1
|
Moradzadeh R, Navidi I, Zamanian M. Validity and Reliability of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Stigma Questionnaire in Persian. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2023; 22:23259582231189094. [PMID: 37525568 PMCID: PMC10395164 DOI: 10.1177/23259582231189094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It was aimed to adapt a 12-item questionnaire into Persian among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in Markazi province. Material and Methods: Content validity was evaluated based on the opinions of the relevant experts, and by calculating the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) and the item-level content validity index (I-CVI). Reliability was assessed via test-retest, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Cronbach's alpha. Results: The obtained scores on clarity and relevancy (I-CVI) ranged from 0.9 to 1. The S-CVI also had an acceptable validity of 0.99. The Cronbach's alpha index of the whole questionnaire was 0.84 and ranged from 0.69 to 0.82 for subscales. The ICC in test-retest for all questionnaires was 0.88 and for subscales ranged from 0.77 to 0.88. Conclusion: The Persian version of the 12-item human immunodeficiency virus-related stigma questionnaire was found to be, in addition to being short and comprehensive, acceptable reliability and high validity to use in order to determine the stigma related to Persian-speaker PLHIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatollah Moradzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Iman Navidi
- Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryam Zamanian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moghaddam Tabrizi F, Sharafkhani R, Heydari Z, Khorami Markani A, Ahmadi Aghziyarat N, Khalkhali HR. Estimating the prevalence of high-risk behaviors using network scale-up method in medical university students. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:356. [PMID: 36618457 PMCID: PMC9818702 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_920_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is not much information about high-risk behaviors in young groups, especially students. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of high-risk behaviors in students of universities of medical sciences in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, by network scale-up (NSU) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 450 students from the universities of medical sciences. A researcher-developed checklist was used to collect the data. We considered number 16 for the social network size of students according to a previous study. Based on the response of individuals to each of the high-risk behaviors (including cigarette smoking, hookah use, opium consumption, alcohol drinking, tramadol/ecstasy taking, and extramarital sex) in their social network, the prevalence of these behaviors was estimated. The required calculations were performed using the NSU method. Furthermore, 95% uncertainty interval (UI) was calculated using the bootstrap method. RESULTS Totally, 196 (44%) participants were male. The mean age (standard deviation) of the participants was 22 ± 2 years. Results showed that hookah use (20% 95% UI [18.9-21.1]) and opium consumption (0.4% 95% UI [0.24-0.6]) had the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively. Cigarette smoking (17% 95% UI [15.8-18]), alcohol use (8.3% 95% UI [7.5-9.1]), extramarital sex (8.2% 95% UI [7.4-9]), and tramadol/ecstasy taking (4% 95% UI [6.4-4.6]) were the next most common high-risk behaviors, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Given that hookah use and cigarette smoking are the most common high-risk behaviors in students, especially males, appropriate cultural activities and educational programs should be employed by relevant authorities to reduce these behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahim Sharafkhani
- Department of Public Health Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Zeynab Heydari
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Najaf Ahmadi Aghziyarat
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khalkhali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clay-Warner J, Kawashima T, Edgemon TG. Measure of Personal Network Size Using the Known Population Method: A Methodological Guide. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:747-753. [PMID: 35298281 PMCID: PMC9010921 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The network scale-up method (NSUM) has shown promise in measuring the prevalence of hidden public health problems and at-risk populations. The technique involves asking survey respondents how many people they know with the health problem or characteristic of interest and extrapolating this information to the population level. An important component of the NSUM estimate is the size of each respondent's network, which is determined by asking respondents about the number of people they know who belong to populations of known size. There is little systematic discussion, however, to guide selection of these questions. Furthermore, many of the most commonly used known population questions are appropriate only in countries with a robust data infrastructure. Here, we draw from the NSUM literature to present a set of best practices in the selection of NSUM known population questions. Throughout, we address the unique situations that many researchers face in collecting prevalence data in the developing world, where innovative prevalence estimation techniques, such as NSUM, are most needed. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(5):747-753. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306731).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jody Clay-Warner
- Jody Clay-Warner and Tenshi Kawashima are with the Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens. Timothy G. Edgemon is with the Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Tenshi Kawashima
- Jody Clay-Warner and Tenshi Kawashima are with the Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens. Timothy G. Edgemon is with the Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Timothy G Edgemon
- Jody Clay-Warner and Tenshi Kawashima are with the Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens. Timothy G. Edgemon is with the Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hosseinkhani Z, Mohammadkhanloo M, Zamanian M, Moradzadeh R, Ramezani M, Cheraghi Z, Bagheri H, Jafari E, Osooli M. Prevalence of alcohol consumption in most at-risk groups in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.2018728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hosseinkhani
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadkhanloo
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maryam Zamanian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Rahmatolla Moradzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Cheraghi
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hadi Bagheri
- Children Growth Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elahe Jafari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehdi Osooli
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abshenas-Jami M, Baneshi M, Nasirian M. Population Size Estimation of Drug Users in Isfahan City (Iran) Using Network Scale-up Method in 2018. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2021; 13:249-258. [PMID: 35178197 PMCID: PMC8818311 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v13i4.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide prevention programs and educate drug users (DUs), the estimation of their population is necessary. This study aimed to estimate the population size of this hidden group in Isfahan city as a metropolitan in Iran using the network scale-up ýmethod (NSUM). METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed in summer 2018 on 1000 people selected through a multistage sampling method based on 14 region of the municipality of Isfahan. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that was previously used in Dr. Banshi's national plan without any changes. The Cronbach's alpha value of the questionnaire was 0.826. Using correction factors such as transparency of response and the ratio of social network size used in previous national studies, the number of people with high-risk behaviors was estimated. The results were analyzed through NSUM based on survey analysis. FINDINGS Among all kinds of DUs, men were the largest consumers. The prevalence of use of opium, cannabis, heroin/crack, stimulants, ecstasy, hallucinogens, tramadol, zolpidem, tobacco, and drug injection was 2983, 2342, 613, 766, 86, 268, 1185, 213, 5869, 135 in 100000 people, among individuals of over 18 years of age. In both sexes, the prevalence of using opium and its nectar and illegal treatment with methadone and buprenorphine was higher in people of over 30 years of age, while the prevalence of consuming cannabis, ecstasy, tramadol, tobacco products, and stimulants was higher in the age group of 18 to 30 years. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the prevalence of different DUs in Isfahan city, especially among men was higher than the reported average (especially in young men of 18-30 years of age). Since the prevalence of drug use varies based on the type of substance used among age groups, targeted preventive planning based on the type of drug used and age group is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Abshenas-Jami
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baneshi
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND School of Medicine, Center for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Maryam Nasirian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health AND Regional Knowledge Hub, and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Correspondence to: Maryam Nasirian; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health AND Regional Knowledge
Hub, and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moradzadeh R, Zamanian M. HIV-Related Stigma Among People Living With HIV in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2021; 32:610-618. [PMID: 33782241 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT HIV is perceived as a taboo topic in Iranian culture. This study examined HIV-related stigma among Iranian people living with HIV (PLWH). This cross-sectional study was conducted among 123 PLWH in 2019. HIV-related stigma was assessed by a standardized questionnaire adapted into Persian for this study. The range of the stigma scores for each of the subscales (personalized stigma, negative self-image, disclosure concerns, and concerns about public attitudes) was 3-12, whereas the range for the total stigma score was 12-48. The highest and lowest mean scores were observed in concerns about public attitudes (10.07) and negative self-image (7.39). The total mean stigma score was 37.03, indicating a high level of stigma. The most important factors determining HIV-related stigma were socioeconomic status, transmission method, duration of disease, and education level. This study suggests the need for more effective interventions to reduce HIV-related stigma among Iranian PLWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatollah Moradzadeh
- Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Maryam Zamanian, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ocagli H, Azzolina D, Lorenzoni G, Gallipoli S, Martinato M, Acar AS, Berchialla P, Gregori D. Using Social Networks to Estimate the Number of COVID-19 Cases: The Incident (Hidden COVID-19 Cases Network Estimation) Study Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115713. [PMID: 34073448 PMCID: PMC8198250 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature has reported a high percentage of asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic cases in subjects with COVID-19 infection. This proportion can be difficult to quantify; therefore, it constitutes a hidden population. This study aims to develop a proof-of-concept method for estimating the number of undocumented infections of COVID-19. This is the protocol for the INCIDENT (Hidden COVID-19 Cases Network Estimation) study, an online, cross-sectional survey with snowball sampling based on the network scale-up method (NSUM). The original personal network size estimation method was based on a fixed-effects maximum likelihood estimator. We propose an extension of previous Bayesian estimation methods to estimate the unknown network size using the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. On 6 May 2020, 1963 questionnaires were collected, 1703 were completed except for the random questions, and 1652 were completed in all three sections. The algorithm was initialized at the first iteration and applied to the whole dataset. Knowing the number of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases is extremely important for reducing the spread of the virus. Our approach reduces the number of questions posed. This allows us to speed up the completion of the questionnaire with a subsequent reduction in the nonresponse rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honoria Ocagli
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan, 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (D.A.); (G.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Danila Azzolina
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan, 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (D.A.); (G.L.); (M.M.)
- Research Support Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Lorenzoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan, 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (D.A.); (G.L.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Matteo Martinato
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan, 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (D.A.); (G.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Aslihan S. Acar
- Department of Actuarial Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan, 18, 35121 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (D.A.); (G.L.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-5384
| | | |
Collapse
|