1
|
Vignali S, Buhner S, Greiter W, Daniel H, Frieling T, Schemann M, Annahazi A. Biopsy samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome, but not from those with mastocytosis or unspecific gastrointestinal complaints reveal unique nerve activation in all gut regions independent of mast cell density, histamine content or specific gastrointestinal symptoms. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1291554. [PMID: 39015376 PMCID: PMC11250647 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1291554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We previously showed enteric nerve activation after application of colonic mucosal biopsy supernatants from patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The question remains whether this is a region-specific or a generalized sensitization. We tested the nerve-activating properties of supernatants from large and small intestinal regions of IBS patients with diarrhea (IBS-D) in comparison to those from mastocytosis patients with diarrhea (MC-D) or non-IBS/non-MC patients with GI-complaints. MC-D patients were included to test samples from patients with an established, severe mast cell disorder, because mast cells are suggested to play a role in IBS. Methods Voltage-sensitive dye imaging was used to record the effects of mucosal biopsy supernatants from IBS-D, MC-D, and non-IBS/non-MC on guinea pig submucous neurons. Mast cell density and histamine concentrations were measured in all samples. Results The median neuroindex (spike frequency × % responding neurons in Hz × %) was significantly (all p < 0.001) increased for IBS-D (duodenum and colon, proximal and distal each, 49.3; 50.5; 63.7; 71.9, respectively) compared to non-IBS/non-MC (duodenum and colon, proximal and distal each, 8.7; 4.9; 6.9; 5.4, respectively) or MC-D supernatants (duodenum and colon, proximal and distal each, 9.4; 11.9; 0.0; 7.9, respectively). Nerve activation by MC-D and non-IBS/non-MC supernatants was comparable (p>0.05). Mast cell density or histamine concentrations were not different between IBS-D, MC-D, and non-IBS/non-MC samples. Discussion Nerve activation by biopsy supernatants is an IBS hallmark that occurs throughout the gut, unrelated to mast cell density or histamine concentration. At least as important is our finding that GI complaints per se were not associated with biopsy supernatant-induced nerve activation, which further stresses the relevance of altered nerve behavior in IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Vignali
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sabine Buhner
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Zoology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Greiter
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Zoology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Chair of Nutrition Physiology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Frieling
- Medical Clinic II, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Schemann
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anita Annahazi
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Zoology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Buhner S, Schäuffele S, Giesbertz P, Demir IE, Zeller F, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Schemann M, Gilles S. Allergen-free extracts from birch, ragweed, and hazel pollen activate human and guinea-pig submucous and spinal sensory neurons. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023:e14559. [PMID: 36989179 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-allergenic, low molecular weight components of pollen grains are suspected to trigger changes in gut functions, sometimes leading to inflammatory conditions. Based on extensive neuroimmune communication in the gut wall, we investigated the effects of aqueous pollen extracts (APE) on enteric and spinal sensory neurons. METHODS Using Ca2+ and fast potentiometric imaging, we recorded the responses of guinea-pig and human submucous and guinea-pig dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to microejection of low (<3 kDa) and high (≥3 kDa) molecular weight APEs of birch, ragweed, and hazel. Histamine was determined pharmacologically and by mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). KEY RESULTS Birch APE<3kDa evoked strong [Ca+2 ]i signals in the vast majority of guinea-pig DRG neurons, and in guinea-pig and human enteric neurons. The effect of birch APE≥3kDa was much weaker. Fast neuroimaging in human enteric neurons revealed an instantaneous spike discharge after microejection of birch, ragweed, and hazel APE<3kDa [median (interquartile range) at 7.0 Hz (6.2/9.8), 5.7 Hz (4.4/7.1), and 8.4 Hz (4.3/12.5), respectively]. The percentage of responding neurons per ganglion were similar [birch 40.0% (33.3/100.0), ragweed 50.8% (34.4/85.6), and hazel 83.3% (57.1/100.0)]. A mixture of histamine receptor (H1-H3) blockers significantly reduced nerve activation evoked by birch and ragweed APEs<3kDa , but was ineffective on hazel. Histamine concentrations in ragweed, birch and hazel APE's < 3 kDa were 0.764, 0.047, and 0.013 μM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Allergen-free APEs from birch, ragweed, and hazel evoked strong nerve activation. Altered nerve-immune signaling as a result of severe pollen exposure could be a pathophysiological feature of allergic and non-allergic gut inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Buhner
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Pieter Giesbertz
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Zeller
- Department of Surgery, Academic Hospital Freising, Freising, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-Care), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schemann
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peach CJ, Edgington-Mitchell LE, Bunnett NW, Schmidt BL. Protease-activated receptors in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:717-785. [PMID: 35901239 PMCID: PMC9662810 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases are signaling molecules that specifically control cellular functions by cleaving protease-activated receptors (PARs). The four known PARs are members of the large family of G protein-coupled receptors. These transmembrane receptors control most physiological and pathological processes and are the target of a large proportion of therapeutic drugs. Signaling proteases include enzymes from the circulation; from immune, inflammatory epithelial, and cancer cells; as well as from commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Advances in our understanding of the structure and function of PARs provide insights into how diverse proteases activate these receptors to regulate physiological and pathological processes in most tissues and organ systems. The realization that proteases and PARs are key mediators of disease, coupled with advances in understanding the atomic level structure of PARs and their mechanisms of signaling in subcellular microdomains, has spurred the development of antagonists, some of which have advanced to the clinic. Herein we review the discovery, structure, and function of this receptor system, highlight the contribution of PARs to homeostatic control, and discuss the potential of PAR antagonists for the treatment of major diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Peach
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Laura E Edgington-Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Torres-Maravilla E, Holowacz S, Delannoy J, Lenoir L, Jacouton E, Gervason S, Meynier M, Boucard AS, Carvalho FA, Barbut F, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Langella P, Waligora-Dupriet AJ. Serpin-positive Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-5644 improves intestinal permeability in two models of irritable bowel syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19776. [PMID: 36396717 PMCID: PMC9672316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic supplementation can help to mitigate the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by reinforcing the intestinal barrier, and reducing both inflammation and proteolytic activity. Here, a combination of in vitro tests was performed on 33 Bifidobacterium strains as probiotic candidates for IBS. In addition to the classical tests performed, the detection of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) enzyme capable of decreasing the high proteolytic activity found in IBS patients was included. Three serpin-positive strains were selected: Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-5644, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CNCM I-5645 and B. longum CNCM I-5646 for their immunomodulation properties and protection of intestinal epithelial integrity in vitro. Furthermore, we found that B. breve CNCM I-5644 strain prevented intestinal hyperpermeability by upregulating Cingulin and Tight Junction Protein 1 mRNA levels and reducing pro-inflammatory markers. The ability of CNCM I-5644 strain to restore intestinal hyperpermeability (FITC-dextran) was shown in the murine model of low-grade inflammation induced by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). This effect of this strain was corroborated in a second model of IBS, the neonatal maternal separation model in mice. Altogether, these data suggest that serpin-positive B. breve CNCM I-5644 may partially prevent disorders associated with increased barrier permeability such as IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Torres-Maravilla
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Holowacz
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Johanne Delannoy
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Lenoir
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Elsa Jacouton
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Sandie Gervason
- grid.494717.80000000115480420INSERM UMR 1107 NeuroDol, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maëva Meynier
- grid.494717.80000000115480420INSERM UMR 1107 NeuroDol, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Boucard
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frédéric A. Carvalho
- grid.494717.80000000115480420INSERM UMR 1107 NeuroDol, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Barbut
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France ,grid.50550.350000 0001 2175 4109National Reference Laboratory for C. Difficile, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Enteric Neuromics: How High-Throughput "Omics" Deepens Our Understanding of Enteric Nervous System Genetic Architecture. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:487-504. [PMID: 36368612 PMCID: PMC9792566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent accessibility to specialized high-throughput "omics" technologies including single cell RNA sequencing allows researchers to capture cell type- and subtype-specific expression signatures. These omics methods are used in the enteric nervous system (ENS) to identify potential subtypes of enteric neurons and glia. ENS omics data support the known gene and/or protein expression of functional neuronal and glial cell subtypes and suggest expression patterns of novel subtypes. Gene and protein expression patterns can be further used to infer cellular function and implications in human disease. In this review we discuss how high-throughput "omics" data add additional depth to the understanding of established functional subtypes of ENS cells and raise new questions by suggesting novel ENS cell subtypes with unique gene and protein expression patterns. Then we investigate the changes in these expression patterns during pathology observed by omics research. Although current ENS omics studies provide a plethora of novel data and therefore answers, they equally create new questions and routes for future study.
Collapse
|
6
|
Decraecker L, Boeckxstaens G, Denadai-Souza A. Inhibition of Serine Proteases as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Abdominal Pain in IBS. Front Physiol 2022; 13:880422. [PMID: 35665224 PMCID: PMC9161638 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.880422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases are heavily present in the gastrointestinal tract where they are essential in numerous physiological processes. An imbalance in the proteolytic activity is a central mechanism underlying abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, protease inhibitors are emerging as a promising therapeutic tool to manage abdominal pain in this functional gastrointestinal disorder. With this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the implications of serine proteases in the development of abdominal pain in IBS, along with a critical assessment of the current developments and prospects of protease inhibitors as a therapeutic tool. In particular, we highlight the current knowledge gap concerning the identity of dysregulated serine proteases that are released by the rectal mucosa of IBS patients. Finally, we suggest a workflow with state-of-the-art techniques that will help address the knowledge gap, guiding future research towards the development of more effective and selective protease inhibitors to manage abdominal pain in IBS.
Collapse
|
7
|
Duboux S, Van Wijchen M, Kleerebezem M. The Possible Link Between Manufacturing and Probiotic Efficacy; a Molecular Point of View on Bifidobacterium. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:812536. [PMID: 35003044 PMCID: PMC8741271 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.812536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics for food or supplement use have been studied in numerous clinical trials, addressing a broad variety of diseases, and conditions. However, discrepancies were observed in the clinical outcomes stemming from the use of lactobacillaceae and bifidobacteria strains. These differences are often attributed to variations in the clinical trial protocol like trial design, included target population, probiotic dosage, or outcome parameters measured. However, a contribution of the methods used to produce the live bioactive ingredients should not be neglected as a possible additional factor in the observed clinical outcome variations. It is well established that manufacturing conditions play a role in determining the survival and viability of probiotics, but much less is known about their influence on the probiotic molecular composition and functionality. In this review, we briefly summarize the evidence obtained for Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1, highlighting that expression and presence of probiotic niche factor (NF) and/or effector molecules (EM) may be altered during production of those two well-characterized lactobacillaceae probiotic strains. Subsequently, we summarize in more depth what is the present state of knowledge about bifidobacterial probiotic NF and EM; how their expression may be modified by manufacturing related environmental factors and how that may affect their biological activity in the host. This review highlights the importance of gathering knowledge on probiotic NF and EM, to validate them as surrogate markers of probiotic functionality. We further propose that monitoring of validated NF and/or EM during production and/or in the final preparation could complement viable count assessments that are currently applied in industry. Overall, we suggest that implementation of molecular level quality controls (i.e., based on validated NF and EM), could provide mode of action based in vitro tests contributing to better control the health-promoting reliability of probiotic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Duboux
- Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Myrthe Van Wijchen
- Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Annaházi A, Schemann M. Contribution of the Enteric Nervous System to Autoimmune Diseases and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1383:1-8. [PMID: 36587141 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05843-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Anti-neuronal autoantibodies can lead to subacute gastrointestinal dysmotility, presenting with various symptoms typical of intestinal pseudoobstruction, achalasia, gastroparesis, or slow intestinal transit, among others. Such autoantibodies may be produced in response to a remote tumor and accelerate the diagnosis of malignancy, but in other cases they appear without an identifiable underlying cause. One example is the type I anti-neuronal nuclear antibody (ANNA-1 otherwise known as anti-Hu), which is usually linked to small cell-lung carcinoma. Anti-Hu can directly activate enteric neurons and visceral sensory nerve fibers and has a cytotoxic effect. Various other anti-neuronal antibodies have been described, targeting different ion channels or receptors on nerve cells of the central or the enteric nervous system. Autoimmune processes targeting enteric neurons may also play a role in more common disorders such as esophageal achalasia, celiac disease, or multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, anti-enteric neuronal antibodies have been found more abundant in the common functional gastrointestinal disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), than in controls. The pathogenesis of IBS is very complex, involving the release of various mediators from immune cells in the gut wall. Products of mast cells, such as histamine and tryptase, excite visceral afferents and enteric neurons, which may contribute to symptoms like abdominal pain and disturbed motility. Elevated serine- and cysteine-protease activity in stool of IBS-D and IBS-C patients, respectively, can be a factor leading to leaky gut and visceral hypersensitivity. More knowledge on these mediators in IBS may facilitate the development of novel diagnostic methods or therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Annaházi
- Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Schemann
- Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Layer P, Andresen V, Allescher H, Bischoff SC, Claßen M, Elsenbruch S, Freitag M, Frieling T, Gebhard M, Goebel-Stengel M, Häuser W, Holtmann G, Keller J, Kreis ME, Kruis W, Langhorst J, Jansen PL, Madisch A, Mönnikes H, Müller-Lissner S, Niesler B, Pehl C, Pohl D, Raithel M, Röhrig-Herzog G, Schemann M, Schmiedel S, Schwille-Kiuntke J, Storr M, Preiß JC, Andus T, Buderus S, Ehlert U, Engel M, Enninger A, Fischbach W, Gillessen A, Gschossmann J, Gundling F, Haag S, Helwig U, Hollerbach S, Karaus M, Katschinski M, Krammer H, Kuhlbusch-Zicklam R, Matthes H, Menge D, Miehlke S, Posovszky MC, Schaefert R, Schmidt-Choudhury A, Schwandner O, Schweinlin A, Seidl H, Stengel A, Tesarz J, van der Voort I, Voderholzer W, von Boyen G, von Schönfeld J, Wedel T. Update S3-Leitlinie Reizdarmsyndrom: Definition, Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Gemeinsame Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurogastroenterologie und Motilität (DGNM) – Juni 2021 – AWMF-Registriernummer: 021/016. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2021; 59:1323-1415. [PMID: 34891206 DOI: 10.1055/a-1591-4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Layer
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - V Andresen
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - H Allescher
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Gastroent., Hepatologie u. Stoffwechsel, Klinikum Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Deutschland
| | - S C Bischoff
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Deutschland
| | - M Claßen
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - S Elsenbruch
- Klinik für Neurologie, Translational Pain Research Unit, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland.,Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - M Freitag
- Abteilung Allgemeinmedizin Department für Versorgungsforschung, Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Deutschland
| | - T Frieling
- Medizinische Klinik II, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Deutschland
| | - M Gebhard
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Pathologie-Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - M Goebel-Stengel
- Innere Medizin II, Helios Klinik Rottweil, Rottweil, und Innere Medizin VI, Psychosomat. Medizin u. Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - W Häuser
- Innere Medizin I mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Deutschland
| | - G Holtmann
- Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australien
| | - J Keller
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - M E Kreis
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - J Langhorst
- Klinik für Integrative Medizin und Naturheilkunde, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Klinikum am Bruderwald, Bamberg, Deutschland
| | - P Lynen Jansen
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - A Madisch
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, interventionelle Endoskopie und Diabetologie, Klinikum Siloah, Klinikum Region Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - H Mönnikes
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Martin-Luther-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - B Niesler
- Abteilung Molekulare Humangenetik Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - C Pehl
- Medizinische Klinik, Krankenhaus Vilsbiburg, Vilsbiburg, Deutschland
| | - D Pohl
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - M Raithel
- Medizinische Klinik II m.S. Gastroenterologie und Onkologie, Waldkrankenhaus St. Marien, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | | | - M Schemann
- Lehrstuhl für Humanbiologie, TU München, Deutschland
| | - S Schmiedel
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Deutschland
| | - J Schwille-Kiuntke
- Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland.,Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - M Storr
- Zentrum für Endoskopie, Gesundheitszentrum Starnberger See, Starnberg, Deutschland
| | - J C Preiß
- Klinik für Innere Medizin - Gastroenterologie, Diabetologie und Hepatologie, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
De bruyn M, Ceuleers H, Hanning N, Berg M, De Man JG, Hulpiau P, Hermans C, Stenman UH, Koistinen H, Lambeir AM, De Winter BY, De Meester I. Proteolytic Cleavage of Bioactive Peptides and Protease-Activated Receptors in Acute and Post-Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10711. [PMID: 34639054 PMCID: PMC8509398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome has been studied extensively using synthetic fluorogenic substrates targeting specific sets of proteases. We explored activities in colonic tissue from a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rat model by investigating the cleavage of bioactive peptides. Pure trypsin- and elastase-like proteases on the one hand and colonic tissue from rats with TNBS-induced colitis in the acute or post-inflammatory phase on the other, were incubated with relevant peptides to identify their cleavage pattern by mass spectrometry. An increased cleavage of several peptides was observed in the colon from acute colitis rats. The tethered ligand (TL) sequences of peptides mimicking the N-terminus of protease-activated receptors (PAR) 1 and 4 were significantly unmasked by acute colitis samples and these cleavages were positively correlated with thrombin activity. Increased cleavage of β-endorphin and disarming of the TL-sequence of the PAR3-based peptide were observed in acute colitis and linked to chymotrypsin-like activity. Increased processing of the enkephalins points to the involvement of proteases with specificities different from trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like enzymes. In conclusion, our results suggest thrombin, chymotrypsin-like proteases and a set of proteases with different specificities as potential therapeutic targets in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle De bruyn
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (A.-M.L.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
| | - Hannah Ceuleers
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Nikita Hanning
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maya Berg
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
| | - Joris G. De Man
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- Bioinformatics Knowledge Center (BiKC), Howest University of Applied Sciences, 8000 Bruges, Belgium; (P.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Cedric Hermans
- Bioinformatics Knowledge Center (BiKC), Howest University of Applied Sciences, 8000 Bruges, Belgium; (P.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (U.-H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (U.-H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (A.-M.L.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
| | - Benedicte Y. De Winter
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (A.-M.L.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A physiatrist's understanding and application of the current literature on chronic pelvic pain: a narrative review. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e949. [PMID: 34476302 PMCID: PMC8407606 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complex, multifactorial nature of chronic pelvic pain can help physicians determine the pain's etiology and thus refer specialists to include in the multidisciplinary treatment required. Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a highly prevalent condition which is underdiagnosed and poorly understood. The purpose of this review is to outline the various aspects of the nature of CPP, including its etiologies, clinical presentation, and nonoperative treatment options. For data collection, a PubMed search was conducted using indexing terms such as chronic pelvic pain and pelvic pain. Literature reviews and studies focusing on etiologies, clinical presentation, and/or the diagnosis of CPP were compiled for review by a team of 3 physiatrists. Studies investigating conservative treatments, medications, and interventional procedures for CPP and related conditions with comparable etiologies were also included. Of the 502 articles retrieved, 116 were deemed suitable by the team for this study. Although CPP is a complex, multifaceted condition, a particular susceptibility to nociceptive stimuli was demonstrated as an underlying theme in its evolution. There are many treatment options currently used; however, more robust evidence, such as randomized controlled trials, are needed before creating comprehensive guidelines for treating CPP.
Collapse
|
12
|
Annaházi A, Schröder A, Schemann M. Region-specific effects of the cysteine protease papain on gastric motility. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14105. [PMID: 33710722 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papaya is a traditional remedy for gastrointestinal complaints in the folk medicine. On this basis, papain, a cysteine protease of the fruit, is sold as a nutritional supplement, although scientific data on its effects in the gastrointestinal tract are lacking. We aimed to explore the effect of papain on gastric motility in vitro. METHODS Guinea pig antrum and corpus strips were mounted in organ bath. KEY RESULTS Papain reversibly increased the amplitude of ongoing phasic contractions in both circular and longitudinal antrum strips without having an effect on the frequency or on the muscle tone. All three tested doses of papain (end cc.: 12.5 mg L-1 , 50 mg L-1 , 100 mg L-1 ) were similarly effective. Contrarily, in the corpus circular and longitudinal muscle strips, papain caused a dose-dependent relaxation, which was preceded by a transient contraction in most tissues. The effect was resistant to tetrodotoxin (1 µM), but diminished by the cysteine protease inhibitor E64 (4.5 µM) in both regions. In the corpus, L-NAME (100 µM) and the protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 antagonist SCH79797 (5 µM) or the PAR-2 antagonist GB 83 (3 µM) did not change the effect of papain significantly. This demonstrates that the effects of papain are not neurally mediated and nitrergic pathways are not involved in the mechanism. The effects are linked to the enzymatic activity, but not executed via PAR-1 or 2. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Papain alters gastric motility in a region-specific manner, which could at least partly explain its claimed beneficial effects in functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Annaházi
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schröder
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Schemann
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mkaouar H, Mariaule V, Rhimi S, Hernandez J, Kriaa A, Jablaoui A, Akermi N, Maguin E, Lesner A, Korkmaz B, Rhimi M. Gut Serpinome: Emerging Evidence in IBD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116088. [PMID: 34200095 PMCID: PMC8201313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are incurable disorders whose prevalence and global socioeconomic impact are increasing. While the role of host genetics and immunity is well documented, that of gut microbiota dysbiosis is increasingly being studied. However, the molecular basis of the dialogue between the gut microbiota and the host remains poorly understood. Increased activity of serine proteases is demonstrated in IBD patients and may contribute to the onset and the maintenance of the disease. The intestinal proteolytic balance is the result of an equilibrium between the proteases and their corresponding inhibitors. Interestingly, the serine protease inhibitors (serpins) encoded by the host are well reported; in contrast, those from the gut microbiota remain poorly studied. In this review, we provide a concise analysis of the roles of serine protease in IBD physiopathology and we focus on the serpins from the gut microbiota (gut serpinome) and their relevance as a promising therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héla Mkaouar
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Vincent Mariaule
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Soufien Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Juan Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences (Oniris), University of Nantes, 101 Route de Gachet, 44300 Nantes, France;
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Amin Jablaoui
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Nizar Akermi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Uniwersytet Gdanski, Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, PL80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, “Research Center for Respiratory Diseases” and University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brizuela M, Castro J, Harrington AM, Brierley SM. Pruritogenic mechanisms and gut sensation: putting the "irritant" into irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G1131-G1141. [PMID: 33949199 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00331.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic abdominal pain is a common clinical condition experienced by patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A general lack of suitable treatment options for the management of visceral pain is the major contributing factor to the debilitating nature of the disease. Understanding the underlying causes of chronic visceral pain is pivotal to identifying new effective therapies for IBS. This review provides the current evidence, demonstrating that mediators and receptors that induce itch in the skin also act as "gut irritants" in the gastrointestinal tract. Activation of these receptors triggers specific changes in the neuronal excitability of sensory pathways responsible for the transmission of nociceptive information from the periphery to the central nervous system leading to visceral hypersensitivity and visceral pain. Accumulating evidence points to significant roles of irritant mediators and their receptors in visceral hypersensitivity and thus constitutes potential targets for the development of more effective therapeutic options for IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brizuela
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joel Castro
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea M Harrington
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart M Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hou JJ, Wang X, Li Y, Su S, Wang YM, Wang BM. The relationship between gut microbiota and proteolytic activity in irritable bowel syndrome. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:104995. [PMID: 34048892 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disease that affects 3.8-9.2% of the world population. It affects the physiology and psychology of patients and increases the burden on families, the healthcare system, society, and economic development. Presently, a large number of studies have shown that compared to healthy individuals, the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in IBS patients have changed, and the proteolytic activity (PA) in fecal supernatant and colonic mucosa of IBS patients has also increased. These findings indicate that the imbalance of intestinal microecology and intestinal protein hydrolysis is closely related to IBS. Furthermore, the intestinal flora is a key substance that regulates the PA and is associated with IBS. The current review described the intestinal microecology and intestinal proteolytic activity of patients with IBS and also discussed the effect of intestinal flora on PA. In summary, this study proposed a pivotal role of gut microbiota and PA in IBS, respectively, and provided an in-depth insight into the diagnosis and treatment targets of IBS as well as the formulation of new treatment strategies for other digestive diseases and protease-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Shuai Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jalanka J, Lam C, Bennett A, Hartikainen A, Crispie F, Finnegan LA, Cotter PD, Spiller R. Colonic Gene Expression and Fecal Microbiota in Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Increased Toll-like Receptor 4 but Minimal Inflammation and no Response to Mesalazine. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 27:279-291. [PMID: 33795545 PMCID: PMC8026366 DOI: 10.5056/jnm20205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) has been previously associated with evidence of immune activation and altered microbiota. Our aim is to assess the effect of the anti-inflammatory agent, mesalazine, on inflammatory gene expression and microbiota composition in IBS-D. Methods We studied a subset of patients (n = 43) from a previously published 12-week radomized placebo-controlled trial of mesalazine. Mucosal biopsies were assessed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for a range of markers of inflammation, altered permeability, and sensory receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) at randomization after treatment. All biopsy data were compared to 21 healthy controls. Patient’s stool microbiota composition was analysed through 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Results We found no evidence of increased immune activation compared to healthy controls. However, we did find increased expression of receptors in both sensory pathways and innate immune response including TLR4. Higher TLR4 expression was associated with greater urgency. TLR4 expression correlated strongly with the expression of the receptors bradykinin receptor B2, chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1, and transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 as well as TLR4’s downstream adaptor myeloid differentiation factor 88. Mesalazine had minimal effect on either gene expression or microbiota composition. Conclusions Biopsies from a well-characterized IBS-D cohort showed no substantial inflammation. Mesalazine has little effect on gene expression and its previous reported effect on fecal microbiota associated with much greater inflammation found in inflammatory bowel diseases is likely secondary to reduced inflammation. Increased expression of TLR4 and correlated receptors in IBS may mediate a general increase in sensitivity to external stimuli, particularly those that signal via the TLR system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Jalanka
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Center at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Notts, UK
| | - Ching Lam
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Center at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Notts, UK
| | - Andrew Bennett
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Center at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Notts, UK.,FRAME Alternatives Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham, Notts, UK
| | - Anna Hartikainen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fiona Crispie
- Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Laura A Finnegan
- Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Robin Spiller
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Center at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Notts, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Duboux S, Golliard M, Muller JA, Bergonzelli G, Bolten CJ, Mercenier A, Kleerebezem M. Carbohydrate-controlled serine protease inhibitor (serpin) production in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7236. [PMID: 33790385 PMCID: PMC8012564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Serine Protease Inhibitor (serpin) protein has been suggested to play a key role in the interaction of bifidobacteria with the host. By inhibiting intestinal serine proteases, it might allow bifidobacteria to reside in specific gut niches. In inflammatory diseases where serine proteases contribute to the innate defense mechanism of the host, serpin may dampen the damaging effects of inflammation. In view of the beneficial roles of this protein, it is important to understand how its production is regulated. Here we demonstrate that Bifidobacterium longum NCC 2705 serpin production is tightly regulated by carbohydrates. Galactose and fructose increase the production of this protein while glucose prevents it, suggesting the involvement of catabolite repression. We identified that di- and oligosaccharides containing galactose (GOS) and fructose (FOS) moieties, including the human milk oligosaccharide Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), are able to activate serpin production. Moreover, we show that the carbohydrate mediated regulation is conserved within B. longum subsp. longum strains but not in other bifidobacterial taxons harboring the serpin coding gene, highlighting that the serpin regulation circuits are not only species- but also subspecies- specific. Our work demonstrates that environmental conditions can modulate expression of an important effector molecule of B. longum, having potential important implications for probiotic manufacturing and supporting the postulated role of serpin in the ability of bifidobacteria to colonize the intestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Duboux
- Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | - A Mercenier
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Kleerebezem
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nakov R, Snegarova V, Dimitrova-Yurukova D, Velikova T. Biomarkers in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Biological Rationale and Diagnostic Value. Dig Dis 2021; 40:23-32. [PMID: 33752201 DOI: 10.1159/000516027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) usually suffer from nonspecific and overlapping signs that hamper the diagnostic process. In line with this, biomarkers specific for IBS could be of great benefit for diagnosing and managing patients. In IBS, the need is for apparent distinguishing features linked to the disease that improve diagnosis, differentiate from other organic diseases, and discriminate between IBS subtypes. SUMMARY Some biomarkers are associated with a possible pathophysiologic mechanism of IBS; others are used for differentiating IBS from non-IBS patients. Implementation of IBS biomarkers in everyday clinical practice is critical for early diagnosis and treatment. However, our knowledge about their efficient use is still scarce. Key Messages: This review discusses the biomarkers implemented for IBS diagnosis and management, such as blood (serum), fecal, immunological, related to the microbiome, microRNAs, and some promising novel biomarkers associated with imaging and psychological features of the disease. We focus on the most commonly studied and validated biomarkers and their biological rationale, diagnostic, and clinical value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radislav Nakov
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Tsaritsa Yoanna University Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Snegarova
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Uhlig F, Grundy L, Garcia-Caraballo S, Brierley SM, Foster SJ, Grundy D. Identification of a Quorum Sensing-Dependent Communication Pathway Mediating Bacteria-Gut-Brain Cross Talk. iScience 2020; 23:101695. [PMID: 33163947 PMCID: PMC7607502 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recently established contributions of the intestinal microbiome to human health and disease, our understanding of bacteria-host communication pathways with regard to the gut-brain axis remains limited. Here we provide evidence that intestinal neurons are able to "sense" bacteria independently of the host immune system. Using supernatants from cultures of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) we demonstrate the release of mediators with neuromodulatory properties at high population density. These mediators induced a biphasic response in extrinsic sensory afferent nerves, increased membrane permeability in cultured sensory neurons, and altered intestinal motility and secretion. Genetic manipulation of S. aureus revealed two key quorum sensing-regulated classes of pore forming toxins that mediate excitation and inhibition of extrinsic sensory nerves, respectively. As such, bacterial mediators have the potential to directly modulate gut-brain communication to influence intestinal symptoms and reflex function in vivo, contributing to homeostatic, behavioral, and sensory consequences of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Uhlig
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luke Grundy
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonia Garcia-Caraballo
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Simon J. Foster
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David Grundy
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mishima Y, Ishihara S. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbiota-Mediated Pathology in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228664. [PMID: 33212919 PMCID: PMC7698457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders, and accumulating evidence gained in both preclinical and clinical studies indicate the involvement of enteric microbiota in its pathogenesis. Gut resident microbiota appear to influence brain activity through the enteric nervous system, while their composition and function are affected by the central nervous system. Based on these results, the term “brain–gut–microbiome axis” has been proposed and enteric microbiota have become a potential therapeutic target in IBS cases. However, details regarding the microbe-related pathophysiology of IBS remain elusive. This review summarizes the existing knowledge of molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of IBS as well as recent progress related to microbiome-derived neurotransmitters, compounds, metabolites, neuroendocrine factors, and enzymes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Johnson AC, Louwies T, Ligon CO, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Enlightening the frontiers of neurogastroenterology through optogenetics. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G391-G399. [PMID: 32755304 PMCID: PMC7717115 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00384.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurogastroenterology refers to the study of the extrinsic and intrinsic nervous system circuits controlling the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Over the past 5-10 yr there has been an explosion in novel methodologies, technologies and approaches that offer great promise to advance our understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying GI function in health and disease. This review focuses on the use of optogenetics combined with electrophysiology in the field of neurogastroenterology. We discuss how these technologies and tools are currently being used to explore the brain-gut axis and debate the future research potential and limitations of these techniques. Taken together, we consider that the use of these technologies will enable researchers to answer important questions in neurogastroenterology through fundamental research. The answers to those questions will shorten the path from basic discovery to new treatments for patient populations with disorders of the brain-gut axis affecting the GI tract such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia, achalasia, and delayed gastric emptying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C. Johnson
- 1Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,2Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,3Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tijs Louwies
- 1Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Casey O. Ligon
- 1Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- 1Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,2Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,4Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bimodal Release Ondansetron Improves Stool Consistency and Symptomatology in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115:1466-1473. [PMID: 32639235 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous, small studies have suggested that ondansetron has beneficial effects in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). This randomized, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy and safety of daily 12 mg RHB-102, an investigational bimodal release ondansetron tablet, in IBS-D. METHODS Men and women with IBS-D by the Rome III criteria, Bristol Stool Scale ≥6 on 2 or more days weekly, and average daily worst pain intensity ≥3/10 were randomized 60:40 to RHB-102 or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The primary end point was overall stool consistency response for at least 4 of 8 weeks. Secondary end points included overall worst abdominal pain and overall composite response, defined as response on both abdominal pain and stool consistency end points. RESULTS Overall stool consistency response rates were 56.0% and 35.3% (RHB-102 vs placebo, P = 0.036) and similar among male and female patients. Overall pain response (50.7% vs 39.2%) and composite response rates (40.0% vs 25.5%) favored RHB-102, although these differences were not statistically significant. Stool consistency response rates were enhanced in patients with baseline C-reactive protein above the median (2.09 mg/L), 59.5%, vs 23.1% (P = 0.009). Overall rates of adverse events were similar, with a higher rate of constipation in RHB-102 patients (13.3% vs 3.9%) that resolved rapidly on withholding treatment. DISCUSSION RHB-102 was effective and safe in the treatment of men and women with IBS-D. Baseline C-reactive protein seemed to be predictive of response.
Collapse
|
23
|
van Thiel IAM, de Jonge WJ, Chiu IM, van den Wijngaard RM. Microbiota-neuroimmune cross talk in stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity of the bowel. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G1034-G1041. [PMID: 32308040 PMCID: PMC7642838 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00196.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity of the lower gastrointestinal tract, defined as an increased response to colorectal distension, frequently prompts episodes of debilitating abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Although the pathophysiology of IBS is not yet fully elucidated, it is well known that stress is a major risk factor for development and acts as a trigger of pain sensation. Stress modulates both immune responses as well as the gut microbiota and vice versa. Additionally, either microbes themselves or through involvement of the immune system, activate or sensitize afferent nociceptors. In this paper, we review current knowledge on the influence of stress along the gut-brain-microbiota axis and exemplify relevant neuroimmune cross talk mechanisms in visceral hypersensitivity, working toward understanding how gut microbiota-neuroimmune cross talk contributes to visceral pain sensation in IBS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle A. M. van Thiel
- 1Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- 1Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,3Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,4Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Isaac M. Chiu
- 5Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School. Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rene M. van den Wijngaard
- 1Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,3Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kriaa A, Jablaoui A, Mkaouar H, Akermi N, Maguin E, Rhimi M. Serine proteases at the cutting edge of IBD: Focus on gastrointestinal inflammation. FASEB J 2020; 34:7270-7282. [PMID: 32307770 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000031rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Serine proteases have been long recognized to coordinate many physiological processes and play key roles in regulating the inflammatory response. Accordingly, their dysregulation has been regularly associated with several inflammatory disorders and suggested as a central mechanism in the pathophysiology of digestive inflammation. So far, studies addressing the proteolytic homeostasis in the gut have mainly focused on host serine proteases as candidates of interest, while largely ignoring the potential contribution of their bacterial counterparts. The human gut microbiota comprises a complex ecosystem that contributes to host health and disease. Yet, our understanding of microbially produced serine proteases and investigation of whether they are causally linked to IBD is still in its infancy. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the emerging roles of host and bacterial serine proteases in digestive inflammation. We also discuss the application of available tools in the gut to monitor disease-related serine proteases. An exhaustive representation and understanding of such functional potential would help in closing existing gaps in mechanistic knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Kriaa
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Amin Jablaoui
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Héla Mkaouar
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nizar Akermi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yong SJ, Tong T, Chew J, Lim WL. Antidepressive Mechanisms of Probiotics and Their Therapeutic Potential. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1361. [PMID: 32009871 PMCID: PMC6971226 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulating knowledge of the host-microbiota interplay gives rise to the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. The MGB axis depicts the interkingdom communication between the gut microbiota and the brain. This communication process involves the endocrine, immune and neurotransmitters systems. Dysfunction of these systems, along with the presence of gut dysbiosis, have been detected among clinically depressed patients. This implicates the involvement of a maladaptive MGB axis in the pathophysiology of depression. Depression refers to symptoms that characterize major depressive disorder (MDD), a mood disorder with a disease burden that rivals that of heart diseases. The use of probiotics to treat depression has gained attention in recent years, as evidenced by increasing numbers of animal and human studies that have supported the antidepressive efficacy of probiotics. Physiological changes observed in these studies allow for the elucidation of probiotics antidepressive mechanisms, which ultimately aim to restore proper functioning of the MGB axis. However, the understanding of mechanisms does not yet complete the endeavor in applying probiotics to treat MDD. Other challenges remain which include the heterogeneous nature of both the gut microbiota composition and depressive symptoms in the clinical setting. Nevertheless, probiotics offer some advantages over standard pharmaceutical antidepressants, in terms of residual symptoms, side effects and stigma involved. This review outlines antidepressive mechanisms of probiotics based on the currently available literature and discusses therapeutic potentials of probiotics for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Jie Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Tommy Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Jactty Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Edogawa S, Edwinson AL, Peters SA, Chikkamenahalli LL, Sundt WJ, Graves S, Gurunathan SV, Breen-Lyles MK, Johnson S, Dyer RB, Graham RP, Chen J, Kashyap P, Farrugia G, Grover M. Serine proteases as luminal mediators of intestinal barrier dysfunction and symptom severity in IBS. Gut 2020; 69:62-73. [PMID: 30923071 PMCID: PMC6765451 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intestinal lumen contains several proteases. Our aim was to determine the role of faecal proteases in mediating barrier dysfunction and symptoms in IBS. DESIGN 39 patients with IBS and 25 healthy volunteers completed questionnaires, assessments of in vivo permeability, ex vivo colonic barrier function in Ussing chambers, tight junction (TJ) proteins, ultrastructural morphology and 16 s sequencing of faecal microbiota rRNA. A casein-based assay was used to measure proteolytic activity (PA) in faecal supernatants (FSNs). Colonic barrier function was determined in mice (ex-germ free) humanised with microbial communities associated with different human PA states. RESULTS Patients with IBS had higher faecal PA than healthy volunteers. 8/20 postinfection IBS (PI-IBS) and 3/19 constipation- predominant IBS had high PA (>95th percentile). High-PA patients had more and looser bowel movements, greater symptom severity and higher in vivo and ex vivo colonic permeability. High-PA FSNs increased paracellular permeability, decreased occludin and increased phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC) expression. Serine but not cysteine protease inhibitor significantly blocked high-PA FSN effects on barrier. The effects on barrier were diminished by pharmacological or siRNA inhibition of protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2). Patients with high-PA IBS had lower occludin expression, wider TJs on biopsies and reduced microbial diversity than patients with low PA. Mice humanised with high-PA IBS microbiota had greater in vivo permeability than those with low-PA microbiota. CONCLUSION A subset of patients with IBS, especially in PI-IBS, has substantially high faecal PA, greater symptoms, impaired barrier and reduced microbial diversity. Commensal microbiota affects luminal PA that can influence host barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Edogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adam L Edwinson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephanie A Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Wendy J Sundt
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sara Graves
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen Johnson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roy B Dyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rondell P. Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Correspondence: Madhusudan Grover, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Physiology, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Tel: 507-284-2478, Fax: 507-266-0350,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Pontarollo G, Mann A, Brandão I, Malinarich F, Schöpf M, Reinhardt C. Protease-activated receptor signaling in intestinal permeability regulation. FEBS J 2019; 287:645-658. [PMID: 31495063 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a unique class of G-protein-coupled transmembrane receptors, which revolutionized the perception of proteases from degradative enzymes to context-specific signaling factors. Although PARs are traditionally known to affect several vascular responses, recent investigations have started to pinpoint the functional role of PAR signaling in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This organ is exposed to the highest number of proteases, either from the gut lumen or from the mucosa. Luminal proteases include the host's digestive enzymes and the proteases released by the commensal microbiota, while mucosal proteases entail extravascular clotting factors and the enzymes released from resident and infiltrating immune cells. Active proteases and, in case of a disrupted gut barrier, even entire microorganisms are capable to translocate the intestinal epithelium, particularly under inflammatory conditions. Especially PAR-1 and PAR-2, expressed throughout the GI tract, impact gut permeability regulation, a major factor affecting intestinal physiology and metabolic inflammation. In addition, PARs are critically involved in the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, and tumor progression. Due to the number of proteases involved and the multiple cell types affected, selective regulation of intestinal PARs represents an interesting therapeutic strategy. The analysis of tissue/cell-specific knockout animal models will be of crucial importance to unravel the intrinsic complexity of this signaling network. Here, we provide an overview on the implication of PARs in intestinal permeability regulation under physiologic and disease conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pontarollo
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany
| | - Amrit Mann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany
| | - Inês Brandão
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany.,Centro de Apoio Tecnológico Agro Alimentar (CATAA), Zona Industrial de Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Frano Malinarich
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany
| | - Marie Schöpf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mkaouar H, Akermi N, Kriaa A, Abraham AL, Jablaoui A, Soussou S, Mokdad-Gargouri R, Maguin E, Rhimi M. Serine protease inhibitors and human wellbeing interplay: new insights for old friends. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7224. [PMID: 31531264 PMCID: PMC6718151 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine Protease Inhibitors (Serpins) control tightly regulated physiological processes and their dysfunction is associated to various diseases. Thus, increasing interest is given to these proteins as new therapeutic targets. Several studies provided functional and structural data about human serpins. By comparison, only little knowledge regarding bacterial serpins exists. Through the emergence of metagenomic studies, many bacterial serpins were identified from numerous ecological niches including the human gut microbiota. The origin, distribution and function of these proteins remain to be established. In this report, we shed light on the key role of human and bacterial serpins in health and disease. Moreover, we analyze their function, phylogeny and ecological distribution. This review highlights the potential use of bacterial serpins to set out new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héla Mkaouar
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nizar Akermi
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Amin Jablaoui
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Souha Soussou
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Raja Mokdad-Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Endothelial Protein C Receptor (EPCR), Protease Activated Receptor-1 (PAR-1) and Their Interplay in Cancer Growth and Metastatic Dissemination. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010051. [PMID: 30626007 PMCID: PMC6356956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) by themselves play important role in cancer growth and dissemination. Moreover, interactions between the two receptors are essential for tumor progression. EPCR is a cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein localized predominantly on endothelial cells (ECs). It is a vital component of the activated protein C (APC)—mediated anticoagulant and cytoprotective signaling cascade. PAR-1, which belongs to a family of G protein–coupled cell surface receptors, is also widely distributed on endothelial and blood cells, where it plays a critical role in hemostasis. Both EPCR and PAR-1, generally considered coagulation-related receptors, are implicated in carcinogenesis and dissemination of diverse tumor types, and their expression correlates with clinical outcome of cancer patients. Existing data explain some mechanisms by which EPCR/PAR-1 affects cancer growth and metastasis; however, the exact molecular basis of cancer invasion associated with the signaling is still obscure. Here, we discuss the role of EPCR and PAR-1 reciprocal interactions in cancer progression as well as potential therapeutic options targeted specifically to interact with EPCR/PAR-1-induced signaling in cancer patients.
Collapse
|