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Romero-Contreras YJ, Gonzalez-Serrano F, Formey D, Aragón W, Chacón FI, Torres M, Cevallos MÁ, Dib JR, Rebollar EA, Serrano M. Amphibian skin bacteria display antifungal activity and induce plant defense mechanisms against Botrytis cinerea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1392637. [PMID: 38654899 PMCID: PMC11035788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1392637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of gray mold, which affects a wide variety of plant species. Chemical agents have been used to prevent the disease caused by this pathogenic fungus. However, their toxicity and reduced efficacy have encouraged the development of new biological control alternatives. Recent studies have shown that bacteria isolated from amphibian skin display antifungal activity against plant pathogens. However, the mechanisms by which these bacteria act to reduce the effects of B. cinerea are still unclear. From a diverse collection of amphibian skin bacteria, three proved effective in inhibiting the development of B. cinerea under in vitro conditions. Additionally, the individual application of each bacterium on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum lycopersicum and post-harvest blueberries significantly reduced the disease caused by B. cinerea. To understand the effect of bacteria on the host plant, we analyzed the transcriptomic profile of A. thaliana in the presence of the bacterium C32I and the fungus B. cinerea, revealing transcriptional regulation of defense-related hormonal pathways. Our study shows that bacteria from the amphibian skin can counteract the activity of B. cinerea by regulating the plant transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan J. Romero-Contreras
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Damien Formey
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Wendy Aragón
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Florencia Isabel Chacón
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Martha Torres
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Cevallos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Julian Rafael Dib
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Eria A. Rebollar
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Pereyra MM, Díaz MA, Vero S, Dib JR. Enhancing biological control of postharvest green mold in lemons: Synergistic efficacy of native yeasts with diverse mechanisms of action. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301584. [PMID: 38578716 PMCID: PMC10997081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Argentina is among the most important lemon fruit producers in the world. Penicillium digitatum is the primary lemon fungal phytopathogen, causing green mold during the postharvest. Several alternatives to the use of synthetic fungicides have been developed, being the use of biocontrol yeasts one of the most promising. Although many of the reports are based on the use of a single yeast species, it has been shown that the combination of agents with different mechanisms of action can increase control efficiency through synergistic effects. The combined use of native yeasts with different mechanisms of action had not been studied as a biological control strategy in lemons. In this work, the mechanisms of action of native yeasts (Clavispora lusitaniae AgL21, Clavispora lusitaniae AgL2 and Clavispora lusitaniae AcL2) with biocontrol activity against P. digitatum were evaluated. Isolate AgL21 was selected for its ability to form biofilm, colonize lemon wounds, and inhibit fungal spore germination. The compatibility of C. lusitaniae AgL21 with two killer yeasts of the species Kazachstania exigua (AcL4 and AcL8) was evaluated. In vivo assays were then carried out with the yeasts applied individually or mixed in equal cell concentrations. AgL21 alone was able to control green mold with 87.5% efficiency, while individual killer yeasts were significantly less efficient (43.3% and 38.3%, respectively). Inhibitory effects were increased when C. lusitaniae AgL21 and K. exigua strains were jointly applied. The most efficient treatment was the combination of AgL21 and AcL4, reaching 100% efficiency in wound protection. The combination of AgL21 with AcL8 was as well promising, with an efficiency of 97.5%. The combined application of native yeasts showed a synergistic effect considering that the multiple mechanisms of action involved could hinder the development of green mold in lemon more efficiently than using single yeasts. Therefore, this work demonstrates that the integration of native yeasts with diverse modes of action can provide new insights to formulate effective microbial consortia. This could lead to the development of tailor-made biofungicides, allowing control of postharvest fungal diseases in lemons while remaining competitive with traditionally used synthetic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina María Pereyra
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mariana Andrea Díaz
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvana Vero
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Julián Rafael Dib
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Agirman B, Carsanba E, Settanni L, Erten H. Exploring yeast-based microbial interactions: The next frontier in postharvest biocontrol. Yeast 2023; 40:457-475. [PMID: 37653692 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fresh fruits and vegetables are susceptible to a large variety of spoilage agents before and after harvest. Among these, fungi are mostly responsible for the microbiological deteriorations that lead to economically significant losses of fresh produce. Today, synthetic fungicides represent the first approach for controlling postharvest spoilage in fruits and vegetables worldwide. However, the emergence of fungicide-resistant pathogen biotypes and the increasing awareness of consumers toward the health implications of hazardous chemicals imposed an urgent need to reduce the use of synthetic fungicides in the food supply; this phenomenon strengthened the search for alternative biocontrol strategies that are more effective, safer, nontoxic, low-residue, environment friendly, and cost-effective. In the last decade, biocontrol with antagonistic yeasts became a promising strategy to reduce chemical compounds during fruit and vegetable postharvest, and several yeast-based biocontrol products have been commercialized. Biocontrol is a multipartite system that includes different microbial groups (spoilage mold, yeast, bacteria, and nonspoilage resident microorganisms), host fruit, vegetables, or plants, and the environment. The majority of biocontrol studies focused on yeast-mold mechanisms, with little consideration for yeast-bacteria and yeast-yeast interactions. The current review focused mainly on the unexplored yeast-based interactions and the mechanisms of actions in biocontrol systems as well as on the importance and advantages of using yeasts as biocontrol agents, improving antagonist efficiency, the commercialization process and associated challenges, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Agirman
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Erdem Carsanba
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luca Settanni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Huseyin Erten
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Adhesion Properties, Biofilm Forming Potential, and Susceptibility to Disinfectants of Contaminant Wine Yeasts. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030654. [PMID: 33809953 PMCID: PMC8004283 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, yeasts isolated from filter membranes used for the quality control of bottled wines were identified and tested for their resistance to some cleaning agents and potassium metabisulphite, adhesion to polystyrene and stainless-steel surfaces, and formation of a thin round biofilm, referred to as a MAT. A total of 40 strains were identified by rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) restriction analysis and sequence analysis of D1/D2 domain of 26S rRNA gene. Strains belong to Pichia manshurica (12), Pichia kudriavzevii (9), Pichia membranifaciens (1), Candida sojae (6), Candida parapsilosis (3), Candida sonorensis (1), Lodderomyces elongisporus (2), Sporopachydermia lactativora (3), and Clavispora lusitaniae (3) species. Regarding the adhesion properties, differences were observed among species. Yeasts preferred planktonic state when tested on polystyrene plates. On stainless-steel supports, adhered cells reached values of about 6 log CFU/mL. MAT structures were formed only by yeasts belonging to the Pichia genus. Yeast species showed different resistance to sanitizers, with peracetic acid being the most effective and active at low concentrations, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.08% (v/v) to 1% (v/v). C. parapsilosis was the most sensible species. Data could be exploited to develop sustainable strategies to reduce wine contamination and establish tailored sanitizing procedures.
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Pereyra MM, Díaz MA, Soliz-Santander FF, Poehlein A, Meinhardt F, Daniel R, Dib JR. Screening Methods for Isolation of Biocontrol Epiphytic Yeasts against Penicillium digitatum in Lemons. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030166. [PMID: 33669096 PMCID: PMC7996618 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the green rot caused by Penicillium digitatum is one of the most aggressive postharvest diseases of lemons. Searching for sustainable alternatives to chemical fungicides, epiphytic yeasts as potential biocontrol agents were isolated from citrus fruits using a tailor-made selective medium. For disclosing their antagonistic potential against P. digitatum, obtained isolates were subjected to direct screening methods, both in vitro and in vivo. In the course of the primary in vitro screening that comprised dual culture assays, 43 yeast strains displaying antagonistic activities against the pathogen were selected. Subsequently, such strains were subjected to an in vivo screening that consisted of a microscale test, allowing the selection of six yeast strains for further analysis. In the final screening using macroscale in vivo tests, three strains (AcL2, AgL21, and AgL2) displaying the highest efficiencies to control P. digitatum were identified. The protection efficiencies in lemons were 80 (AcL2), 76.7 (AgL21), and 75% (AgL2). Based on sequence analysis of the PCR amplified D1/D2 domains of the 26S rRNA genes, they were identified as representatives of the species Clavispora lusitaniae. Interestingly, the strains exhibited a broad action spectrum among citrus fruits as they were also able to combat the green mold disease in grapefruit and two orange varieties. The direct screening methods applied in this study favored the recovery of efficient candidates for application as biological control agents to combat fungal infestations of citrus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina María Pereyra
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.M.P.); (M.A.D.); (F.F.S.-S.)
| | - Mariana Andrea Díaz
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.M.P.); (M.A.D.); (F.F.S.-S.)
| | - Fabricio Fabián Soliz-Santander
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.M.P.); (M.A.D.); (F.F.S.-S.)
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Friedhelm Meinhardt
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie (IMMB), Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (J.R.D.); Tel.: +49-(0)551-3933827 (R.D.); +54-(0)381-4344888 (J.R.D.)
| | - Julián Rafael Dib
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.M.P.); (M.A.D.); (F.F.S.-S.)
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Microbiología, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (J.R.D.); Tel.: +49-(0)551-3933827 (R.D.); +54-(0)381-4344888 (J.R.D.)
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Díaz MA, Pereyra MM, Picón-Montenegro E, Meinhardt F, Dib JR. Killer Yeasts for the Biological Control of Postharvest Fungal Crop Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111680. [PMID: 33138117 PMCID: PMC7693540 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Every year and all over the world the fungal decay of fresh fruit and vegetables frequently generates substantial economic losses. Synthetic fungicides, traditionally used to efficiently combat the putrefactive agents, emerged, however, as the cause of environmental and human health issues. Given the need to seek for alternatives, several biological approaches were followed, among which those with killer yeasts stand out. Here, after the elaboration of the complex of problems, we explain the hitherto known yeast killer mechanisms and present the implementation of yeasts displaying such phenotype in biocontrol strategies for pre- or postharvest treatments to be aimed at combating postharvest fungal decay in numerous agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Andrea Díaz
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos–CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, Tucumán 4000, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (E.P.-M.)
| | - Martina María Pereyra
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos–CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, Tucumán 4000, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (E.P.-M.)
| | - Ernesto Picón-Montenegro
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos–CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, Tucumán 4000, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (E.P.-M.)
| | - Friedhelm Meinhardt
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (J.R.D.); Tel.: +49-251-83-39819 (F.M.); +54-381-4344888 (J.R.D.)
| | - Julián Rafael Dib
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos–CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, Tucumán 4000, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (E.P.-M.)
- Instituto de Microbiología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (J.R.D.); Tel.: +49-251-83-39819 (F.M.); +54-381-4344888 (J.R.D.)
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