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Giotto FM, Gamage NH, Franco AM, Gerrard DE, Fonseca MA, de Mello AS. Effects of liquid-based diets with breweries grains enriched with isolated starch and fish oil on veal quality. Meat Sci 2024; 216:109592. [PMID: 38981145 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Since veal production has declined in the U.S., American veal producers are currently making efforts to implement new production standards to improve product quality and animal welfare. In this study, we hypothesized that diets containing brewery grains, starch and omega-3 fatty acids could lower a blood stress indicator and improve meat quality, mostly from a nutritional value stand point. Holstein bull calves with approximately 94.67 ± 12.07 kg of body weight and two months old were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments. Diets were formulated with nonmedicated milk replacer, microbreweries spent grains, and a mineral mix (CONTROL); CONTROL + isolated maize starch (STARCH); and CONTROL +3% fish oil (OMEGA-3). Veal calves fed all three diets were heavier than calves of the same age from experiments reported in the existing literature. Dietary treatments did not affect carcass weights, pH, color, moisture, sensory attributes, volatile profile, and fat quality indexes. Calves fed STARCH and OMEGA-3 showed the lowest levels of blood cortisol. Veal fed CONTROL and OMEGA-3 had higher concentrations of ΣMUFA when compared with STARCH. Veal fed OMEGA-3 had the highest concentrations of EPA, DHA, and Σn-3. Veal from all treatments had very high concentrations of ΣMUFA, mostly driven by high levels of c-9 18:1 n-9 from the milk replacer. Feeding OMEGA-3 lowered blood cortisol and increased levels of EPA and DHA without harming sensory attributes. Overall, including brewery grains, starch and fish oil in liquid diets containing milk replacer can improve veal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine M Giotto
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. Mail Stop 202, Reno 89557, NV, United States; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Knox Hall 220 P.O. BOX 30003 MSC 3-I, Las Cruces 88003, NM, United States
| | - Nadini H Gamage
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. Mail Stop 202, Reno 89557, NV, United States
| | - Arturo Macias Franco
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. Mail Stop 202, Reno 89557, NV, United States
| | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, 3470 Litton-Reaves Hall (0306), 175 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Mozart A Fonseca
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. Mail Stop 202, Reno 89557, NV, United States
| | - Amilton S de Mello
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. Mail Stop 202, Reno 89557, NV, United States.
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Grosse-Thie C, Vogel M, Baber R, Ceglarek U, Kiess W. Bilirubin Levels in Infancy and Their Associations with Body Weight, Levels of Iron-Related Parameters and Steroid Hormone Levels. Metabolites 2024; 14:393. [PMID: 39057716 PMCID: PMC11279372 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is assumed that bilirubin is hormonally regulated and influences weight development by preventing weight gain. However, studies in healthy infants are limited. The present study established reference values for bilirubin and investigated whether bilirubin levels are significantly associated with body weight, levels of ferritin and transferrin as well as steroid hormone levels in a study population of three- and six-month-old healthy infants. Data from a total of 411 study visits from the LIFE Child study (Leipzig, Germany) were analyzed. Associations were examined using linear regression analyses. Besides laboratory parameters, anthropometric data were gathered. We found statistically significant associations between body weight and bilirubin levels. In girls, we observed additional associations between bilirubin levels and both ferritin and transferrin concentrations at three months of age. At six months, steroid hormone levels were significantly associated with concentrations of total and indirect bilirubin, with effects differing by sex. Our study thus confirms associations already reported from animal studies and studies in adult populations. Furthermore, we showed that these associations already exist in the first year of life, are influenced by sex and age and, further, depend on the bilirubin type. Our results provide reference values for bilirubin and assist, therefore, in interpreting bilirubin levels in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grosse-Thie
- LIFE Child, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.V.); (R.B.); (U.C.); (W.K.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- LIFE Child, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.V.); (R.B.); (U.C.); (W.K.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Baber
- LIFE Child, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.V.); (R.B.); (U.C.); (W.K.)
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (ILM), Leipzig University, Paul-List Str. 13/15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- LIFE Child, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.V.); (R.B.); (U.C.); (W.K.)
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (ILM), Leipzig University, Paul-List Str. 13/15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- LIFE Child, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.V.); (R.B.); (U.C.); (W.K.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Abdallah A, Francoz D, Berman J, Dufour S, Buczinski S. Veal calves management in Québec, Canada: Part I. Association between passive immunity transfer at arrival and health disorders. Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106118. [PMID: 38271922 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality remain important concerns for veal production which traditionally involves very young calves being transported directly from dairy farms to calf-raising facilities or sold through auction markets from dairy farms. There are few studies that examine the relationship between transfer of passive immunity and health outcomes in veal production in Québec. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality in milk and grain-fed veal facilities in Québec. Between October 2017 and December 2018, a prospective cohort study was conducted on 59 batches of milk- and grain-fed veal calves from Montérégie and Centre du Québec regions in Québec, Canada. A total of 30 calves per batch were randomly sampled for the transfer of passive immunity (TPI) status using the Brix refractometer (serum threshold ≥ 8.4%). Throughout the production cycle, arrival, treatment, mortality, and slaughter records of each batch of calves were extracted and used to quantify individual- and group-level risk factors. Morbidity and mortality were modelled through generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) using a logit link, as function of categorical variables (individual inadequate TPI, arrival season, purchasing sites, and arrival weights) and a continuous variable (proportion of inadequate TPI in the batch). Given that the health and performance data are usually collected retrospectively under commercial settings, incomplete data was recognized as a potential issue. Thus, multiple imputation models were used. From 59 batches where 1729 calves were sampled for measuring TPI, 1084 calves had a serum Brix% < 8.4% giving a prevalence of 62.7% of inadequate TPI. The prevalence of morbidity and mortality in those 59 batches were not associated with the batch-level inadequate TPI prevalence. On the other hand, individual calves with inadequate TPI had higher odds of morbidity (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.2-2.05, P = 0.001) compared to those calves with adequate TPI. Odds of mortality, on the other hand, were not significantly affected by inadequate TPI (OR:1.27; 95% CI: 0.74-2.18, P = 0.3). Calves arriving to the facility during the winter season had lower odds of mortality than those arriving in fall (OR:0.16; 95% CI: 0.03-0.78, P = 0.02). In conclusion, this study suggests that inadequate TPI, as assessed upon arrival in veal farms, remains an important concern for negative health outcomes in veal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmonem Abdallah
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Regroupement Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - David Francoz
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada; Regroupement Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Berman
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada; Regroupement Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Regroupement Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada; Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Buczinski
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada; Regroupement Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Buckham-Sporer K, Earley B, Marti S. Current Knowledge on the Transportation by Road of Cattle, including Unweaned Calves. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3393. [PMID: 37958148 PMCID: PMC10649969 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport conditions have the potential to alter the physiological responses of animals to the psychological or physical stress of transport. Transportation may introduce multiple physical and psychological stressors to unweaned calves and adult cattle, including noise, overcrowding, food and water deprivation, extreme temperatures, commingling with unfamiliar animals, handling by unfamiliar humans, and being placed in a novel environment upon arrival. Apart from these factors, the type of road and even driving skill may affect the welfare of animals. One of the concerns regarding cattle transport is that the handling and marketing of animals prior to a journey may lengthen the period of feed withdrawal. Furthermore, feed withdrawal can impact animal welfare through hunger and metabolic stress. Transportation is also associated with a decrease in animal performance as well as an increase in the incidence of bovine respiratory disease. It is well established that the transportation of cattle is a stressor that causes a quantifiable response; however, excessive stress during transport resulting in physiological or pathological changes can be reduced with best management practices. The objective of this review was to analyse the available scientific literature pertaining to the transport by road of cattle, including unweaned calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Buckham-Sporer
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93 Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Bernadette Earley
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93 Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Sonia Marti
- Ruminant Production Program, IRTA, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
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van Dijk LL, Siegmann S, Field NL, Sugrue K, van Reenen CG, Bokkers EAM, Sayers G, Conneely M. Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1238734. [PMID: 37829357 PMCID: PMC10566621 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1238734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish baseline variables for calves transported by road and ferry from Ireland to the Netherlands and to investigate the effect of journey [two comparable journeys in April (J1) and May (J2) 2022] and source [source farm or mart (SF/MA)] on these variables. A total of 66 calves from the SF/MA were transported from Ireland to commercial veal farms in the Netherlands. Blood samples were collected at the SF/MA, assembly center (Ireland), lairage (France), and on arrival on the veal farm (Netherlands). They were analyzed for indicator variables related to energy balance, hydration/electrolytes, physical/muscular stress, immunity, and inflammation [glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), potassium, sodium, magnesium, chloride, urea, haematocrit, total protein, creatine kinase, L-lactate, cortisol, white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts, serum amyloid-A, and haptoglobin]. Health variables eye and nose discharge, skin tent (a measure of dehydration), and navel inflammation were scored by a trained observer, and calves were weighed at every blood-sampling time point. All blood variables and body weight changed significantly (P < 0.05) during transport, most notably between the assembly center and lairage. Reference ranges were available for 18 variables; 11 of these variables exceeded the reference ranges at the lairage, whilst 10 variables exceeded the reference ranges on arrival at the veal farm. However, health variables did not change during transport. A journey-to-journey comparison indicated much variation; 18 out of 25 variables differed significantly on at least one time point. In total, J1 calves experienced a more severe change in BHB, potassium, strong-ion-difference, L-lactate, and eye and nose discharge than J2 calves. The source of calves also affected their physiology; 12 out of 25 variables studied differed significantly, all of which were confined to the first time point. Specifically, MA calves had elevated levels of NEFA, urea, haematocrit, L-lactate, cortisol, white blood cell, neutrophil, and monocyte counts and lower levels of corrected chloride and lymphocyte count. Overall, calves in this study showed a generalized physiological disturbance beyond reference limits during long-distance transport, but no animal died during transport or for 3 weeks post-arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca L. van Dijk
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Munster Technological University, Tralee, Ireland
| | - Susanne Siegmann
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Niamh L. Field
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Katie Sugrue
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Cornelis G. van Reenen
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Eddie A. M. Bokkers
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gearoid Sayers
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Munster Technological University, Tralee, Ireland
| | - Muireann Conneely
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
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Bionda A, Lopreiato V, Crepaldi P, Chiofalo V, Fazio E, Oteri M, Amato A, Liotta L. Diet supplemented with olive cake as a model of circular economy: Metabolic and endocrine responses of beef cattle. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1077363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIntegrating by-products into livestock diet represents a great opportunity for implementing the concept of circular economy while reducing feed costs. Olive cake (OC) is considered an agro-industrial waste, but the high content of valuable metabolites makes it a promising feed integration. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of OC integration in beef cattle diet on different blood parameters.MethodsForty-eight young growing fattening Limousines-−24 bulls (body weight 350 ± 15 kg) and 24 heifers (280 ± 10 kg)—, aged 240 ± 20 days, were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: concentrate at 0% (Control group: CTR), 10% (Low-olive cake group: L-OC), or 15% (High-olive cake group: H-OC) of OC inclusion. Blood samples and body weights were collected before administrating the supplemented diet (0 d), at the end of the stocker growing phase (56 d), and at the end of the fattening (147 d). After being slaughtered, animal carcasses were weighted. A linear regression model was fitted for each blood parameter with the 0 d as covariate and diet, time, sex, diet × time, and diet × sex as fixed effects.ResultsIn males, body weight was highest in CTR, but carcass weight was similar in all the groups. All the blood parameters were within physiological ranges, independently from the animal diet. CTR group showed the highest alanine aminotransferase (ALT, P = 0.0027) and creatine kinase (P = 0.0119), whereas total bilirubin (P = 0.0023) was higher in H-OC than in CTR. Moreover, ALT was highest in CTR at 56 d, becoming similar in all the groups at 147 d (P = 0.0280). Instead, the increase observed in total cholesterol from 56 to 147 d was lower in H-OC compared with CTR and L-OC (P = 0.0451). A significant effect of diet × sex interaction was observed on triglycerides, urea, liver enzymes, and insulin. These data support the OC inclusion of up to 15% of the concentrate with no detrimental effect on beef cattle metabolic status.DiscussionIn conclusion, OC can be considered as a component in beef diet giving an opportunity to improve agriculture sustainability.
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Beltman M, Lewis J, McCabe M, Keogh K, Kenny D. The effect of natural and induced calving of beef heifers on stress-related gene expression and maternal health and immunity. Animal 2022; 16:100550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Marcato F, van den Brand H, Kemp B, Engel B, Schnabel SK, Jansen CA, Rutten VPMG, Koets AP, Hoorweg FA, de Vries-Reilingh G, Wulansari A, Wolthuis-Fillerup M, van Reenen K. Calf and dam characteristics and calf transport age affect immunoglobulin titers and hematological parameters of veal calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1432-1451. [PMID: 34802744 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate effects of transport age of calves (14 vs. 28 d), and of calf and dam characteristics, on immunoglobulin titers and hematological variables of veal calves. Calves (n = 683) were transported to a veal farm at 14 or 28 d of age. Natural antibodies N-IgG, N-IgM, and N-IgA against phosphorylcholine conjugated to bovine serum albumin (PC-BSA) were measured in serum of the dams 1 wk before calving and in first colostrum. These antibodies were also measured in serum of calves 1 wk after birth, 1 d before transport, and in wk 2 and 10 posttransport at the veal farm. Hematological variables were assessed in calves 1 d before transport and in wk 2 posttransport. One day before transport, titers of N-IgG, N-IgM, N-IgA, and neutrophil counts were higher, and lymphocyte counts were lower in 14-d-old calves compared with 28-d-old calves. In wk 2 at the veal farm, calves transported at 14 d of age had higher N-IgG titers and neutrophil counts, but lower N-IgM and N-IgA titers, and lymphocyte counts than calves transported at 28 d. In wk 1 and 1 d before transport, N-Ig in calves were positively related to N-Ig in colostrum. In wk 2 and 10 at the veal farm, N-IgG in calves was positively related to N-IgG in colostrum. The N-IgG titers in calves at the dairy farm were negatively related to the likelihood of being individually treated with antibiotics or other medicines at the veal farm. Our results suggest that calves transported to the veal farm at 28 d of age showed a more advanced development of their adaptive immunity than calves transported at 14 d of age. Quality of colostrum might have long-term consequences for N-IgG titers and immunity in veal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marcato
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S K Schnabel
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C A Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - V P M G Rutten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80165, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, P/Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Republic of South Africa
| | - A P Koets
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, the Netherlands; Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80163, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F A Hoorweg
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G de Vries-Reilingh
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Wulansari
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Wolthuis-Fillerup
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K van Reenen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Zhang J, Li J, Ding M, Chen Y, Duan Z. Cortisol in Peripheral Blood Predicts the Severity and Prognosis in Patients with Liver Failure at 90 Days. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4311-4319. [PMID: 34703342 PMCID: PMC8528544 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s327440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the cortisol level in peripheral blood in evaluating the severity and prognosis of patients with liver failure. Methods A total of 211 inpatients with liver failure were enrolled in Beijing You ‘an Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University, from September 2018 to January 2020. They were divided into three groups according to the severity of liver failure: early-stage liver failure, medium-stage liver failure and end-stage liver failure. In all patients, peripheral venous blood was gathered to detect the level of peripheral cortisol and related biochemical indexes. Logistic regression was used to screen the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients at 90 days. A receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to reflect the value of cortisol on the prognosis of patients at 90 days. A model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) was accessed. Results Among these 211 patients with liver failure, aged from 19 to 70 years, the average level of cortisol was 351.26 ± 129.78 nmol/L for 101 cases with early-stage liver failure, 281.05 ± 81.31 nmol/L for 58 cases with medium-stage liver failure, and 189.21 ± 89.27 nmol/L for 52 cases with end-stage liver failure (P < 0.05). The level of cortisol in the survival group and the non-survival group was 339.26 ± 121.19 nmol/L and 192.71 ± 67.23 nmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). The results of logistics regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of cortisol were 1.025 and 1.013–1.038 nmol/L (P < 0.05). MELD results showed that patients with higher MELD scores had lower cortisol content. Conclusion The level of cortisol is correlated with the severity of liver failure and decreases with the aggravation of liver failure, suggesting that the level of cortisol could be used as one of the indicators to evaluate the prognosis in patients with liver failure at 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Ding
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
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Avila-Jaime B, Ramos-Zayas Y, Franco-Molina MA, Alvarado-Avila R, Zamora-Avila DE, Fimbres-Durazo H, Zárate-Ramos JJ, Kawas JR. Effects of Transportation Stress on Complete Blood Count, Blood Chemistry, and Cytokine Gene Expression in Heifers. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8100231. [PMID: 34679061 PMCID: PMC8538913 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood samples were obtained from 16 high-risk heifers; eight were newly arrived from a 40 h road trip (0 days post-arrival (DPA)), whereas the other eight heifers had been in the feedlot at 25 DPA. Both groups were transported from the southeast tropical region of Mexico to a feedlot in the northeast and were sampled on the same day. The complete blood count, blood chemistry, and cytokine gene expression were analyzed. Gene expression was analyzed using specific primers to amplify and quantify the cDNA reverse transcribed from the mRNA transcripts for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-2. Higher values for hematocrit (p = 0.029), hemoglobin (p = 0.002), eosinophils (0.029), albumin (p = 0.014), alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.004), bilirubin (p = 0.003), cholesterol (p = 0.014), and cortisol (p = 0.051) were observed in the 0 DPA group than the 25 DPA group. In the electrophoresis of TNF-α amplification products, two non-specific bands were observed in the 0 DPA group. These bands were sequenced, and BLAST analysis suggested that they corresponded to bovine lymphotoxin and have not been reported previously related to stress. The TNF-α expression level was higher (p = 0.001) in the 25 DPA group than the 0 DPA group according to the semi-quantitative expression analysis. This may indicate a persistent inflammatory process that could be related to trauma and disease, which can negatively impact their subsequent health and growth performance. In conclusion, homeostatic disruption was apparent in the 0 DPA heifers, which showed higher cortisol and reductions in TNF-α levels and stress-induced bovine lymphotoxin (SIBL) co-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Avila-Jaime
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Posgrado Conjunto Agronomiîa-Veterinaria, Avenida Francisco Villa S/N, Colonia Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, Escobedo, Nuevo León CP 66050, Mexico; (B.A.-J.); (Y.R.-Z.); (D.E.Z.-A.); (H.F.-D.); (J.J.Z.-R.)
- MNA de México, Avenida Acapulco 770, Colonia La Fe, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León CP 66477, Mexico;
| | - Yareellys Ramos-Zayas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Posgrado Conjunto Agronomiîa-Veterinaria, Avenida Francisco Villa S/N, Colonia Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, Escobedo, Nuevo León CP 66050, Mexico; (B.A.-J.); (Y.R.-Z.); (D.E.Z.-A.); (H.F.-D.); (J.J.Z.-R.)
- MNA de México, Avenida Acapulco 770, Colonia La Fe, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León CP 66477, Mexico;
| | - Moisés A. Franco-Molina
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Unidad C, Ave. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León CP 66455, Mexico;
| | - René Alvarado-Avila
- MNA de México, Avenida Acapulco 770, Colonia La Fe, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León CP 66477, Mexico;
| | - Diana E. Zamora-Avila
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Posgrado Conjunto Agronomiîa-Veterinaria, Avenida Francisco Villa S/N, Colonia Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, Escobedo, Nuevo León CP 66050, Mexico; (B.A.-J.); (Y.R.-Z.); (D.E.Z.-A.); (H.F.-D.); (J.J.Z.-R.)
| | - Héctor Fimbres-Durazo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Posgrado Conjunto Agronomiîa-Veterinaria, Avenida Francisco Villa S/N, Colonia Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, Escobedo, Nuevo León CP 66050, Mexico; (B.A.-J.); (Y.R.-Z.); (D.E.Z.-A.); (H.F.-D.); (J.J.Z.-R.)
| | - Juan J. Zárate-Ramos
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Posgrado Conjunto Agronomiîa-Veterinaria, Avenida Francisco Villa S/N, Colonia Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, Escobedo, Nuevo León CP 66050, Mexico; (B.A.-J.); (Y.R.-Z.); (D.E.Z.-A.); (H.F.-D.); (J.J.Z.-R.)
| | - Jorge R. Kawas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Posgrado Conjunto Agronomiîa-Veterinaria, Avenida Francisco Villa S/N, Colonia Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, Escobedo, Nuevo León CP 66050, Mexico; (B.A.-J.); (Y.R.-Z.); (D.E.Z.-A.); (H.F.-D.); (J.J.Z.-R.)
- MNA de México, Avenida Acapulco 770, Colonia La Fe, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León CP 66477, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(52)-818-327-2542
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