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Xuan G, Xun L, Xia Y. MarR family proteins sense sulfane sulfur in bacteria. MLIFE 2024; 3:231-239. [PMID: 38948149 PMCID: PMC11211675 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Members of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) protein family are ubiquitous in bacteria and play critical roles in regulating cellular metabolism and antibiotic resistance. MarR family proteins function as repressors, and their interactions with modulators induce the expression of controlled genes. The previously characterized modulators are insufficient to explain the activities of certain MarR family proteins. However, recently, several MarR family proteins have been reported to sense sulfane sulfur, including zero-valent sulfur, persulfide (R-SSH), and polysulfide (R-SnH, n ≥ 2). Sulfane sulfur is a common cellular component in bacteria whose levels vary during bacterial growth. The changing levels of sulfane sulfur affect the expression of many MarR-controlled genes. Sulfane sulfur reacts with the cysteine thiols of MarR family proteins, causing the formation of protein thiol persulfide, disulfide bonds, and other modifications. Several MarR family proteins that respond to reactive oxygen species (ROS) also sense sulfane sulfur, as both sulfane sulfur and ROS induce the formation of disulfide bonds. This review focused on MarR family proteins that sense sulfane sulfur. However, the sensing mechanisms reviewed here may also apply to other proteins that detect sulfane sulfur, which is emerging as a modulator of gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety ControlOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
- School of Molecular BiosciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
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Padgett-Pagliai KA, Pagliai FA, da Silva DR, Gardner CL, Lorca GL, Gonzalez CF. Osmotic stress induces long-term biofilm survival in Liberibacter crescens. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:52. [PMID: 35148684 PMCID: PMC8832773 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus greening, also known as Huanglongbing (HLB), is a devastating citrus plant disease caused predominantly by Liberibacter asiaticus. While nearly all Liberibacter species remain uncultured, here we used the culturable L. crescens BT-1 as a model to examine physiological changes in response to the variable osmotic conditions and nutrient availability encountered within the citrus host. Similarly, physiological responses to changes in growth temperature and dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations were also examined, due to their use in many of the currently employed therapies to control the spread of HLB. Sublethal heat stress was found to induce the expression of genes related to tryptophan biosynthesis, while repressing the expression of ribosomal proteins. Osmotic stress induces expression of transcriptional regulators involved in expression of extracellular structures, while repressing the biosynthesis of fatty acids and aromatic amino acids. The effects of osmotic stress were further evaluated by quantifying biofilm formation of L. crescens in presence of increasing sucrose concentrations at different stages of biofilm formation, where sucrose-induced osmotic stress delayed initial cell attachment while enhancing long-term biofilm viability. Our findings revealed that exposure to osmotic stress is a significant contributing factor to the long term survival of L. crescens and, possibly, to the pathogenicity of other Liberibacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylie A Padgett-Pagliai
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, FL, 32610-3610, USA
| | - Fernando A Pagliai
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, FL, 32610-3610, USA
| | - Danilo R da Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, FL, 32610-3610, USA
| | - Christopher L Gardner
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, FL, 32610-3610, USA
| | - Graciela L Lorca
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, FL, 32610-3610, USA
| | - Claudio F Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, FL, 32610-3610, USA.
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