1
|
Sanami S, Shamsabadi S, Dayhimi A, Pirhayati M, Ahmad S, Pirhayati A, Ajami M, Hemati S, Shirvani M, Alagha A, Abbarin D, Alizadeh A, Pazoki-Toroudi H. Association between cytomegalovirus infection and neurological disorders: A systematic review. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2532. [PMID: 38549138 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) belongs to the Herpesviridae family and is also known as human herpesvirus type 5. It is a common virus that usually doesn't cause any symptoms in healthy individuals. However, once infected, the virus remains in the host's body for life and can reactivate when the host's immune system weakens. This virus has been linked to several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Autism spectrum disorder, Huntington's disease (HD), ataxia, Bell's palsy (BP), and brain tumours, which can cause a wide range of symptoms and challenges for those affected. CMV may influence inflammation, contribute to brain tissue damage, and elevate the risk of moderate-to-severe dementia. Multiple studies suggest a potential association between CMV and ataxia in various conditions, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, acute cerebellitis, etc. On the other hand, the evidence regarding CMV involvement in BP is conflicting, and also early indications of a link between CMV and HD were challenged by subsequent research disproving CMV's presence. This systematic review aims to comprehensively investigate any link between the pathogenesis of CMV and its potential role in neurological disorders and follows the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis checklist. Despite significant research into the potential links between CMV infection and various neurological disorders, the direct cause-effect relationship is not fully understood and several gaps in knowledge persist. Therefore, continued research is necessary to gain a better understanding of the role of CMV in neurological disorders and potential treatment avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sanami
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Shahnam Shamsabadi
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Dayhimi
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pirhayati
- Psychiatric Department, Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Computer Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Marjan Ajami
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hemati
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Masoud Shirvani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Salamat-Farda Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Alagha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Salamat-Farda Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Abbarin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Salamat-Farda Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Alizadeh
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jonker J, Doorenbos CSE, Kremer D, Gore EJ, Niesters HGM, van Leer-Buter C, Bourgeois P, Connelly MA, Dullaart RPF, Berger SP, Sanders JSF, Bakker SJL. High-Density Lipoprotein Particles and Torque Teno Virus in Stable Outpatient Kidney Transplant Recipients. Viruses 2024; 16:143. [PMID: 38257843 PMCID: PMC10818741 DOI: 10.3390/v16010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Torque teno virus (TTV) is emerging as a potential marker for monitoring immune status. In transplant recipients who are immunosuppressed, higher TTV DNA loads are observed than in healthy individuals. TTV load measurement may aid in optimizing immunosuppressive medication dosing in solid organ transplant recipients. Additionally, there is a growing interest in the role of HDL particles in immune function; therefore, assessment of both HDL concentrations and TTV load may be of interest in transplant recipients. The objective of this study was to analyze TTV loads and HDL parameters in serum samples collected at least one year post-transplantation from 656 stable outpatient kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), enrolled in the TransplantLines Food and Nutrition Cohort (Groningen, the Netherlands). Plasma HDL particles and subfractions were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Serum TTV load was measured using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Associations between HDL parameters and TTV load were examined using univariable and multivariable linear regression. The median age was 54.6 [IQR: 44.6 to 63.1] years, 43.3% were female, the mean eGFR was 52.5 (±20.6) mL/min/1.73 m2 and the median allograft vintage was 5.4 [IQR: 2.0 to 12.0] years. A total of 539 participants (82.2%) had a detectable TTV load with a mean TTV load of 3.04 (±1.53) log10 copies/mL, the mean total HDL particle concentration was 19.7 (±3.4) μmol/L, and the mean HDL size was 9.1 (±0.5) nm. The univariable linear regression revealed a negative association between total HDL particle concentration and TTV load (st.β = -0.17, 95% CI st.β: -0.26 to -0.09, p < 0.001). An effect modification of smoking behavior influencing the association between HDL particle concentration and TTV load was observed (Pinteraction = 0.024). After adjustment for age, sex, alcohol intake, hemoglobin, eGFR, donor age, allograft vintage and the use of calcineurin inhibitors, the negative association between HDL particle concentration and TTV load remained statistically significant in the non-smoking population (st.β = -0.14, 95% CI st.β: -0.23 to -0.04, p = 0.006). Furthermore, an association between small HDL particle concentration and TTV load was found (st.β = -0.12, 95% CI st.β: -0.22 to -0.02, p = 0.017). Higher HDL particle concentrations were associated with a lower TTV load in kidney transplant recipients, potentially indicative of a higher immune function. Interventional studies are needed to provide causal evidence on the effects of HDL on the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jip Jonker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caecilia S. E. Doorenbos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Kremer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edmund J. Gore
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Division of Clinical Virology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert G. M. Niesters
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Division of Clinical Virology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coretta van Leer-Buter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Division of Clinical Virology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan P. Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Stephan F. Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tejeda M, Farrell J, Zhu C, Wetzler L, Lunetta KL, Bush WS, Martin ER, Wang L, Schellenberg GD, Pericak‐Vance MA, Haines JL, Farrer LA, Sherva R. DNA from multiple viral species is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:253-265. [PMID: 37578203 PMCID: PMC10840621 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk by independent lines of evidence. We explored this association by comparing the frequencies of viral species identified in a large sample of AD cases and controls. METHODS DNA sequence reads that did not align to the human genome in sequences were mapped to viral reference sequences, quantified, and then were tested for association with AD in whole exome sequences (WES) and whole genome sequences (WGS) datasets. RESULTS Several viruses were significant predictors of AD according to the machine learning classifiers. Subsequent regression analyses showed that herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) (odds ratio [OR] = 3.71, p = 8.03 × 10-4) and human papillomavirus 71 (HPV-71; OR = 3.56, p = 0.02), were significantly associated with AD after Bonferroni correction. The phylogenetic-related cluster of Herpesviridae was significantly associated with AD in several strata of the data (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION Our results support the hypothesis that viral infection, especially HSV-1, is associated with AD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Tejeda
- Departments of Medicine Biomedical GeneticsBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - John Farrell
- Departments of Medicine Biomedical GeneticsBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Congcong Zhu
- Departments of Medicine Biomedical GeneticsBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lee Wetzler
- Departments of Medicine Infectious DiseaseBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Departments of Medicine MicrobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Departments of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - William S. Bush
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health SciencesCleveland Institute for Computational BiologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Eden R. Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human GeneticsMiller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Li‐San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak‐Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human GeneticsMiller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health SciencesCleveland Institute for Computational BiologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Departments of Medicine Biomedical GeneticsBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Departments of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Departments of Medicine Neurologyand Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- OphthalmologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Departments of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Departments of Medicine Biomedical GeneticsBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xin W, Guo Z, Wang L, Li Y, Shangguan H, Xue K, Chen H, Yang H, Zhao L, Ge J. Multiple genotypes infection and molecular characterization of Torque teno neovison virus: A novel Anelloviridae of mink in China. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:145-155. [PMID: 37384973 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel Torque teno neovison virus (TTVs) was identified in specimens collected from dead mink during an outbreak of the Aleutian mink disease virus. Eighteen complete genomic sequences were obtained, ranging from 2109 to 2158 nucleotides in length and consisting of an untranslated region and three open reading frames. The genomic organization of mink TTVs is similar to previously reported anelloviruses. However, the deduced amino acid sequence of its ORF1 protein shows genetic diversity compared to related anelloviruses, suggesting that it represents a putative new species within the Anelloviridae family. This study provides a detailed molecular characterization of the novel mink anelloviruses, including its codon usage pattern, origin, and evolution. Analysis of the viral genomic sequences reveals the existence of multiple genotypes of co-infection. Principal component analysis and phylogenetic trees confirm the coexistence of multiple genotypes. Furthermore, the codon usage analyses indicate that mink TTVs have a genotype-specific codon usage pattern and show a low codon usage bias. Host-specific adaptation analysis suggests that TTVs are less adapted to mink. The possible origin and evolutionary history of mink TTVs were elucidated. Mink TTVs was genetically closely related to giant panda anellovirus, representing a new species. The observed incongruence between the phylogenetic history of TTVs and that of their hosts suggests that the evolution of anellovirus is largely determined by cross-species transmission. The study provides insights into the co-infection and genetic evolution of anellovirus in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhiyuan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yifan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haikun Shangguan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kun Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongliang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal, Pathogen Biology, Harbin 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kyathanahalli C, Snedden M, Singh L, Regalia C, Keenan-Devlin L, Borders AE, Hirsch E. Maternal plasma and salivary anelloviruses in pregnancy and preterm birth. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1191938. [PMID: 37396897 PMCID: PMC10309558 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1191938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human anelloviruses, including torque teno virus (TTV) and torque teno mini virus (TTMV), are ubiquitous in the general population and have no known pathogenicity. We investigated the prevalence and viral load of TTV and TTMV in plasma and saliva over pregnancy, and assessed their association with spontaneous or medically indicated preterm birth. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the Measurement of Maternal Stress (MOMS) study, which recruited 744 individuals with singleton pregnancies from 4 US sites (Chicago, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, and rural Pennsylvania). Baseline outpatient visits took place in the second trimester (between 12'0 and 20'6/7 weeks' gestation), and follow-up visits in the third trimester (between 32'0 and 35'6/7 weeks' gestation). In a case-control study design, participants who delivered preterm (<37 weeks) resulting from spontaneous labor and/or preterm premature rupture of membranes ("sPTB") were compared with participants experiencing medically indicated preterm birth ("iPTB"), or delivery at term ("controls"). Plasma and saliva samples obtained during the second and third trimesters were tested for the presence and quantity of TTV and TTMV using real-time PCR. Demographic data were obtained via self-report, and clinical data via medical record review by trained research personnel. Results TTV was detected in plasma from 81% (second trimester) and 77% (third trimester) of participants, and in saliva from 64 and 60%. Corresponding detection rates for TTMV were 59 and 41% in plasma, and 35 and 24% in saliva. TTV and TTMV concentrations were similar between matched plasma and saliva samples. TTV prevalence and concentrations were not significantly different between groups (sPTB, iPTB, and controls). However, plasma TTMV in the third trimester was associated with sPTB and earlier gestational age at delivery. The iPTB group was not different from either the sPTB or the control group. In saliva, concentrations of TTV and TTMV were similar among the three groups. Both TTV and TTMV were more prevalent with increasing parity and were more common in Black and Hispanic participants compared to non-Hispanic White participants. Conclusion Anellovirus presence (specifically, TTMV) in the third trimester may be associated with preterm birth. Whether this association is causative remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekara Kyathanahalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Madeline Snedden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Lavisha Singh
- Department of Statistics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Camilla Regalia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Lauren Keenan-Devlin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ann E. Borders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Healthcare Studies, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thakkar P, Banks JM, Rahat R, Brandini DA, Naqvi AR. Viruses of the oral cavity: Prevalence, pathobiology and association with oral diseases. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2311. [PMID: 34854161 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The human oral cavity contains a plethora of habitats and tissue environments, such as teeth, tongue, and gingiva, which are home to a rich microbial flora including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Given the exposed nature of the mouth, oral tissues constantly encounter infectious agents, forming a complex ecological community. In the past, the discussion of microbiological aspects of oral disease has traditionally focused on bacteria and fungi, but viruses are attracting increasing attention as pathogens in oral inflammatory diseases. Therefore, understanding viral prevalence, pathogenicity, and preference regarding oral tissues is critical to understanding the holistic effects of viruses on oral infections. Recent investigations have demonstrated the abundance of certain viruses in oral inflammatory diseases, suggesting an association between viruses and disease. Human herpesviruses are the most extensively studied viruses in different oral inflammatory diseases. However, challenges in viral detection and the lack of reproducible in vitro and in vivo infection models have limited our progress in understanding viruses and their contribution to oral diseases. This review presents a summary of major mammalian viruses and associated diseases in the human oral cavity. The emergence of a recent pathogen SARS-CoV-2 and its tropism for salivary and periodontal tissues further highlights the relevance of the oral cavity in host-pathogen interaction. Understanding how these different viruses present clinically and influence oral health will advance our understanding of multifactorial oral diseases and their association with viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pari Thakkar
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan M Banks
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rani Rahat
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniela A Brandini
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Afsar R Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stefani D, Hegedues B, Collaud S, Zaatar M, Ploenes T, Valdivia D, Elsner C, Bleekmann B, Widera M, Dittmer U, Aigner C. Torque Teno Virus load in lung cancer patients correlates with age but not with tumor stage. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252304. [PMID: 34077485 PMCID: PMC8171866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Torque teno virus (TTV) is a ubiquitous non-pathogenic virus, which is suppressed in immunological healthy individuals but replicates in immune compromised patients. Thus, TTV load is a suitable biomarker for monitoring the immunosuppression also in lung transplant recipients. Since little is known about the changes of TTV load in lung cancer patients, we analyzed TTV plasma DNA levels in lung cancer patients and its perioperative changes after lung cancer surgery. Material and methods Patients with lung cancer and non-malignant nodules as control group were included prospectively. TTV DNA levels were measured by quantiative PCR using DNA isolated from patients plasma and correlated with routine circulating biomarkers and clinicopathological variables. Results 47 patients (early stage lung cancer n = 30, stage IV lung cancer n = 10, non-malignant nodules n = 7) were included. TTV DNA levels were not detected in seven patients (15%). There was no significant difference between the stage IV cases and the preoperative TTV plasma DNA levels in patients with early stage lung cancer or non-malignant nodules (p = 0.627). While gender, tumor stage and tumor histology showed no correlation with TTV load patients below 65 years of age had a significantly lower TTV load then older patients (p = 0.022). Regarding routine blood based biomarkers, LDH activity was significantly higher in patients with stage IV lung cancer (p = 0.043), however, TTV load showed no correlation with LDH activity, albumin, hemoglobin, CRP or WBC. Comparing the preoperative, postoperative and discharge day TTV load, no unequivocal pattern in the kinetics were. Conclusion Our study suggest that lung cancer has no stage dependent impact on TTV plasma DNA levels and confirms that elderly patients have a significantly higher TTV load. Furthermore, we found no uniform perioperative changes during early stage lung cancer resection on plasma TTV DNA levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Stefani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Balazs Hegedues
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephane Collaud
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Zaatar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Till Ploenes
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Valdivia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carina Elsner
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Bleekmann
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pyöriä L, Valtonen M, Luoto R, Grönroos W, Waris M, Heinonen OJ, Ruuskanen O, Perdomo MF. Survey of Viral Reactivations in Elite Athletes: A Case-Control Study. Pathogens 2021; 10:666. [PMID: 34071724 PMCID: PMC8229584 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced immune perturbations have been proposed to increase susceptibility to viral infections. We investigated the replication of persisting viruses as indicators of immune function in elite cross-country skiers after ten months of sustained high-performance exercise. The viruses evaluated, nine human herpesviruses (HHVs) and torque teno virus (TTV), are typically restrained in health but replicate actively in immunosuppressed individuals. We collected sera from 27 Finnish elite cross-country skiers at the end of the competition's season and 27 matched controls who perform moderate exercise. We quantified all the HHVs and-TTV via highly sensitive qPCRs. To verify equal past exposures between the groups, we assessed the IgG antibody prevalences toward HHV-4 (Epstein-Barr virus, EBV) and HHV-5 (human cytomegalovirus, HCMV). We found equal TTV DNA prevalences in athletes (63%) and controls (63%) and loads with respective geometric means of 1.7 × 103 and 1.2 × 103 copies/mL of serum. Overall, the copy numbers were low and consistent with those of healthy individuals. Neither of the groups presented with herpesvirus viremia despite similar past exposures to HHVs (seroprevalences of EBV 70% vs. 78% and HCMV 52% vs. 44% in athletes and controls, respectively). We found no evidence of increased replication of persistent viruses in elite athletes, arguing against impaired viral immunity due to high-performance exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lari Pyöriä
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Maarit Valtonen
- Research Institute for Olympics Sports, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Raakel Luoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland; (R.L.); (O.R.)
| | - Wilma Grönroos
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (W.G.); (O.J.H.)
| | - Matti Waris
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Olli J. Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (W.G.); (O.J.H.)
| | - Olli Ruuskanen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland; (R.L.); (O.R.)
| | - Maria F. Perdomo
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Constant companion: clinical and developmental aspects of torque teno virus infections. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2749-2757. [PMID: 33040309 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Torque teno virus (TTV) is a commensal human virus observed as a circular single-negative-strand DNA molecule in various tissues and biological samples, notably in blood serum and lymphocytes. TTV has no apparent clinical significance, although it might be very useful as a prospective tool for gene delivery or as an epidemiological marker. Human populations are ubiquitously infected with TTV; the prevalence may reach 100%. The majority of babies become spontaneously infected with TTV, so that by the end of the first year of life, the prevalence reaches 'adult' values. TTV positivity in healthy early infancy and the presence of TTV in umbilical cord blood samples have been reported. The mechanism of infection and the dynamics of TTV prevalence in infants with age remain understudied. Meanwhile, the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of TTV as a marker deserves special attention and study, along with the possibility, causes and consequences of placental transmission of TTV under normal or pathological conditions.
Collapse
|