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Sreeraj VS, Puzhakkal JC, Holla B, Nadella RK, Sheth S, Balachander S, Ithal D, Ali F, Viswanath B, Muralidharan K, Venkatasubramanian G, John JP, Benegal V, Murthy P, Varghese M, Reddy YJ, Jain S. Cross-diagnostic evaluation of minor physical anomalies in psychiatric disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:54-62. [PMID: 34325233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minor physical anomalies (MPA) are markers of impaired neurodevelopment during the prenatal stage. Assessing MPA across psychiatric disorders may help understand their shared nature. In addition, MPA in family members would indicate a shared liability and endophenotype potential. We examined familial aggregation of MPA and their role as transdiagnostic and disorder-specific markers of 5 major psychiatric/neuropsychiatric conditions (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, substance dependence, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Alzheimer's dementia). METHODS Modified Waldrop's MPA scale was applied on 1321 individuals from 439 transdiagnostic multiplex families and 125 healthy population controls (HC). Stage of fetal development (morphogenetic/phenogenetic)- and anatomical location (craniofacial/peripheral)-based sub-scores were calculated. Familiality and endophenotypic potential of MPA were analyzed with serial negative binomial mixed-effect regression. Cross-diagnostic differences and the effect of family history density (FHD) of each diagnosis on MPA were assessed. Mixed-effects Cox models estimated the influence of MPA on age-at-onset of illness (AAO). RESULTS MPA were found to be heritable in families with psychiatric disorders, with a familiality of 0.52. MPA were higher in psychotic disorders after controlling for effects of sex and intrafamilial correlation. Morphogenetic variant MPA was noted to be lower in dementia in comparison to HC. FHD of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder predicted higher, and that of dementia and substance dependence predicted lower MPA. MPA brought forward the AAO [HR:1.07 (1.03-1.11)], and this was more apparent in psychotic disorders. CONCLUSION MPA are transmissible in families, are specifically related to the risk of developing psychoses, and predict an earlier age at onset. Neurodevelopmentally informed classification of MPA has the potential to enhance the etiopathogenic and translational understanding of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanteemar S Sreeraj
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
| | - Joan C Puzhakkal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Bharath Holla
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Nadella
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Sweta Sheth
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Srinivas Balachander
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Dhruva Ithal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Furkhan Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Kesavan Muralidharan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
| | - John P John
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Yc Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
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Johansson L, Guerra M, Prince M, Hörder H, Falk H, Stubbs B, Prina AM. Associations between Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Incidence of Dementia in Latin America: A 10/66 Dementia Research Group Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:433-441. [PMID: 30958381 PMCID: PMC6598112 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that depression is related to dementia in older adults. Previous research has been done in high-income countries and there is a lack of studies in low- and middle income countries (LMICs). OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and incidence of dementia in a population-based study of older adults in Latin America. METHODS The study is a part of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group's population survey and includes 11,472 older adults (baseline mean age 74 years) from Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela. The baseline examinations were done in 2003-2007 and the follow-up examinations 4 years later. Semi-structured psychiatric interviews gave information about ICD-10 depression and sub-syndromal depression (i.e., ≥4 depressive symptoms) at baseline. Information on dementia were collected at the follow-up examination. Competing risk models analyzed the associations between depression and incidence of dementia and the final model were adjusted for age, sex, education, stroke, and diabetes. Separate analyses were conducted for each site and then meta-analyzed by means of fixed effect models. RESULTS At baseline, the prevalence of depression was 26.0% (n = 2,980): 5.4% had ICD-10 depression and 20.6% sub-syndromal depression. During the follow-up period, 9.3% (n = 862) developed dementia and 14.3% (n = 1,329) deceased. In the pooled analyses, both ICD-10 depression (adjusted sub-hazard ratio (sHR) 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-2.11) and sub-syndromal depression (adjusted sHR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.09-1.51) were associated with increased incidence of dementia. The Higging I2 tests showed a moderate heterogeneity across the study sites. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that late-life depression is associated with the incidence of dementia in LMICs in Latin America, which support results from earlier studies conducted in high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Johansson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mariella Guerra
- Institute of Memory, Depression and Disease Risk, Lima, Peru
| | - Martin Prince
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Hörder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Falk
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiotherapy, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Matthew Prina
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Oghagbon EK, Giménez-Llort L. Short height and poor education increase the risk of dementia in Nigerian type 2 diabetic women. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2019; 11:493-499. [PMID: 31334329 PMCID: PMC6624244 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction There is urgent need to investigate type 2 diabetes and dementia crosstalk in sub-Saharan African countries with special attention to women who have higher vulnerability. Nigeria which has the highest number of diabetics on the African continent is a good location for the investigation. Methods Biophysical parameters, occupation, education, burden of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular health, and cognition were evaluated in 102 type 2 diabetics and 99 controls. Results Short physical stature and lower level of education were hallmarks of diabetes in females. Two dementia scales (Mini–Mental State Examination and six-item Cognitive Impairment Test) showed cognitive impairment status, with the six-item Cognitive Impairment Test scale being more specific and sensitive. Both scales showed correlations with age, education, weight, height, and disease onset, whereas fasten blood glucose was negatively correlated with height and their blood pressure was normal. Discussion Height, an easy-to-measure parameter in Nigeria, may reveal increased risk of dementia in poorly educated female Nigerian diabetics, thus helping to improve preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efosa Kenneth Oghagbon
- Faculty of Basic & Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author. Tel: +34-5812378; Fax: +34-935811435.
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Patel V, Saxena S, Lund C, Thornicroft G, Baingana F, Bolton P, Chisholm D, Collins PY, Cooper JL, Eaton J, Herrman H, Herzallah MM, Huang Y, Jordans MJD, Kleinman A, Medina-Mora ME, Morgan E, Niaz U, Omigbodun O, Prince M, Rahman A, Saraceno B, Sarkar BK, De Silva M, Singh I, Stein DJ, Sunkel C, UnÜtzer JÜ. The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development. Lancet 2018; 392:1553-1598. [PMID: 30314863 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1178] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Patel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Sangath, Goa, India; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shekhar Saxena
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Crick Lund
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London UK
| | - Florence Baingana
- WHO Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Bolton
- Department of International Health and Department of Mental Health, Center for Humanitarian Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dan Chisholm
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pamela Y Collins
- University of Washington School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janice L Cooper
- The Carter Center, Monrovia, Liberia; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julian Eaton
- CBM International, Bensheim, Germany; Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen Herrman
- Orygen, National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; World Psychiatric Association, Melbourne, VIC Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre in Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Mohammad M Herzallah
- Palestinian Neuroscience Initiative, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine; Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yueqin Huang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Mark J D Jordans
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Research and Development, War Child, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arthur Kleinman
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ellen Morgan
- Templeton World Charity Foundation, Nassau, The Bahamas
| | - Unaiza Niaz
- Psychiatric Clinic and Stress Research Centre, Karachi, Pakistan; University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Olayinka Omigbodun
- College of Medicine and Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Martin Prince
- King's Global Health Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Atif Rahman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Benedetto Saraceno
- School of Medical Sciences, University Nova of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bidyut K Sarkar
- PRIDE Project, Sangath, India; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ilina Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlene Sunkel
- South African Federation for Mental Health, Johannesburg, South Africa; Movement for Global Mental Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - JÜrgen UnÜtzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Advancing Integrated Mental Health Solutions Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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