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Volpe G, Mazzucchiello SM, Rosati N, Lucibelli F, Varone M, Baccaro D, Mattei I, Di Lelio I, Becchimanzi A, Giordano E, Salvemini M, Aceto S, Pennacchio F, Saccone G. Simultaneous Silencing of Gut Nucleases and a Vital Target Gene by Adult dsRNA Feeding Enhances RNAi Efficiency and Mortality in Ceratitis capitata. INSECTS 2024; 15:717. [PMID: 39336685 PMCID: PMC11432467 DOI: 10.3390/insects15090717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Ceratitis capitata, known as the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), is a major dipteran pest significantly impacting fruit and vegetable farming. Currently, its control heavily relies mainly on chemical insecticides, which pose health risks and have effects on pollinators. A more sustainable and species-specific alternative strategy may be based on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery through feeding to disrupt essential functions in pest insects, which is poorly reported in dipteran species. Previous reports in Orthoptera and Coleoptera species suggested that dsRNA degradation by specific nucleases in the intestinal lumen is among the major obstacles to feeding-mediated RNAi in insects. In our study, we experimented with three-day adult feeding using a combination of dsRNA molecules that target the expression of the ATPase vital gene and two intestinal dsRNA nucleases. These dsRNA molecules were recently tested separately in two Tephritidae species, showing limited effectiveness. In contrast, by simultaneously feeding dsRNA against the CcVha68-1, CcdsRNase1, and CcdsRNase2 genes, we observed 79% mortality over seven days, which was associated with a decrease in mRNA levels of the three targeted genes. As expected, we also observed a reduction in dsRNA degradation following RNAi against nucleases. This research illustrates the potential of utilizing molecules as pesticides to achieve mortality rates in Medfly adults by targeting crucial genes and intestinal nucleases. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of exploring RNAi-based approaches for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Volpe
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Noemi Rosati
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Lucibelli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Varone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Dora Baccaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mattei
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Lelio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Ennio Giordano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Salvemini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Aceto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saccone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
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Shu Q, Liu GC, He JW, Hu P, Dong ZW, Zhao RP, Zhang HR, Li XY. RNAi efficiency is enhanced through knockdown of double-stranded RNA-degrading enzymes in butterfly Papilio xuthus. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 115:e22113. [PMID: 38628056 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of RNA interference (RNAi) has always limited the research on the phenotype innovation of Lepidoptera insects. Previous studies have found that double-stranded RNA-degrading enzyme (dsRNase) is an important factor in RNAi efficiency, but there have been no relevant reports in butterflies (Papilionoidea). Papilio xuthus is one of the important models in butterflies with an extensive experimental application value. To explore the effect of dsRNase in the RNAi efficiency on butterflies, six dsRNase genes (PxdsRNase 1-6) were identified in P. xuthus genome, and their dsRNA-degrading activities were subsequently detected by ex vivo assays. The result shows that the dsRNA-degrading ability of gut content (<1 h) was higher than hemolymph content (>12 h). We then investigated the expression patterns of these PxdsRNase genes during different tissues and developmental stages, and related RNAi experiments were carried out. Our results show that different PxdsRNase genes had different expression levels at different developmental stages and tissues. The expression of PxdsRNase2, PxdsRNase3, and PxdsRNase6 were upregulated significantly through dsGFP injection, and PxdsRNase genes can be silenced effectively by injecting their corresponding dsRNA. RNAi-of-RNAi studies with PxEbony, which acts as a reporter gene, observed that silencing PxdsRNase genes can increase RNAi efficiency significantly. These results confirm that silencing dsRNase genes can improve RNAi efficiency in P. xuthus significantly, providing a reference for the functional study of insects such as butterflies with low RNAi efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shu
- Yunnan Agricultural University College of Plant Protection, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gui-Chun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin-Wu He
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruo-Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Rui Zhang
- Yunnan Agricultural University College of Plant Protection, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Zhou X, Wei J, Ge H, Guan D, Li H, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Qian K, Wang J. Functional Characterization and Putative Regulatory Mechanism of an RNAi Efficiency-Related Nuclease (REase) in the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3973-3983. [PMID: 38361393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The lepidopteran-specific RNAi efficiency-related nuclease (REase) has been shown to contribute to double-strand RNA (dsRNA) degradation in several lepidopteran insects. However, little is known about its regulatory mechanism. In this study, we identified and characterized SfREase in Spodoptera frugiperda. The exposure of the third-instar larvae to dsEGFP and high temperature led to the upregulation of SfREase, whereas starvation treatment resulted in the downregulation of SfREase. Further experiments revealed that dsRNA degraded more slowly in the hemolymph or midgut fluid extracted from dsSfREase-injected or dsSfREase-ingested larvae compared with those from dsEGFP-treated larvae, and the recombinant SfREase degraded dsRNA in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the knockdown of SfREase improved RNAi efficiency. Finally, both RNAi and dual-luciferase reporter assay in Sf9 cells revealed that SfREase is negatively regulated by FOXO. These data provide insights into the function and regulatory mechanism of REase and have applied implications for the development of an RNAi-based control strategy of S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaping Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huichen Ge
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Daojie Guan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hai Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Dalaisón-Fuentes LI, Pascual A, Crespo M, Andrada NL, Welchen E, Catalano MI. Knockdown of double-stranded RNases (dsRNases) enhances oral RNA interference (RNAi) in the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105618. [PMID: 37945254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The leafhopper Dalbulus maidis is a harmful pest that causes severe damage to corn crops. Conventional chemical pesticides have negative environmental impacts, emphasizing the need for alternative solutions. RNA interference (RNAi) is a more specific and environmentally friendly method for controlling pests and reducing the negative impacts of current pest management practices. Previous studies have shown that orally administered double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is less effective than injection protocols in silencing genes. This study focuses on identifying and understanding the role of double-stranded ribonucleases (dsRNases) in limiting the efficiency of oral RNAi in D. maidis. Three dsRNases were identified and characterized, with Dmai-dsRNase-2 being highly expressed in the midgut and salivary glands. An ex vivo degradation assay revealed significant nuclease activity, resulting in high instability of dsRNA when exposed to tissue homogenates. Silencing Dmai-dsRNase-2 improved the insects' response to the dsRNA targeting the gene of interest, providing evidence of dsRNases involvement in oral RNAi efficiency. Therefore, administering both dsRNase-specific and target gene-specific-dsRNAs simultaneously is a promising approach to increase the efficiency of oral RNAi and should be considered in future control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía I Dalaisón-Fuentes
- Centro de BioInvestigaciones (Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires-CICBA), Avenida Presidente Frondizi 2650 (2700), Pergamino, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias del Noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA-CONICET), Monteagudo 2772 (2700), Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Agustina Pascual
- Centro de BioInvestigaciones (Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires-CICBA), Avenida Presidente Frondizi 2650 (2700), Pergamino, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias del Noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA-CONICET), Monteagudo 2772 (2700), Pergamino, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Crespo
- Centro de BioInvestigaciones (Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires-CICBA), Avenida Presidente Frondizi 2650 (2700), Pergamino, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias del Noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA-CONICET), Monteagudo 2772 (2700), Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Nicolás L Andrada
- Centro de BioInvestigaciones (Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires-CICBA), Avenida Presidente Frondizi 2650 (2700), Pergamino, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias del Noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA-CONICET), Monteagudo 2772 (2700), Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María I Catalano
- Centro de BioInvestigaciones (Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires-CICBA), Avenida Presidente Frondizi 2650 (2700), Pergamino, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias del Noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA-CONICET), Monteagudo 2772 (2700), Pergamino, Argentina
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Singewar K, Fladung M. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) technology to control forest insect pests and fungal pathogens: challenges and opportunities. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:185. [PMID: 37243792 PMCID: PMC10220346 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate change alters the seasonal synchronization between plants and respective pests plus pathogens. The geographical infiltration helps to shift their hosts, resulting in novel outbreaks that damage forests and ecology. Traditional management schemes are unable to control such outbreaks, therefore unconventional and competitive governance is needed to manage forest pests and pathogens. RNA interference (RNAi) mediated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) treatment method can be implemented to protect forest trees. Exogenous dsRNA triggers the RNAi-mediated gene silencing of a vital gene, and suspends protein production, resulting in the death of targeted pathogens and pests. The dsRNA treatment method is successful for many crop insects and fungi, however, studies of dsRNA against forest pests and pathogens are depleting. Pesticides and fungicides based on dsRNA could be used to combat pathogens that caused outbreaks in different parts of the world. Although the dsRNA has proved its potential, the crucial dilemma and risks including species-specific gene selection, and dsRNA delivery methods cannot be overlooked. Here, we summarized the major fungi pathogens and insect pests that have caused outbreaks, their genomic information, and studies on dsRNA fungi-and pesticides. Current challenges and opportunities in dsRNA target decision, delivery using nanoparticles, direct applications, and a new method using mycorrhiza for forest tree protection are discussed. The importance of affordable next-generation sequencing to minimize the impact on non-target species is discussed. We suggest that collaborative research among forest genomics and pathology institutes could develop necessary dsRNA strategies to protect forest tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Singewar
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany.
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Adeyinka OS, Nasir IA, Tabassum B. Host-induced silencing of the CpCHI gene resulted in developmental abnormalities and mortality in maize stem borer (Chilo partellus). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280963. [PMID: 36745624 PMCID: PMC9901779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNAi-based insecticides for crop protection have witnessed rapid improvement over the years. However, their potential to efficiently control maize stem borer (Chilo partellus) pests has remained underexplored. In this study, double-stranded C. partellus chitinase (dsCHI) toxicity was investigated in C. partellus larvae. Furthermore, we developed transgenic maize lines expressing dsRNA targeted against C. partellus chitinase transcripts and performed detached leaf insect feeding bioassays. Our results revealed that C. partellus chitinase transcript expression was significantly downregulated by 57% and 82% in the larvae. Larvae exhibited various phenotypic distortion levels across developmental stages, and 53% mortality occurred in transgenic fed larvae compared to those fed on nontransgenic leaves. In conclusion, we have identified the C. partellus chitinase gene as a potential target for RNAi-mediated control and demonstrated that oral delivery via bacteria and plant-mediated delivery are viable means of achieving C. partellus RNAi-mediated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Samuel Adeyinka
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences Jackson state University, Jackson, MS, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Tabassum
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Koo J, Palli SR. dsRNase1 contribution to dsRNA degradation activity in the Sf9 cells conditioned medium. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1118775. [PMID: 38469530 PMCID: PMC10926405 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1118775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is inefficient in lepidopteran insects, including Spodoptera frugiperda. RNase activity in the lumen and hemocoel is known to contribute to low RNAi efficiency in these insects. Conditioned medium from Sf9 cells developed from ovaries of S. frugiperda shows high dsRNA degradation activity. But the enzymes responsible for this activity have not been identified. The nuclease genes that are highly expressed in Sf9 cells, REase, RNaseT2, and dsRNase1, were identified. Knockdown of dsRNase1 in Sf9 cells resulted in a reduction of dsRNA degradation activity in the Sf9 cells conditioned medium. Knockdown of dsRNase1 also increased RNAi efficiency in Sf9 cells. The results from these studies identified a major player in dsRNA degradation activity in the Sf9 cells conditioned medium. We also describe an efficient system that can be used to identify other genes responsible for dsRNA degradation and RNAi efficiency in Sf9 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Yoon JS, Ahn SJ, Choi MY. Selection and Comparative Gene Expression of Midgut-Specific Targets for Drosophila suzukii. INSECTS 2023; 14:76. [PMID: 36662004 PMCID: PMC9864236 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, is a destructive and invasive pest that attacks most small fruits and cherries. The current management for SWD involves the use of conventional insecticides. In an effort to develop a biologically based control option, the application of RNA interference (RNAi) has been investigated. To develop an RNAi approach, suitable targets must be identified, and an efficient delivery method must be developed for introducing the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the midgut. In D. suzukii, we previously found that dsRNA nucleases actively degrade dsRNA molecules in the midgut. In this study, we focused on identifying biological targets focused on the midgut membrane. The profile of midgut-specific genes was analyzed and compared with the genes expressed in the whole-body using transcriptome analysis. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that 1921 contigs were upregulated and 1834 contigs were downregulated in the midgut when compared to genes from other body tissues. We chose ten midgut-specifically upregulated genes and empirically confirmed their expressions. We are particularly interested in the midgut membrane proteins, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) receptor, neuropeptide F (NPF) recepror, toll-9, adhesion receptors, methuselah (mth), and gustatory receptor, because insect GPCRs have been offered great potential for next-generation pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Sun Yoon
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Vasquez DDN, Pinheiro DH, Teixeira LA, Moreira-Pinto CE, Macedo LLP, Salles-Filho ALO, Silva MCM, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Morgante CV, Silva LP, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Simultaneous silencing of juvenile hormone metabolism genes through RNAi interrupts metamorphosis in the cotton boll weevil. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1073721. [PMID: 36950526 PMCID: PMC10025338 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1073721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cotton boll weevil (CBW) (Anthonomus grandis) is one of the major insect pests of cotton in Brazil. Currently, CBW control is mainly achieved by insecticide application, which is costly and insufficient to ensure effective crop protection. RNA interference (RNAi) has been used in gene function analysis and the development of insect control methods. However, some insect species respond poorly to RNAi, limiting the widespread application of this approach. Therefore, nanoparticles have been explored as an option to increase RNAi efficiency in recalcitrant insects. Herein, we investigated the potential of chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) and polyethylenimine (PEI) nanoparticles as a dsRNA carrier system to improve RNAi efficiency in the CBW. Different formulations of the nanoparticles with dsRNAs targeting genes associated with juvenile hormone metabolism, such as juvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK), juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), and methyl farnesoate hydrolase (MFE), were tested. The formulations were delivered to CBW larvae through injection (0.05-2 µg), and the expression of the target genes was evaluated using RT-qPCR. PEI nanoparticles increased targeted gene silencing compared with naked dsRNAs (up to 80%), whereas CS-TPP-dsRNA nanoparticles decreased gene silencing (0%-20%) or led to the same level of gene silencing as the naked dsRNAs (up to 50%). We next evaluated the effects of targeting a single gene or simultaneously targeting two genes via the injection of naked dsRNAs or dsRNAs complexed with PEI (500 ng) on CBW survival and phenotypes. Overall, the gene expression analysis showed that the treatments with PEI targeting either a single gene or multiple genes induced greater gene silencing than naked dsRNA (∼60%). In addition, the injection of dsJHEH/JHDK, either naked or complexed with PEI, significantly affected CBW survival (18% for PEI nanoparticles and 47% for naked dsRNA) and metamorphosis. Phenotypic alterations, such as uncompleted pupation or malformed pupae, suggested that JHEH and JHDK are involved in developmental regulation. Moreover, CBW larvae treated with dsJHEH/JHDK + PEI (1,000 ng/g) exhibited significantly lower survival rate (55%) than those that were fed the same combination of naked dsRNAs (30%). Our findings demonstrated that PEI nanoparticles can be used as an effective tool for evaluating the biological role of target genes in the CBW as they increase the RNAi response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. N. Vasquez
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Lays A. Teixeira
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Embrapa Café, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo L. P. Macedo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alvaro L. O. Salles-Filho
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maria C. M. Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Isabela T. Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carolina V. Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasília, Brazil
- Embrapa SemiArid, Petrolina, Brazil
| | | | - Maria F. Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria F. Grossi-de-Sa,
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Ribeiro TP, Vasquez DDN, Macedo LLP, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Valença DC, Oliveira-Neto OB, Paes-de-Melo B, Rodrigues-Silva PL, Firmino AAP, Basso MF, Lins CBJ, Neves MR, Moura SM, Tripode BMD, Miranda JE, Silva MCM, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Stabilized Double-Stranded RNA Strategy Improves Cotton Resistance to CBW ( Anthonomus grandis). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13713. [PMID: 36430188 PMCID: PMC9691246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton is the most important crop for fiber production worldwide. However, the cotton boll weevil (CBW) is an insect pest that causes significant economic losses in infested areas. Current control methods are costly, inefficient, and environmentally hazardous. Herein, we generated transgenic cotton lines expressing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules to trigger RNA interference-mediated gene silencing in CBW. Thus, we targeted three essential genes coding for chitin synthase 2, vitellogenin, and ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor. The stability of expressed dsRNAs was improved by designing a structured RNA based on a viroid genome architecture. We transformed cotton embryos by inserting a promoter-driven expression cassette that overexpressed the dsRNA into flower buds. The transgenic cotton plants were characterized, and positive PCR transformed events were detected with an average heritability of 80%. Expression of dsRNAs was confirmed in floral buds by RT-qPCR, and the T1 cotton plant generation was challenged with fertilized CBW females. After 30 days, data showed high mortality (around 70%) in oviposited yolks. In adult insects fed on transgenic lines, chitin synthase II and vitellogenin showed reduced expression in larvae and adults, respectively. Developmental delays and abnormalities were also observed in these individuals. Our data remark on the potential of transgenic cotton based on a viroid-structured dsRNA to control CBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne P. Ribeiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel D. N. Vasquez
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Genetic and Molecular Biology Department, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia 71966-700, DF, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L. P. Macedo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT Plant Stress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Isabela T. Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT Plant Stress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - David C. Valença
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Osmundo B. Oliveira-Neto
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT Plant Stress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Integrated Faculties of the Educational Union of Planalto Central, Brasilia 70675-760, DF, Brazil
| | - Bruno Paes-de-Melo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT Plant Stress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre A. P. Firmino
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Max Planck Institute Molecular Plant Physiol, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marcos F. Basso
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT Plant Stress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Camila B. J. Lins
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Maysa R. Neves
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Stefanie M. Moura
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT Plant Stress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria C. M. Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT Plant Stress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria F. Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Genetic and Molecular Biology Department, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia 71966-700, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT Plant Stress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
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11
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Wang R, Li Y, Li D, Zhang W, Wang X, Wen X, Liu Z, Feng Y, Zhang X. Identification of the Extracellular Nuclease Influencing Soaking RNA Interference Efficiency in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012278. [PMID: 36293134 PMCID: PMC9603779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency dramatically varies among different nematodes, which impacts research on their gene function and pest control. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a pine wood nematode in which RNAi-mediated gene silencing has unstable interference efficiency through soaking in dsRNA solutions, the factors of which remain unknown. Using agarose gel electrophoresis, we found that dsRNA can be degraded by nematode secretions in the soaking system which is responsible for the low RNAi efficiency. Based on the previously published genome and secretome data of B. xylophilus, 154 nucleases were screened including 11 extracellular nucleases which are potential factors reducing RNAi efficacy. To confirm the function of nucleases in RNAi efficiency, eight extracellular nuclease genes (BxyNuc1-8) were cloned in the genome. BxyNuc4, BxyNuc6 and BxyNuc7 can be upregulated in response to dsGFP, considered as the major nuclease performing dsRNA degradation. After soaking with the dsRNA of nucleases BxyNuc4/BxyNuc6/BxyNuc7 and Pat10 gene (ineffective in RNAi) simultaneously for 24 h, the expression of Pat10 gene decreased by 23.25%, 26.05% and 11.29%, respectively. With soaking for 36 h, the expression of Pat10 gene decreased by 43.25% and 33.25% in dsBxyNuc6+dsPat10 and dsBxyNuc7+dsPat10 groups, respectively. However, without dsPat10, dsBxyNuc7 alone could cause downregulation of Pat10 gene expression, while dsBxyNuc6 could not disturb this gene. In conclusion, the nuclease BxyNuc6 might be a major barrier to the RNAi efficiency in B. xylophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing l00091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing l00091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62888578
| | - Dongzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing l00091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing l00091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing l00091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaojian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing l00091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhenkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing l00091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuqian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing l00091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xingyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing l00091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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12
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Bensoussan N, Milojevic M, Bruinsma K, Dixit S, Pham S, Singh V, Zhurov V, Grbić M, Grbić V. Localized efficacy of environmental RNAi in Tetranychus urticae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14791. [PMID: 36042376 PMCID: PMC9427735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental RNAi has been developed as a tool for reverse genetics studies and is an emerging pest control strategy. The ability of environmental RNAi to efficiently down-regulate the expression of endogenous gene targets assumes efficient uptake of dsRNA and its processing. In addition, its efficiency can be augmented by the systemic spread of RNAi signals. Environmental RNAi is now a well-established tool for the manipulation of gene expression in the chelicerate acari, including the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Here, we focused on eight single and ubiquitously-expressed genes encoding proteins with essential cellular functions. Application of dsRNAs that specifically target these genes led to whole mite body phenotypes—dark or spotless. These phenotypes were associated with a significant reduction of target gene expression, ranging from 20 to 50%, when assessed at the whole mite level. Histological analysis of mites treated with orally-delivered dsRNAs was used to investigate the spatial range of the effectiveness of environmental RNAi. Although macroscopic changes led to two groups of body phenotypes, silencing of target genes was associated with the distinct cellular phenotypes. We show that regardless of the target gene tested, cells that displayed histological changes were those that are in direct contact with the dsRNA-containing gut lumen, suggesting that the greatest efficiency of the orally-delivered dsRNAs is localized to gut tissues in T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bensoussan
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Maja Milojevic
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kristie Bruinsma
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Sameer Dixit
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.,National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sean Pham
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Miodrag Grbić
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vojislava Grbić
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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13
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Qiao JW, Fan YL, Wu BJ, Bai TT, Wang YH, Zhang ZF, Wang D, Liu TX. Downregulation of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase via RNA interference increases the susceptibility of Acyrthosiphon pisum to desiccation and insecticides. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1105-1119. [PMID: 34723412 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances, and detoxification of insecticides. RNA interference (RNAi) of CPR in certain insects causes developmental defects and enhanced susceptibility to insecticides. However, the CPR of Acyrthosiphon pisum has not been characterized, and its function is still not understood. In this study, we investigated the biochemical functions of A. pisum CPR (ApCPR). ApCPR was found to be transcribed in all developmental stages and was abundant in the embryo stage, and in the gut, head, and abdominal cuticle. After optimizing the dose and silencing duration of RNAi for downregulating ApCPR, we found that ApCPR suppression resulted in a significant decrease in the production of cuticular and internal hydrocarbon contents, and of cuticular waxy coatings. Deficiency in cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) decreased the survival rate of A. pisum under desiccation stress and increased its susceptibility to contact insecticides. Moreover, desiccation stress induced a significant increase in ApCPR mRNA levels. We further confirmed that ApCPR participates in CHC production. These results indicate that ApCPR modulates CHC production, desiccation tolerance, and insecticide susceptibility in A. pisum, and presents a novel target for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wen Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yong-Liang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing-Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tian-Tian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhan-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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14
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Willow J, Veromann E. Highly Variable Dietary RNAi Sensitivity Among Coleoptera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:790816. [PMID: 34950174 PMCID: PMC8688912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.790816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many herbivorous beetles (Order Coleoptera) contribute to serious losses in crop yields and forest trees, and plant biotechnology solutions are being developed with the hope of limiting these losses. Due to the unprecedented target-specificity of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and its utility in inducing RNA interference (RNAi) when consumed by target pest species, dsRNA-based plant biotechnology approaches represent the cutting edge of current pesticide research and development. We review dietary RNAi studies in coleopterans and discuss prospects and future directions regarding RNAi-based management of coleopteran plant pests. Herein, we also provide a balanced overview of existing studies in order to provide an accurate re-assessment of dietary RNAi sensitivity in coleopterans, despite the limitations to the existing body of scientific literature. We further discuss impediments to our understanding of RNAi sensitivity in this important insect order and identify critical future directions for research in this area, with an emphasis on using plant biotechnology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Willow
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Agrozoology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eve Veromann
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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15
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Mehlhorn S, Hunnekuhl VS, Geibel S, Nauen R, Bucher G. Establishing RNAi for basic research and pest control and identification of the most efficient target genes for pest control: a brief guide. Front Zool 2021; 18:60. [PMID: 34863212 PMCID: PMC8643023 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful tool for knocking-down gene function in diverse taxa including arthropods for both basic biological research and application in pest control. The conservation of the RNAi mechanism in eukaryotes suggested that it should-in principle-be applicable to most arthropods. However, practical hurdles have been limiting the application in many taxa. For instance, species differ considerably with respect to efficiency of dsRNA uptake from the hemolymph or the gut. Here, we review some of the most frequently encountered technical obstacles when establishing RNAi and suggest a robust procedure for establishing this technique in insect species with special reference to pests. Finally, we present an approach to identify the most effective target genes for the potential control of agricultural and public health pests by RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Mehlhorn
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, R&D, Pest Control, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vera S Hunnekuhl
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Geibel
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, R&D, Pest Control, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, R&D, Pest Control, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Gregor Bucher
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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16
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Choudhary C, Meghwanshi KK, Shukla N, Shukla JN. Innate and adaptive resistance to RNAi: a major challenge and hurdle to the development of double stranded RNA-based pesticides. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:498. [PMID: 34881161 PMCID: PMC8595431 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional gene silencing process where short interfering RNAs degrade targeted mRNA. Exploration of gene function through reverse genetics is the major achievement of RNAi discovery. Besides, RNAi can be used as a potential strategy for the control of insect pests. This has led to the idea of developing RNAi-based pesticides. Differential RNAi efficiency in the different insect orders is the biggest biological obstacle in developing RNAi-based pesticides. dsRNA stability, the sensitivity of core RNAi machinery, uptake of dsRNA and amplification and spreading of the RNAi signal are the key factors responsible for RNAi efficiency in insects. This review discusses the physiological and adaptive factors responsible for reduced RNAi in insects that pose a major challenge in developing dsRNA- based pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Distt. Ajmer, Kishangarh, Rajasthan 305817 India
| | - Keshav Kumar Meghwanshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Distt. Ajmer, Kishangarh, Rajasthan 305817 India
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Statue Circle, Prithviraj Rd, C-Scheme, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302001 India
| | - Jayendra Nath Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Distt. Ajmer, Kishangarh, Rajasthan 305817 India
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17
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Fan YH, Song HF, Abbas M, Wang YL, Li T, Ma EB, Cooper AMW, Silver K, Zhu KY, Zhang JZ. A dsRNA-degrading nuclease (dsRNase2) limits RNAi efficiency in the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis). INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1677-1689. [PMID: 33140888 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of RNA interference (RNAi) varies substantially among different insect species. Rapid degradation of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) by dsRNA-degrading nucleases (dsRNases) has been implicated to cause low RNAi efficiency in several insect species. In this study, we identified four dsRNase genes (OfdsRNase1, OfdsRNase2, OfdsRNase3 and OfdsRNase4) from the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) transcriptome database. Bioinformatic analyses showed that each deduced protein sequence contained endonuclease NS domains and signal peptides. Gene expression analysis revealed that OfdsRNase2 was exclusively expressed in the midgut of larvae. RNAi efficiency was investigated in 2-d-old fifth-instar larvae (high expression of dsRNase2) and 2-d-old pupae (low expression of dsRNase2) by feeding or injecting dsRNA targeting a marker gene that encodes the lethal giant larvae protein (OfLgl). Our results showed that OfLgl only partially silenced the expression of OfLgl in pupae, but not in larvae, suggesting that OfdsRNase2 could contribute to lower RNAi efficiency in larval stages. This hypothesis was supported by our RNAi-of-RNAi experiment using a tissue culture technique where the silencing efficiency against the reporter gene, OfHex1, was significantly improved after knockdown of OfdsRNase2. When double luciferase assays were performed to evaluate the role of the four dsRNases in vitro, only OfdsRNase2 expressed in S2 cells significantly affected RNAi efficiency by degrading dsRNA. Taken together, our results suggested that the degradation of dsRNA by OfdsRNase2 in the midgut contributed to low RNAi efficiency in O. furnacalis larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-He Fan
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui-Fang Song
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Mureed Abbas
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan-Li Wang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - En-Bo Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Kristopher Silver
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Jian-Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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18
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Moreira-Pinto CE, Coelho RR, Leite AGB, Silveira DA, de Souza DA, Lopes RB, Macedo LLP, Silva MCM, Ribeiro TP, Morgante CV, Antonino JD, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Increasing Anthonomus grandis susceptibility to Metarhizium anisopliae through RNAi-induced AgraRelish knockdown: a perspective to combine biocontrol and biotechnology. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4054-4063. [PMID: 33896113 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hemolymph and insect gut together have an essential role in the immune defense against microorganisms, including the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMP). AMPs are mainly induced by two specific signaling pathways, Toll and immune deficiency (IMD). Here, we characterize the expression profile of four genes from both pathways and describe the importance of AgraRelish in the immune defense of Anthonomus grandis against the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae by RNA interference (RNAi). RESULTS To characterize the pathway that is activated early during the A. grandis-M. anisopliae interaction, we assessed the expression profiles of AgraMyD88 and AgraDorsal (Toll pathway), AgraIMD and AgraRelish (IMD pathway), and several AMP genes. Interestingly, we found that IMD pathway genes are upregulated early, and Toll pathway genes are upregulated just 3 days after inoculation (DAI). Furthermore, nine AMPs were upregulated 24 h after fungus inoculation, including attacins, cecropins, coleoptericins, and defensins. AgraRelish knockdown resulted in a reduction in median lethal time (LT50 ) for M. anisopliae-treated insects of around 2 days compared to control treatments. In addition, AgraRelish remained knocked down at 3 DAI. Finally, we identified that AgraRelish knockdown increased fungal loads at 2 DAI compared to control treatments, possibly indicating a faster infection. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate the influence of the IMD pathway on the antifungal response in A. grandis. Combining biocontrol and RNAi could significantly improve cotton boll weevil management. Hence, AgraRelish is a potential target for the development of biotechnological tools aimed at improving the efficacy of M. anisopliae against A. grandis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clidia E Moreira-Pinto
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Roberta R Coelho
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ana G B Leite
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Silveira
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Rogerio B Lopes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L P Macedo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria C M Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Thuanne P Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
- Embrapa Semi-Arid, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - José D Antonino
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria F Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
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19
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Chen JZ, Jiang YX, Li MW, Li JW, Zha BH, Yang G. Double-Stranded RNA-Degrading Enzymes Reduce the Efficiency of RNA Interference in Plutella xylostella. INSECTS 2021; 12:712. [PMID: 34442278 PMCID: PMC8396913 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DsRNA-degrading enzymes (dsRNases) have been recognized as important factors in reducing RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency in different insect species. However, dsRNases in Plutella xylostella are still unknown. We identified the full-length cDNAs of PxdsRNase1, PxdsRNase2, PxdsRNase3, and PxdsRNase4. Gene expression profile showed that PxdsRNase1 was mainly expressed in the hemolymph; and that PxdsRNase2 and PxdsRNase3 were mainly expressed in the intestinal tract. The expression of PxCht (Chitinase of P. xylostella) in P. xylostella larvae injected with the mixture of dsPxCht (dsRNA of PxCht) and dsPxdsRNase1 (dsRNA of PxdsRNase1), dsPxdsRNase2 (dsRNA of PxdsRNase2), or dsPxdsRNase3 (dsRNA of PxdsRNase3) was significantly higher than that in the larvae injected with the mixture of dsGFP (dsRNA of green fluorescent protein gene, GFP) and dsPxCht; the transcription level of PxCht in the larvae feeding on the mixture of dsPxCht and dsPxdsRNase1, dsPxdsRNase2, or dsPxdsRNase3 was significantly higher than that in the larvae feeding on the mixture of dsPxCht and dsGFP. The recombinant protein of PxdsRNase1 degraded dsRNA rapidly, PxdsRNase3 cleaved dsRNA without complete degradation, and PxdsRNase2 could not degrade dsRNA in vitro. These results suggested that PxdsRNases1, PxdsRNases2, and PxdsRNases3 were involved in the dsRNA degradation to reduce RNAi efficiency with different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.-Z.C.); (Y.-X.J.); (M.-W.L.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-H.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Control of Insect Pests (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ying-Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.-Z.C.); (Y.-X.J.); (M.-W.L.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-H.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Control of Insect Pests (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Miao-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.-Z.C.); (Y.-X.J.); (M.-W.L.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-H.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Control of Insect Pests (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jian-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.-Z.C.); (Y.-X.J.); (M.-W.L.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-H.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Control of Insect Pests (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ben-Hu Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.-Z.C.); (Y.-X.J.); (M.-W.L.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-H.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Control of Insect Pests (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.-Z.C.); (Y.-X.J.); (M.-W.L.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-H.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Control of Insect Pests (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Salvador R, Niz JM, Nakaya PA, Pedarros A, Hopp HE. Midgut Genes Knockdown by Oral dsRNA Administration Produces a Lethal Effect on Cotton Boll Weevil. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:121-128. [PMID: 33025569 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The "cotton boll weevil" (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) is a key pest in America whose larval stage develops within the cotton flower bud. During its development, the larva uses the flower bud as food and as a shelter from predators. This behavior limits the effective control through conventional insecticide applications and biocontrol techniques. Increasing genetic information from insects has allowed the development of new control technologies based on the use of RNA interference (RNAi) to design orally delivered double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) strategies. In this study, we evaluated the effect of continuous oral administration of six specific dsRNA in order to identify an effective target gene for RNAi-mediated control of cotton boll weevil. First, six selected A. grandis gene fragments were amplified and cloned to perform in vivo synthesis of the specific dsRNA, and subsequently, larvae and adults were fed with this dsRNA for 2 weeks. Larvae mortality ranged from 40 to 60% depending on the targeted gene sequence. Indeed, α-amylase and cytochrome p450 dsRNAs were the most effective. Oral administration in adults caused smaller but still significant death rates (15-30%). Thus, the results demonstrated RNAi responses depend on life stages and target genes. The dsRNA ingestion was capable of providing knockdown mRNA levels in cotton boll weevil midgut and this effect was significantly higher in the larval stage. In this study, we present a new report of silencing of midgut genes in A. grandis larva induced by continuously feeding with dsRNA. This potential new tool should be further evaluated in cotton boll weevil control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Salvador
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - José M Niz
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Nakaya
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Pedarros
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Esteban Hopp
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Lab de Agrobiotecnología DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Univ de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Adeyinka OS, Riaz S, Toufiq N, Yousaf I, Bhatti MU, Batcho A, Olajide AA, Nasir IA, Tabassum B. Advances in exogenous RNA delivery techniques for RNAi-mediated pest control. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6309-6319. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Elhaj Baddar Z, Gurusamy D, Laisney J, Tripathi P, Palli SR, Unrine JM. Polymer-Coated Hydroxyapatite Nanocarrier for Double-Stranded RNA Delivery. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6811-6818. [PMID: 32491848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conventional synthetic insecticides have limited success due to insect resistance and negative effects on off-target biota and the environment. Although RNA interference (RNAi) is a tool that is becoming more widely utilized in pest control products, naked dsRNA has limited success in most taxa. Nanocarriers have shown promising results in enhancing the efficacy of this tool. In this study, we used a layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly where we synthesized poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-coated hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (PAA-HA NPs) as inorganic nanocarriers, which were then coated with a layer of a cationic poly(amino acid), 10 kDa poly-l-arginine (PLR10), to allow for binding of a layer of negatively charged dsRNA. Binding of PLR10-PAA-HA NPs to dsRNA was found to increase as the mass ratio of NPs to dsRNA increased. In vitro studies with transgenic SF9 cells (from Spodoptera frugiperda) expressing the firefly luciferase gene showed a significant gene silencing (35% decrease) at a 5:1 NP-to-dsRNA ratio, while naked dsRNA was ineffective at gene silencing. There was a significant concentration-response relationship in knockdown; however, cytotoxicity was observed at higher concentrations. Confocal microscopy studies showed that dsRNA from PLR10-PAA-HA NPs was not localized within endosomes, while naked dsRNA appeared to be entrapped within the endosomes. Overall, polymer-functionalized HA nanocarriers enabled dsRNA to elicit gene knockdown in cells, whereas naked dsRNA was not effective in causing gene knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinah Elhaj Baddar
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Dhandapani Gurusamy
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Jérôme Laisney
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Priyanka Tripathi
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Subba R Palli
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
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23
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Basso MF, Arraes FBM, Grossi-de-Sa M, Moreira VJV, Alves-Ferreira M, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Insights Into Genetic and Molecular Elements for Transgenic Crop Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:509. [PMID: 32499796 PMCID: PMC7243915 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and the exploration of new areas of cultivation have impacted the yields of several economically important crops worldwide. Both conventional plant breeding based on planned crosses between parents with specific traits and genetic engineering to develop new biotechnological tools (NBTs) have allowed the development of elite cultivars with new features of agronomic interest. The use of these NBTs in the search for agricultural solutions has gained prominence in recent years due to their rapid generation of elite cultivars that meet the needs of crop producers, and the efficiency of these NBTs is closely related to the optimization or best use of their elements. Currently, several genetic engineering techniques are used in synthetic biotechnology to successfully improve desirable traits or remove undesirable traits in crops. However, the features, drawbacks, and advantages of each technique are still not well understood, and thus, these methods have not been fully exploited. Here, we provide a brief overview of the plant genetic engineering platforms that have been used for proof of concept and agronomic trait improvement, review the major elements and processes of synthetic biotechnology, and, finally, present the major NBTs used to improve agronomic traits in socioeconomically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrício Barbosa Monteiro Arraes
- Plant Biotechnology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maíra Grossi-de-Sa
- Plant Biotechnology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Valdeir Junio Vaz Moreira
- Plant Biotechnology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Plant Biotechnology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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24
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Kaur R, Gupta M, Singh S, Joshi N, Sharma A. Enhancing RNAi Efficiency to Decipher the Functional Response of Potential Genes in Bemisia tabaci AsiaII-1 (Gennadius) Through dsRNA Feeding Assays. Front Physiol 2020; 11:123. [PMID: 32194431 PMCID: PMC7061899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a global invasive pest that causes substantial losses to agricultural crops worldwide either by direct feeding or vectoring numerous plant viruses. Management with insecticides remains a big challenge due to its rapid resistance development potential as well as the impact of these chemicals on non-target organisms. Thus, in search of alternate and novel pest management strategies RNA interference (RNAi) has come up as potential future tool in this direction. The present study targets nine potential genes (Aquaporin (AQP), Calcitonin (CAL), CyclophilinB (CYCP), Knottin-1 (k-1), Heat shock proteins (Hsp20, Hsp40 and Hsp70), SWItch/Sucrose Non-fermentable (SNF7) and inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) of whitefly that have been implicated to play a role in various vital physiological functions and virus transmission. The RNAi mediated knockdown efficiency of these genes has been improved through the conjugation of respective target gene dsRNA with CQD (carbon quantum dots) nanoparticles or simultaneous knockdown of dsRNA specific gut nucleases. The studies revealed that feeding of dsRNA (40 μg/ml sucrose diet) of the target gene(s) either conjugated with CQD or along with dsRNA against dsRNase (dsdsRNase) (40 μg/ml sucrose diet) enhanced the RNAi efficiency by 24-89% compared to whiteflies fed with naked dsRNA of the same target gene. The studies provide insights about the functional role of various genes in whitefly, which can possibly be exploited for the management of this pest in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Mridula Gupta
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot, India
| | - Satnam Singh
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot, India
| | - Neelam Joshi
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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25
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Pinheiro DH, Taylor CE, Wu K, Siegfried BD. Delivery of gene-specific dsRNA by microinjection and feeding induces RNAi response in Sri Lanka weevil, Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus Marshall. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:936-943. [PMID: 31461216 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA interference (RNAi) is widely used in entomological research for functional analysis of genes and is being considered as a new tool for insect pest management. Sri Lanka weevil (SLW) is a highly polyphagous pest of agronomically important plants, but currently only a few control methods are available for this insect. RESULTS In the present study, we evaluated the stability of candidate reference genes β-ACT, α-TUB, EF1-α, RPL12 and GAPDH, and identified EF1-α as the most reliable for gene expression normalization. Four target genes involved in different cellular processes, including Prosα2, RPS13, Snf7 and V-ATPase A were selected to evaluate whether RNAi response in SLW adults can be triggered by microinjection and oral feeding of their double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). Three days after injection of the dsRNAs for the target genes, their transcript levels were significantly reduced (up to 91.4%) when compared to the control. Additionally, weevils fed with the target dsRNAs showed significant decreases in gene transcript levels and significant mortality was observed in insects treated with Prosα2 and Snf7 dsRNAs (78.6 to 92.7%). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that microinjection and feeding of dsRNA produce a strong RNAi response in SLW, indicating that RNAi-based strategies could be explored to develop a selective and environmentally safe control method against SLW. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele H Pinheiro
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Caitlin E Taylor
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ke Wu
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Blair D Siegfried
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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26
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Dias NP, Cagliari D, Dos Santos EA, Smagghe G, Jurat-Fuentes JL, Mishra S, Nava DE, Zotti MJ. Insecticidal Gene Silencing by RNAi in the Neotropical Region. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:1-11. [PMID: 31749122 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-019-00722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insecticidal gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) involves a post-transcriptional mechanism with great potential for insect control. Here, we aim to summarize the progress on RNAi research toward control of insect pests in the Neotropical region and discuss factors determining its efficacy and prospects for pest management. We include an overview of the available RNAi information for Neotropical pests in the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera orders. Emphasis is put on significant findings in the use of RNAi against relevant Neotropical pests, including diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.), Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama), and the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman). We also examine the main factors involved in insecticidal RNAi efficiency and major advances to improve screening of lethal genes, formulation, and delivery. Few studies detail resistance mechanisms to RNAi, demonstrating a need for more research. Advances in formulation, delivery, and resistance management tools for insecticidal RNAi in the Neotropics can provide a basis for efficient field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Dias
- Dept of Crop Protection, Federal Univ of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - D Cagliari
- Dept of Crop Protection, Federal Univ of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - E A Dos Santos
- Dept of Crop Protection, Federal Univ of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - G Smagghe
- Dept of Plants and Crops, Ghent Univ, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J L Jurat-Fuentes
- Dept of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - S Mishra
- Dept of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - D E Nava
- Entomology Lab, EmbrapaClima Temperado, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - M J Zotti
- Dept of Crop Protection, Federal Univ of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
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27
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Tayler A, Heschuk D, Giesbrecht D, Park JY, Whyard S. Efficiency of RNA interference is improved by knockdown of dsRNA nucleases in tephritid fruit flies. Open Biol 2019; 9:190198. [PMID: 31795920 PMCID: PMC6936256 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) in insects is routinely used to ascertain gene function, but also has potential as a technology to control pest species. For some insects, such as beetles, ingestion of small quantities of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is able to knock down a targeted gene's expression. However, in other species, ingestion of dsRNA can be ineffective owing to the presence of nucleases within the gut, which degrade dsRNA before it reaches target cells. In this study, we observed that nucleases within the gut of the Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) rapidly degrade dsRNA and reduce RNAi efficacy. By complexing dsRNA with liposomes within the adult insect's diet, RNAi-mediated knockdown of a melanin synthesis gene, yellow, was improved significantly, resulting in strong RNAi phenotypes. RNAi efficiency was also enhanced by feeding both larvae and adults for several days on dsRNAs that targeted two different dsRNase gene transcripts. Co-delivery of both dsRNase-specific dsRNAs and yellow dsRNA resulted in almost complete knockdown of the yellow transcripts. These findings show that the use of liposomes or co-feeding of nuclease-specific dsRNAs significantly improves RNAi inhibition of gene expression in B. tryoni and could be a useful strategy to improve RNAi-based control in other insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Steve Whyard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
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28
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Dias N, Cagliari D, Kremer FS, Rickes LN, Nava DE, Smagghe G, Zotti M. The South American Fruit Fly: An Important Pest Insect With RNAi-Sensitive Larval Stages. Front Physiol 2019; 10:794. [PMID: 31316391 PMCID: PMC6610499 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been used in the development of approaches for pest control. The presence of some essential genes, the so-called “core genes,” in the RNAi machinery is crucial for its efficiency and robust response in gene silencing. Thus, our study was designed to examine whether the RNAi machinery is functional in the South American (SA) fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) and whether the sensitivity to the uptake of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) could generate an RNAi response in this fruit fly species. To prepare a transcriptome database of the SA fruit fly, total RNA was extracted from all the life stages for later cDNA synthesis and Illumina sequencing. After the de novo transcriptome assembly and gene annotation, the transcriptome was screened for RNAi pathway genes, as well as the duplication or loss of genes and novel target genes to dsRNA delivery bioassays. The dsRNA delivery assay by soaking was performed in larvae to evaluate the gene-silencing of V-ATPase, and the upregulation of Dicer-2 and Argonaute-2 after dsRNA delivery was analyzed to verify the activation of siRNAi machinery. We tested the stability of dsRNA using dsGFP with an in vitro incubation of larvae body fluid (hemolymph). We identified 55 genes related to the RNAi machinery with duplication and loss for some genes and selected 143 different target genes related to biological processes involved in post-embryonic growth/development and reproduction of A. fraterculus. Larvae soaked in dsRNA (dsV-ATPase) solution showed a strong knockdown of V-ATPase after 48 h, and the expression of Dicer-2 and Argonaute-2 responded with an increase upon the exposure to dsRNA. Our data demonstrated the existence of a functional RNAi machinery in the SA fruit fly, and we present an easy and robust physiological bioassay with the larval stages that can further be used for screening of target genes at in vivo organisms’ level for RNAi-based control of fruit fly pests. This is the first study that provides evidence of a functional siRNA machinery in the SA fruit fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naymã Dias
- Molecular Entomology and Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Deise Cagliari
- Molecular Entomology and Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Frederico Schmitt Kremer
- Bioinformatics and Proteomics Laboratory, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Leticia Neutzling Rickes
- Molecular Entomology and Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Dori Edson Nava
- Entomology Laboratory, Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moisés Zotti
- Molecular Entomology and Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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29
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Wang K, Peng Y, Fu W, Shen Z, Han Z. Key factors determining variations in RNA interference efficacy mediated by different double-stranded RNA lengths in Tribolium castaneum. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 28:235-245. [PMID: 30325555 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) length may affect RNA interference (RNAi) efficacy. Herein, variation in RNAi efficacy associated with dsRNA molecular length was confirmed via comparison of knockdown results following dsRNA injection into Tribolium castaneum. Through in vitro experiments with T. castaneum midgut, dsRNA accumulation in the midgut, degradation by midgut homogenates and persistence in haemolymph after injection were tested to determine the causes of RNAi efficacy variation. The comparative efficacies of dsRNAs were 480 bp ≈ 240 bp > 120 bp > 60 bp >> 21 bp. The combined midgut dsRNA accumulation and midgut homogenate-induced degradation analyses suggested cellular uptake to be the key barrier for 21 bp dsRNA functioning, but was likely not the main determinant of the variation in longer dsRNAs' (≥60 bp) bioactivity. In vitro RNAi experiment with T. castaneum midgut showed that long dsRNAs all significantly depleted the expression of corresponding genes, suggesting little variation in intracellular RNAi machinery's affinity for different dsRNA lengths. In vivo haemolymph content dynamics of different dsRNAs following injection indicated higher persistence of longer dsRNAs. In addition, comparison of the in vivo and in vitro RNAi efficacy also indicated the importance of haemolymph degradation. Thus, the varied efficacy of long dsRNAs resulted from their degradation by nucleases, which varied with dsRNA length.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | - Y Peng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | - W Fu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | - Z Shen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | - Z Han
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
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Burke WG, Kaplanoglu E, Kolotilin I, Menassa R, Donly C. RNA Interference in the Tobacco Hornworm, Manduca sexta, Using Plastid-Encoded Long Double-Stranded RNA. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:313. [PMID: 30923533 PMCID: PMC6426776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising method for controlling pest insects by silencing the expression of vital insect genes to interfere with development and physiology; however, certain insect Orders are resistant to this process. In this study, we set out to test the ability of in planta-expressed dsRNA synthesized within the plastids to silence gene expression in an insect recalcitrant to RNAi, the lepidopteran species, Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm). Using the Manduca vacuolar-type H+ ATPase subunit A (v-ATPaseA) gene as the target, we first evaluated RNAi efficiency of two dsRNA products of different lengths by directly feeding the in vitro-synthesized dsRNAs to M. sexta larvae. We found that a long dsRNA of 2222 bp was the most effective in inducing lethality and silencing the v-ATPaseA gene, when delivered orally in a water droplet. We further transformed the plastid genome of the M. sexta host plant, Nicotiana tabacum, to produce this long dsRNA in its plastids and performed bioassays with M. sexta larvae on the transplastomic plants. In the tested insects, the plastid-derived dsRNA had no effect on larval survival and no statistically significant effect on expression of the v-ATPaseA gene was observed. Comparison of the absolute quantities of the dsRNA present in transplastomic leaf tissue for v-ATPaseA and a control gene, GFP, of a shorter size, revealed a lower concentration for the long dsRNA product compared to the short control product. We suggest that stability and length of the dsRNA may have influenced the quantities produced in the plastids, resulting in inefficient RNAi in the tested insects. Our results imply that many factors dictate the effectiveness of in planta RNAi, including a likely trade-off effect as increasing the dsRNA product length may be countered by a reduction in the amount of dsRNA produced and accumulated in the plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Burke
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Emine Kaplanoglu
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rima Menassa
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cam Donly
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Ribeiro TP, Basso MF, Carvalho MHD, Macedo LLPD, Silva DMLD, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Oliveira-Neto OBD, Campos-Pinto ERD, Lucena WA, Silva MCMD, Tripode BMD, Abreu-Jardim TPF, Miranda JE, Alves-Ferreira M, Morgante CV, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Stability and tissue-specific Cry10Aa overexpression improves cotton resistance to the cotton boll weevil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biori.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Peng Y, Wang K, Fu W, Sheng C, Han Z. Biochemical Comparison of dsRNA Degrading Nucleases in Four Different Insects. Front Physiol 2018; 9:624. [PMID: 29892232 PMCID: PMC5985623 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Double stranded RNAs (dsRNA) degrading nuclease is responsible for the rapid degradation of dsRNA molecules, and thus accounts for variations in RNA interference (RNAi) efficacy among insect species. Here, the biochemical properties and tissue-specific activities of dsRNA degrading nucleases in four insects (Spodoptera litura, Locusta migratoria, Periplaneta americana, and Zophobas atratus) from different orders were characterized using a modified assay method. The results revealed that all insect dsRNA degrading nucleases tested showed high activity in alkaline environments at optimal Mg2+ concentrations and elevated temperatures. We also found that enzymes from different insects varied in terms of their optimal reaction conditions and kinetic parameters. Whole body enzyme activity differed dramatically between insect species, although enzymes with higher substrate affinities (lower Km) were usually balanced by a smaller Vmax to maintain a proper level of degradative capacity. Furthermore, enzyme activities varied significantly between the four tested tissues (whole body, gut, hemolymph, and carcass) of the insect species. All the insects tested showed several hundred-fold higher dsRNA degrading activity in their gut than in other tissues. Reaction environment analysis demonstrated that physiological conditions in the prepared gut fluid and serum of different insects were not necessarily optimal for dsRNA degrading nuclease activity. Our data describe the biochemical characteristics and tissue distributions of dsRNA degrading activities in various insects, not only explaining why oral delivery of dsRNA often produces lower RNAi effects than injection of dsRNA, but also suggesting that dsRNA-degrading activities are regulated by physiological conditions. These results allow for a better understanding of the properties of dsRNA degrading nucleases, and will aid in the development of successful RNAi strategies in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhaojun Han
- The Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Davis-Vogel C, Ortiz A, Procyk L, Robeson J, Kassa A, Wang Y, Huang E, Walker C, Sethi A, Nelson ME, Sashital DG. Knockdown of RNA interference pathway genes impacts the fitness of western corn rootworm. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7858. [PMID: 29777111 PMCID: PMC5959937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) is a serious agricultural pest known for its high adaptability to various management strategies, giving rise to a continual need for new control options. Transgenic maize expressing insecticidal RNAs represents a novel mode of action for rootworm management that is dependent on the RNA interference (RNAi) pathways of the insect for efficacy. Preliminary evidence suggests that western corn rootworm could develop broad resistance to all insecticidal RNAs through changes in RNAi pathway genes; however, the likelihood of field-evolved resistance occurring through this mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, eight key genes involved in facilitating interference in the microRNA and small interfering RNA pathways were targeted for knockdown in order to evaluate impact on fitness of western corn rootworm. These genes include drosha, dicer-1, dicer-2, pasha, loquacious, r2d2, argonaute 1, and argonaute 2. Depletion of targeted transcripts in rootworm larvae led to changes in microRNA expression, decreased ability to pupate, reduced adult beetle emergence, and diminished reproductive capacity. The observed effects do not support evolution of resistance through changes in expression of these eight genes due to reduced insect fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Davis-Vogel
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA.
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Angel Ortiz
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Lisa Procyk
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Jonathan Robeson
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Adane Kassa
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Emily Huang
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Carl Walker
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Amit Sethi
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Mark E Nelson
- Research and Development, DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Dipali G Sashital
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA, USA
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