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Nguyen LT, Pollock CA, Saad S. Nutrition and Developmental Origins of Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4207. [PMID: 37836490 PMCID: PMC10574202 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental programming hypothesis proposes that adverse environmental insults during critical developmental periods increase the risk of diseases later in life. The kidneys are deemed susceptible to such a process, although the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Many factors have been reported to contribute to the developmental origin of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), among which peri-gestational nutrition has a central role, affecting kidney development and metabolism. Physiologically, the link between malnutrition, reduced glomerular numbers, and increased blood pressure is key in the developmental programming of CKD. However, recent studies regarding oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, and metabolic changes have revealed potential novel pathways for therapeutic intervention. This review will discuss the role of imbalanced nutrition in the development of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long T. Nguyen
- Renal Research Group, Kolling Institute, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (C.A.P.); (S.S.)
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Chen Q, Hu K, Shi J, Li H, Li W. Hesperidin inhibits methylation and autophagy in LPS and high glucose-induced human villous trophoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:278-285. [PMID: 37311265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the first occurrence of diabetes due to abnormal maternal sugar metabolism after pregnancy, which may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hesperidin is known to decrease in the cord blood of GDM with obesity, but its role is unknown. This study aims to explore the potential function of hesperidin in GDM with obesity to develop new therapeutic ideas. METHODS Peripheral blood and placental tissues from GDM and GDM with obesity patients were collected to isolate human villous trophoblasts and detection. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the differential methylation genes between GDM and GDM with obesity. Immunofluorescence was applied for the detection of CK7 expression. Cells vitality was detected by CCK8 and transwell. Molecular docking was applied to predict the binding of hesperidin and ATG7 protein. Inflammation and m6A levels was analyzed by ELISA. ATG7, LC3, TLR4 and P62 proteins was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS The methylation of ATG7 gene was up-regulated in GDM with obesity compared with GDM. The m6A and autophagy proteins levels in GDM with obesity were higher than that in GDM. LPS with 2.5-25 mM glucose induced the increase of autophagy proteins, inflammation and m6A levels in human villous trophoblasts. Hesperidin formed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with ATG7 proteins. Hesperidin (0.25 μM) inhibited the autophagy proteins and m6A level in LPS and 25 mM glucose-induced human villous trophoblasts. DISCUSSION GDM with obesity followed the increase of autophagy proteins and m6A levels. Hesperidin inhibited the autophagy proteins and m6A level in LPS and glucose-induced human villous trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 41700, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 41700, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Obstetrics, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 41700, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 41700, Hunan, China
| | - Wenxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 41700, Hunan, China.
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Hsueh YM, Chen WJ, Lee HL, Huang YL, Shiue HS, Hsu SL, Chen HH, Lin YC. Global DNA methylation and the association between metal exposure and chronic kidney disease. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1104692. [PMID: 37304094 PMCID: PMC10248129 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prior studies indicate that exposure to metals may alter DNA methylation. Evidence also shows that global DNA methylation is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to examine the association between CKD and 5-methyl-2-deoxycytidine (5mdC, %), a marker of global DNA methylation, and to evaluate the interaction between metal exposures and 5mdC (%) on CKD. We also explored the mediation effect of 5mdC (%) on the association between metal exposures and renal function (i.e., estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR). Methods A total of 218 CKD patients and 422 controls were recruited in this case-control study. 5mdC (%), concentrations of blood lead and cadmium, plasma selenium, and total urinary arsenic were measured. CKD cases were clinically defined among patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for at least 3 months and without hemodialysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by logistic regression models to examine the association between metal exposures, 5mdC (%), and CKD, adjusted for confounders. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between metal exposures, 5mdC (%), and eGFR. Results and Discussion CKD cases compared to controls had 6.06-fold (95% CI: 3.11-11.81) higher odds of having high blood cadmium and high 5mdC (%) levels. A positive interaction on an additive scale was identified between blood cadmium and 5mdC (%) on CKD. Cases compared to controls had 4.73-fold (95% CI: 2.65-8.45) higher odds of having low plasma selenium and high 5mdC (%) levels; and a significant multiplicative interaction between plasma selenium and 5mdC (%) on CKD was observed. In addition, we found that blood lead and cadmium concentrations were positively associated, while plasma selenium concentrations were inversely associated, with 5mdC (%). The associations of blood lead and plasma selenium with eGFR were partially mediated by 5mdC (%). Our results suggest that 5mdC (%) may interact with plasma selenium and blood cadmium to influence the risk of CKD. The 5mdC (%) also potentially mediates the associations between exposure to metals and renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Hsueh
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hui-Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Li Huang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Sheng Shiue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lun Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Perinatal Oxidative Stress and Kidney Health: Bridging the Gap between Animal Models and Clinical Reality. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010013. [PMID: 36670875 PMCID: PMC9855228 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress arises when the generation of reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species overwhelms antioxidant systems. Developing kidneys are vulnerable to oxidative stress, resulting in adult kidney disease. Oxidative stress in fetuses and neonates can be evaluated by assessing various biomarkers. Using animal models, our knowledge of oxidative-stress-related renal programming, the molecular mechanisms underlying renal programming, and preventive interventions to avert kidney disease has grown enormously. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the impact of perinatal oxidative stress on renal programming, the implications of antioxidant strategies on the prevention of kidney disease, and the gap between animal models and clinical reality.
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Chang TT, Chen JW. Potential Impacts of Hydralazine as a Novel Antioxidant on Cardiovascular and Renal Disease-Beyond Vasodilation and Blood Pressure Lowering. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2224. [PMID: 36421409 PMCID: PMC9686999 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydralazine is a traditional antihypertensive drug that was developed several decades ago. Its most well-known effect is blood pressure lowering by arterial vasodilation. While mainly used an adjunct treatment for clinical hypertension or chronic heart failure, this old drug has also shown potential as a repurposing drug for the atherosclerosis vascular disease and various kidney diseases. Recent experimental studies suggest that hydralazine exerts antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, and HIF-1α stabilization effects for angiogenesis and vascular protection. Hydralazine also exerts reno-protective effects via its antioxidation, DNA demethylation, and anti-inflammation abilities. The above evidence provides advanced rationales for new applications of this drug beyond blood pressure lowering and arterial vasodilation. Here, we summarized the recent experimental advances in the use of hydralazine for either a vascular disease or kidney diseases, or both. Given the wide populations of people with cardiovascular and/or kidney diseases, future studies are worth validating the potential impacts of hydralazine on the clinical outcomes in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
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Larkin BP, Nguyen LT, Hou M, Glastras SJ, Chen H, Faiz A, Chen J, Wang R, Pollock CA, Saad S. Low-dose hydralazine reduces albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis in a mouse model of obesity-related chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1939-1949. [PMID: 35635331 PMCID: PMC9544807 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine, using a mouse model of obesity, whether low-dose hydralazine prevents obesity-related chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS From 8 weeks of age, male C57BL/6 mice received a high-fat diet (HFD) or chow, with or without low-dose hydralazine (25 mg/L) in drinking water, for 24 weeks. Biometric and metabolic variables, renal function and structural changes, renal global DNA methylation, DNA methylation profile and markers of renal fibrosis, injury, inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed. RESULTS The HFD-fed mice developed obesity, with glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipidaemia. Obesity increased albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, which were significantly ameliorated by low-dose hydralazine in the absence of a blood pressure-lowering effect. Obesity increased renal global DNA methylation and this was attenuated by low-dose hydralazine. HFD-induced changes in methylation of individual loci were also significantly reversed by low-dose hydralazine. Obese mice demonstrated increased markers of kidney fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, but these markers were not significantly improved by hydralazine. CONCLUSION Low-dose hydralazine ameliorated HFD-induced albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, independent of alterations in biometric and metabolic variables or blood pressure regulation. Although the precise mechanism of renoprotection in obesity is unclear, an epigenetic basis may be implicated. These data support repurposing hydralazine as a novel therapy to prevent CKD progression in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Larkin
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Long T. Nguyen
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Miao Hou
- Department of CardiologyChildren′s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Sarah J. Glastras
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Alen Faiz
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Anatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rosy Wang
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
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Chen S, Chen J, Li S, Guo F, Li A, Wu H, Chen J, Pan Q, Liao S, Liu HF, Pan Q. High-Fat Diet-Induced Renal Proximal Tubular Inflammatory Injury: Emerging Risk Factor of Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:786599. [PMID: 34950058 PMCID: PMC8688947 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.786599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, with the improvements in living standards and changes in living habits, high-fat diet (HFD) has become much more common in the populations worldwide. Recent studies have shown that HFD could induce lipid accumulation, and structural and functional abnormalities, accompanied by the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). These findings indicate that, as an emerging risk factor, PTEC injury-induced by HFD may be closely related to inflammation; however, the potential mechanisms underlying this phenomenon is still not well-known, but may involve the several inflammatory pathways, including oxidative stress-related signaling pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, the myeloid differentiation factor 2/Toll like receptor 4 (MD2/TLR4) signaling pathway, the ERK1/2-kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1)-related pathway, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, etc., and the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying these pathways still need further investigated in the future. Based on lipid abnormalities-induced inflammation is closely related to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), to summarize the potential mechanisms underlying HFD-induced renal proximal tubular inflammatory injury, may provide novel approaches for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shangmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fengbiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Aifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Han Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Quanren Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuzhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Li Y, Pollock CA, Saad S. Aberrant DNA Methylation Mediates the Transgenerational Risk of Metabolic and Chronic Disease Due to Maternal Obesity and Overnutrition. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111653. [PMID: 34828259 PMCID: PMC8624316 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is a rapidly evolving universal epidemic leading to acute and long-term medical and obstetric health issues, including increased maternal risks of gestational diabetes, hypertension and pre-eclampsia, and the future risks for offspring's predisposition to metabolic diseases. Epigenetic modification, in particular DNA methylation, represents a mechanism whereby environmental effects impact on the phenotypic expression of human disease. Maternal obesity or overnutrition contributes to the alterations in DNA methylation during early life which, through fetal programming, can predispose the offspring to many metabolic and chronic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. This review aims to summarize findings from human and animal studies, which support the role of maternal obesity in fetal programing and the potential benefit of altering DNA methylation to limit maternal obesity related disease in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China;
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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Yan MT, Chao CT, Lin SH. Chronic Kidney Disease: Strategies to Retard Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810084. [PMID: 34576247 PMCID: PMC8470895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as the presence of irreversible structural or functional kidney damages, increases the risk of poor outcomes due to its association with multiple complications, including altered mineral metabolism, anemia, metabolic acidosis, and increased cardiovascular events. The mainstay of treatments for CKD lies in the prevention of the development and progression of CKD as well as its complications. Due to the heterogeneous origins and the uncertainty in the pathogenesis of CKD, efficacious therapies for CKD remain challenging. In this review, we focus on the following four themes: first, a summary of the known factors that contribute to CKD development and progression, with an emphasis on avoiding acute kidney injury (AKI); second, an etiology-based treatment strategy for retarding CKD, including the approaches for the common and under-recognized ones; and third, the recommended approaches for ameliorating CKD complications, and the final section discusses the novel agents for counteracting CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tso Yan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Cathay General Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ter Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or
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The Zebrafish Model to Understand Epigenetics in Renal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179152. [PMID: 34502062 PMCID: PMC8431166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are able to alter gene expression and include DNA methylation, different histone variants, and post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs), such as acetylation or phosphorylation, and through short/long RNAs, respectively. In this review, we focus on current knowledge concerning epigenetic modifications in gene regulation. We describe different forms of epigenetic modifications and explain how epigenetic changes can be detected. The relevance of epigenetics in renal diseases is highlighted with multiple examples and the use of the zebrafish model to study glomerular diseases in general and epigenetics in renal diseases in particular is discussed. We end with an outlook on how to use epigenetic modifications as a therapeutic target for different diseases. Here, the zebrafish model can be employed as a high-throughput screening tool not only to discover epigenetic alterations contributing to disease, but also to test novel substances that change epigenetic signatures in vivo. Therefore, the zebrafish model harbors the opportunity to find novel pathogenic pathways allowing a pre-selection of potential targets and compounds to be tested for renal diseases.
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Glastras SJ, Valvi D, Bansal A. Editorial: Developmental Programming of Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:781361. [PMID: 34745018 PMCID: PMC8566724 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.781361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Glastras
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Damaskini Valvi, ; Amita Bansal,
| | - Amita Bansal
- Australian National University (ANU) Medical School, and John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Damaskini Valvi, ; Amita Bansal,
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