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Haresaku S, Chishaki A, Hatakeyama J, Yoshinaga Y, Yoshizumi J, Yamamoto M, Matsuzaki E, Hamanaka I, TsutsumI T, Taniguchi Y, Ohgi K, Yoneda M. Current status and factors of periodontal disease among Japanese high school students: a cross-sectional study. BDJ Open 2023; 9:29. [PMID: 37452032 PMCID: PMC10349062 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-023-00149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of periodontal disease and the factors of the disease among high school students. METHOD The participants were all students aged 15-18 years (n = 1202) at a high school in Japan. The data on oral health perceptions and behaviours were collected by a questionnaire survey. The prevalence of periodontal disease among them was investigated with the partial community periodontal index (PCPI). A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the PCPI. RESULTS A total of 1069 students (88.9%) participated in this study. The prevalence of gingival bleeding, calculus, pocket depth of 4-5 mm, and pocket depth of 6 mm or more were 44.2%, 42.2%, 11.4%, and 1.6%, respectively. Approximately one-third of the students had a fear of dental treatment, and only 28.4% used dental floss. The results of logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex and school year, showed that not visiting dentists regularly, not using dental floss, brushing teeth for less than 5 min, fear of dental treatment, and drinking sports drinks frequently were positively associated with periodontal conditions. CONCLUSION This study identified a high prevalence of periodontal disease among Japanese high school students aged 15-18 years and its risk factors, such as poor oral health behaviours and fear of dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Haresaku
- Department of Nursing, Fukuoka Nursing College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan.
| | - Akiko Chishaki
- Department of Nursing, Fukuoka Nursing College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
- Medical Examination Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Medical and Dental General Hospital, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Junko Hatakeyama
- Medical Examination Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Medical and Dental General Hospital, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yoshinaga
- Medical Examination Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Medical and Dental General Hospital, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Junko Yoshizumi
- Section of Oral Oncology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fukuoka Dental College, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Mito Yamamoto
- Fukuoka Dental Hygienist School, 1-12-43 Daimyo, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-0041, Japan
| | - Etsuko Matsuzaki
- Medical Examination Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Medical and Dental General Hospital, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
- Section of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Ippei Hamanaka
- Medical Examination Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Medical and Dental General Hospital, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
- Section of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Takashi TsutsumI
- Medical Examination Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Medical and Dental General Hospital, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
- The Center for Visiting Dental Service, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Yusuke Taniguchi
- Medical Examination Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Medical and Dental General Hospital, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
- Section of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Kimiko Ohgi
- Medical Examination Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Medical and Dental General Hospital, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoneda
- Medical Examination Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Medical and Dental General Hospital, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
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de Souza VGL, Herkrath FJ, Garnelo L, Gomes AC, Lemos UM, Parente RCP, Herkrath APCDQ. Contextual and individual factors associated with self-reported tooth loss among adults and elderly residents in rural riverside areas: A cross-sectional household-based survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277845. [PMID: 36413557 PMCID: PMC9681076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth loss is an oral health condition with high prevalence and negative impact on quality of life. It is the result of the history of oral diseases and their treatment as well as provision of dental care and access to dental services. Socioeconomic characteristics are determinants of tooth loss and living in rural areas is also a risk factor for its incidence. OBJECTIVE To identify contextual and individual factors associated with self-reported tooth loss among adults and elderly people living in rural riverside areas. METHODS A cross-sectional household-based survey was conducted in 2019 with rural riverside communities on the left bank of the Rio Negro River, Manaus, Amazonas. These communities are covered by a fluvial health team and two riverside health teams. Interviews were conducted in a representative random sample of dwellers aged ≥ 18 years, using electronic forms to obtain information on oral health conditions, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and use of and access to health services. The outcome was self-reported tooth loss. After the descriptive analysis of the data, a multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence ratio for the outcome. Variables with p-value ≤0.20 in the bivariate analyses were included in the multiple analysis considering the hierarchy between individual and contextual variables in the multilevel model. Variables with p-value ≤0.10 were kept in the final model and the significance level adopted was 0.05. RESULTS 603 individuals from 357 households were assessed (mean age 44.1 years). The average number of missing teeth was 11.2 (±11.6); 27.4% of individuals had lost more than 20 teeth (non-functional dentition) and 12.1% were completely edentulous. Contextual characteristic of primary healthcare offered was associated with the outcome. The tooth loss was lower in territories covered by riverside health teams. At individual level, tooth loss was greater in older individuals who had experienced dental pain over the past six months and whose sugar consumption was high. Black or brown individuals, individuals whose household income was higher, those who were on the Bolsa Família cash transfer program, those who consulted a dentist over the past year, and those who reported satisfaction with their teeth/oral health reported less tooth loss. CONCLUSION Tooth loss was associated with contextual territorial factors related to the healthcare service and individual demographic, behavioral, socioeconomic, and service-related characteristics as well as self-perceived oral health conditions. The findings suggest that actions focused on the oral health of these populations involve not only changes in the healthcare service organization, but also intersectoral policies that contribute to reducing social inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando José Herkrath
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Superior School of Health Siences, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Luiza Garnelo
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Andréia Coelho Gomes
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Huang Q, Dong X. Prevalence of periodontal disease in middle-aged and elderly patients and its influencing factors. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:5677-5684. [PMID: 36105065 PMCID: PMC9452307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of periodontal disease in middle-aged and elderly patients and analyze its influencing factors. METHODS A total of 521 patients admitted to the Department of Stomatology of Fuyang District Chinese Medicine Hospital of Hangzhou from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively collected as study subjects, including 176 patients aged 35-44 years old, 175 patients aged 45-64 years old, and 170 patients aged 65-74 years old. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) probe was used to detect gingival bleeding, periodontal pockets and attachment loss, and the prevalence of periodontal disease and its influencing factors were analyzed. RESULTS In the age group of 35-44, gingival bleeding was detected in 165 (93.75%) cases and dental calculus was detected in 176 (100.00%) cases; in the age group of 45-64, gingival bleeding was detected in 163 (93.14%) cases and dental calculus was detected in 161 (92.00%) cases; in the age group of 65-74, gingival bleeding was detected in 150 (88.24%) cases and dental calculus was detected in 162 (95.29%) cases. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of shallow periodontal pockets, deep periodontal pockets, and loss of periodontal attachment among the three groups (P<0.05). There wasalso asignificant difference in the detection rate of periodontitis among the three groups (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, place of residence, smoking, alcohol consumption, brushing frequency, and dental cleaning in the past year were all associated with the occurrence of periodontitis (P<0.05). Logistic multi-factor regression analysis showed that age was a risk factor for the development of periodontitis in middle-aged and elderly patients (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of periodontal disease in middle-aged and elderly individuals is high, with a high prevalence of gingival bleeding and shallow periodontal pockets. Age is an influencing factor on the incidence of periodontitis in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Fuyang District Chinese Medicine Hospital of Hangzhou Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Fuyang District Chinese Medicine Hospital of Hangzhou Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
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Nekouei AH, Kakoei S, Najafipour H, Kakooei S, Mirzaee M. Determinants of oral-health-related quality of life among adult people in Iran. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022; 19:50. [PMID: 35923581 PMCID: PMC9341239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) assesses the subjective perception of oral health and its impact on the quality of life. The aim of this study is to measure the OHRQoL and its determinants among adult people living in Kerman, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 5657 adult people (18-64 years) residing in the Kerman district, both in the rural and urban areas, were enrolled in the study between September 2014 and April 2018. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and the oral health indices, such as the total decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT), community periodontal index (CPI), gingival index (GI), and xerostomia, were measured by an experienced dentist. The demographic variables of gender, age, educational status, and marital status were also recorded. The impact of the studied variables on OHRQoL was evaluated with multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Participants were 2239 (39.58%) men, and average age was 45.39. The mean scores for OHRQoL, DMFT, CPI and GI were respectively: 24.07 (7.76), 10.7 (6.86), 0.76 (0.96), 0.63 (0.8). The frequency of people with xerostomia was 37.4. 301 (53.3%) of people had poor quality of life related to oral health. In multivariable analysis, there was a statistically significant increase in OHRQoL with an increase in the DMFT (P < 0.001), xerostomia (P < 0.001), CPI, (P < 0.001). Men had a significantly higher OHIP score than women (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, DMFT, xerostomia, and CPI scores are strongly related to OHIP scores. In addition, between CPI and GI scores, the CPI score is the better predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Nekouei
- Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahla Kakoei
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Address for correspondence: Prof. Shahla Kakoei, Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sina Kakooei
- Endodontology Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moghaddameh Mirzaee
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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The impact of erosive tooth wear related to masticatory quality in an indigenous Brazilian population: A cross-sectional study. Int Orthod 2022; 20:100643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bhat M, Bhat S, Brondani M, Mejia GC, Pradhan A, Roberts-Thomson K, Do LG. Prevalence, Extent, and Severity of Oral Health Impacts Among Adults in Rural Karnataka, India. JDR Clin Trans Res 2020; 6:242-250. [PMID: 32516023 DOI: 10.1177/2380084420932163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral health affects quality of life. Many studies have investigated the factors associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Little is known about OHRQoL of adults living in rural and remote areas of India, where many have lower levels of education and limited availability of oral health care services. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, extent, and severity of OHRQoL impacts associated with psychosocial factors, functional dentition, and patterns of dental visits among rural Indian adults between the ages of 35 and 54 y. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with a multistage stratified sampling strategy targeting 35- to 54-year-olds. Interviews and oral examinations were performed to collect data on sociodemographic variables, Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), patterns of dental visits, stress, tobacco and alcohol use, and dentition status. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariable analyses were done to determine the factors associated with prevalence, extent, and severity of OHIP-14 using SAS version 9.3. RESULTS There were 873 participants. Prevalence, extent, and severity of OHIP-14 were 13.4%, 0.5 (0.4-0.7), and 11.8 (11.2-12.5), respectively. The OHIP-14 impacts reported were not severe and mostly affected physical functioning. Levels of education, income, and number of functional teeth (FT) were inversely associated and last dental visit within the previous year was positively associated with prevalence, extent, and severity of OHIP-14. The prevalence of 1 or more oral health impacts was nearly 13% among rural middle-aged adults in India. CONCLUSIONS Low socioeconomic conditions, dental visits, and FT ≤19 were positively associated with prevalence, extent, and severity of oral health impacts. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT This article provides data regarding OHRQoL of people in rural areas of a developing country. The study was intended to determine the factors associated with OHRQoL in rural people who are less educated and living in areas with minimal oral health care facilities. The findings of this study could potentially facilitate further research and health promotional activities for rural people of developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhat
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Australia (ARCPOH)
| | - S Bhat
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences Mangalore, India
| | - M Brondani
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G C Mejia
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Australia (ARCPOH).,SA Aboriginal Chronic Disease Consortium Wardliparingga South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - A Pradhan
- University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K Roberts-Thomson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Australia (ARCPOH)
| | - L G Do
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Australia (ARCPOH)
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Xiang B, Wong HM, Perfecto AP, McGrath CPJ. The association of socio-economic status, dental anxiety, and behavioral and clinical variables with adolescents' oral health-related quality of life. Qual Life Res 2020; 29:2455-2464. [PMID: 32307626 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-020-02504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is not clear which factors hold more weight in predicting oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Therefore, this study explored which component of factors (e.g., socio-economic status, clinical status or oral health behaviors, dental anxiety, oral health knowledge) has a better predictive value in different aspects (e.g., oral symptoms, functional limitations, social and emotional conditions) of adolescents' OHRQoL. METHODS Participants were randomly selected from Grade Two (S2) students within 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong. The independent variables include the following : socio-economic (monthly family income, parents' educational background), oral health behaviors (the frequency of brushing and having snacks like chocolate or biscuits), and oral health-related factors (oral health knowledge, dental anxiety, dental caries and bleeding index). Adolescents' OHRQoL was evaluated using the 16-item Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14-ISF:16). Frequencies and means were used for data description. Different variables were analyzed as predictors of OHRQoL by multi-level linear regression analysis. RESULTS 1207 adolescents (46.6% females) participated in this study. The mean total CPQ11-14-ISF:16 was 14.2 (9.8). Mean scores of oral symptoms, functional limitations, and emotional and social well-being were 4.4 (2.8), 4.2 (2.8), 3.2 (3.1), and 2.4 (2.7), respectively. In the final model, adolescents with poorer oral health knowledge, higher dental anxiety levels, brushed their teeth less than once a day and consumed chocolates or biscuits more regularly as reported by a statistically worse OHRQoL (p < 0.05). In addition, gingival bleeding was a predictor of the oral symptom domain (β = 0.7, p = 0.027); the emotional well-being of adolescents whose father went to college had a better OHRQoL (β = - 0.9, p = 0.014) and adolescents from the higher-income family had a statistically better social well-being (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Our study indicates that adolescents with poorer oral health knowledge, higher dental anxiety levels, brushing their teeth less than once a day, or having a daily consumption of chocolate or biscuits had statistically worse OHRQoL. These findings can provide guidance for future oral health promotion in improving OHRQoL among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilu Xiang
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hai Ming Wong
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Antonio P Perfecto
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman P J McGrath
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chou FC, Huang LL, Hsieh KY, Chen SW, Yu SF, Chang SM, Chen SY. The Impact of Sex Differences and Oral Health Behaviors on Oral Health-related Quality of Life among Patients with Schizophrenia in Taiwan: A Cross-sectional Study. TAIWANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_35_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Fernández-Barrera MÁ, Lara-Carrillo E, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Pontigo-Loyola AP, Ávila-Burgos L, Casanova-Rosado JF, Casanova-Rosado AJ, Minaya-Sánchez M, Medina-Solís CE. Study protocol of the cost-effectiveness comparison of two preventive methods in the incidence of caries: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16634. [PMID: 31348316 PMCID: PMC6709256 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries is the most frequent oral disease worldwide and the main cause of tooth loss in children and young adults. One of the most frequently affected areas is the occlusal surfaces of the first permanent molars (FPM) due to their morphological complexity. At present, several preventive treatments can reduce the incidence of this disease in school populations. In Mexico, the most commonly used technologies are those derived from some presentation of fluoride; on the other hand, research on this topic has been limited. OBJECTIVE To determine the cost-effectiveness of two different methods for preventing the incidence of caries on the FPM of schoolchildren (6-8 years of age) from public primary schools. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a randomized experimental design. Participants will be assigned to two treatment groups of 114 each. In the first group, pit and fissure sealants will be applied, whereas the second group will receive a fluoride varnish. The work will be carried out in schoolchildren that attend public elementary schools in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. The result variable will be the incidence of caries and the total cost of each of the interventions will be calculated in order to calculate the intervention's cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSION This work will allow us to compare the cost-effectiveness of the pit and fissure sealants and the fluoride varnish in order to determine which offers the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Fernández-Barrera
- Program of Doctorate in Health Sciences, Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
| | - Edith Lara-Carrillo
- Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry “Dr. Keisaburo Miyata” of Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca
| | - Rogelio José Scougall-Vilchis
- Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry “Dr. Keisaburo Miyata” of Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
- Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry “Dr. Keisaburo Miyata” of Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca
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