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Kayalar C, Rahman Z, Mohamed EM, Dharani S, Khuroo T, Helal N, Kuttolamadom MA, Khan MA. Preparation and Characterization of 3D-Printed Dose-Flexible Printlets of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:171. [PMID: 37566167 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to design pediatric-friendly, dose-flexible orally disintegrating drug delivery systems (printlets) of the antiviral drug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) by selective laser sintering (SLS) for potential use in hospitals along with other antiviral drugs. In order to obtain a consistent quality of printlets with desired properties, it is important to understand certain critical quality attributes for their main and interactions effect. The printlets were optimized by Box-Behnken's design of the experiment by varying process variables while keeping the composition constant. The composition contained 16.3% TDF, 72.7% polyvinyl pyrrolidone K16-18, 8% magnesium aluminum silicate, 3% Candurin® NXT Ruby Red, and 0.3% colloidal silicon dioxide. The process variables studied were surface (X1), chamber temperatures (X2), and laser scanning speed (X3). The range of variable levels was 75-85°C for X1, 50-70°C for X2, and 200-240 mm/s for X3, respectively. The responses studied were hardness, disintegration time, dissolution, physiochemical, and pharmacokinetic characterization. X-ray powder diffraction indicated partial or complete conversion of the crystalline drug into amorphous form in the printlets. Comparative pharmacokinetics between Viread® (generic) and printlets in rats were superimposable. Pharmacokinetic parameters showed statistically insignificant differences between the two formulations in terms of Tmax, Cmax, and AUC of (p > 0.05). Printlets were bioequivalent to Viread® as per FDA bioequivalence criteria. Thus, the SLS printing method showed the fabrication of dose-flexible printlets with quality, and in vivo performance equivalent to commercial tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canberk Kayalar
- Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Suite 159, College Station, Texas, 77843-1114, USA
| | - Ziyaur Rahman
- Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Suite 159, College Station, Texas, 77843-1114, USA
| | - Eman M Mohamed
- Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Suite 159, College Station, Texas, 77843-1114, USA
| | - Sathish Dharani
- Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Suite 159, College Station, Texas, 77843-1114, USA
| | - Tahir Khuroo
- Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Suite 159, College Station, Texas, 77843-1114, USA
| | - Nada Helal
- Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Suite 159, College Station, Texas, 77843-1114, USA
| | - Mathew A Kuttolamadom
- Department of Engineering Technology & Industrial Distribution, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Mansoor A Khan
- Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Suite 159, College Station, Texas, 77843-1114, USA.
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Alessandrini E, Gonakova M, Batchelor H, Gizurarson S, Iurian S, Klein S, Schaufelberger D, Turner R, Walsh J, Tuleu C. Colour of Medicines and Children's Acceptability? A Systematic Literature Review of Children's Perceptions about Colours of Oral Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1992. [PMID: 37514178 PMCID: PMC10384887 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The colour of a product plays an important role in consumer experiences, and in the context of pharmaceutical products, this could potentially affect a patient's expectations, behaviours, and adherence. Several studies have been conducted on adults, but little is known about children's opinions on colours of medicines and to what extent medicines' colour affects their acceptability. To address this gap, a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Web of Science was conducted. Two authors independently screened the titles, abstracts, and references of all articles and selected studies conducted on children (0-18 years old), assessing children's preferences or opinions about colour of oral dosage forms as either a primary or secondary objective or as an anecdotal record. A total of 989 publications were identified and, after screening, 18 publications were included in the review. Red and pink were the most liked colours and there appeared to be a relationship between the colour of a medicine and expected taste/flavour. The review also highlighted a scarcity of information, usually collected as an anecdotal record. Several gaps in the current knowledge were underlined, emphasizing the need of patient-centred studies to understand if the use of certain colours can improve or worsen the acceptability of a paediatric medicine. This will help inform pharmaceutical manufacturers and regulators on the role and need of colours in children's medicines beyond quality purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Alessandrini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Milena Gonakova
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Sveinbjorn Gizurarson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Pharmacy Department, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre P.O. Box 360, Malawi
| | - Sonia Iurian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sandra Klein
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Schaufelberger
- School of Medicine, Neurology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Roy Turner
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Walsh
- Jenny Walsh Consulting Ltd., East Midlands Chamber, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Catherine Tuleu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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Kean EA, Adeleke OA. Orally disintegrating drug carriers for paediatric pharmacotherapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 182:106377. [PMID: 36634740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-compliance, dosing inaccuracy, choking risk, flavour, and instability, are some of the issues associated with paediatric, oral dosage forms - tablets, capsules, solutions, and suspensions. Orally disintegrating drug carriers, a dosage form with growing interest, are thought to overcome several of the challenges associated with these conventional formulations by rapidly disintegrating within the buccal cavity without the need for water. This review serves as an up-to-date report on the various types of orodispersible delivery systems, currently being developed or commercialized, by detailing their characteristics, manufacturing processes, and applications in the paediatric population. Mentioned are orodispersible tablets, films, wafers and lyophilisates, mini-tablets, capsules, granules, electrospun fibers and webs. Also highlighted are the choice of excipients, quality control requirements, and expected pharmacokinetics of orally disintegrating drug carriers concerning the paediatric population. Overall, orodispersible formulations, particularly tablets, films, and lyophilisates/wafers, have shown to be a valuable addition to medication administration in minors, thus the execution of more targeted research and development activities is expected to lead to enhanced paediatric care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Kean
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Oluwatoyin A Adeleke
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Paediatric specific dosage forms: Patient and formulation considerations. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wiedey R, Kokott M, Breitkreutz J. Orodispersible tablets for pediatric drug delivery: current challenges and recent advances. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1873-1890. [PMID: 34822316 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.2011856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Child appropriate dosage forms are indispensable in modern medicine and are a prerequisite for successful pediatric drug therapy. For years, experts have called for a paradigm shift, from liquid dosage forms to novel oral solid dosage forms. This review aims to shed light on recent developments in Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) and mini-tablets (ODMTs). AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the presentation and critical discussion of current challenges as well as recent advances in ODTs for pediatric drug delivery. Highlighted aspects are the evidence for acceptability by children, e.g. in comparison to other dosage forms, and limitations given by tablet size at different ages, as well as advances in special ODT formulations (taste masking, modified release, enabling formulations). EXPERT OPINION It is the authors' belief that OD(M)Ts have significant potential as dosage forms in pediatric therapy that has not yet been fully exploited. The reasons for this are, first, that the number of direct acceptance studies is extremely low and the resulting knowledge is therefore rather anecdotal. Despite the high relevance, there seems to be reluctance both in the therapeutic use and conduction of respective studies in children. However, if one combines the knowledge from the few existing studies, surveys, and from approved products, it becomes apparent that so far there is no evidence on limitations of the use of ODTs in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Wiedey
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacy Department, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel Kokott
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacy Department, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacy Department, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ejeta F, Gabriel T, Joseph NM, Belete A. Formulation, Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablets of Salbutamol Sulphate using a Combination of Superdisintegrant and Subliming Agent. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:129-141. [PMID: 34126894 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210614094646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present research work was aimed to formulate fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) of salbutamol sulphate (SBS) using a combination of superdisintegrant and subliming agent, optimize the formulation and evaluate the in vitro performance of the developed FDTs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A formulation of SBS FDT was developed using a combination of superdisintegrant - crospovidone and subliming agent - ammonium bicarbonate (AB) in which formulation variables, namely levels of crospovidone and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC):Mannitol (MNTL) ratio were evaluated for their effects on the response variables - disintegration time, hardness, friability and wetting time of the resulting FDTs. By employing a central composite design (CCD) methodology, the FDTs were optimized to achieve optimum levels of the formulation factors. RESULTS The desired optimum condition was obtained at 7.82% crospovidone and 70% of 1.56:1 MCC: MNTL ratio while maintaining AB at 5% level for aesthetic reasons. Under the optimized conditions, the disintegration time, hardness, friability and wetting time were 14.57±0.53 sec, 7.17±0.82 kg/cm2, 0.311% and 13.14±0.69 sec, respectively. The experimentally observed responses were found to be in close agreement with the predicted values for the optimized formulation. Moreover, the validity of the obtained optimal point was confirmed by the low magnitude of percent prediction error (<5%). CONCLUSION FDTs of SBS were successfully formulated and optimized using CCD employing a combination of superdisintegrant and subliming agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikadu Ejeta
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Gabriel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nisha Mary Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Belete
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Wu QX, Wang ZD, Zheng MF, Su T, Wang XH, Guan YX, Chen Y. Development of metformin hydrochloride loaded dissolving tablets with novel carboxymethylcellulose/poly-l-lysine/TPP complex. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:411-420. [PMID: 32224176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural polymers like polysaccharides, polypeptides and their derivatives are broadly applied in drug delivery due to excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, the dissolving tablets, formed with carboxymethylcellulose/poly-l-lysine/tripolyphosphate (CMC/PLL/TPP) complex, were prepared using metformin hydrochloride (MetHCl) as model drug. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observation manifested that FITC-labeled PLL interacted with CMC and formed a uniform interior microstructure. Scanning electron microscope images showed the drug-loaded tablets had well-formed shapes with smooth surfaces. MetHCl embedded interior the microstructures of the tablets and represented in a crystal form. Thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the drug-loaded tablets had stable thermal properties with less moisture content (3.52%). Fourier transform infrared spectrometer confirmed that the CMC/PLL/TPP complex was fabricated via the electrostatic interactions between -NH3+, -COO- and -[P2O54-]- groups. The drug-loaded tablets had a high drug loading efficiency of 85.76% and drug encapsulation efficiency of 81.47%, and a shorter wetting time of 2.16 min in SSF (pH 6.8) and lower swelling ratio of 233.34%. The drug loaded in the samples could be released completely within 10 min in simulated saliva fluid (SSF pH 6.8), indicating a rapid drug release and dissolving profile in the environment, which could be developed for dissolving tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Zi-Dan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Meng-Fei Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Su
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Xin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
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Rautamo M, Kvarnström K, Sivén M, Airaksinen M, Lahdenne P, Sandler N. A Focus Group Study about Oral Drug Administration Practices at Hospital Wards-Aspects to Consider in Drug Development of Age-Appropriate Formulations for Children. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020109. [PMID: 32019100 PMCID: PMC7076415 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral drug administration to pediatric patients is characterized by a lack of age-appropriate drug products and the off-label use of medicines. However, drug administration practices at hospital wards is a scarcely studied subject. The aim of this study was to explore the oral drug administration practices at pediatric hospital wards, with a focus on experiences and challenges faced, methods used to mitigate existing problems, drug manipulation habits, perceptions about oral dosage forms and future needs of oral dosage forms for children. This was a qualitative study consisting of focus group discussions with physicians, nurses and clinical pharmacists in a tertiary university hospital with the objective of bringing forward a holistic view on this research topic. These healthcare professionals recognized different administration challenges that were classified as either dosage form-related or patient-related ones. A lack of depot formulations developed especially for children as well as oral pediatric dosage forms of drug substances currently available as intravenous dosage forms was recognized. The preferred oral dosage forms were oral liquids and orodispersible tablets. Patient-centered drug administration practices including factors facilitating drug administration both at hospital wards and at home after patient discharge were identified. Among all healthcare professionals, the efficient cooperation in drug prescribing and administration as well as in educating the child’s caregivers in correct administration techniques before discharge and improving the overall discharge process of patients was emphasized. This study complements the prevalent understanding that new dosage forms for children of varying ages and stages of development are still needed. It also brings a holistic view on different aspects of oral drug administration to pediatric patients and overall patient-centered drug administration practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rautamo
- HUS Pharmacy, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9B, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Kirsi Kvarnström
- HUS Pharmacy, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9B, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mia Sivén
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Marja Airaksinen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Pekka Lahdenne
- Department of Children and Adolescents, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, 00029 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Niklas Sandler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland;
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Hackl E, Ermolina I. Application of Texture Analysis Technique in Formulation Development of Lyophilized Orally Disintegrating Tablets Containing Mannitol, Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Amino Acids. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:71. [PMID: 30631978 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) attract a great attention as this easy swallowing dosage form often improves patient compliance. In the current work, orally disintegrating tablets comprising mannitol, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and an amino acid (alanine, glycine or serine) with various PVP-to-amino acid ratios were formulated. The combination of mannitol and an amino acid was aimed to use the advantages of mannitol, the matrix-supporting and disintegration agent, and to reduce the total amount of sugar/polyol in tablets. Tablets were manufactured by freeze-drying and their properties (appearance, internal structure, disintegration, mechanical and texture properties, moisture uptake, shrinkage, thermal properties) were assessed. In the work, great emphasis was placed on illustrating the applicability of the Texture Analysis of the freeze-dried cakes directly in vials in formulation development. The results show that the appearance, mechanical properties, disintegration and shrinkage of the freeze-dried ODTs depend significantly on the excipient composition with PVP playing the leading role. Partial mannitol replacement with an amino acid has a limited impact on the tablet properties. The presence of an amino acid also has no impact on the PVP-mannitol interaction. The mechanical and texture properties of freeze-dried ODTs depend non-linearly on the PVP content. The transition between the different types of textures occurs in a narrow range of PVP concentrations regardless of the type of amino acid in a formulation. The non-linear effect of PVP on various tablet properties should be taken into account when designing ODT formulations as it can compromise the robustness of the manufacturing process.
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