1
|
González Sanguino C, Santos-Olmo AB, Zamorano S, Sánchez-Iglesias I, Muñoz López M. The stigma of mental health problems: A cross-sectional study in a representative sample of Spain. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1928-1937. [PMID: 37300414 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231180124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health stigma is a relevant phenomenon with implications for the people who suffer from it. Despite its importance, no studies have been carried out in Spain at national level with a representative sample of the population. AIMS The aim of this research is to analyze the stigma associated with MHPs in a representative sample of the Spanish population for the first time. METHOD A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study was carried out with a representative sample of the population (N = 2746). Descriptive analyses and regressions are carried out on the different dimensions of stigma such as attitude, attribution and intention of social distance. RESULTS Medium levels of stigma are obtained in stigmatizing attitudes and attributions, and medium-low levels in the intention of social distance. The best predictors of stigma in its different dimensions are attitudes, attributions and intention of social distance themselves. Progressive political ideology is related to less stigma in all dimensions. Knowing someone with mental health problems and talking openly about it together with higher education are also relevant protectors. Mixed results are obtained regarding age, gender and help-seeking. CONCLUSION National programs and campaigns focused on attitudes, attributions and behavioral intentions are necessary to reduce the stigma still present in Spanish society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara González Sanguino
- Department of Psychology, School of Education and Social Work, University of Valladolid, Spain
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Santos-Olmo
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Zamorano
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Sánchez-Iglesias
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz López
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kapadia D. Stigma, mental illness & ethnicity: Time to centre racism and structural stigma. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2023; 45:855-871. [PMID: 36738120 PMCID: PMC10946858 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This article critically reviews previous research in the field of stigma, mental illness and 'race' and ethnicity, and argues for a shift of focus from individual and community blame, as inferred by mental illness stigma, to a more comprehensive view of how stigma operates against a backdrop of structural and institutional racism. Ethnic minority people have poorer mental health outcomes compared with White majority populations. Dominant narratives of greater mental illness stigma in ethnic minority populations, due to religious, spiritual or traditional beliefs and leading to a lower use of services, have taken centre stage in the explanations for these consequent poorer outcomes. This article argues that this 'fact' has become taken for granted as knowledge without corresponding comparative research evidence. Research in the field has also failed to robustly consider how racism might operate in conjunction with different forms of mental illness stigma (particularly structural stigma) to exacerbate mental illness and influence pathways to mental health treatment. Future research should centre the role of racism and structural stigma in explaining the poorer mental health outcomes for ethnic minority people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmi Kapadia
- Department of SociologyThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gagné T, Henderson C, McMunn A. Is the self-reporting of mental health problems sensitive to public stigma towards mental illness? A comparison of time trends across English regions (2009-19). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:671-680. [PMID: 36473961 PMCID: PMC9735159 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of mental health problems has rapidly increased over time. The extent to which this captures changes in self-reporting due to decreasing stigma is unclear. We explore this by comparing time trends in mental health and stigma-related indicators across English regions. METHODS We produced annual estimates of self-reported mental disorders (SRMDs) across waves of the Health Survey for England (2009-18, n = 78,226) and three stigma-related indicators (knowledge, attitudes, and intended behaviour) across waves of the Attitudes Towards Mental Illness survey (2009-19, n = 17,287). Differences in trends were tested across nine Government Office Regions using linear models, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, and social class. RESULTS In 2009, SRMDs did not vary by region (p = 0.916), whereas stigma-related indicators did (p < 0.001), with London having the highest level of stigma and the North East having lowest level of stigma. Between 2009 and 2018, the prevalence of SRMDs increased from 4.3 to 9.1%. SRMDs increased and stigma-related indicators improved at different rates across regions over time (SRMDs p = 0.024; stigma-related indicators p < 0.001). London reported the lowest increase in SRMDs (+ 0.3 percentage point per year) yet among the largest improvements in attitudes and intended behaviour across regions. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in attitudes towards mental illness did not mirror changes in self-reported mental health problems across English regions over the past decade. The findings do not support the argument that changes in public stigma, at least when defined at this regional scale, have been driving the increase in self-reported mental health indicators in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Gagné
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, Office 346, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
- International Centre for Lifecourse Studies in Society and Health, London, UK.
| | - Claire Henderson
- Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anne McMunn
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, Office 346, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- International Centre for Lifecourse Studies in Society and Health, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
González-Sanguino C, Muñoz M. Predictors of Implicit and Explicit Internalized Stigma in a Sample With Different Mental Illness Diagnoses. J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:665-671. [PMID: 35344973 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This research aimed to study implicit and explicit internalized stigma and its relationship with other variables in a sample of people with distinct mental illness diagnoses ( N = 160). Descriptive analysis, mean differences, correlations, and stepwise regression models were conducted. Implicit and explicit internalized stigma was found throughout the sample with differences depending on certain sociodemographic variables. Regression models revealed symptomatology, physical environment, personality traits, references to mental illness, and the time taken to seek professional help as predictors of explicit internalized stigma. At the implicit level, only self-esteem was found as a predictor explaining a low percentage of the variance. The results obtained underline the differences between implicit and explicit stigma, suggesting different relevant variables for interventions focused on prevention and internalized stigma reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara González-Sanguino
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, University Complutense of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigmatized attitudes towards people with mental illness may influence treatment choice for oneself and others. AIM To gauge the attitudes of the UK general public towards treatment at home for mental illness and to assess the extent to which non-acceptability was related to stigmatized attitudes. METHODS Two hundred and two (101 female) people living in the UK completed an online (vignette) questionnaire in which we asked demographic details and personal experience of mental illness. To measure stigma, we used an adapted version of the Attitudes to Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ) with vignettes asking about treatment at home and using scales for social distance and poor expectations; participants also filled in the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS). RESULTS Participants did not evidence overall agreement with treatment at home for mental illness (i.e. >0; range = -16-to-+16, Mean (M) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.08, 1.80, p = .073), although they showed significant agreement with treatment at home should they experience mental illness themselves (range = -8-to-+8, M = 1.36, CI = 0.82, 1.89, p < .001). Acceptability for treatment at home differed according to specific mental illness considered (range = -4-to-+4); depression (M = 0.47, CI = 0.13, 0.81, p = .006) and alcohol abuse (M = 1.46, CI = 1.14,1.77, p < .001) were considered suitable for being treated at home but schizophrenia was not (M = -0.78, CI = -1.13,-0.43, p < .001). Multivariate analyses revealed that older age and attitudes indicating comfort with less social distance from people with mental illness were independently associated with treatment at home agreeability. CONCLUSIONS Public acceptability of home treatment for mental illness remains ambivalent in the UK, most obviously when considering treatment approaches for individuals other than themselves and for people with schizophrenia. Disagreement with home treatment is particularly evident in younger people and those who prefer less social contact with people with mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allerdiena A Hubbeling
- Wandsworth Home Treatment Team, South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, Springfield University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jared G Smith
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leary E, Zachary I, Kyeong NY. Regional Differences in Serious Psychological Distress and Overall Physical and Mental Health. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:770-778. [PMID: 34455555 PMCID: PMC8403461 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To determine regional differences in the prevalence of overall physical health, overall mental health, and serious psychological distress (SPD). Data from the 2004 to 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were used for weighted analysis across region. Relationship modifiers considered were sociodemographic factors, health factors, and measures of health expenditures. A higher burden ratio of health care expenditures is negatively associated with health outcomes, across all US regions and insurance. Compared to 2004 values, SPD, overall physical health, and mental health are significantly improved after 2014. This research supports the whole health paradigm, indicating that overall mental and physical health are closely related. The burden of health care costs is an important consideration and related to overall health outcomes, regardless of insurance status or region. These considerations are likely increasingly important to consider with recent global events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Leary
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Iris Zachary
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Na Young Kyeong
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Henderson C, Potts L, Robinson EJ. Mental illness stigma after a decade of Time to Change England: inequalities as targets for further improvement. Eur J Public Health 2021; 30:526-532. [PMID: 32531039 PMCID: PMC7292343 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background England’s Time to Change programme to reduce mental health-related stigma and discrimination included a social marketing campaign using traditional and social media, and targeted middle-income groups aged 25–45 between 2009 and 2016. From 2017, the same age group on low to middle incomes were targeted, and the content focused on men’s mental health, by changing the advertising and adapting the ‘key messages’. This study investigates changes in stigma-related public knowledge, attitudes and desire for social distance in England since Time to Change began in 2008–19 and for 2017–19. Methods Using data from a face-to-face survey of a nationally representative quota sample of adults for England, we evaluated longitudinal trends in outcomes with regression analyses and made assumptions based on a simple random sample. The pre-existing survey used a measure of attitudes; measures of knowledge and desire for social distance were added in 2009. Results Reported in standard deviation units (95% CI), the improvement for knowledge for 2009–19 was 0.25 (0.19, 0.32); for attitudes, 2008–19, 0.32 (0.26, 0.39) and for desire for social distance, 2009–19 0.29 (0.23, 0.36). Significant interactions between year and both region and age suggest greater improvements in London, where stigma is higher, and narrowing of age differences. There were significant improvements between 2017 and 2019 in knowledge [0.09 (0.02, 0.16)] and attitudes [0.08 (0.02, 0.14)] but not social distance. Conclusion The positive changes support the effectiveness of Time to Change but cannot be definitively attributed to it. Inequalities in stigma by demographic characteristics present targets for research and intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Henderson
- Health Service and Population Research Department P029, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Laura Potts
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Emily J Robinson
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Walsh DAB, Foster JLH. A Call to Action. A Critical Review of Mental Health Related Anti-stigma Campaigns. Front Public Health 2021; 8:569539. [PMID: 33490010 PMCID: PMC7820374 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.569539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a knowledge-attitudes-behavior practice (KABP) paradigm, professionals have focused on educating the public in biomedical explanations of mental illness. Especially in high-income countries, it is now common for education-based campaigns to also include some form of social contact and to be tailored to key groups. However, and despite over 20 years of high-profile national campaigns (e.g., Time to Change in England; Beyond Blue in Australia), examinations suggest that the public continue to Other those with experiences of mental ill-health. Furthermore, evaluations of anti-stigma programs are found to have weak- to no significant long-term effects, and serious concerns have been raised over their possible unintended consequences. Accordingly, this article critically re-engages with the literature. We evidence that there have been systematic issues in problem conceptualization. Namely, the KABP paradigm does not respond to the multiple forms of knowledge embodied in every life, often outside conscious awareness. Furthermore, we highlight how a singular focus on addressing the public's perceived deficits in professionalized forms of knowledge has sustained public practices which divide between "us" and "them." In addition, we show that practitioners have not fully appreciated the social processes which Other individuals with experiences of mental illness, nor how these processes motivate the public to maintain distance from those perceived to embody this devalued form of social identity. Lastly, we suggest methodological tools which would allow public health professionals to fully explore these identity-related social processes. Whilst some readers may be frustrated by the lack of clear solutions provided in this paper, given the serious unintended consequences of anti-stigma campaigns, we caution against making simplified statements on how to correct public health campaigns. Instead, this review should be seen as a call to action. We hope that by fully exploring these processes, we can develop new interventions rooted in the ways the public make sense of mental health and illness.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tsai CH, Kao YC, Lien YJ. The Relationship between Individual-Level and Context-Level Factors and Social Distancing from Patients with Depression in Taiwan: A Multilevel Analysis of National Surveys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197109. [PMID: 32998328 PMCID: PMC7579483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Research on social distancing from patients with depression has primarily focused on individual-level factors rather than context-level factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between individual-level and context-level factors and social distancing from depressive patients. Methods: Sample data were collected via computer-assisted telephone interviews with 800 Taiwanese adults aged 20 to 65 years in 2016. All effects were tested using multilevel analysis. Results: With regard to individual-level variables, male sex, older age, people with more perceived dangerousness and those with more emotional reaction of fear were associated with greater social distancing from depressive patients. After controlling for individual-level variables, a positive association was found between the degree of urbanization and social distancing. We also found the interaction between the density of psychiatric rehabilitation services and perceived dangerousness to be associated with social distance. This finding revealed that persons with more perceived dangerousness and living in a region with higher density of psychiatric rehabilitation services were associated with greater social distance. Conclusions: We found that social distancing from depressive patients is not only determined by individual-level factors but influenced by the surroundings. This study provides useful directions for the implementation of optimal anti-stigma interventions for patients with depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chen Kao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Yin-Ju Lien
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhavsar V, Sanyal J, Patel R, Shetty H, Velupillai S, Stewart R, Broadbent M, MacCabe JH, Das-Munshi J, Howard LM. The association between neighbourhood characteristics and physical victimisation in men and women with mental disorders. BJPsych Open 2020; 6:e73. [PMID: 32669154 PMCID: PMC7443921 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How neighbourhood characteristics affect the physical safety of people with mental illness is unclear. AIMS To examine neighbourhood effects on physical victimisation towards people using mental health services. METHOD We developed and evaluated a machine-learning-derived free-text-based natural language processing (NLP) algorithm to ascertain clinical text referring to physical victimisation. This was applied to records on all patients attending National Health Service mental health services in Southeast London. Sociodemographic and clinical data, and diagnostic information on use of acute hospital care (from Hospital Episode Statistics, linked to Clinical Record Interactive Search), were collected in this group, defined as 'cases' and concurrently sampled controls. Multilevel logistic regression models estimated associations (odds ratios, ORs) between neighbourhood-level fragmentation, crime, income deprivation, and population density and physical victimisation. RESULTS Based on a human-rated gold standard, the NLP algorithm had a positive predictive value of 0.92 and sensitivity of 0.98 for (clinically recorded) physical victimisation. A 1 s.d. increase in neighbourhood crime was accompanied by a 7% increase in odds of physical victimisation in women and an 13% increase in men (adjusted OR (aOR) for women: 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14, aOR for men: 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.21, P for gender interaction, 0.218). Although small, adjusted associations for neighbourhood fragmentation appeared greater in magnitude for women (aOR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.11) than men, where this association was not statistically significant (aOR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.95-1.04, P for gender interaction, 0.096). Neighbourhood income deprivation was associated with victimisation in men and women with similar magnitudes of association. CONCLUSIONS Neighbourhood factors influencing safety, as well as individual characteristics including gender, may be relevant to understanding pathways to physical victimisation towards people with mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Bhavsar
- Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Jyoti Sanyal
- Clinical Informatics, BRC Nucleus, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Rashmi Patel
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Hitesh Shetty
- Clinical Informatics, BRC Nucleus, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Robert Stewart
- BRC Nucleus, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Matthew Broadbent
- Clinical Informatics, BRC Nucleus, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Jayati Das-Munshi
- Department of Health Services and Population Research, King's College London, UK
| | - Louise M. Howard
- Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Potts LC, Henderson C. Moderation by socioeconomic status of the relationship between familiarity with mental illness and stigma outcomes. SSM Popul Health 2020; 11:100611. [PMID: 32715077 PMCID: PMC7378684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Multiple studies suggest response to mental health treatment is worse for people of lower socioeconomic status, a group who also express more mental illness stigma. Worse response to treatment may lead to greater therapeutic pessimism, an important component of stigma. However, familiarity with mental illness is associated with lower levels of stigma. This study therefore examines whether, among the general public, socioeconomic status moderates the relationships between familiarity and stigma related outcomes: knowledge; attitudes; and desire for social distance. Methods We carried out secondary analysis of data from the Attitudes to Mental Illness survey, collected annually from different general population samples from 2009-17, and every two years from 2017-19. Three separate multiple linear regression models examined factors associated with each outcome, with interaction tests between socioeconomic status and familiarity. Stigma related knowledge was measured using the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS), which includes items on treatment effectiveness and recovery, thus addressing aspects of therapeutic pessimism. Attitudes were measured using the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill Scale; and desire for social distance using the Reported and Intended Behaviour scale. Results In lower socioeconomic groups, personal experience was more frequent, while familiarity with someone else was less frequent. Interaction tests were significant for stigma related knowledge (p<0.0001) and desire for social distance (p=0.0118), but not for attitudes (p=0.057). The direction of the interaction differed between knowledge and the other outcomes. In lower socioeconomic groups the positive effect of familiarity on knowledge was weaker, as hypothesised, but for attitudes and desire for social distance, its effect was stronger. Conclusions Our results support the promotion of familiarity through encouraging discussion of mental health problems within social networks. However, lower stigma related knowledge among people with personal experience in lower socioeconomic groups suggests different responses to mental illness among these groups are needed. Familiarity with mental illness is associated with lower levels of stigma. Different experiences of familiarity may lead to moderation by socioeconomic group. The effect of familiarity on knowledge is weaker in lower socioeconomic groups. The results suggest more therapeutic pessimism in lower socioeconomic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Potts
- Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Corresponding author. Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Claire Henderson
- Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Soziale Milieus: Ein relevantes Konzept für ein besseres Verständnis von Stigma und psychiatrischer Unterversorgung? DER NERVENARZT 2020; 91:785-791. [DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-00927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|