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Xia Y, Zhao J, Saeed M, Hussain N, Chen X, Guo Z, Yong Y, Chen H. Molecular Modification Strategies of Nitrilase for Its Potential Application in Agriculture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15106-15121. [PMID: 38949086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Some feed source plants will produce secondary metabolites such as cyanogenic glycosides during metabolism, which will produce some poisonous nitrile compounds after hydrolysis and remain in plant tissues. The consumption of feed-source plants without proper treatment affect the health of the animals' bodies. Nitrilases can convert nitriles and have been used in industry as green biocatalysts. However, due to their bottleneck problems, their application in agriculture is still facing challenges. Acid-resistant nitrilase preparations, high-temperature resistance, antiprotease activity, strong activity, and strict reaction specificity urgently need to be developed. In this paper, the application potential of nitrilase in agriculture, especially in feed processing industry was explored, the source properties and catalytic mechanism of nitrilase were reviewed, and modification strategies for nitrilase application in agriculture were proposed to provide references for future research and application of nitrilase in agricultural and especially in the biological feed scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Xia
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nazar Hussain
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Xihua Chen
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Zhongjian Guo
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Yangchun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Huayou Chen
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
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2
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Chen C, Wu F. Children's cognitive impairment associated with cassava cyanide in Democratic Republic of the Congo: Burden of disease. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002761. [PMID: 38227557 PMCID: PMC10790982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, tens of millions of children rely on cassava as a dietary staple throughout their formative years of brain and behavioral development. Recently, it was discovered that cassava cyanide can impair children's neurocognitive development at relatively low exposures. We revisited the World Health Organization's foodborne disease burden estimate of cassava cyanide, focusing on the new health endpoint of children's cognitive impairment in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The loss of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores was used to measure the endpoint of cognitive impairment caused by cassava cyanide exposure, which was estimated based on the concentration-effect relationship between children's IQ scores and cyanide concentrations in flour. We estimated the burden of intellectual disability (ID) associated with cassava cyanide exposure in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The median content of cyanide in cassava samples collected from DRC was 12.5 mg/kg, causing a median decrement to children's IQ of 2.37 points. The estimated number of children with ID associated with cassava cyanide exposure was 1,643 cases, although 1,567 of these cases (95%) were mild ID. The burden of cognitive impairment attributable to cassava cyanide in DRC alone was 13,862 DALYs per 100,000 children, or 3.01 million for all children under age 5. The results of the study, showing a significant burden of cassava cyanide-related cognitive impairment in children even at relatively low doses, can contribute to the implementation of cost-effective interventions to make cassava consumption safer for children in high-risk rural areas of DRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Felicia Wu
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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3
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Zhong Y, Li Y, Chen Q, Ji S, Xu M, Liu Y, Wu X, Li S, Li K, Lu B. Catalytic efficiency and thermal stability promotion of the cassava linamarase with multiple mutations for better cyanogenic glycoside degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126677. [PMID: 37717874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that cassava cyanogenic glycosides had an acute health risk. Therefore, to solve this problem, the improvement of specific degradation of cyanogenic glycosides of cassava linamarase during processing is the key. In this study, the catalytic activity and thermal stability of enzymes were screened before investigating the degradation efficiency of cyanogenic glycosides with a cassava linamarase mutant K263P-T53F-S366R-V335C-F339C (CASmut) -controlled technique. The CASmut was obtained with the optimum temperature of 45 °C, which was improved by 10 °C. The specific activity of CASmut was 85.1 ± 4.6 U/mg, which was 2.02 times higher than that of the wild type. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis and flexible docking showed there were more hydrogen bonding interactions at the pocket, and the aliphatic glycoside of the linamarin was partially surrounded by hydrophobic residues. The optimum conditions of degradation reactions was screened with CASmut addition of 47 mg/L at 45 °C, pH 6.0. The CASmut combined with ultrasonication improved the degradation from 478.2 ± 10.4 mg/kg to 86.7 ± 7.4 mg/kg. Those results indicating the great potential of CASmut in applying in the cassava food or cyanogenic food. However, challenges in terms of the catalytic mechanism research is worthy of being noticed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Zhong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ye Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shengyang Ji
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Minhao Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shimin Li
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaimian Li
- Tropical Crop Germplasm Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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4
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Zhu K, Wan Y, Zhu B, Wang H, Liu Q, Xie X, Jiang Q, Feng Y, Xiao P, Xiang Z, Song R. Association of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate with dyslexic risk. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138349. [PMID: 36898444 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate are sodium iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors that disturb iodide uptake into the thyroid and have been implicated in child development. However, no data are available on the association between exposure to/related with them and dyslexia. Here, we examined the association of exposure to/related with the three NIS inhibitors with the risk of dyslexia in a case-control study. The three chemicals were detected in urine samples of 355 children with dyslexia and 390 children without dyslexia from three cities in China. The adjusted odds ratios for dyslexia were examined using logistic regression models. The detection frequencies of all the targeted compounds were 100%. After adjusting for multiple covariates, urinary thiocyanate was significantly associated with the risk of dyslexia (P-trend = 0.02). Compared with the lowest quartile, children within the highest quartile had a 2.66-fold risk of dyslexia (95% confidence interval: 1.32, 5.36]. Stratified analyses showed that the association between urinary thiocyanate level and the risk of dyslexia was more pronounced among boys, children with fixed reading time, and those without maternal depression or anxiety during pregnancy. Urinary perchlorate and nitrate levels were not associated with the risk of dyslexia. This study suggests the possible neurotoxicity of thiocyanate or its parent compounds in dyslexia. Further investigation is warranted to confirm our findings and clarify the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Laboratory Center for Public Health Service, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, China.
| | - Bing Zhu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Haoxue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyan Xie
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pei Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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5
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Gomez MA, Berkoff KC, Gill BK, Iavarone AT, Lieberman SE, Ma JM, Schultink A, Karavolias NG, Wyman SK, Chauhan RD, Taylor NJ, Staskawicz BJ, Cho MJ, Rokhsar DS, Lyons JB. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of CYP79D1 and CYP79D2 in cassava attenuates toxic cyanogen production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1079254. [PMID: 37007603 PMCID: PMC10064795 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1079254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a starchy root crop that supports over a billion people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This staple, however, produces the neurotoxin cyanide and requires processing for safe consumption. Excessive consumption of insufficiently processed cassava, in combination with protein-poor diets, can have neurodegenerative impacts. This problem is further exacerbated by drought conditions which increase this toxin in the plant. To reduce cyanide levels in cassava, we used CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis to disrupt the cytochrome P450 genes CYP79D1 and CYP79D2 whose protein products catalyze the first step in cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis. Knockout of both genes eliminated cyanide in leaves and storage roots of cassava accession 60444; the West African, farmer-preferred cultivar TME 419; and the improved variety TMS 91/02324. Although knockout of CYP79D2 alone resulted in significant reduction of cyanide, mutagenesis of CYP79D1 did not, indicating these paralogs have diverged in their function. The congruence of results across accessions indicates that our approach could readily be extended to other preferred or improved cultivars. This work demonstrates cassava genome editing for enhanced food safety and reduced processing burden, against the backdrop of a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Gomez
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kodiak C. Berkoff
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Baljeet K. Gill
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Anthony T. Iavarone
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Samantha E. Lieberman
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jessica M. Ma
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Alex Schultink
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas G. Karavolias
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Stacia K. Wyman
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | - Nigel J. Taylor
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Brian J. Staskawicz
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Myeong-Je Cho
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Daniel S. Rokhsar
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
- Chan-Zuckerberg BioHub, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jessica B. Lyons
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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6
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Bramble MS, Vashist N, Ko A, Priya S, Musasa C, Mathieu A, Spencer DA, Lupamba Kasendue M, Mamona Dilufwasayo P, Karume K, Nsibu J, Manya H, Uy MNA, Colwell B, Boivin M, Mayambu JPB, Okitundu D, Droit A, Mumba Ngoyi D, Blekhman R, Tshala-Katumbay D, Vilain E. The gut microbiome in konzo. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5371. [PMID: 34508085 PMCID: PMC8433213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Konzo, a distinct upper motor neuron disease associated with a cyanogenic diet and chronic malnutrition, predominately affects children and women of childbearing age in sub-Saharan Africa. While the exact biological mechanisms that cause this disease have largely remained elusive, host-genetics and environmental components such as the gut microbiome have been implicated. Using a large study population of 180 individuals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where konzo is most frequent, we investigate how the structure of the gut microbiome varied across geographical contexts, as well as provide the first insight into the gut flora of children affected with this debilitating disease using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Our findings indicate that the gut microbiome structure is highly variable depending on region of sampling, but most interestingly, we identify unique enrichments of bacterial species and functional pathways that potentially modulate the susceptibility of konzo in prone regions of the Congo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Bramble
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Neerja Vashist
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Arthur Ko
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sambhawa Priya
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Céleste Musasa
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alban Mathieu
- Computational Biology Laboratory, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - D' Andre Spencer
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Patrick Mamona Dilufwasayo
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, DR, Congo
| | - Kevin Karume
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, DR, Congo
| | - Joanna Nsibu
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, DR, Congo
| | - Hans Manya
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, DR, Congo
| | - Mary N A Uy
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Brian Colwell
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Michael Boivin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology & Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J P Banae Mayambu
- Ministry of Health National Program on Nutrition (PRONANUT), Kinshasa, DR, Congo
| | - Daniel Okitundu
- Centre Neuro-Psychopathologique (CNPP), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Computational Biology Laboratory, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, DR, Congo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR, Congo
| | - Ran Blekhman
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Desire Tshala-Katumbay
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, DR, Congo.
- Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Eric Vilain
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
- International Research Laboratory of Epigenetics, Data, Politics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Washington, DC, USA.
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Chen C, Kashala-Abotnes E, Banea Mayambu JP, Mumba Ngoyi D, Tshala-Katumbay D, Mukeba D, Kunyu M, Boivin MJ, Wu F. Cost-effectiveness of a wetting method intervention to reduce cassava cyanide-related cognitive impairment in children. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:469-472. [PMID: 37117687 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Cassava cyanide-related neurocognitive impairment may persist for years in Central African children who rely on cassava as a dietary staple. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a cassava processing method, the 'wetting method', reduced cyanide in cassava, prevented konzo, and proved a cost-effective intervention to improve children's cognitive development. Scaling up use of the wetting method may help prevent neurocognitive impairment in millions of at-risk children in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Dieudonne Mumba Ngoyi
- Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Désiré Tshala-Katumbay
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Daniel Mukeba
- Department of Neurology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Marcel Kunyu
- Department of Neurology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Michael J Boivin
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neurology & Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Felicia Wu
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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8
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Boivin MJ, Zoumenou R, Sikorskii A, Fievet N, Alao J, Davidson L, Cot M, Massougbodji A, Bodeau-Livinec F. [Formula: see text]Neurodevelopmental assessment at one year of age predicts neuropsychological performance at six years in a cohort of West African Children. Child Neuropsychol 2021; 27:548-571. [PMID: 33525970 PMCID: PMC8035243 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2021.1876012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rural children from Benin, west Africa were evaluated with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) at one year of age and then at six years with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC-II), the visual computerized Tests of Variables of Attention (TOVA), and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test (BOT-2) of motor proficiency (N = 568). Although both the MSEL and KABC-II were available to the assessors in French, instructions to the mother/child were in local language of Fon. Mothers were evaluated with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), Caldwell HOME Scale, educational level and literacy, and a Socio-Economic Scale - also in their local language (Fon). After adjusting for maternal factors, MSEL cognitive composite was correlated with KABC-II with moderate effect sizes, but not with TOVA scores. Overall eta-squared effect for the multivariate models were moderately to strongly correlated (.07 to .37). Neurodevelopmental assessments in early childhood adapted cross-culturally are predictive of school-age neuropsychological cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Boivin
- Michigan State University Departments of Psychiatry and of Neurology & Ophthalmology, University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry
| | | | | | - Nadine Fievet
- Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jules Alao
- Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Leslie Davidson
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Michel Cot
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Achille Massougbodji
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance (CERPAGE), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Florence Bodeau-Livinec
- École des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP), EPOPé team, UMR1153, F-35000 Rennes, France
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9
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Zhong Y, Xu T, Wu X, Li K, Zhang P, Ji S, Li S, Zheng L, Lu B. Dietary exposure and risk assessment of cyanide via cassava consumption in Chinese population. Food Chem 2021; 354:129405. [PMID: 33770563 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The intake of cassava would probably induce adverse health effects since there are toxic cyanide in cassava. However, the risk assessment of cassava consumption has not been reported in China. Therefore, this paper aimed to evaluate the dietary risks of cassava cyanide and proposed a maximum residue limit (MRL) for cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs) in cassava. The retention rate of CNGs and CN- were 61% and 11% after boiling, respectively. The acute dietary exposure of CN- and CNGs were 0.6-fold and 1.7-fold of acute risk reference dose, respectively. There was no chronic health risk across all populations concerning cassava consumption. The MRL of CNGs was proposed as 200 mg/kg in cassava. Risk assessment of cyanide for foods rich in CNGs was suggested to be based on CNGs quantification rather than that of CN-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Zhong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaimian Li
- Tropical Crop Germplasm Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shengyang Ji
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Shimin Li
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lufei Zheng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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10
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Wu F, Rodricks JV. Forty Years of Food Safety Risk Assessment: A History and Analysis. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2020; 40:2218-2230. [PMID: 33135225 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Before the founding of the Society for Risk Analysis (SRA) in 1980, food safety in the United States had long been a concern, but there was a lack of systematic methods to assess food-related risks. In 1906, the U.S. Congress passed, and President Roosevelt signed, the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act to regulate food safety at the federal level. This Act followed the publication of multiple reports of food contamination, culminating in Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle, which highlighted food and worker abuses in the meatpacking industry. Later in the 20th century, important developments in agricultural and food technology greatly increased food production. But chemical exposures from agricultural and other practices resulted in major amendments to federal food laws, including the Delaney Clause, aimed specifically at cancer-causing chemicals. Later in the 20th century, when quantitative risk assessment methods were given greater scientific status in a seminal National Research Council report, food safety risk assessment became more systematized. Additionally, in these last 40 years, food safety research has resulted in increased understanding of a range of health effects from foodborne chemicals, and technological developments have improved U.S. food safety from farm to fork by offering new ways to manage risks. We discuss the history of food safety and the role risk analysis has played in its evolution, starting from over a century ago, but focusing on the last 40 years. While we focus on chemical risk assessment in the U.S., we also discuss microbial risk assessment and international food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Wu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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11
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Rivadeneyra-Domínguez E, Rodríguez-Landa JF. Preclinical and clinical research on the toxic and neurological effects of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) consumption. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:65-74. [PMID: 31802307 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a tropical plant that is used as fresh food, processed food, or raw material for the preparation of flours with high nutritional value. However, cassava contains cyanogenic glycosides, such as linamarin and lotaustralin, that can trigger severe toxic effects and some neurological disorders, including motor impairment, cognitive deterioration, and symptoms that characterize tropical ataxic neuropathy and spastic epidemic paraparesis (Konzo). These alterations that are associated with the consumption of cassava or its derivatives have been reported in both humans and experimental animals. The present review discusses and integrates preclinical and clinical evidence that indicates the toxic and neurological effects of cassava and its derivatives by affecting metabolic processes and the central nervous system. An exhaustive review of the literature was performed using specialized databases that focused on the toxic and neurological effects of the consumption of cassava and its derivatives. We sought to provide structured information that will contribute to understanding the undesirable effects of some foods and preventing health problems in vulnerable populations who consume these vegetables. Cassava contains cyanogenic glycosides that contribute to the development of neurological disorders when they are ingested inappropriately or for prolonged periods of time. Such high consumption can affect neurochemical and neurophysiological processes in particular brain structures and affect peripheral metabolic processes that impact wellness. Although some vegetables have high nutritional value and ameliorate food deficits in vulnerable populations, they can also predispose individuals to the development of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rivadeneyra-Domínguez
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, 91000, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - J F Rodríguez-Landa
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, 91000, Veracruz, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, 91190, Veracruz, Mexico
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12
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Haouzi P, McCann M, Tubbs N, Judenherc-Haouzi A, Cheung J, Bouillaud F. Antidotal Effects of the Phenothiazine Chromophore Methylene Blue Following Cyanide Intoxication. Toxicol Sci 2019; 170:82-94. [PMID: 30907955 PMCID: PMC6592189 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study was aimed at (1) determining the efficacy of the dye methylene blue (MB), following a rapidly lethal cyanide (CN) intoxication in un-sedated rats; (2) clarifying some of the mechanisms responsible for the antidotal properties produced by this potent cyclic redox dye. Sixty-nine awake rats acutely intoxicated by CN (IP, KCN 7 mg/kg) received saline, MB (20 mg/kg) or hydroxocobalamin (HyCo, 150 mg/kg) when in deep coma. Survival in this model was very low, reaching 9% at 60 min without any treatment. Methylene blue significantly increased survival (59%, p < .001) at 60 min, versus 37% with HyCo (p < .01). In addition, 8 urethane-anesthetized rats were exposed to a sublethal CN intoxication (KCN, 0.75 mg/kg/min IV for 4 min); they received MB (20 mg/kg, IV) or saline, 5 min after the end of CN exposure. All MB-treated rats displayed a significant reduction in hyperlactacidemia, a restoration of pyruvate/lactate ratio-a marker of NAD/NADH ratio-and an increase in CO2 production, a marker of the activity of the TCA cycle. These changes were also associated with a 2-fold increase in the pool of CN in red cells. Based on series of in vitro experiments, looking at the effects of MB on NADH, as well as the redox effects of MB on hemoglobin and cytochrome c, we hypothesize that the antidotal properties of MB can in large part be accounted for by its ability to readily restore NAD/NADH ratio and to cyclically re-oxidize then reduce the iron in hemoglobin and the electron chain complexes. All of these effects can account for the rapid antidotal properties of this dye following CN poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Marissa McCann
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Nicole Tubbs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Annick Judenherc-Haouzi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Cheung
- Center of Translational Medicine and Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frederic Bouillaud
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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13
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Zhang L, Zhao M, Chen J, Wang M, Yu X. Reduction of cyanide content of bitter almond and its oil using different treatments. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Min Zhao
- Xi'an Wanlong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 2 Yong'an Road Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiuzhu Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
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Kashala-Abotnes E, Okitundu D, Mumba D, Boivin MJ, Tylleskär T, Tshala-Katumbay D. Konzo: a distinct neurological disease associated with food (cassava) cyanogenic poisoning. Brain Res Bull 2018; 145:87-91. [PMID: 29981837 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidemics of neurodegenerative diseases putatively caused by food toxins have been reported in the tropics with no clear understanding of their pathogenetic mechanisms. These diseases include the disease named Konzo that has been well documented in sub-Sahara Africa, mostly among children and women of childbearing age. Outbreaks of Konzo have occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Tanzania, Central African Republic, Angola, Cameroun, and most recently in Zambia. The main clinical picture consists of a symmetrical, permanent and irreversible spastic paraparesis (motor neuron disease) with no signs of sensory or genitourinary impairments. Recently, cognitive impairments and neurodevelopmental delays have been reported among school-aged and very young children. The exact pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease remain unknown. Epidemiological studies consistently show an association between outbreaks of the disease and chronic dietary reliance on insufficiently processed cyanogenic cassava (manioc or tapioca). Biochemical and toxicological studies suggest that the metabolites of linamarin (α-Hydroxyisobutyronitrile β-D-glucopyranoside, the main cassava cyanogen), notably cyanide (mitochondrial toxin), thiocyanate (AMPA chaotropic agent), and cyanate (protein carbamoylating agent) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Konzo. Experimental data suggest that thiol-redox and protein- folding mechanisms may also be perturbed. Factors of susceptibility including genetics, poor nutrition, poverty and dietary cyanogen exposure, or their interactions have been suggested. Serological studies have ruled out the role of retroviruses such as the human lymphotropic viruses HIV-I/II or HTLV-I/II. Because there is no cure for Konzo, prevention of the disease remains of paramount importance. Prospects for cognitive rehabilitation still need to be explored and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Okitundu
- Department of Neurology, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Dieudonne Mumba
- Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa & National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB), Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Michael J Boivin
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology & Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thorkild Tylleskär
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Desire Tshala-Katumbay
- Department of Neurology, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa & National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB), Democratic Republic of Congo; Department of Neurology & School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
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