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Burgos JM, Vega E, García ML, Pujol M, Sánchez-López E, Souto EB. Biodegradable nanoplatforms for antigen delivery: part II - nanoparticles, hydrogels, and microneedles for cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39245925 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2400291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has resulted in a breakthrough in the treatment of patients with refractory or relapsed hematological malignancies. However, the identification of patients suitable for CAR-T cell therapy needs to be improved. AREASCOVERED CAR-T cell therapy has demonstrated excellent efficacy in hematological malignancies; however, views on determining when to apply CAR-T cells in terms of the evaluation of patient characteristics remain controversial. EXPERT OPINION We reviewed the current feasibility and challenges of CAR-T cell therapy in the most common hematological malignancies and classified them according to disease type and treatment priority, to guide clinicians and researchers in applying and investigating CAR-T cells further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Madariaga Burgos
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Vega
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pujol
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- UCD School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Xu M, Feng G, Fang J. Microcapsules based on biological macromolecules for intestinal health: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133956. [PMID: 39029830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal dysfunction is becoming increasingly associated with neurological and endocrine issues, raising concerns about its impact on world health. With the introduction of several breakthrough technologies for detecting and treating intestinal illnesses, significant progress has been made in the previous few years. On the other hand, traditional intrusive diagnostic techniques are expensive and time-consuming. Furthermore, the efficacy of conventional drugs (not capsules) is reduced since they are more likely to degrade before reaching their target. In this context, microcapsules based on different types of biological macromolecules have been used to encapsulate active drugs and sensors to track intestinal ailments and address these issues. Several biomacromolecules/biomaterials (natural protein, alginate, chitosan, cellulose and RNA etc.) are widely used for make microcapsules for intestinal diseases, and can significantly improve the therapeutic effect and reduce adverse reactions. This article systematically summarizes microencapsulated based on biomacromolecules material for intestinal health control and efficacy enhancement. It also discusses the application and mechanism research of microencapsulated biomacromolecules drugs in reducing intestinal inflammation, in addition to covering the preparation techniques of microencapsulated drug delivery systems used for intestinal health. Microcapsule delivery systems' limits and potential applications for intestinal disease diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Xu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Guangfu Feng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
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3
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Herdiana Y, Febrina E, Nurhasanah S, Gozali D, Elamin KM, Wathoni N. Drug Loading in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1043. [PMID: 39204388 PMCID: PMC11359066 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) are promising vehicles for targeted and controlled drug release. Recognized for their biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and ease of production, CSNPs represent an effective approach to drug delivery. Encapsulating drugs within nanoparticles (NPs) provides numerous benefits compared to free drugs, such as increased bioavailability, minimized toxic side effects, improved delivery, and the incorporation of additional features like controlled release, imaging agents, targeted delivery, and combination therapies with multiple drugs. Keys parameters in nanomedicines are drug loading content and drug loading efficiency. Most current NP systems struggle with low drug loading, presenting a significant challenge to the field. This review summarizes recent research on developing CSNPs with high drug loading capacity, focusing on various synthesis strategies. It examines CSNP systems using different materials and drugs, providing details on their synthesis methods, drug loadings, encapsulation efficiencies, release profiles, stability, and applications in drug delivery. Additionally, the review discusses factors affecting drug loading, providing valuable guidelines for future CSNPs' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedi Herdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ellin Febrina
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Siti Nurhasanah
- Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Dolih Gozali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Khaled M. Elamin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Khatua R, Bhar B, Dey S, Jaiswal C, J V, Mandal BB. Advances in engineered nanosystems: immunomodulatory interactions for therapeutic applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12820-12856. [PMID: 38888201 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have led to significant progress in the design and fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) with improved therapeutic properties. NPs have been explored for modulating the immune system, serving as carriers for drug delivery or vaccine adjuvants, or acting as therapeutics themselves against a wide range of deadly diseases. The combination of NPs with immune system-targeting moieties has facilitated the development of improved targeted immune therapies. Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents using NPs specifically to the disease-affected cells, distinguishing them from other host cells, offers the major advantage of concentrating the therapeutic effect and reducing systemic side effects. Furthermore, the properties of NPs, including size, shape, surface charge, and surface modifications, influence their interactions with the targeted biological components. This review aims to provide insights into these diverse emerging and innovative approaches that are being developed and utilized for modulating the immune system using NPs. We reviewed various types of NPs composed of different materials and their specific application for modulating the immune system. Furthermore, we focused on the mechanistic effects of these therapeutic NPs on primary immune components, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and complement systems. Additionally, a recent overview of clinically approved immunomodulatory nanomedicines and potential future perspectives, offering new paradigms of this field, is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Khatua
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Bibrita Bhar
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
| | - Chitra Jaiswal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Victoria J
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
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Elguindy DAS, Ashour DS, Elmarhoumy SM, El-Guindy DM, Ismail HIH. The efficacy of cercarial antigen loaded on nanoparticles as a potential vaccine candidate in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:381-399. [PMID: 38840868 PMCID: PMC11147980 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality from parasitic diseases. Mass treatment has proven to be insufficient because of repeated infection after treatment and the appearance of strains resistant to drug therapy. Hence, immunization is a new approach to control the disease and limit the pathological consequences of schistosomiasis. To evaluate the prophylactic effect of Cercarial antigen (CAP) loaded on chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) as a potential vaccine against Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. 130 mice divided into 2 groups were used: Group I: Control groups (50 mice) subdivided into subgroup Ia (10 mice): Non-infected mice (normal control), subgroup Ib (20 mice): Schistosoma infected mice (infected control) and subgroup Ic (20 mice): Non-infected mice receiving NPs only. Group II: Vaccinated group (80 mice) subdivided equally into subgroup IIa (CAP): Received cercarial antigen and subgroup IIb (CAP + CSNP): Received cercarial antigen loaded on chitosan NPs then both vaccinated groups were infected with S. mansoni 3 weeks following the initial vaccination dose. CAP + CSNP and CAP groups showed significant reduction in adult worms count, hepatic egg count, hepatic granulomas number and size in comparison to the infected control group. Elevation of serum IgG and IgM levels, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequencies, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ levels was more significant in CAP + CSNP group than CAP group. CAP + CSNP is a promising new preparation of Schistosomal antigens that gave better results than immunization with CAP alone. CSNPs enhanced the immune and protective effect of CAP as validated by parasitological, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A. S. Elguindy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dalia S. Ashour
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sirria M. Elmarhoumy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina M. El-Guindy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Howaida I. H. Ismail
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Chen Z, Yue Z, Yang K, Shen C, Cheng Z, Zhou X, Li S. Four Ounces Can Move a Thousand Pounds: The Enormous Value of Nanomaterials in Tumor Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300882. [PMID: 37539730 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials in healthcare has emerged as a promising strategy due to their unique structural diversity, surface properties, and compositional diversity. In particular, nanomaterials have found a significant role in improving drug delivery and inhibiting the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted their potential in modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhancing the activity of immune cells to improve tumor therapy efficacy. Various types of nanomaterials are currently utilized as drug carriers, immunosuppressants, immune activators, immunoassay reagents, and more for tumor immunotherapy. Necessarily, nanomaterials used for tumor immunotherapy can be grouped into two categories: organic and inorganic nanomaterials. Though both have shown the ability to achieve the purpose of tumor immunotherapy, their composition and structural properties result in differences in their mechanisms and modes of action. Organic nanomaterials can be further divided into organic polymers, cell membranes, nanoemulsion-modified, and hydrogel forms. At the same time, inorganic nanomaterials can be broadly classified as nonmetallic and metallic nanomaterials. The current work aims to explore the mechanisms of action of these different types of nanomaterials and their prospects for promoting tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Chen
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Yue
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Yang
- Clinical Medicine, Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Congrong Shen
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Second Ward of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, 110042, Shenyang, P. R. China
- The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research on Gastrointestinal Tumor Combining Medicine with Engineering, Shenyang, 110042, China
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Daunke T, Beckinger S, Rahn S, Krüger S, Heckl S, Schäfer H, Wesch D, Pilarsky C, Eckstein M, Hartmann A, Röcken C, Wandmacher AM, Sebens S. Expression and role of the immune checkpoint regulator PD-L1 in the tumor-stroma interplay of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1157397. [PMID: 37449210 PMCID: PMC10337136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1157397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), e.g., targeting programmed cell death protein 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or its receptor PD-1, have markedly improved the therapy of many cancers but so far failed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Macrophages represent one of the most abundant immune cell populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC being able to either support or restrain tumor progression depending on their phenotype. To better understand treatment failure of PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors in PDAC, this study examined PD-L1 expression in the context of a dynamic TME in PDAC with a particular focus on the impact of macrophages. Methods Formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue samples of primary PDAC tissues and corresponding liver metastases were used for immunohistochemical analyses. Serial sections were stained with antibodies detecting Pan-Cytokeratin, CD68, CD163, CD8, and PD-L1.To investigate whether the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and macrophages contribute to immune escape of PDAC cells, a stroma enriched 3D spheroid coculture model was established in vitro, using different PDAC cell lines and macrophages subtypes as well as CD8+ T cells. Functional and flow cytometry analyses were conducted to characterize cell populations. Results Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that PD-L1 is mainly expressed by stroma cells, including macrophages and not PDAC cells in primary PDAC tissues and corresponding liver metastases. Notably, high local abundance of macrophages and strong PD-L1 staining were commonly found at invasion fronts of tumoral lesions between CD8+ T cells and tumor cells. In order to investigate whether PD-L1 expressing macrophages impact the response of PDAC cells to treatment with PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors, we developed a spheroid model comprising two different PDAC cell lines and different ratios of in vitro differentiated primary M1- or M2-like polarized macrophages. In line with our in situ findings, high PD-L1 expression was observed in macrophages rather than PDAC cells, which was further increased by the presence of PDAC cells. The effector phenotype of co-cultured CD8+ T cells exemplified by expression of activation markers and release of effector molecules was rather enhanced by PDAC macrophage spheroids, particularly with M1-like macrophages compared to mono-culture spheroids. However, this was not associated with enhanced PDAC cell death. ICI treatment with either Durvalumab or Pembrolizumab alone or in combination with Gemcitabine hardly affected the effector phenotype of CD8+ T cells along with PDAC cell death. Thus, despite strong PD-L1 expression in macrophages, ICI treatment did not result in an enhanced activation and cytotoxic phenotype of CD8+ T cells. Conclusion Overall, our study revealed novel insights into the interplay of PDAC cells and macrophages in the presence of ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Daunke
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Silje Beckinger
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sascha Rahn
- Biochemical Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steffen Heckl
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Maxi Wandmacher
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Ebensen T, Arntz A, Schulze K, Hanefeld A, Guzmán CA, Scherließ R. Pulmonary Application of Novel Antigen-Loaded Chitosan Nano-Particles Co-Administered with the Mucosal Adjuvant C-Di-AMP Resulted in Enhanced Immune Stimulation and Dose Sparing Capacity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041238. [PMID: 37111723 PMCID: PMC10145907 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The most successful medical intervention for preventing infectious diseases is still vaccination. This effective strategy has resulted in decreased mortality and extended life expectancy. However, there is still a critical need for novel vaccination strategies and vaccines. Antigen cargo delivery by nanoparticle-based carriers could promote superior protection against constantly emerging viruses and subsequent diseases. This should be sustained by the induction of vigorous cellular and humoral immunity, capable of acting both at the systemic and mucosal levels. Induction of antigen-specific responses at the portal of entry of pathogens is considered an important scientific challenge. Chitosan, which is widely regarded as a biodegradable, biocompatible and non-toxic material for functionalized nanocarriers, as well as having adjuvant activity, enables antigen administration via less-invasive mucosal routes such as sublingual or pulmonic application route. In this proof of principle study, we evaluate the efficacy of chitosan nanocarriers loaded with the model antigen Ovalbumin (OVA) co-administrated with the STING agonist bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) given by pulmonary route. Here, BALB/c mice were immunized with four doses of the formulation that stimulates enhanced antigen-specific IgG titers in sera. In addition, this vaccine formulation also promotes a strong Th1/Th17 response characterized by high secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-17, as well as induction of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the novel formulation exhibited strong dose-sparing capacity, enabling a 90% reduction of the antigen concentration. Altogether, our results suggest that chitosan nanocarriers, in combination with the mucosal adjuvant c-di-AMP, are a promising technology platform for the development of innovative mucosal vaccines against respiratory pathogens (e.g., Influenza or RSV) or for therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ebensen
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrea Arntz
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Grasweg 9a, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Schulze
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrea Hanefeld
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Regina Scherließ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Grasweg 9a, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Chen BQ, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Pan YJ, Xia HY, Kankala RK, Wang SB, Liu G, Chen AZ. Immune-regulating camouflaged nanoplatforms: A promising strategy to improve cancer nano-immunotherapy. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:1-19. [PMID: 36017071 PMCID: PMC9382433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although nano-immunotherapy has advanced dramatically in recent times, there remain two significant hurdles related to immune systems in cancer treatment, such as (namely) inevitable immune elimination of nanoplatforms and severely immunosuppressive microenvironment with low immunogenicity, hampering the performance of nanomedicines. To address these issues, several immune-regulating camouflaged nanocomposites have emerged as prevailing strategies due to their unique characteristics and specific functionalities. In this review, we emphasize the composition, performances, and mechanisms of various immune-regulating camouflaged nanoplatforms, including polymer-coated, cell membrane-camouflaged, and exosome-based nanoplatforms to evade the immune clearance of nanoplatforms or upregulate the immune function against the tumor. Further, we discuss the applications of these immune-regulating camouflaged nanoplatforms in directly boosting cancer immunotherapy and some immunogenic cell death-inducing immunotherapeutic modalities, such as chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and reactive oxygen species-mediated immunotherapies, highlighting the current progress and recent advancements. Finally, we conclude the article with interesting perspectives, suggesting future tendencies of these innovative camouflaged constructs towards their translation pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao-Qi Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Yu-Jing Pan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Xia
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
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Chen Q, Qi Y, Jiang Y, Quan W, Luo H, Wu K, Li S, Ouyang Q. Progress in Research of Chitosan Chemical Modification Technologies and Their Applications. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080536. [PMID: 36005539 PMCID: PMC9410415 DOI: 10.3390/md20080536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, which is derived from chitin, is the only known natural alkaline cationic polymer. Chitosan is a biological material that can significantly improve the living standard of the country. It has excellent properties such as good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and cell affinity, and has excellent biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and hemostasis. In recent years, the demand has increased significantly in many fields and has huge application potential. Due to the poor water solubility of chitosan, its wide application is limited. However, chemical modification of the chitosan matrix structure can improve its solubility and biological activity, thereby expanding its application range. The review covers the period from 1996 to 2022 and was elaborated by searching Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, ACS publications, MDPI, Web of Science, Springer, and other databases. The various chemical modification methods of chitosan and its main activities and application research progress were reviewed. In general, the modification of chitosan and the application of its derivatives have had great progress, such as various reactions, optimization of conditions, new synthetic routes, and synthesis of various novel multifunctional chitosan derivatives. The chemical properties of modified chitosan are usually better than those of unmodified chitosan, so chitosan derivatives have been widely used and have more promising prospects. This paper aims to explore the latest progress in chitosan chemical modification technologies and analyze the application of chitosan and its derivatives in various fields, including pharmaceuticals and textiles, thus providing a basis for further development and utilization of chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhou Chen
- The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yi Qi
- The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Weiyan Quan
- The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Q.O.); Tel.: +86-137-0273-9877 (H.L.); +86-180-2842-0107 (Q.O.)
| | - Kefeng Wu
- The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Sidong Li
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Qianqian Ouyang
- The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Q.O.); Tel.: +86-137-0273-9877 (H.L.); +86-180-2842-0107 (Q.O.)
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11
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Dmour I, Islam N. Recent advances on chitosan as an adjuvant for vaccine delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:498-519. [PMID: 34973993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a natural polymer derived from chitin that has wide applications in drugs, vaccines, and antigen delivery. The distinctive mucoadhesive, biocompatibility, biodegradable, and less toxic properties of chitosan compared to the currently used vaccine adjuvants made it a promising candidate for use as an adjuvant/carrier in vaccine delivery. In addition, chitosan exhibits intrinsic immunomodulating properties making it a suitable adjuvant in preparing vaccines delivery systems. Nanoparticles (NPs) of chitosan and its derivatives loaded with antigen have been shown to induce cellular and humoral responses. Versatility in the physicochemical properties of chitosan can provide an excellent opportunity to engineer antigen-specific adjuvant/delivery systems. This review discusses the recent advances of chitosan and its derivatives as adjuvants in vaccine deliveryand the published literature in the last fifteen years. The impact of physicochemical properties of chitosan on vaccine formulation has been described in detail. Applications of chitosan and its derivatives, their physicochemical properties, and mechanisms in enhancing immune responses have been discussed. Finally, challenges and future aspects of chitosan use has been pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Dmour
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Immunology and Infection Control (CIIC), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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Um W, Gupta A, Song SH, Kim CH, Park JH. Biomaterials as Antigen Delivery Carrier for Cancer Immunotherapy. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Kakwere H, Harriman R, Pirir M, Avila C, Chan K, Lewis J. Engineering immunomodulatory nanoplatforms from commensal bacteria-derived polysaccharide A. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1210-1225. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02590b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Capsular zwitterionic polysaccharides (CZPs), typically found on the surfaces of commensal gut bacteria, are important immunomodulatory molecules due to their ability to produce a T-cell dependent immune response upon processing...
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14
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Ambroxol Hydrochloride Loaded Gastro-Retentive Nanosuspension Gels Potentiate Anticancer Activity in Lung Cancer (A549) Cells. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040243. [PMID: 34940303 PMCID: PMC8700943 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop gastro-retentive sustained-release ambroxol (ABX) nanosuspensions utilizing ambroxol-kappa-carrageenan (ABX-CRGK) complexation formulations. The complex was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder x-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The prepared co-precipitate complex was used for the development of the sustained-release formulation to overcome the high metabolic and poor solubility problems associated with ABX. Furthermore, the co-precipitate complex was formulated as a suspension in an aqueous floating gel-forming vehicle of sodium alginate with chitosan, which might be beneficial for targeting the stomach as a good absorption site for ABX. The suspension exhibited rapid floating gel behaviour for more than 8 h, thus confirming the gastro-retentive effects. Particle size analysis revealed that the optimum nanosuspension (ABX-NS) had a mean particle size of 332.3 nm. Afterward, the ABX released by the nanoparticles would be distributed to the pulmonary tissue as previously described. Based on extensive pulmonary distribution, the developed nanosuspension-released ABX nanoparticles showed significant cytotoxic enhancement compared to free ABX in A549 lung cancer cells. However, a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) also occurred. The level of caspase-3 was the highest in the ABX-NS-released particle-treated samples, with a value of 416.6 ± 9.11 pg/mL. Meanwhile, the levels of nuclear factor kappa beta, interleukins 6 and 1 beta, and tumour necrosis alpha (NF-kB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, respectively) were lower for ABX-NS compared to free ABX (p < 0.05). In caspase-3, Bax, and p53, levels significantly increased in the presence of ABX-NS compared to free ABX. Overall, ABX-NS produced an enhancement of the anticancer effects of ABX on the A549 cells, and the developed sustained-release gel was successful in providing a gastro-retentive effect.
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15
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Liu G, Zhu M, Zhao X, Nie G. Nanotechnology-empowered vaccine delivery for enhancing CD8 + T cells-mediated cellular immunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113889. [PMID: 34364931 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
After centuries of development, using vaccination to stimulate immunity has become an effective method for prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases including infective diseases and cancers. However, the tailor-made efficient delivery system for specific antigens is still urgently needed due to the low immunogenicity and stability of antigens, especially for vaccines to induce CD8+ T cells-mediated cellular immunity. Unlike B cells-mediated humoral immunity, CD8+ T cells-mediated cellular immunity mainly aims at the intracellular antigens from microorganism in virus-infected cells or genetic mutations in tumor cells. Therefore, the vaccines for stimulating CD8+ T cells-mediated cellular immunity should deliver the antigens efficiently into the cytoplasm of antigen presenting cells (APCs) to form major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI)-antigen complex through cross-presentation, followed by activating CD8+ T cells for immune protection and clearance. Importantly, nanotechnology has been emerged as a powerful tool to facilitate these multiple processes specifically, allowing not only enhanced antigen immunogenicity and stability but also APCs-targeted delivery and elevated cross-presentation. This review summarizes the process of CD8+ T cells-mediated cellular immunity induced by vaccines and the technical advantages of nanotechnology implementation in general, then provides an overview of the whole spectrum of nanocarriers studied so far and the recent development of delivery nanotechnology in vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer. Finally, we look forward to the future development of nanotechnology for the next generation of vaccines to induce CD8+ T cells-mediated cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangna Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Motao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510700, China.
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16
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Oliveira C, Reis RL, Martins A, Silva TH. Marine-derived polymeric nanostructures for cancer treatment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1931-1935. [PMID: 34369828 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Oliveira
- 3B´s Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables & Biomimetics of University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B´s Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables & Biomimetics of University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Albino Martins
- 3B´s Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables & Biomimetics of University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H Silva
- 3B´s Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables & Biomimetics of University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Jearanaiwitayakul T, Seesen M, Chawengkirttikul R, Limthongkul J, Apichirapokey S, Sapsutthipas S, Phumiamorn S, Sunintaboon P, Ubol S. Intranasal Administration of RBD Nanoparticles Confers Induction of Mucosal and Systemic Immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070768. [PMID: 34358183 PMCID: PMC8310126 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal immunity plays a significant role in host defense against viruses in the respiratory tract. Because the upper respiratory airway is a primary site of SARS-CoV-2 entry, immunization at the mucosa via the intranasal route could potentially lead to induction of local sterilizing immunity that protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein loaded into N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (RBD-TMC NPs). We showed that intranasal delivery of RBD-TMC NPs into mice induced robust local mucosal immunity, as evidenced by the presence of IgG and IgA responses in BALs and the lungs of immunized mice. Furthermore, mice intranasally administered with this platform of immunogens developed robust systemic antibody responses including serum IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgA and neutralizing antibodies. In addition, these immunized mice had significantly higher levels of activated splenic CD4+ and CD8+ cells compared with those that were administered with soluble RBD immunogen. Collectively, these findings shed light on an alternative route of vaccination that mimics the natural route of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This route of administration stimulated not only local mucosal responses but also the systemic compartment of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuksin Jearanaiwitayakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.J.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Mathurin Seesen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.J.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Runglawan Chawengkirttikul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.J.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Jitra Limthongkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.J.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Suttikarn Apichirapokey
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.J.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Sompong Sapsutthipas
- Institute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (S.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Supaporn Phumiamorn
- Institute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (S.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Panya Sunintaboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpatom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Sukathida Ubol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.J.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Preclinical models and technologies to advance nanovaccine development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:148-182. [PMID: 33711401 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable success of targeted immunotherapies is revolutionizing cancer treatment. However, tumor heterogeneity and low immunogenicity, in addition to several tumor-associated immunosuppression mechanisms are among the major factors that have precluded the success of cancer vaccines as targeted cancer immunotherapies. The exciting outcomes obtained in patients upon the injection of tumor-specific antigens and adjuvants intratumorally, reinvigorated interest in the use of nanotechnology to foster the delivery of vaccines to address cancer unmet needs. Thus, bridging nano-based vaccine platform development and predicted clinical outcomes the selection of the proper preclinical model will be fundamental. Preclinical models have revealed promising outcomes for cancer vaccines. However, only few cases were associated with clinical responses. This review addresses the major challenges related to the translation of cancer nano-based vaccines to the clinic, discussing the requirements for ex vivo and in vivo models of cancer to ensure the translation of preclinical success to patients.
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