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Frizzarini WS, Campolina JP, Vang AL, Lewandowski LR, Teixeira NN, Connelly MK, Monteiro PLJ, Hernandez LL. Mechanisms by which feeding synthetic zeolite A and dietary cation-anion difference diets affect feed intake, energy metabolism, and milk performance: Part II. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5222-5234. [PMID: 38490547 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of feeding 2 different diets, a diet with low dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) or a diet with synthetic zeolite A, to multiparous Holstein cows during the close-up period on dry matter intake (DMI) and energy metabolism, as well as to evaluate colostrum and milk production. A total of 121 multiparous Holstein cows, blocked by lactation number and expected parturition date were enrolled at 254 d of gestation and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: control (CON; +190 mEq/kg; n = 40), negative DCAD (-DCAD, -65 mEq/kg; n = 41; Ultra Chlor; Vita Plus, Lake Mills, WI), or a diet containing sodium aluminum silicate zeolite (XZ; +278 mEq/kg, fed at 3.3% dry matter, targeting 500 g/d; n = 40; X-Zelit, Protekta Inc., Lucknow, ON, Canada/Vilofoss, Graasten, Denmark). Prepartum DMI was measured daily using Insentec roughage intake control (RIC) gates (RIC System, Holofarm Group, the Netherlands). All cows received the same postpartum diet. Blood and urine samples were collected daily beginning 14 d before parturition (d -14) until parturition (d 0), and on 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 35, and 49 d postpartum. Colostrum collected within 6 h of parturition, weighed, and based on samples' Brix value, IgG concentrations, and nutrient composition were analyzed. Prepartum, cows fed the XZ diet had decreased DMI (11.70 ± 0.26, 13.88 ± 0.26, and 13.45 ± 0.25 kg/d for XZ, CON, and -DCAD, respectively) and lower rumination (487 ± 8.1, 531 ± 8.3, and 527 ± 8.5 min for XZ, CON, and -DCAD, respectively) compared with CON and -DCAD. However, rumination was not different postpartum due to treatment. No prepartum or postpartum differences were observed for glucose or BHB concentrations in blood between dietary treatments. Colostrum collected from cows fed XZ had the highest IgG concentrations (91.10 ± 2.63, 78.00 ± 2.63, and 78.90 ± 2.63 mg/mL for XZ, CON, and -DCAD, respectively), but yield did not differ between dietary treatments. Additionally, cows in their third lactation or greater fed XZ had the highest milk production (51.0 ± 1.1 kg) during the first 49 d in milk. This study demonstrates that despite a decrease in DMI and rumination in cows fed XZ prepartum, blood BHB concentrations were not altered. Additionally, cows fed XZ had higher colostral IgG concentrations and cows in their third lactation or greater fed XZ produced the most milk. These data suggest that feeding XZ prepartum may improve colostrum quality and milk yield in mature cows, and does not affect energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Frizzarini
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - J P Campolina
- Departmento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brazil
| | - A L Vang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - L R Lewandowski
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - N N Teixeira
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - M K Connelly
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - P L J Monteiro
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - L L Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
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Ringseis R, Wächter S, Cohrs I, Eder K, Grünberg W. Effect of dietary phosphorus deprivation during the dry period on the liver transcriptome of high-yielding periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5178-5189. [PMID: 38395399 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Although dietary phosphorus (P) deprivation extending from the dry period into early lactation impairs health and productivity of cows, restricting dietary P supply during the dry period not only appears to be innocuous but rather effectively mitigates hypocalcemia during the first wk of lactation. To investigate possible negative metabolic effects of P deprivation during the dry period, the present study tested the hypothesis that restricted dietary P supply during the dry period alters the liver transcriptome of dairy cows during the periparturient period. Thirty late-pregnant multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows entering their second, third, or fourth lactation were assigned to either a dry cow ration with low (LP, 0.16% P in DM) or adequate P content (AP, 0.35% in DM) during the last 4 wk of the dry period (n = 15/group). Liver transcriptomics, which was carried out in a subset of 5 second-parity cows of each group (n = 5), and determination of selected hormones and metabolites in blood of all cows, was performed ∼1 wk before calving and on d 3 postpartum. Liver tissue specimens and blood samples were obtained by a micro-invasive biopsy technique from the right tenth intercostal space and puncture of a jugular vein, respectively. One hundred seventy-five hepatic transcripts were expressed differentially between LP versus AP cows in late pregnancy, and 165 transcripts differed between LP versus AP cows in early lactation (fold change >1.3 and <-1.3, P < 0.05). In late pregnancy, the enriched biological processes of the upregulated and the downregulated transcripts were mainly related to immune processes and signal transduction (P < 0.05), respectively. In early lactation, the enriched biological processes of the upregulated and the downregulated transcripts were involved in mineral transport and biotransformation (P < 0.05), respectively. The plasma concentrations of the hormones and acute-phase proteins (progesterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, serum amyloid α, haptoglobin, and 17β-estradiol) determined were not affected by P supply. These results suggest that P deprivation during the dry period moderately affects the liver transcriptome of cows in late pregnancy and early lactation, and causes no effects on important plasma hormones and acute-phase proteins indicating no obvious impairment of health or metabolism of the cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sophia Wächter
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany
| | - Imke Cohrs
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumühle, 67728 Münchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany; Clinic for Ruminants and Herd Health Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Walter Grünberg
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany; Clinic for Ruminants and Herd Health Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Verhoef W, Zuidhof S, Ross JA, Beaugrand K, Olson M. Evaluation of a novel dipotassium phosphate bolus for treatment of metabolic disorders in dairy cattle. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1274183. [PMID: 38144470 PMCID: PMC10748419 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1274183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A dipotassium phosphate bolus (K Phos-Boost) has been developed to treat both hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia, as the clinical signs of both conditions are similar and occur in the early post-partum period. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy and application of the bolus for prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases that are common in dairy production systems. Study 1 (Pharmacokinetic study): Healthy post-partum cows were either untreated or received two K Phos-Boost boluses at times 0, 24, and 48 h. Blood was taken at t = 0, 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, 24-, and 52-h post-treatment for analysis of total serum minerals. There was an increase in serum phosphorous to normal levels within 2 h of treatment with the bolus, but control cows remained hypophosphatemic. Serum potassium was significantly elevated 2 h after bolus administration relative to control, while calcium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride levels were not affected by the K Phos-Boost bolus. Study 2 (Downer Cow Treatment): K Phos-Boost boluses were provided to cows that were unresponsive to intravenous calcium therapy and had been unable to stand for over 24 h ("downer cows"). Most cows (16 of 19) treated with two boluses were standing without assistance between 1 and 24 h after treatment and the serum phosphorous was increased to normal levels in five of five tested animals. Study 3 (Ketosis Treatment): cows with clinical ketosis were provided with propylene glycol and K Phos-Boost boluses (n = 29) or only propylene glycol (n = 23). Cows treated with the K Phos-Boost bolus showed a more rapid recovery by increased milk production (3.9 kg/day) and rumination rate (97 min/day). Study 4 (Health Promotion): cows in herds with >40% post-partum hypophosphatemia received K Phos-Boost boluses (n = 130) or no treatment (n = 146) following calving. There was a trend for treated 2nd-lactation animals to have higher milk production after 30 DIM (49.1 vs. 46.2 kg/day; P = 0.09). There were no significant differences between control and bolus treated animals in the incidence of subclinical ketosis, post-calving total health events, or culling rates. The K Phos-Boost bolus is a novel product and has the potential to treat and prevent several important metabolic diseases in dairy cattle. The studies described in this paper are early investigations and further research should be conducted to demonstrate the applications of a dipotassium phosphate bolus in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Verhoef
- Alberta Veterinary Laboratories Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Merle Olson
- Alberta Veterinary Laboratories Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada
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van den Brink LM, Cohrs I, Golbeck L, Wächter S, Dobbelaar P, Teske E, Grünberg W. Effect of Dietary Phosphate Deprivation on Red Blood Cell Parameters of Periparturient Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030404. [PMID: 36766293 PMCID: PMC9913789 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Postparturient hemoglobinuria is a sporadic disease characterized by intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria in early lactating dairy cows. The condition has empirically been associated with phosphorus (P) deficiency or hypophosphatemia; however, the exact etiology remains obscure. This paper summarizes two controlled studies investigating the effect of P deprivation during the transition period. In Study I, 36 late pregnant dairy cows were randomly assigned to either a diet with low, or adequate, P content from four weeks before calving to four weeks after calving. In Study II, 30 late pregnant dairy cows were again assigned to either a diet with low, or adequate, P for the last four weeks before calving only. Pronounced hypophosphatemia developed during periods of restricted P supply. In early lactation, a subtle decline of the red blood cell count occurred independently of the dietary P supply. In Study I, anemia developed in 11 cows on deficient P supply, which was associated with hemoglobinuria in five cases. Neither erythrocyte total P content nor osmotic resistance of erythrocytes were altered by dietary P deprivation. Restricted dietary P supply, particularly in early lactation, may lead to postparturient hemoglobinuria, but more frequently causes clinically inapparent hemolysis and anemia in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imke Cohrs
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany
- Clinic for Ruminants, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 104, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lennart Golbeck
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sophia Wächter
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany
| | - Paul Dobbelaar
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Teske
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Grünberg
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany
- Clinic for Ruminants, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 104, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0-641-99-38670
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Wächter S, Cohrs I, Golbeck L, Scheu T, Eder K, Grünberg W. Effects of restricted dietary phosphorus supply during the dry period on productivity and metabolism in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4370-4392. [PMID: 35307179 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus in bovine nutrition is under ongoing scrutiny because of concerns with excessive amounts of P excreted in manure contributing to environmental pollution. Feeding rations with excessive P content, however, still remains common practice, particularly during the transition period, as limited P supply in late gestation and early lactation is thought to present a risk for health and productivity of high-yielding dairy cows. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of restricted P supply during the last 4 wk of pregnancy on Ca and P homeostasis during the transition period in high-yielding dairy cows, and to identify possible effects on metabolism and productivity throughout the following lactation. Thirty late-pregnant multiparous dairy cows were randomly assigned to either a dry cow diet with low (LP) or adequate P (AP) content [0.16 and 0.30% P in dry matter (DM), respectively] to be fed in the 4 wk before calving. After calving all cows received the same ration with adequate P content (0.46% P in DM). Blood, milk, and liver tissue samples were obtained during the dry period and the following lactation, DM intake (DMI), body weight, milk production, and disease occurrence were monitored. Plasma was assayed for the concentrations of P, Ca, Na, and K, metabolic parameters, and liver enzyme activities. Liver tissue was analyzed for mineral, triglyceride, cholesterol, and water contents. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to identify treatment, time, and treatment × time interaction effects. Cows fed LP had lower plasma P concentrations ([Pi]) than AP cows during restricted P feeding, reaching a nadir of 1.1 mmol/L immediately before calving. After calving, plasma [Pi] of LP cows was at or above the level of AP cows and within the reference range for cattle. Symptoms assumed to be associated with hypophosphatemia were not observed, but plasma Ca was higher from 1 wk before to 1 wk after calving in LP cows, which was associated with a numerically lower incidence of clinical and subclinical hypocalcemia in LP cows. Both treatments had a similar 305-d milk yield (12,112 ± 1,298 kg for LP and 12,229 ± 1,758 kg for AP cows) and similar DMI. Plasma and liver tissue biochemical analysis did not reveal treatment effects on energy, protein, or lipid metabolism. The results reported here indicate that restricted dietary P supply during the dry period positively affected the Ca homeostasis of periparturient dairy cows but did not reveal negative effects on DMI, milk production, or metabolic activity in the following lactation. Restriction of P during the dry period was associated with hypophosphatemia antepartum but neither exacerbated postparturient hypophosphatemia, which is commonly observed in fresh cows, nor was associated with any clinical or subclinical indication of P deficiency in early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wächter
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany
| | - I Cohrs
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumühle, 67728 Münchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany
| | - L Golbeck
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany
| | - T Scheu
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumühle, 67728 Münchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany
| | - K Eder
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität-Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - W Grünberg
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany.
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Behrens JL, Schnepel N, Hansen K, Hustedt K, Burmester M, Klinger S, Breves G, Muscher-Banse AS. Modulation of Intestinal Phosphate Transport in Young Goats Fed a Low Phosphorus Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020866. [PMID: 33467106 PMCID: PMC7831023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal absorption of phosphate (Pi) takes place transcellularly through the active NaPi-cotransporters type IIb (NaPiIIb) and III (PiT1 and PiT2) and paracellularly by diffusion through tight junction (TJ) proteins. The localisation along the intestines and the regulation of Pi absorption differ between species and are not fully understood. It is known that 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) and phosphorus (P) depletion modulate intestinal Pi absorption in vertebrates in different ways. In addition to the apical uptake into the enterocytes, there are uncertainties regarding the basolateral excretion of Pi. Functional ex vivo experiments in Ussing chambers and molecular studies of small intestinal epithelia were carried out on P-deficient goats in order to elucidate the transepithelial Pi route in the intestine as well as the underlying mechanisms of its regulation and the proteins, which may be involved. The dietary P reduction had no effect on the duodenal and ileal Pi transport rate in growing goats. The ileal PiT1 and PiT2 mRNA expressions increased significantly, while the ileal PiT1 protein expression, the mid jejunal claudin-2 mRNA expression and the serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels were significantly reduced. These results advance the state of knowledge concerning the complex mechanisms of the Pi homeostasis in vertebrates.
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