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Mansoury O, Kachkhouch H, Essoli S, Mansouri A, Jabbar M, Adarmouch L, Amine M, Sebbani M. The views of general practitioners in Morocco about health promotion at the primary health care services: Qualitative study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 13:82. [PMID: 38720685 PMCID: PMC11078456 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_157_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health promotion (HP) is one of the key skills that every general practitioner (GP) should have, according to The World Organization of Family Doctors, but for several reasons, his practice remains insufficient. However, a gap would exist between the GPs' knowledge and their practices about HP. The aims of our study were to explore GPs' perceptions, knowledge, and practices in Morocco about HP and identify their barriers and needs to best practice HP actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A qualitative case study was conducted among GPs, via semi-structured interviews following an interview guide. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to select our sample. It contained four themes, perceptions, practices, barriers and needs, and proposals for improvement. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed. Thematic content data analysis was done manually. Favorable ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee. RESULTS Fourteen GPs participated in this study. The sex ratio was at one. GPs' practices were focused on the biomedical model with wide confusion of HP with prevention and therapeutic education. Their roles in HP were considered paramount. The number of patients during consultations, structures' care, and knowledge were the main barriers. The main cited needs were material resources and HP training. CONCLUSION Our study has made it possible to make an inventory of the practice of HP in Morocco. Participants' practices were based on the curative aspect. There is a crucial need to implement continuing and contextualized training for general practitioners to strengthen their skills in HP. This training will help to succeed in the health-promoting hospital's strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouassim Mansoury
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Laboratory of Biosciences and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Clinical Research Service, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Hamza Kachkhouch
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Samira Essoli
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Laboratory of Biosciences and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Clinical Research Service, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Adil Mansouri
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Laboratory of Biosciences and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Clinical Research Service, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Murtada Jabbar
- Biosciences and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Latifa Adarmouch
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Laboratory of Biosciences and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Clinical Research Service, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Amine
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Laboratory of Biosciences and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Clinical Research Service, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Majda Sebbani
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Laboratory of Biosciences and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Clinical Research Service, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Jarvis GE, Andermann L, Ayonrinde OA, Beder M, Cénat JM, Ben-Cheikh I, Fung K, Gajaria A, Gómez-Carrillo A, Guzder J, Hanafi S, Kassam A, Kronick R, Lashley M, Lewis-Fernández R, McMahon A, Measham T, Nadeau L, Rousseau C, Sadek J, Schouler-Ocak M, Wieman C, Kirmayer LJ. Taking Action on Racism and Structural Violence in Psychiatric Training and Clinical Practice. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 68:780-808. [PMID: 37198904 PMCID: PMC10517653 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231166985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Eric Jarvis
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Cultural Consultation Service and Culture and Psychosis Working Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa Andermann
- Equity and Inclusion Council; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oyedeji A Ayonrinde
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Community Psychiatry, Providence Care, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Michaela Beder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Imen Ben-Cheikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Kenneth Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Asian Initiative in Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Society for the Study of Psychiatry and Culture, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Amy Gajaria
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana Gómez-Carrillo
- Montréal Children's Hospital (MCH), McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada; Inuulitsivik Health Centre, Puvirnituq, QC, Canada; Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Hanafi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Azaad Kassam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Newcomer Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Wholistic Health and Wellness, Mohawk Council of Akwesasne, Akwesasne, QC, Canada
| | - Rachel Kronick
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute and Sherpa Research Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Myrna Lashley
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Ethics Board, CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Sir B. Mortimer Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir B. Mortimer Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roberto Lewis-Fernández
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence and Research Area Leader, Anxiety, Mood, Eating and Related Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Toby Measham
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Divisions of Child Psychiatry and Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Nadeau
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Montréal University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Inuulitsivik Health Centre, Puvirnituq, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Sadek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Meryam Schouler-Ocak
- Social Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Psychiatric University Clinic of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wieman
- Indigenous Physicians Association of Canada (IPAC), Vancouver, BC, Canada; First Nations Health Authority (FNHA), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laurence J Kirmayer
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Culture and Mental Health Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Fazelipour M, Dhatt A, Sun T, Nemir A, Wilbur K. Pharmacy Students Practicing Health Advocate Competency Roles in Workplace-Based Training. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2023; 87:100118. [PMID: 37714657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health advocacy competency roles are found in the educational outcomes of many health disciplines, yet their development is neglected in the professional curriculum and clinical learning environment. We explored how pharmacy students conceptualize health advocacy through their practice in workplace-based learning and any feedback they receive. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal diary study of Canadian pharmacy students completing Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences in hospital and community practices in their graduating year. At pre-determined intervals, 25 students recorded workplace-based activities they recognized as health advocacy and any feedback they received from supervisors, patients, or other staff. Written diary data from 180 records were analyzed by 5 researchers according to inductive content analysis steps and principles. RESULTS Pharmacy student records reflecting health advocacy roles were organized into 5 categories including, (1) disease prevention; (2) health promotion; (3) seamless care; (4) usual pharmacist care; and (5) professional advocacy. Although many activities were consistent with current competency role descriptions, they do not reflect educational outcomes associated with patient- or systems-level support necessary to address socio-political determinants of health. Although Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience in training evaluation reports included scores for items related to health advocacy competency, few students confirmed receiving specific written or verbal feedback. CONCLUSION Pharmacy students construct health advocacy roles in workplace-based training through biomedical-oriented practices with little direct input offered by supervisors. Pharmacy educational outcomes require contemporary updates to health advocacy competency descriptions which offer examples for practical enactment at system-level and recommendations for feedback and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojan Fazelipour
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amninder Dhatt
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tom Sun
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arwa Nemir
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kerry Wilbur
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Mathews M, Ryan D, Hedden L, Lukewich J, Marshall EG, Brown JB, Gill PS, McKay M, Wong E, Wetmore SJ, Buote R, Meredith L, Moritz L, Spencer S, Alexiadis M, Freeman TR, Letto A, Ryan BL, Sibbald SL, Terry AL. Family physician leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic: roles, functions and key supports. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl) 2022; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 35877594 DOI: 10.1108/lhs-03-2022-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Strong leadership in primary care is necessary to coordinate an effective pandemic response; however, descriptions of leadership roles for family physicians are absent from previous pandemic plans. This study aims to describe the leadership roles and functions family physicians played during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada and identify supports and barriers to formalizing these roles in future pandemic plans. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This study conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with family physicians across four regions in Canada as part of a multiple case study. During the interviews, participants were asked about their roles during each pandemic stage and the facilitators and barriers they experienced. Interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis approach was used to identify recurring themes. FINDINGS Sixty-eight family physicians completed interviews. Three key functions of family physician leadership during the pandemic were identified: conveying knowledge, developing and adapting protocols for primary care practices and advocacy. Each function involved curating and synthesizing information, tailoring communications based on individual needs and building upon established relationships. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Findings demonstrate the need for future pandemic plans to incorporate formal family physician leadership appointments, as well as supports such as training, communication aides and compensation to allow family physicians to enact these key roles. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique opportunity to examine the leadership roles of family physicians, which have been largely overlooked in past pandemic plans. This study's findings highlight the importance of these roles toward delivering an effective and coordinated pandemic response with uninterrupted and safe access to primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mathews
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Dana Ryan
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hedden
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Julia Lukewich
- Faculty of Nursing, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada
| | - Emily Gard Marshall
- Department of Family Medicine Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Judith Belle Brown
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Paul S Gill
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Eric Wong
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Stephen J Wetmore
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Richard Buote
- Department of Family Medicine Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Leslie Meredith
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Lauren Moritz
- Department of Family Medicine Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Sarah Spencer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Maria Alexiadis
- Department of Family Practice, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Canada
| | - Thomas R Freeman
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Aimee Letto
- Newfoundland and Labrador Medical Association, St. John's, Canada
| | - Bridget L Ryan
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Shannon L Sibbald
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Amanda Lee Terry
- Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University London, Canada, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Western University Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
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Maloney DPD, Moodie R, Daube M, Wilson AN. Are Australian junior doctors failing to act as health advocates? A qualitative analysis. Aust N Z J Public Health 2022; 46:527-532. [PMID: 35679054 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore junior doctors' attitudes towards and experiences of health advocacy practice and teaching in Australia. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 junior doctors across Australia. Data were thematically analysed. RESULTS Three themes were identified: i) participants inconsistently understood and practised health advocacy, with many failing to conduct any advocacy work; ii) distinct factors motivated and enabled participants to undertake health advocacy; however, these were largely unrelated to any formal medical education; iii) the current medical workplace and education system is non-conducive to health advocacy practice given the numerous barriers faced by junior doctors when engaging with health advocacy. CONCLUSIONS Health advocacy is generally poorly taught, weakly understood, and rarely performed despite being one of the four core graduate competencies of the Australian Medical Council (AMC). The AMC must clearly define health advocacy and its scope in their outcome statements, and this must be translated into medical education curricula and advocacy opportunities in the workplace. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Doctors are well-placed to act as public health advocates, yet they are denied the encouragement and training to do so. With the growing burden of complex and sensitive public health issues, junior doctors should be trained and encouraged in health advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P D Maloney
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Rob Moodie
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Mike Daube
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia
| | - Alyce N Wilson
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Victoria
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Mahapatra P, Sahoo KC, Jitendriya P, Samal M, Pati S. Qualitative research methods in psychiatry in India: Landscaping the terrain. Indian J Psychiatry 2021; 63:5-14. [PMID: 34083815 PMCID: PMC8106435 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_665_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qualitative research methods (QRMs) bear a critical role in psychiatry as they explore the phenomenology of psychiatric illness and its sociocultural dimensions. However, there is limited evidence regarding its use in psychiatric research in India. AIM This study, under the aegis of mapping qualitative health research in India initiative, attempted to landscape the use of QRMs in psychiatry and elicited expert opinion on its potential, perceived quality, and scope for improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed studies using qualitative methodology published in the Indian Journal of Psychiatry (IJP) and the abstracts presented at the Annual Conference of the Indian Psychiatric Society (ANCIPS) between 2010 and 2019. Titles and abstracts were screened and shortlisted; full-text articles were checked to identify the relevant ones. In addition, ten experts comprising psychiatry journal reviewers, editors, and conference scientific committee members were interviewed to elicit their views and suggestions. RESULTS Out of 356 papers published in IJP between 2010 and 2019, only 12 papers used QRMs: five qualitative and seven mixed methods. Out of 2297 abstracts published between 2010 and 2019 in ANCIPS, only 28 had used QRMs, consisting of 20 qualitative and eight mixed methods. The findings reveal that qualitative research is still an understudied domain in Indian psychiatry with a substantial need for rigor and quality. CONCLUSIONS To catalyze the use of qualitative research in Indian psychiatry, continuing medical education programs through workshops or webinar mode need to be imparted. These trainings should aim at building skills on qualitative study design, data collection, analysis, and writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Mahapatra
- Department of Psychiatry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Krushna Chandra Sahoo
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pritam Jitendriya
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mousumi Samal
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Sanders M, Fiscella K. Anti-racism Training Using the Biopsychosocial Model: Frederick Douglas' Earthquake, Whirlwind, Storm and Fire. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711966. [PMID: 34675823 PMCID: PMC8523815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rochester, New York is home to George Engel and the Biopsychosocial (BPS) model. Rochester was also home to Fredrick Douglas and a stop on the Underground Railroad. More recently, Rochester, New York is also where Daniel Prude died at the hands of the police. In this article, we discuss how our department of family medicine has incorporated race and racism into the BPS model and how we have used it to help primary care trainees become more effective in their work with Black Indigenous and people of color (BIPOC) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechelle Sanders
- Department of Family Medicine, Highland Family Medicine Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kevin Fiscella
- Department of Family Medicine, Highland Family Medicine Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Bernard C, Soklaridis S, Paton M, Fung K, Fefergrad M, Andermann L, Johnson A, Ferguson G, Iglar K, Whitehead CR. Family physicians and health advocacy: Is it really a difficult fit? CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2019; 65:491-496. [PMID: 31300435 PMCID: PMC6738460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether family medicine residents and faculty members appreciate the full spectrum of health advocacy as described in articles published in Canadian Family Physician in 2016 and to identify the perceived challenges and enablers of advocating across the entire spectrum. DESIGN Analysis of a subset of data from a qualitative study using semistructured interviews and focus groups. SETTING University of Toronto in Ontario. PARTICIPANTS A total of 9 family medicine faculty members and 6 family medicine residents. METHODS A subset of transcripts from a 2015 qualitative study that explored family medicine and psychiatry residents' and faculty members' understanding of the CanMEDS-Family Medicine health advocate role were reviewed, guided by interpretive descriptive methodology. MAIN FINDINGS Results indicated that family medicine physicians and residents were able to identify the full spectrum of advocacy described in the Canadian Family Physician articles and that they valued the role. Further, there was widespread agreement that being a health advocate was linked with their identities as health professionals. The time it takes to be a health advocate was seen as a barrier to being effective in the role, and the work was seen as extremely challenging owing to system constraints. Participants also described a gap in training relating to advocacy at the system level as a challenge. CONCLUSION Team-based care was seen as one of the most important enablers for becoming involved in the full spectrum of advocacy, as was time for personal reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Bernard
- Assistant Professor and Associate Program Director of Curriculum and Remediation for the postgraduate program in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto in Ontario and Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ont.
| | - Sophie Soklaridis
- Independent Scientist and Interim Director of Education Research at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto and Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto
| | - Morag Paton
- Doctoral candidate in the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto and Education Research Coordinator for Continuing Professional Development in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto
| | - Kenneth Fung
- Clinical Director for the Asian Initiative in Mental Health and Associate Professor in the Equity, Gender, and Population Division of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto
| | - Mark Fefergrad
- Assistant Professor and Program Director of Postgraduate Education in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto
| | - Lisa Andermann
- Associate Professor in the Equity, Gender, and Population Division of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Manager of Client and Family Education and CAMH Publications Education at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
| | - Genevieve Ferguson
- Was Research coordinator for this project through the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
| | - Karl Iglar
- Associate Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto
| | - Cynthia R Whitehead
- Associate Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto, Director and Scientist at the Wilson Centre for Research and Education, Vice President of Education at Women's College Hospital, and the BMO Financial Group Chair in Health Professions Research at University Health Network
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Griewatz J, Lammerding-Koeppel M. Intrinsic roles in the crosshair - strategic analysis of multi-site role implementation with an adapted matrix map approach. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:237. [PMID: 31248391 PMCID: PMC6598229 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of competency-based intrinsic roles in undergraduate medical education remains a challenge. Faculties in transition need to be provided with generalizable curricular data in order to facilitate orientation on curricular roles' representation and to decide on steps of curriculum development. Explicit and implicit representation of objectives and multi-site agreement can be viewed as status indicators for the adoption of roles. Our aim was to develop a pragmatic cross-locational approach to capture roles' developmental status in an overview and prioritize strategic recommendations. METHODS Based on the mapping data from six German medical faculties, the relationship between explicit and implicit curricular representation of role' objectives (weighting) and extent of programs' consent (agreement) was calculated. Data was visualized in a role-specific Matrix Map to analyse roles' implicit-explicit relation and risk-value potential. The matrix was combined with Roger's stages of innovation diffusion for differentiated interpretation of the developmental role status. RESULTS Entangling multi-site agreement and curricular weighting, the 4-Field-Matrix allows to assess objectives based on their current localization in a quadrant: "Disregard" (lower left) and "Progress" quadrant (upper left) reveal the diffusion period; "Potential" (lower right) and "Emphasis" quadrant (upper right) indicate the adoption period. The role patterns differ in curricular representation, progression and clarity: (1) Scholar: explicit/implicit - scattered across the matrix; most explicit objectives in "Progress". (2) Health Advocate: explicit - primarily in "Emphasis"; only role in which the explicit representation significantly exceeds the implicit. (3) Collaborator: explicit - mainly "Potential"; implicit - "Progress" or "Emphasis". (4) Professional: explicit - primarily "Potential" but also "Emphasis"; implicit - "Progress" and "Emphasis"; appears better adopted but scattered in weighting; high hidden curricula. (5) Manager: explicit and implicit - exclusively in "Potential", without signs of development. Role patterns correspond to evidences from literature. Exemplified with roles, quadrant-specific strategies and measures are suggested. Framework reviewers may gain information for discussion of critical content. CONCLUSION The Matrix Map enables to catch intuitively the status of intrinsic roles' profiles regarding role pattern, implicit-explicit relation and programs agreement. Thus, interpretation and informed discussions are fostered. Further target-oriented analyses and strategic developments can be conducted to enhance transparency and resource-efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Griewatz
- Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Competence Centre for University Teaching in Medicine, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Maria Lammerding-Koeppel
- Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Competence Centre for University Teaching in Medicine, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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