrease in fat mass (FM) by 3.02 ± 3.99%, but an increase in appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) by 1.76 ± 3.17% and gait speed by 9.07 ± 11.45%. Tai-Chi training elevated the plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), and tumor necrosis receptor factor II (TNFRII), and decreased caspases 8 and 9. Despite the increase in TNFα, apoptosis was not initiated, i.e., the cell-free DNA level did not change in the TC group. The study demonstrated that Tai-Chi training significantly reduced the symptoms of sarcopenia through the changes in body composition and physical performance, and improvements in cytokine-related mechanisms of apoptosis.
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Wayne PM, Gow BJ, Hou F, Ma Y, Hausdorff JM, Lo J, Rist PM, Peng CK, Lipsitz LA, Novak V, Manor B. Tai Chi training's effect on lower extremity muscle co-contraction during single- and dual-task gait: Cross-sectional and randomized trial studies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242963. [PMID: 33481829 PMCID: PMC7822271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tai Chi (TC) mind-body exercise has been shown to reduce falls and improve balance and gait, however, few studies have evaluated the role of lower extremity muscle activation patterns in the observed benefits of TC on mobility. PURPOSE To perform an exploratory analysis of the association between TC training and levels of lower extremity muscle co-contraction in healthy adults during walking under single-task (ST) and cognitive dual-task (DT) conditions. METHODS Surface electromyography of the anterior tibialis and lateral gastrocnemius muscles was recorded during 90 sec trials of overground ST (walking normally) and DT (walking with verbalized serial subtractions) walking. A mean co-contraction index (CCI), across all strides, was calculated based on the percentage of total muscle activity when antagonist muscles were simultaneously activated. A hybrid study design investigated long-term effects of TC via a cross-sectional comparison of 27 TC experts and 60 age-matched TC-naïve older adults. A longitudinal comparison assessed the shorter-term effects of TC; TC-naïve participants were randomly allocated to either 6 months of TC training or to usual care. RESULTS Across all participants at baseline, greater CCI was correlated with slower gait speed under DT (β(95% CI) = -26.1(-48.6, -3.7)) but not ST (β(95% CI) = -15.4(-38.2, 7.4)) walking. Linear models adjusting for age, gender, BMI and other factors that differed at baseline indicated that TC experts exhibited lower CCI compared to TC naives under DT, but not ST conditions (ST: mean difference (95% CI) = -7.1(-15.2, 0.97); DT: mean difference (95% CI) = -10.1(-18.1, -2.4)). No differences were observed in CCI for TC-naive adults randomly assigned to 6 months of TC vs. usual care. CONCLUSION Lower extremity muscle co-contraction may play a role in the observed benefit of longer-term TC training on gait and postural control. Longer-duration and adequately powered randomized trials are needed to evaluate the effect of TC on neuromuscular coordination and its impact on postural control. TRIAL REGISTRATION The randomized trial component of this study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01340365).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Wayne
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Gow
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fengzhen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Justine Lo
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pamela M. Rist
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chung-Kang Peng
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lewis A. Lipsitz
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vera Novak
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Brad Manor
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Hagner-Derengowska M, Kałużny K, Kałużna A, Zukow W, Leis K, Domagalska-Szopa M, Kochański B, Budzyński J. Effect of a training program of overground walking on BTS gait parameters in elderly women during single and dual cognitive tasks. Int J Rehabil Res 2020; 43:355-360. [PMID: 32897934 DOI: 10.1097/mrr.0000000000000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that a regular training program might reduce gait disturbances during dual cognitive-motor tasks in elderly women. This open-label experimental study comprised 53 postmenopausal women aged over 65, who were assigned to a 10-week training program (360 min/week). A BTS SMART system examination during free walking and during dual tasks [i.e., walking while performing either a simple (SCT) or a complex (CCT) cognitive task] was performed prior to the training program and again after it had finished. After the 10-week walking training program, a significant decrease was found in the duration of single support phase, double support phase, total support phase, and gait cycle, whereas values for such BTS parameters as swing speed, step length, and gait speed increased significantly. The greatest percentage deltas between the final and initial values of the respective BTS parameters concerned swing speed and gait speed irrespective of the kind of task undertaken while measurements were taken. A cognitive task, irrespective of the level of difficulty, performed during walking had the opposite effect on step width than expected. A 10-week training program significantly improved the cadency and manner of gait in elderly women, but did not change step width. Therefore, further study is needed to estimate the usefulness of cognitive-motor training programs for significant improvement in gait coordination during dual tasks in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hagner-Derengowska
- Department of Physical Culture, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń
| | | | - Anna Kałużna
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Walery Zukow
- Department of Physical Culture, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń
| | - Kamil Leis
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń
| | | | | | - Jacek Budzyński
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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11
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Ravi DK, Marmelat V, Taylor WR, Newell KM, Stergiou N, Singh NB. Assessing the Temporal Organization of Walking Variability: A Systematic Review and Consensus Guidelines on Detrended Fluctuation Analysis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:562. [PMID: 32655400 PMCID: PMC7324754 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human physiological signals are inherently rhythmic and have a hallmark feature in that even distant intrasignal measurements are related to each other. This relationship is termed long-range correlation and has been recognized as an indicator of the optimal state of the observed physiological systems, among which the locomotor system. Loss of long-range correlations has been found as a result of aging as well as disease, which can be evaluated with detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Recently, DFA and the scaling exponent α have been employed for understanding the degeneration of temporal regulation of human walking biorhythms in, for example, Parkinson disease (PD). However, heterogeneous evidence on scaling exponent α values reported in the literature across different population groups has put into question what constitutes a healthy physiological pattern. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the functional thresholds of scaling exponent α in young vs. older adults, as well as between patients with PD and age-matched asymptomatic controls. Aging and PD exhibited a negative effect size (i.e., led to decreased long-range correlations) of -0.20 and -0.53, respectively. Our meta-analysis based on 14 studies provides evidence that a mean scaling exponent α threshold of 0.86 [2 standard error (0.76, 0.96)] is able to optimally discriminate temporal organization of stride interval between young and old, whereas 0.82 (0.72, 0.92) differentiates patients with PD and age-matched asymptomatic controls. The optimal thresholds presented in this review together with the consensus guidelines for using DFA might allow a more sensitive and reliable application of this metric for understanding human walking physiology than has been achieved to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Ravi
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vivien Marmelat
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Karl M Newell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Navrag B Singh
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Complexity-Based Measures of Heart Rate Dynamics in Older Adults Following Long- and Short-Term Tai Chi Training: Cross-sectional and Randomized Trial Studies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7500. [PMID: 31097732 PMCID: PMC6522618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Measures characterizing the complexity of heart rate (HR) dynamics have been informative in predicting age- and disease-related decline in cardiovascular health, but few studies have evaluated whether mind-body exercise can impact HR complexity. This study evaluated the effects of long-term Tai Chi (TC) practice on the complexity of HR dynamics using an observational comparison of TC experts and age- and gender-matched TC-naïve individuals. Shorter-term effects of TC were assessed by randomly assigning TC-naïve participants to either TC group to receive six months of TC training or to a waitlist control group. 23 TC experts (age = 63.3 ± 8.0 y; 24.6 ± 12.0 y TC experience) and 52 TC-naïve (age = 64.3 ± 7.7 y) were enrolled. In cross-sectional analyses, TC experts had a higher overall complexity index (CI, p = 0.004) and higher entropy at multiple individual time scales (p < 0.05); these findings persisted in models accounting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity levels. Longitudinal changes in complexity index did not differ significantly following random assignment to six months of TC vs. a waitlist control; however, within the TC group, complexity at select time scales showed statistically non-significant trends toward increases. Our study supports that longer-term TC mind-body training may be associated with increased complexity of HR dynamics.
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13
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Wu S, Chen J, Wang S, Jiang M, Wang X, Wen Y. Effect of Tai Chi Exercise on Balance Function of Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2018; 24:210-215. [PMID: 30504762 PMCID: PMC6289026 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.911951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tai Chi is an ancient form of physical activity that has been shown to improve cardiovascular function, but to date there had been no comprehensive systematic review on the effect of Tai Chi exercise on balance function of patients with stroke. This study evaluated the effect of Tai Chi exercise on balance function in stroke patients. Material/Methods PubMed, Cochrane library, and China National Knowledge Information databases and the Wan Fang medical network were searched to collect the articles. The random-effects model was used to assess the effect of Tai Chi exercise on balance function of stroke patients. Results Six studies were chosen to perform the meta-analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were significant improvements of balance on Berg Balance Scale score (MD=4.823, 95% CI: 2.138–7.508), the standing balance with fall rates (RR=0.300, 95%CI: 0.120–0.770), functional reach test and dynamic gait index in Tai Chi intervention group compared to the control intervention group. However, the short physical performance battery for balance (SPBB) showed Tai Chi did not significantly improve the ability of balance for stroke patients (MD=0.293, 95%CI: −0.099~0.685). Conclusions Tai Chi exercise might have a significant impact in improving balance efficiency by increasing BBS score and reducing fall rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouzhi Wu
- School of Public Foundation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Chen
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Shuyi Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Mingfei Jiang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Ximei Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yufeng Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
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14
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Arsac LM, Deschodt-Arsac V. Detrended fluctuation analysis in a simple spreadsheet as a tool for teaching fractal physiology. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2018; 42:493-499. [PMID: 30035630 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00181.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fractal physiology demonstrated growing interest over the last decades among physiologists, neuroscientists, and clinicians. Many physiological systems coordinate themselves for reducing variability and maintain a steady state. When recorded over time, the output signal exhibits small fluctuations around a stable value. It is becoming increasingly clear that these fluctuations, in most free-running healthy systems, are not simply due to uncorrelated random errors and possess interesting properties, one of which is the property of fractal dynamics. Fractal dynamics model temporal processes in which similar patterns occur across multiple timescales of measurement. Smaller copies of a pattern are nested within larger copies of the pattern, a property termed scale invariance. It is an intriguing process that may deserve attention for implementing curricular development for students to reconsider homeostasis. Teaching fractal dynamics needs to make calculating resources available for students. The present paper offers a calculating resource that uses a basic formula and is executable in a simple spreadsheet. The spreadsheet allows computing detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), the most frequently used method in the literature to quantify the fractal-scaling index of a physiological time series. DFA has been nicely described by the group at Harvard that designed it; the authors made the C language source available. Going further, it is suggested here that a guide to build DFA step by step in a spreadsheet has many advantages for teaching fractal physiology and beyond: 1) it promotes the DIY (do-it-yourself) in students and highlights scaling concepts; and 2) it makes DFA available for people not familiarized with executing code in C language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M Arsac
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire IMS, UMR 5218, Talence , France
| | - Véronique Deschodt-Arsac
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire IMS, UMR 5218, Talence , France
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15
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Osypiuk K, Thompson E, Wayne PM. Can Tai Chi and Qigong Postures Shape Our Mood? Toward an Embodied Cognition Framework for Mind-Body Research. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:174. [PMID: 29765313 PMCID: PMC5938610 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic and static body postures are a defining characteristic of mind-body practices such as Tai Chi and Qigong (TCQ). A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that TCQ may be beneficial for psychological health, including management and prevention of depression and anxiety. Although a variety of causal factors have been identified as potential mediators of such health benefits, physical posture, despite its visible prominence, has been largely overlooked. We hypothesize that body posture while standing and/or moving may be a key therapeutic element mediating the influence of TCQ on psychological health. In the present paper, we summarize existing experimental and observational evidence that suggests a bi-directional relationship between body posture and mental states. Drawing from embodied cognitive science, we provide a theoretical framework for further investigation into this interrelationship. We discuss the challenges involved in such an investigation and propose suggestions for future studies. Despite theoretical and practical challenges, we propose that the role of posture in mind-body exercises such as TCQ should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Osypiuk
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Evan Thompson
- Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter M Wayne
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Kao CC, Chiu HL, Liu D, Chan PT, Tseng IJ, Chen R, Niu SF, Chou KR. Effect of interactive cognitive motor training on gait and balance among older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2018; 82:121-128. [PMID: 29627750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a normal degenerative process that results in a decline in the gait and balance performance of older adults. Interactive cognitive motor training is an intervention that integrates cognitive and motor tasks to promote individuals' physical and cognitive fall risk factors. However, the additive effects of the interactive cognitive motor training on objective quantitative data and comprehensive descriptions of gait and balance warrants further investigation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of interactive cognitive motor training on older adults' gait and balance from immediate to long-term time points. DESIGN A double-blind randomized control trial. SETTINGS Four senior service centers and community service centers in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS 62 older adults who met the inclusion criteria. METHODS The study participants were older adults without cognitive impairment, and they were randomly allocated to the experimental group or active control group. In both groups, older adults participated in three sessions of 30-min training per week for a total of 8 weeks, with the total number of training sessions being 24. The primary outcome was gait performance, which was measured using objective and subjective indicators. iWALK was used as an objective indicator to measure pace and dynamic stability; the Functional Gait Assessment was employed as a subjective indicator. The secondary outcome was balance performance, which was measured using iSWAY. A generalized estimating equation was used to identify whether the results of the two groups differ after receiving different intervention measures; the results were obtained from immediate to long-term posttests. RESULTS Stride length in the pace category of the experimental group improved significantly in immediate posttest (p = 0.01), 3-month follow-up (p = 0.01), and 6-month follow-up (p = 0.04). The range of motion of the leg exhibited significant improvement in immediate posttest (p = 0.04) and 3-month follow-up (p = 0.04). The Functional Gait Assessment result indicated that statistically significant improvement was observed in immediate posttest (p = 0.02) and 12-month follow-up (p = 0.01). The results of balance performance showed that the experimental group attained statistically significant improvement in centroid frequency in the immediate posttest (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The research results validated that the 24 sessions of the interactive cognitive motor training intervention significantly improved gait and balance performance. Future studies should extend the sample to communities to promote the gait and balance performance of community-dwelling older adults without cognitive impairment and reduce their risk of falling and developing gait-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chiu Kao
- Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ling Chiu
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Doresses Liu
- Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tuan Chan
- Department of Nursing, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jy Tseng
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Niu
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Ru Chou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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