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Petrescu C, Mihalache OA, Vilciu C, Petrescu DM, Marian G, Ciobanu CA, Ciobanu AM. Clinical and Sociodemographic Correlations with Neurological Soft Signs in Hospitalized Patients with Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Longitudinal Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:787. [PMID: 38672143 PMCID: PMC11048323 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by symptoms that profoundly impact behavior, cognition, perception, and emotions, leading to a reduced quality of life and physical impairment. Given the complexity of schizophrenia, there is a pressing need for clinical markers and tools to predict its course, enhance disease staging, facilitate early intervention, improve differential diagnosis, and tailor individualized treatment approaches. Previous studies focused on the relationship between neurological soft signs (NSS) and factors such as age, illness duration, and symptomatology, indicating NSS as state markers improving in parallel with psychotic symptom remission or predicting treatment resistance. However, there is a lack of consensus on NSS assessment tools, hindering routine clinical monitoring despite diagnostic and prognostic potential. The present longitudinal study involved 81 psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Patients were assessed at three time points: baseline, 1 month, and 6 months. The examination included the use of scales to evaluate psychotic and neurological symptoms, as well as the identification of adverse extrapyramidal reactions caused by neuroleptic treatment. The progression of NSS was correlated to both the symptomatology and the sociodemographic data of the patients. The main findings from the present investigation revealed a statistical correlation between NSS and psychopathological symptoms, especially with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. However, it is important to note that neuroleptic side effects only had a limited impact on NSS. Therefore, instead of being linked to extrapyramidal symptoms caused by neuroleptics, NSS appears to be more frequently related with symptoms of schizophrenia. Our findings provide further support for their strong association with the course of schizophrenia, independent of treatment side effects, thus emphasizing their potential as reliable assessment tools in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Petrescu
- Neuroscience Department, Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana A. Mihalache
- Department of Doctoral Studies, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Neurology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.V.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Crisanda Vilciu
- Department of Neurology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.V.); (D.M.P.)
- Neurology Clinic, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana M. Petrescu
- Department of Neurology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.V.); (D.M.P.)
- Neurology Clinic, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Marian
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 927180 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, ‘Titu Maiorescu’ University of Medicine, 040051 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin A. Ciobanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela M. Ciobanu
- Neuroscience Department, Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
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Vöckel J, Thiemann U, Weisbrod M, Schröder J, Resch F, Klein C, Bender S. Movement initiation and preparation in subjects with schizophrenia - The amplitude of the readiness potential as a biological marker for negative symptom severity. Schizophr Res 2023; 260:3-11. [PMID: 37543008 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite extensive research, the etiology of negative symptoms is not well understood. Preliminary findings are linking motor disturbances to negative symptom severity. We aimed to further the understanding to what extent motor movement preparation influences negative symptom severity. METHODS In a cohort of 31 subjects with schizophrenia and 20 control subjects we recorded the readiness potential amplitude over Cz during spontaneous movements of the right and left thumb. We further assessed negative and positive symptom severity (scale for the assessment of negative and positive symptoms) as well as neurological soft signs (NSS). RESULTS In subjects with schizophrenia the severity of negative symptoms was best predicted by the readiness potential amplitude and the NSS subdomain motor coordination. The correlation between deficits in motor coordination and negative symptom severity was partially mediated by the readiness potential amplitude in subjects with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in motor processing are linked to negative symptom severity in schizophrenia. The readiness potential may represent a biological marker of these basal deficits. In combination with the assessment of NSS, the readiness potential may be a marker of the course of negative symptom severity and help clarifying interdependencies between (pre)frontal networks for action initiation and coordination, as well as negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Vöckel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ulf Thiemann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstr. 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LVR Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Weisbrod
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, SRH Klinikum Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Germany; Department of General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schröder
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franz Resch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstr. 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine and University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 8, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; 2(nd) Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon", Athens, Greece
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstr. 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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Le Boterff Q, Rabah A, Carment L, Bendjemaa N, Térémetz M, Alouit A, Levy A, Tanguy G, Morin V, Amado I, Cuenca M, Turc G, Maier MA, Krebs MO, Lindberg PG. A tablet-based quantitative assessment of manual dexterity for detection of early psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1200864. [PMID: 37435404 PMCID: PMC10330763 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We performed a pilot study on whether tablet-based measures of manual dexterity can provide behavioral markers for detection of first-episode psychosis (FEP), and whether cortical excitability/inhibition was altered in FEP. Methods Behavioral and neurophysiological testing was undertaken in persons diagnosed with FEP (N = 20), schizophrenia (SCZ, N = 20), autism spectrum disorder (ASD, N = 20), and in healthy control subjects (N = 20). Five tablet tasks assessed different motor and cognitive functions: Finger Recognition for effector (finger) selection and mental rotation, Rhythm Tapping for temporal control, Sequence Tapping for control/memorization of motor sequences, Multi Finger Tapping for finger individuation, and Line Tracking for visuomotor control. Discrimination of FEP (from other groups) based on tablet-based measures was compared to discrimination through clinical neurological soft signs (NSS). Cortical excitability/inhibition, and cerebellar brain inhibition were assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Results Compared to controls, FEP patients showed slower reaction times and higher errors in Finger Recognition, and more variability in Rhythm Tapping. Variability in Rhythm Tapping showed highest specificity for the identification of FEP patients compared to all other groups (FEP vs. ASD/SCZ/Controls; 75% sensitivity, 90% specificity, AUC = 0.83) compared to clinical NSS (95% sensitivity, 22% specificity, AUC = 0.49). Random Forest analysis confirmed FEP discrimination vs. other groups based on dexterity variables (100% sensitivity, 85% specificity, balanced accuracy = 92%). The FEP group had reduced short-latency intra-cortical inhibition (but similar excitability) compared to controls, SCZ, and ASD. Cerebellar inhibition showed a non-significant tendency to be weaker in FEP. Conclusion FEP patients show a distinctive pattern of dexterity impairments and weaker cortical inhibition. Easy-to-use tablet-based measures of manual dexterity capture neurological deficits in FEP and are promising markers for detection of FEP in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Le Boterff
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ayah Rabah
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Carment
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Narjes Bendjemaa
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Térémetz
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anaëlle Alouit
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Agnes Levy
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Guillaume Turc
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Marc A. Maier
- CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Påvel G. Lindberg
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
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4
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Petrescu C, Petrescu DM, Marian G, Focseneanu BE, Iliuta FP, Ciobanu CA, Papacocea S, Ciobanu AM. Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia, a Picture of the Knowledge in the Last Decade: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101471. [PMID: 37239757 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Neurological Soft Signs (NSS) are subtle neurological abnormalities that are more common in schizophrenia patients than in healthy individuals and have been regularly observed in neuroleptic-naive first-episode patients, supporting the hypothesis that they are an intrinsic component of schizophrenia. (2) Methods: a review of articles published in the last ten years (from January 2013 to January 2023) was carried out on articles published in ScienceDirect and PubMed, by following the PRISMA Statement extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR), which evaluated the impact of NSS in correlation with the symptomatology, neuroleptic treatment, and the cerebral structural changes of patients with schizophrenia. (3) Results: thirty articles were included, among them twelve included MRI structural evaluation and four studies with a longitudinal design. (4) Conclusions: interest in researching NSS has increased in recent years, but questions remain about their origin and relationship to schizophrenia symptoms, thus this study aims to fill in information gaps in the hope that future research will help provide individualized treatment. It is suggested that NSS in schizophrenia might have an inherited genetic relationship pattern, thus being in line with a trait viewpoint. Most of the research revealed that schizophrenia patients had higher NSS scores than healthy controls, however, they were rather similar to their first-degree relatives, thus, also arguing in favor of a trait perspective. The greatest improvement in scores is seen in those with a remitting course, as shown by declining NSS ratings concurrent with symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Petrescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana M Petrescu
- Neurology Clinic Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Marian
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Titu Maiorescu University of Medicine, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Brindusa E Focseneanu
- Department of Psychiatry, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Titu Maiorescu University of Medicine, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Floris Petru Iliuta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Serban Papacocea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela M Ciobanu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Hirjak D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Sambataro F, Fritze S, Kukovic J, Kubera KM, Wolf RC. Progress in sensorimotor neuroscience of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Lessons learned and future directions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110370. [PMID: 34087392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The number of neuroimaging studies on movement disorders, sensorimotor, and psychomotor functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) has steadily increased over the last two decades. Accelerated by the addition of the "sensorimotor domain" to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework in January 2019, neuroscience research on the role of sensorimotor dysfunction in SSD has gained greater scientific and clinical relevance. To draw attention to recent rapid progress in the field, we performed a triennial systematic review (PubMed search from January 1st, 2018 through December 31st, 2020), in which we highlight recent neuroimaging findings and discuss methodological pitfalls as well as challenges for future research. The identified magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest that sensorimotor abnormalities in SSD are related to cerebello-thalamo-cortico-cerebellar network dysfunction. Longitudinal and interventional studies highlight the translational potential of the sensorimotor domain as putative biomarkers for treatment response and as targets for non-invasive neurostimulation techniques in SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Katharina M Kubera
- Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert C Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Wang Y, Braam EE, Wannan CMJ, Van Rheenen TE, Chan RCK, Nelson B, McGorry PD, Yung AR, Lin A, Brewer WJ, Koutsogiannis J, Wood SJ, Velakoulis D, Pantelis C, Cropley VL. Investigation of structural brain correlates of neurological soft signs in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1475-1485. [PMID: 34467451 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased severity of neurological soft signs (NSS) in schizophrenia have been associated with abnormal brain morphology in cerebello-thalamo-cortical structures, but it is unclear whether similar structures underlie NSS prior to the onset of psychosis. The present study investigated the relationship between severity of NSS and grey matter volume (GMV) in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) stratified for later conversion to psychosis. Structural T1-weighted MRI scans were obtained from 56 antipsychotic-naïve UHR individuals and 35 healthy controls (HC). The UHR individuals had follow-up data (mean follow-up: 5.2 years) to ascertain clinical outcome. Using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry, the relationship between NSS and GMV at baseline was assessed in UHR, HC, as well as individuals who later transitioned (UHR-P, n = 25) and did not transition (UHR-NP, n = 31) to psychosis. NSS total and subscale scores except motor coordination were significantly higher in UHR compared to HC. Higher signs were also found in UHR-P, but not UHR-NP. Total NSS was not associated with GMV in the whole sample or in each group. However, in UHR-P individuals, greater deficits in sensory integration was associated with lower GMV in the left cerebellum, right insula, and right middle frontal gyrus. In conclusion, NSS are present in UHR individuals, particularly those who later transitioned to a psychotic disorder. While these signs show little overall variation with GMV, the association of sensory integration deficits with lower GMV in UHR-P suggests that certain brain areas may be implicated in the development of specific neurological abnormalities in the psychosis prodrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.,Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Esmee E Braam
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Cassandra M J Wannan
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison R Yung
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Warrick J Brewer
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Koutsogiannis
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.,Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia. .,Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia.
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7
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Priol AC, Denis L, Boulanger G, Thépaut M, Geoffray MM, Tordjman S. Detection of Morphological Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: An Important Step to Identify Associated Genetic Disorders or Etiologic Subtypes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179464. [PMID: 34502372 PMCID: PMC8430486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research suggests that alterations in neurodevelopmental processes, involving gene X environment interactions during key stages of brain development (prenatal period and adolescence), are a major risk for schizophrenia. First, epidemiological studies supporting a genetic contribution to schizophrenia are presented in this article, including family, twin, and adoption studies. Then, an extensive literature review on genetic disorders associated with schizophrenia is reviewed. These epidemiological findings and clinical observations led researchers to conduct studies on genetic associations in schizophrenia, and more specifically on genomics (CNV: copy-number variant, and SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism). The main structural (CNV) and sequence (SNP) variants found in individuals with schizophrenia are reported here. Evidence of genetic contributions to schizophrenia and current knowledge on genetic syndromes associated with this psychiatric disorder highlight the importance of a clinical genetic examination to detect minor physical anomalies in individuals with ultra-high risk of schizophrenia. Several dysmorphic features have been described in schizophrenia, especially in early onset schizophrenia, and can be viewed as neurodevelopmental markers of vulnerability. Early detection of individuals with neurodevelopmental abnormalities is a fundamental issue to develop prevention and diagnostic strategies, therapeutic intervention and follow-up, and to ascertain better the underlying mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Clémence Priol
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent (PHUPEA), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, University of Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (L.D.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.-C.P.); (S.T.); Tel.: +33-2-99-51-06-04 (A.-C.P. & S.T.); Fax: +33-2-99-32-46-98 (A.-C.P. & S.T.)
| | - Laure Denis
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent (PHUPEA), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, University of Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (L.D.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Gaella Boulanger
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent (PHUPEA), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, University of Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (L.D.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Mathieu Thépaut
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent (PHUPEA), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, University of Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (L.D.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Marie-Maude Geoffray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 69500 Bron, France;
| | - Sylvie Tordjman
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent (PHUPEA), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, University of Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (L.D.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- CIC (Clinical Investigation Center) 1414 Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Rennes, University of Rennes 1, 35033 Rennes, France
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center (INCC), CNRS UMR 8002, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (A.-C.P.); (S.T.); Tel.: +33-2-99-51-06-04 (A.-C.P. & S.T.); Fax: +33-2-99-32-46-98 (A.-C.P. & S.T.)
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8
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[The sensorimotor domain in the research domain criteria system: progress and perspectives]. DER NERVENARZT 2021; 92:915-924. [PMID: 34115150 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades research interest in hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, sensorimotor and psychomotor abnormalities in mental disorders has steadily increased. This development has led to an increasing number of scientific initiatives that have not only highlighted the clinical need for early detection of extrapyramidal motor symptoms, tardive dyskinesia and catatonia but also provided numerous neurobiological findings and clinically relevant results based on the pathology of the sensorimotor system in patients with mental disorders. In view of these developments in January 2019 the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) research domain criteria (RDoC) initiative introduced a sixth domain called the sensorimotor domain to address deficits in the sensorimotor system and associated behavioral abnormalities. To draw attention to the rapid progress just since the introduction of the sensorimotor domain, a 2-year (1 January 2019-18 February 2021) systematic review is presented highlighting recent neuroimaging findings and discussing challenges for future research. In summary, aberrant sensorimotor processing in mental disorders is associated with dysfunction of the cerebello-thalamo-motor cortex network, which interacts with (social)cognitive and affective systems. Initial longitudinal and interventional studies highlight the translational potential of the sensorimotor domain.
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Rathod B, Kaur A, Basavanagowda DM, Mohan D, Mishra N, Fuad S, Nosher S, Alrashid ZA, Heindl SE. Neurological Soft Signs and Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: A Literature Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e11050. [PMID: 33224647 PMCID: PMC7676438 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological soft signs (NSS) are subtle neurological impairments in sensory integration, motor coordination, balance, and sequencing of complex motor acts. The prevalence of NSS is well over 50% in schizophrenic patients compared to about 5% in healthy controls. About 30% of schizophrenia patients are resistant to treatment. The main reason for not finding better pharmaceutical agents is the inability to elicit the underlying neurophysiological and neuroanatomical basis of schizophrenia. The most common NSS can be divided into three domains: motor coordination, sequencing of complex motor acts, and sensory integration. Here, the neuroimaging correlates of the abovementioned NSS are reviewed. Most of the studies found a negative correlation of NSS subs cores motor coordination and complex motor tasks with the cerebellum, inferior frontal gyrus, and postcentral gyrus. There was a negative correlation between cortical thickness and NSS total scores in the left paracentral lobule, precuneus, middle frontal cortex, right inferior temporal cortex, left/right superior parietal cortex. Instead of considering NSS as a mere trait or state markers, its active inclusion in patient management is required to improve patients' quality of life. Future studies on larger cohorts, combining different imaging modalities are needed to elucidate how these factors might relate to each other and contribute to NSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Rathod
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Arveen Kaur
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Deepak M Basavanagowda
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Devyani Mohan
- Surgery, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nupur Mishra
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sehrish Fuad
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sadia Nosher
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Zaid A Alrashid
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Stacey E Heindl
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Medicine, Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW
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