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Storey KK, Geschwindt A, Astorino TA. Hemodynamic and Metabolic Responses to Moderate and Vigorous Cycle Ergometry in Men Who Have Had Transtibial Amputation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:450. [PMID: 38673361 PMCID: PMC11050650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Adults who have had an amputation face barriers to having an active lifestyle which attenuates cardiorespiratory fitness. Prior studies in amputees typically involve treadmill walking or arm ergometry, yet physiological responses to bilateral leg cycling are less understood. This study assessed the hemodynamic and metabolic responses to moderate and vigorous cycle ergometry in men who have had a transtibial amputation (TTA). Five men who had had a unilateral TTA (age = 39 ± 15 yr) and six controls (CONs) without an amputation (age = 31 ± 11 yr) performed two 20 min bouts of cycling differing in intensity. Cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured during moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) using thoracic impedance and indirect calorimetry. In response to MICE and HIIE, the HR and VO2 levels were similar (p > 0.05) between groups. Stroke volume and CO were higher (p < 0.05) in the CONs, which was attributed to their higher body mass. In men with TTAs, HIIE elicited a peak HR = 88%HRmax and substantial blood lactate accumulation, representing vigorous exercise intensity. No adverse events were exhibited in the men with TTAs. The men with TTAs show similar responses to MICE and HIIE versus the CONs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Todd A. Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, CA 92096-0001, USA; (K.K.S.); (A.G.)
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Liu Y, Zhou A, Li F, Yue T, Xia Y, Yao Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Aerobic capacity and [Formula: see text] kinetics adaptive responses to short-term high-intensity interval training and detraining in untrained females. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1685-1699. [PMID: 36995431 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the physical fitness and oxygen uptake kinetics (τ[Formula: see text]) along with the O2 delivery and utilization (heart rate kinetics, τHR; deoxyhemoglobin/[Formula: see text] ratio, ∆[HHb]/[Formula: see text]) adaptations of untrained female participants responding to 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and 2 weeks of detraining. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to HIIT (n = 11, 4 × 4 protocol) or nonexercising control (n = 9) groups. Exercising group engaged 4 weeks of treadmill HIIT followed by 2 weeks of detraining while maintaining daily activity level. Ramp-incremental (RI) tests and step-transitions to moderate-intensity exercise were performed. Aerobic capacity and performance (maximal oxygen uptake, [Formula: see text]; gas-exchange threshold, GET; power output, PO), body composition (skeletal muscle mass, SMM; body fat percentage, BF%), muscle oxygenation status (∆[HHb]), [Formula: see text], and HR kinetics were assessed. RESULTS HIIT elicited improvements in aerobic capacity ([Formula: see text], + 0.17 ± 0.04 L/min; GET, + 0.18 ± 0.05 L/min, P < 0.01; PO-[Formula: see text], ± 23.36 ± 8.37 W; PO-GET, + 17.18 ± 3.07 W, P < 0.05), body composition (SMM, + 0.92 ± 0.17 kg; BF%, - 3.08% ± 0.58%, P < 0.001), and speed up the τ[Formula: see text] (- 8.04 ± 1.57 s, P < 0.001) significantly, extending to better ∆[HHb]/[Formula: see text] ratio (1.18 ± 0.08 to 1.05 ± 0.14). After a period of detraining, the adaptation in body composition and aerobic capacity, as well as the accelerated τ[Formula: see text] were maintained in the HIIT group, but the PO-[Formula: see text] and PO-GET declined below the post-training level (P < 0.05), whereas no changes were reported in controls (P > 0.05). Four weeks of HIIT induced widespread physiological adaptations in females, and the majority of improvements were preserved after 2 weeks of detraining except for power output corresponding to [Formula: see text] and GET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Aiyi Zhou
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fengya Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tian Yue
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuncan Xia
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yibing Yao
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhou
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yihong Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Lu Y, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS, Wang Q, Ying S. The effect of Tabata-style functional high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health and physical activity in female university students. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1095315. [PMID: 36923290 PMCID: PMC10008870 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1095315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and physical inactivity enhances exposure to cardiometabolic risk factors in university students. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improved cardiometabolic health in clinical adults but the evidence in the university setting is limited. Furthermore, few studies examined the effect of low-volume HIIT on habitual physical activity (PA). Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 12-week Tabata-style functional HIIT for improving multiple cardiometabolic health outcomes and habitual PA. We also investigated whether changes in habitual PA over the intervention period had an impact on exercise-induced health outcomes. Methods: 122 female freshmen were randomized into the Tabata group (n = 60) and the control (n = 62). The Tabata training protocol involved 8 × 20 s maximal repeated functional exercises followed by 10 s rest with a frequency of 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Body composition, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), blood pressure (BP), blood lipids, fasting glucose and insulin, C-reactive protein and PA were objectively measured using standardized methods. Dietary intake was measured using a valid food frequency questionnaire. All variables were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results: Mixed linear modelling results showed that there were large intervention effects on VO2max (p < 0.001, d = 2.53, 95% CI: 2.03 to 3.00 for relative VO2max; p < 0.001, d = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.76 to 2.68 for absolute VO2max), resting heart rate (p < 0.001, d = -1.82, 95% CI: -2.23 to -1.37), systolic BP (p < 0.001, d = -1.24, 95% CI: -1.63 to -0.84), moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) (p < 0.001, d = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.83 to 2.77), total PA (p < 0.001, d = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.53 to 2.41); moderate effects on %BF (p < 0.001, d = -1.15, 95% CI: -1.53 to -0.75), FM (p < 0.001, d = -1.08, 95% CI: -1.46 to -0.69), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < 0.001, d = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.65 to 1.42), total cholesterol (p = 0.001, d = -0.64, 95% CI: -1.00 to -0.26); small effects on BMI (p = 0.011, d = -0.48, 95% CI: -0.84 to 0.11), WC (p = 0.043, d = -0.37, 95% CI: -0.74 to -0.01), low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.003, d = -0.57, 95% CI: -0.93 to -0.19), HOMA-IR (p = 0.026, d = -0.42, 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.05) and fasting insulin (p = 0.035, d = -0.40, 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.03). Regression analysis showed that only the percentage change of HDL was associated with the change of MVPA (b = 0.326, p = 0.015) and TPA (b = 0.480, p = 0.001). Conclusion: From the findings of the study we can conclude that 12-week low-volume Tabata-style functional HIIT was highly effective for university female students to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, body fat, some cardiometabolic health outcomes and habitual PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Huw D Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Steven Baker
- Centre for Population Health and Medical Informatics, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanshan Ying
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Astorino TA, Causer E, Hazell TJ, Arhen BB, Gurd BJ. Change in Central Cardiovascular Function in Response to Intense Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1991-2004. [PMID: 35881924 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-intensity interval training and sprint interval training significantly increase maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ), which enhances endurance performance and health status. Whether this response is due to increases in central cardiovascular function (cardiac output (CO) and blood volume) or peripheral factors is unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training (referred to as intense interval training) on changes in central cardiovascular function. METHODS We performed a systematic search of eight databases for studies denoting increases in V̇O 2max in which CO, stroke volume (SV), blood volume, plasma volume, end-diastolic/systolic volume, or hematocrit were measured. RESULTS Forty-five studies were included in this analysis, comprising 946 men and women of various health status (age and V̇O 2max , 20-76 yr and 13-61 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ) who performed 6-96 sessions of interval training. Results showed an increase in V̇O 2max with intense interval training that was classified as a large effect ( d = 0.83). SV ( d = 0.69), and CO ( d = 0.49) had moderate effect sizes in response to intense interval training. Of 27 studies in which CO was measured, 77% exhibited significant increases in resting CO or that obtained during exercise. Similarly, 93% of studies revealed significant increases in SV in response to intense interval training. Effect sizes for these outcomes were larger for clinical versus healthy populations. Plasma volume, blood volume, and hematocrit had small effect sizes after training ( d = 0.06-0.14). CONCLUSIONS Increases in V̇O 2max demonstrated with intense interval training are attendant with increases in central O 2 delivery with little contribution from changes in hematocrit, blood volume, or plasma volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos. San Marcos, CA
| | - Ejaz Causer
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Benjamin B Arhen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CANADA
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Lu Y, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS, Wang Q. Effects of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise on 24 h Movement Behaviors in Inactive Female University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127177. [PMID: 35742425 PMCID: PMC9223473 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine if low-volume, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) was associated with changes in 24-h movement behaviors. A quasi-experimental study design was used. We collected accelerometry data from 21 eligible participants who consistently wore an ActiGraph for a period of two-weeks. Differences in behaviors were analyzed using a paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance. Regression analysis was used to explore relationships with factors that impacted changes. The results indicated a compensatory increase in sedentary time (ST) (4.4 ± 6.0%, p < 0.01) and a decrease in light-intensity physical activity (LPA) (−7.3 ± 16.7%, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA), vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA), and total physical activity (TPA) increased following exercise (p < 0.001). Sleep duration and prolonged sedentary time were reduced (p < 0.05). Exercise intensity and aerobic capacity were associated with changes in ST. The results from the study indicate that participating in a low-volume HIIE encouraged participants who were previously inactive to become more active. The observations of increases in ST may have displaced a prolonged sitting time. The decrease in sleeping time observed may be reflecting an increased sleep quality in connection with increased higher-intensity PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China;
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK;
| | - Huw D. Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK;
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong;
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13805885586
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Skelly LE, Bailleul C, Gillen JB. Physiological Responses to Low-Volume Interval Training in Women. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:99. [PMID: 34940959 PMCID: PMC8702506 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interval training is a form of exercise that involves intermittent bouts of relatively intense effort interspersed with periods of rest or lower-intensity exercise for recovery. Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) induce physiological and health-related adaptations comparable to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in healthy adults and those with chronic disease despite a lower time commitment. However, most studies within the field have been conducted in men, with a relatively limited number of studies conducted in women cohorts across the lifespan. This review summarizes our understanding of physiological responses to low-volume interval training in women, including those with overweight/obesity or type 2 diabetes, with a focus on cardiorespiratory fitness, glycemic control, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content. We also describe emerging evidence demonstrating similarities and differences in the adaptive response between women and men. Collectively, HIIT and SIT have consistently been demonstrated to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in women, and most sex-based comparisons demonstrate similar improvements in men and women. However, research examining insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial responses to HIIT and SIT in women is limited and conflicting, with some evidence of blunted improvements in women relative to men. There is a need for additional research that examines physiological adaptations to low-volume interval training in women across the lifespan, including studies that directly compare responses to MICT, evaluate potential mechanisms, and/or assess the influence of sex on the adaptive response. Future work in this area will strengthen the evidence-base for physical activity recommendations in women.
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Atakan MM, Li Y, Koşar ŞN, Turnagöl HH, Yan X. Evidence-Based Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Exercise Capacity and Health: A Review with Historical Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7201. [PMID: 34281138 PMCID: PMC8294064 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Engaging in regular exercise results in a range of physiological adaptations offering benefits for exercise capacity and health, independent of age, gender or the presence of chronic diseases. Accumulating evidence shows that lack of time is a major impediment to exercise, causing physical inactivity worldwide. This issue has resulted in momentum for interval training models known to elicit higher enjoyment and induce adaptations similar to or greater than moderate-intensity continuous training, despite a lower total exercise volume. Although there is no universal definition, high-intensity interval exercise is characterized by repeated short bursts of intense activity, performed with a "near maximal" or "all-out" effort corresponding to ≥90% of maximal oxygen uptake or >75% of maximal power, with periods of rest or low-intensity exercise. Research has indicated that high-intensity interval training induces numerous physiological adaptations that improve exercise capacity (maximal oxygen uptake, aerobic endurance, anaerobic capacity etc.) and metabolic health in both clinical and healthy (athletes, active and inactive individuals without any apparent disease or disorder) populations. In this paper, a brief history of high-intensity interval training is presented, based on the novel findings of some selected studies on exercise capacity and health, starting from the early 1920s to date. Further, an overview of the mechanisms underlying the physiological adaptations in response to high-intensity interval training is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mustafa Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (H.H.T.)
| | - Yanchun Li
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Şükran Nazan Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (H.H.T.)
| | - Hüseyin Hüsrev Turnagöl
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (H.H.T.)
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia
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Bostad W, Valentino SE, McCarthy DG, Richards DL, MacInnis MJ, MacDonald MJ, Gibala MJ. Twelve weeks of sprint interval training increases peak cardiac output in previously untrained individuals. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2449-2458. [PMID: 34014402 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sprint interval training (SIT), characterized by brief bouts of 'supramaximal' exercise interspersed with recovery periods, increases peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) despite a low total exercise volume. Per the Fick principle, increased [Formula: see text] is attributable to increased peak cardiac output ([Formula: see text]) and/or peak arterio-venous oxygen difference (a-vO2diff). There are limited and equivocal data regarding the physiological basis for SIT-induced increases in [Formula: see text], with most studies lasting ≤ 6 weeks. PURPOSE To determine the effect of 12 weeks of SIT on [Formula: see text], measured using inert gas rebreathing, and the relationship between changes in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. METHODS 15 healthy untrained adults [6 males, 9 females; 21 ± 2 y (mean ± SD)] performed 28 ± 3 training sessions. Each session involved a 2-min warm-up at 50 W, 3 × 20-s 'all-out' cycling bouts (581 ± 221 W) interspersed with 2-min of recovery, and a 3-min cool-down at 50 W. RESULTS Measurements performed before and after training showed that 12 weeks of SIT increased [Formula: see text] (17.0 ± 3.7 vs 18.1 ± 4.6 L/min, p = 0.01, partial η2 = 0.28) and [Formula: see text] (2.63 ± 0.78 vs 3.18 ± 1.1 L/min, p < 0.01, partial η2 = 0.58). The changes in these two variables were correlated (r2 = 0.46, p < 0.01). Calculated peak a-vO2diff also increased after training (154 ± 22 vs 174 ± 23 ml O2/L; p < 0.01) and was correlated with the change in [Formula: see text] (r2 = 0.33, p = 0.03). Exploratory analyses revealed an interaction (p < 0.01) such that [Formula: see text] increased in male (+ 10%, p < 0.01) but not female participants (+ 0.6%, p = 0.96), suggesting potential sex-specific differences. CONCLUSION Twelve weeks of SIT increased [Formula: see text] by 6% in previously untrained participants and the change was correlated with the larger 21% increase in [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bostad
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sydney E Valentino
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Devin G McCarthy
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | | | - Maureen J MacDonald
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Astorino TA, De Revere JL. Effect of Ethnicity on Changes in Fat and Carbohydrate Oxidation in Response to Short-Term High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT): A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084314. [PMID: 33921694 PMCID: PMC8072605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study compared changes in substrate metabolism with high intensity interval training (HIIT) in women of different ethnicities. Twelve Caucasian (C) and ten Hispanic women (H) (age = 24 ± 5 yr) who were inactive completed nine sessions of HIIT at 85 percent peak power output (%PPO). Pre-training, changes in fat oxidation (FOx) and carbohydrate oxidation (CHOOx) during progressive cycling were measured on two days to compute the minimum difference (MD). This test was repeated after the last training session. Between baseline tests, estimates of FOx and CHOOx were not different (p > 0.05) and were highly related (intraclass correlation coefficient equal to 0.72 to 0.88), although the coefficient of variation of maximal fat oxidation (MFO) was equal to 30%. Training significantly increased MFO (p = 0.03) in C (0.19 ± 0.06 g/min to 0.21 ± 0.06 g/min, d = 0.66) and H (0.16 ± 0.03 g/min to 0.19 ± 0.03 g/min, d = 1.3) that was similar (p = 0.92) between groups. There was a significant interaction for FOx (p = 0.003) as it was only increased in H versus C, although both groups exhibited reduced CHO oxidation (p = 0.002) with training. Use of MD revealed that only 3 of 22 women show meaningful increases in MFO (>0.08 g/min). The preliminary data reveals that a small dose of low-volume HIIT does not alter fat and CHO oxidation and there is little effect of ethnicity on the response to training.
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