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Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 efficiently reduces radiation-induced liver injury and lipid accumulation through Kruppel-like factor 4 upregulation both in vivo and in vitro. Life Sci 2022; 310:121072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kobeissi JM, Hilal L, Simone CB, Lin H, Crane CH, Hajj C. Proton Therapy in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2900. [PMID: 35740567 PMCID: PMC9220794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton radiation therapy plays a central role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because of the near-zero exit dose and improved sparing of normal liver parenchyma, protons are being used even in challenging scenarios, including larger or multifocal liver tumors, and those associated with vascular tumor thrombus. There is a mounting level of evidence that suggests that protons are superior to photons in terms of survival and toxicity outcomes, specifically the progression to liver failure. A randomized controlled trial comparing protons to photons is currently underway to verify this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana M. Kobeissi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.M.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Lara Hilal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.M.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Charles B. Simone
- New York Proton Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY 10035, USA; (C.B.S.2nd); (H.L.)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Haibo Lin
- New York Proton Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY 10035, USA; (C.B.S.2nd); (H.L.)
| | - Christopher H. Crane
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Carla Hajj
- New York Proton Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY 10035, USA; (C.B.S.2nd); (H.L.)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY 10027, USA;
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Proton Beam Therapy in Managing Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bile Duct Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071616. [PMID: 35406392 PMCID: PMC8997051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct invasion is a rare and notorious subtype of HCC. This study included patients that had unresectable HCC with bile duct invasion and proton beam therapy between November 2015 and February 2021. Twenty patients fit the inclusion criteria. The median tumor size was 6.3 cm. Nine patients (45.0%) had major vascular invasions. All included patients received the radiation dose of 72.6 gray relative biological effectiveness due to the proximity of porta hepatis and tumor. The median follow-up time was 19.9 months. The median overall survival was 19.9 months among deceased patients. The 1-year cumulative local recurrence rates were 5.3%, with only two patients developing in-field failure. The 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 79.4% and 53.3%. The 1-year progression-free survival was 58.9%. Four patients developed radiation-induced liver disease. The 1-year cholangitis-free survival was 55.0%. Skin toxicity was the most common acute toxicity and rarely severe. Eight patients developed ≤ grade 3 gastrointestinal ulcers. Proton beam therapy offers desirable survival outcomes for unresectable HCC patients with bile duct invasion. Optimal local tumor control could also be obtained within acceptable toxicities.
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Lin SY, Chen CM, Huang BS, Lai YC, Pan KT, Lin SM, Chu SY, Tseng JH. A preliminary study of hepatocellular carcinoma post proton beam therapy using MRI as an early prediction of treatment effectiveness. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249003. [PMID: 33755701 PMCID: PMC7987140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To demonstrate the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for early prediction of proton beam therapy (PBT) effectiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Clinical data of the HCC patients without regional lymph node involvement or distant metastasis who received PBT at this institution between 2014 and 2017 were reviewed. A total of 43 patients were included. Tumor regression pattern after PBT were examined on the basis of follow-up duration. The variables were compared between patients with and without early tumor regression (ETR). Results The median follow-up duration was 40 months (range, 9–62 months). The cumulative overall survival rate at 6 months, 1 years and 5 years was 100%, 88.4%, 63.4%, respectively. Child-Pugh class A, local tumor control (LTC), complete response (CR), and ETR were significantly associated with overall survival (p < 0.05 each). Of 43 patients, 25 patients (58.1%) reached CR in the PBT-irradiated region. Twelve patients (27.9%) had a partial response and 3 patients (7.0%) had a stationary disease. Three patients (7.0%) developed in-field progression. The LTC rate at 5 years was 93.0%. Of the 25 patients who achieved a CR in the PBT-irradiated region, the median time to CR was 5 months (range, 1–19 months). Twenty-two patients (51.2%) showed ETR of the HCC, while 21 patients (48.8%) showed non-ETR. A significant association was observed between ETR and CR of the HCC after PBT (p < 0.001). Conclusion The post-PBT MRI follow-up at 3 months is helpful for monitoring therapeutic response. ETR of the HCC predicted a higher rate of CR and was associated with overall survival, which provides more accurate clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yen Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Shen Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Lai
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tse Pan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ming Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yu Chu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Hwei Tseng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Tsai YL, Takei H, Iizumi T, Okumura T, Sekino Y, Numajiri H, Ishikawa H, Sakae T, Sakurai H. Capacity of proton beams in preserving normal liver tissue during proton beam therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:133-141. [PMID: 33392617 PMCID: PMC7779355 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unirradiated liver volume (ULV) preservation rate is an important factor associated with radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing proton beam therapy (PBT). The purpose of this study is to identify the predictors for ULV preservation and quantify the capacity of proton beams in normal liver sparing during PBT. We reviewed planning data of 92 patients with single intrahepatic HCC tumors undergoing PBT. The potential clinical and planning factors that may affect ULV preservation were involved in multiple linear regression for ULV preservation rate. The significant factors were determined to be predictors and their influences were quantified. The median ULV preservation rate was 62.08%. All the assessed clinical factors showed significant effects on ULV preservation rate: clinical target volume (CTV), P < 0.001; portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT), P = 0.010; left lobe tumor, P = 0.010. In contrast, none of the planning factors demonstrated significance. The coefficients of significant factors in multiple linear regression were 60.85 for intercept, -0.02 for CTV, -9.01 for PVTT and 8.31 for left lobe tumors. The capacity of proton beams to spare normal liver tissue during PBT for HCC is mainly affected by clinical factors. The baseline of the ULV preservation rate is 60.85%, decreasing 0.02% with each milliliter of CTV increase and 9.01% for tumors with PVTT, and increasing 8.31% for tumors limited to the left lobe. Further clinical studies should be carried out to correlate our dosimetric findings with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lun Tsai
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cathay General Hospital, 280 Renai Rd. Sec.4, Taipei, Taiwan. Tel: +886227082121#3711; E-mail:
| | - Hideyuki Takei
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Iizumi
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Okumura
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuta Sekino
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruko Numajiri
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeji Sakae
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakurai
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Cheng JY, Liu CM, Wang YM, Hsu HC, Huang EY, Huang TT, Lee CH, Hung SP, Huang BS. Proton versus photon radiotherapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity-matched analysis. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:159. [PMID: 32605627 PMCID: PMC7325065 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proton radiotherapy has a dosimetric advantage over photon radiotherapy. Many retrospective studies have shown promising results with proton radiotherapy in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, clinical evidence demonstrating the benefit of protons over photons is still limited. We therefore compared the clinical outcomes of the two modalities using medical research databases from our medical foundation. Methods We conducted a propensity score-matched cohort study based on our multi-institution medical organization research database. From January 2007 to January 2018, a total of 413 patients (photon: 349; proton: 64) who were diagnosed with HCC and primarily treated with radiotherapy with curative intent were enrolled. Overall survival (OS) and radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) were assessed. Stratified analysis was also performed to evaluate the heterogeneous effects of the two arms. Results A total of 110 patients (photon: 55; proton: 55) were analyzed in the propensity-matched series. The matched groups were balanced for baseline tumor risk factors. Cox regression analysis revealed a significant survival benefit in the proton group (p = 0.032, HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33–0.96). The median overall survival in the proton group was not reached and that in the photon group was 17.4 months. The biological equivalent dose of radiotherapy was significantly higher in the proton group than in the photon group (median, 96.56 Gray [relative biological effectiveness] vs. 62.5 Gray, p < 0.001). The risk of RILD was significantly lower in the proton group (11.8% vs. 36%, p = 0.004). Conclusions Proton radiotherapy could deliver a higher radiation dose than photon radiotherapy without increasing the risk of RILD and result in a better overall survival rate for those diagnosed with HCC and treated with radiotherapy with curative intent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yu Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Min Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chih Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eng-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsin Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ping Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Shen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Hsieh CE, Venkatesulu BP, Lee CH, Hung SP, Wong PF, Aithala SP, Kim BK, Rao A, Tung-Chieh Chang J, Tsang NM, Wang CC, Lee CC, Lin CC, Tseng JH, Chou WC, Wang YC, Krishnan S, Hong JH. Predictors of Radiation-Induced Liver Disease in Eastern and Western Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Proton Beam Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 105:73-86. [PMID: 30797890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify predictors of radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with proton beam therapy (PBT). METHODS This multicenter study included 136 patients with HCC (eastern, n = 102; western, n = 34) without evidence of intrahepatic tumor progression after PBT. The RILD was defined as ascites with alkaline-phosphatase abnormality, grade ≥3 hepatic toxicity, or Child-Pugh score worsening by ≥2 within 4 months after PBT completion. The proton doses were converted to equivalent doses in 2-GyE fractions. The unirradiated liver volume (ULV) was defined as the absolute liver volume (LV) receiving <1 GyE; the standard liver volume (SLV) was calculated using body surface area. Possible correlations of clinicodosimetric parameters with RILD were examined. RESULTS The mean pretreatment LV was 85% of SLV, and patients with a history of hepatectomy (P < .001) or hepatitis B virus infection (P = .035) had significantly smaller LV/SLV. Nineteen (14%) patients developed RILD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified ULV/SLV (P = .001), gross tumor volume (P = .001), and Child-Pugh classification (P = .002) as independent RILD predictors, and mean liver dose and target-delivered dose were not associated with RILD occurrence. A "volume-response" relationship between ULV/SLV and RILD was consistently observed in both eastern and western cohorts. In Child-Pugh class-A patients whose ULV/SLV were ≥50%, 49.9%-40%, 39.9%-30% and <30%, the RILD incidences were 0%, 6%, 16%, and 39% (P < .001), respectively. For the Child-Pugh class-B group, the RILD incidences in patients with ≥60%, 59.9%-40%, and <40% of ULV/SLV were 0%, 14%, and 83% (P = .006), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The ULV/SLV, not mean liver dose, independently predicts RILD in patients with HCC undergoing PBT. The relative and absolute contraindications for Child-Pugh class-A patient's ULV/SLV are <50% and <30%, and <60% and <40% for Child-Pugh class-B patients, respectively. Our results indicate that the likelihood of hepatic complications for PBT is dictated by similar metrics as that for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-En Hsieh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China; Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Bhanu Prasad Venkatesulu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ching-Hsin Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China
| | - Pei-Fong Wong
- Department of Radiation Physics, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sathvik Panambur Aithala
- Department of Radiation Physics, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Byung Kyu Kim
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joseph Tung-Chieh Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China
| | - Ngan-Ming Tsang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China
| | - Chung-Chi Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China
| | - Chen-Chun Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China
| | - Jeng-Hwei Tseng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ji-Hong Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China; Department of Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China.
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