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Song XD, Gao HX, Tan H, Xie YY, Zhang X, Zhang CM, Wang YL, Dai EH. Prevalence of infection and reinfection among health care workers in a hospital of Northern China between BA.5/BF.7 and XBB.1.5 wave. Am J Infect Control 2024:S0196-6553(24)00643-6. [PMID: 39151826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection associated with the emergence of Omicron variant in Healthcare workers (HCWs). METHODS We enrolled 760 HCWs who received 2-4 vaccination doses of COVID-19 and followed by BA.5/BF.7 and/or XBB.1.5 breakthrough infections between December 2022 and July 2023. Serum sample from each individual were collected approximately 1,3 and 6 months after last exposure. IgM, IgG and Total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Meanwhile, we created an Enterprise WeChat link for HCWs to self-report SARS-CoV-2 infections, symptoms and post COVID-19 conditions. RESULTS Our study revealed that the reinfection rate among HCWs reached 26.1%. The main symptoms were fever (91.2% vs 60.1%), cough (78.8% vs 58.0%), and sore throat (75.4% vs 59.6%) during infection and reinfection in Omicron BA.5/BF.7 and XBB.1.5 wave, and the interval for reinfection ranged from 91 to 210 days (median 152). Fatigue (23.6%), memory loss (18.8%) and coughing (18.6%) were the most prevalent long COVID symptoms, with a higher prevalence among female HCWs. CONCLUSIONS HCWs reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 causes milder symptoms, but high reinfection rate and short intervals. Strengthen infection prevention and control is crucial to mitigating infection risk and improving health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Dong Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Hui-Xia Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Tan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan-Yan Xie
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chen-Min Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yu-Ling Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Er-Hei Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Jafari M, Asli S, Moghbeli F, Fesharaki MG, Hajiahmadi N, Mojtahedzadeh F, Amel Jamehdar S, Bamdad T. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-antibodies against N, S and RBD after natural infection. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 15:803-810. [PMID: 38156306 PMCID: PMC10751617 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v15i6.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected most countries in the world. Monitoring the humoral immune responses during the natural course of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the duration of them provide useful information for the development of vaccination strategies against this virus and its emerging variants. The importance of the antibody response especially neutralizing antibodies in long-term immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is significant. Materials and Methods The present study is a cross-sectional study of sero-epidemiological type that has been proposed to compare the persistence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) against N (nucleocapsid), S (spike) and RBD (receptor-binding domain) proteins in the community after the time of primary disease. A total of 652 serum samples were collected from hospital staff working in COVID wards, as well as a number of community members with different occupations, among those with positive antibody titers, 86 participated in the resampling test before vaccination. Results There was no association between antibody titer and disease severity (p>0.05). A significant decrease in Ab levels was observed in the paired second samples. The highest rate of decrease was related to anti-N, then anti-RBD and anti-S IgG levels, respectively. There is a significant relationship between the initial antibody titer and its reduction over time (p-value <0.05). Conclusion Our data revealed that humoral immunity following natural infection of SARS-CoV-2 is detectable for at least 4 months, regardless of disease severity. The most decrease in antibody titer over time was related to anti-N IgG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Jafari
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Asli
- Clinical Research Development, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fateme Moghbeli
- Department of Health Information Technology, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Nazila Hajiahmadi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Mojtahedzadeh
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Amel Jamehdar
- Clinical Research Development, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Taravat Bamdad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Elhadidy T, Abdelwahab HW, Shahin D, Hewidy A, Khashaba E, Elmorsey RA, Abo El Kheir N, Eid EA, El-Mesery A, Elmaria MO. Immunological changes in a cohort of COVID-19 survivors: Mansoura University experience. F1000Res 2023; 12:793. [PMID: 37767022 PMCID: PMC10521065 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.134565.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has affected millions of people all over the world since 2019. Infection with COVID-19 initiates a humoral immune response that produces antibodies against specific viral antigens, which in turn is supposed to provide immunity against reinfection for a period of time. The aim of this research was to study the kinetics of IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: One hundred and seventeen post-COVID-19 participants were enrolled in the study. Qualitative assessment of IgM and IgG antibodies over six months (three visits) post recovery was conducted. Results: The current study revealed a significant reduction in IgM and IgG titers between the first and second visits (p <0.001). After six months, the antibody titer had declined by 78.8% from the first visit for IgM and by 49.2% for IgG antibodies. Regarding younger age and male sex, statistically significant persistence of IgM antibodies was noticed at the six months follow up. Also, statistically significant persistent IgG immunity was found in male patients and diabetics by the end of the six months follow up. Conclusions: We observed a significant waning of IgM and IgG titers over a period of six months follow up.. The persistence of positive IgM and IgG antibodies by the end of six months was variable due to differences in age, gender and presence of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Elhadidy
- Chest Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Heba Wagih Abdelwahab
- Chest Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Doaa Shahin
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Asem Hewidy
- Chest Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Eman Khashaba
- Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Rehab Ahmad Elmorsey
- Chest Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Nermin Abo El Kheir
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Eid
- Medicine and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Belkas, Dakahlia Governorate, 7730103, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mesery
- Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Marwa O. Elmaria
- Chest Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
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Maki FM, Al-Thwani AN, Jiad KS, Musafer KNJ. Immunoglobulin G follow-up and immune response longevity analysis in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients and vaccinated individuals: A longitudinal analysis. Hum Antibodies 2023:HAB230004. [PMID: 37334588 DOI: 10.3233/hab-230004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules has long been considered to be crucial for successful humoral immune defence against infections and harmful metabolites, it has become increasingly important in relation to SARS-CoV-2 research. OBJECTIVE To compare longitudinal changes in IgG titres in post-infection and post-vaccination Iraqi participants, and to estimate the protective benefits of the two principal vaccines used in Iraq. METHODS This quantitative study used samples from SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients (n= 75), those vaccinated with two doses of Pfizer or Sinopharm vaccine (n= 75), and healthy unvaccinated individuals (n= 50) who formed a control group. Participant ages (range 20-80 years) and sex (52.7% men, 47.3% females). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure IgG. RESULTS IgG antibody levels peaked in the first month and tapered off in the following three months in both convalescent and vaccinated groups. The latter showed a significant decrease in IgG titres than in the convalescent group. Samples from the group given the mRNA vaccination that targeted spike (S) proteins might have a cross-reactivity between nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins. CONCLUSIONS Participants who had recovered from or who were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 exhibited a protective, persistent and durable humoral immune response for at least a month. This was more potent in the SARS-CoV-2 convalescent group compared to the vaccinated cohort. The IgG titres decayed faster after vaccination with Sinopharm than following the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Mothafar Maki
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Anima Namma Al-Thwani
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Urazov S, Chernov A, Popov O, Klenkova N, Sushentseva N, Polkovnikova I, Apalko S, Kislyuk K, Pavlovich D, Ivanov A, Shcherbak S. Secretory Phospholipase A2 and Interleukin-6 Levels as Predictive Markers of the Severity and Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5540. [PMID: 36982611 PMCID: PMC10059025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. COVID-19 patients need immediate diagnosis and rehabilitation, which makes it urgent to identify new protein markers for a prognosis of the severity and outcome of the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and secretory phospholipase (sPLA2) in the blood of patients regarding the severity and outcome of COVID-19 infection. The study included clinical and biochemical data obtained from 158 patients with COVID-19 treated at St. Petersburg City Hospital No. 40. A detailed clinical blood test was performed on all patients, as well as an assessment of IL-6, sPLA2, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), APTT, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRB), ferritin, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) levels. It was found that the levels of PLA2, IL-6, APTV, AST, CRP, LDH, IL-6, D-dimer, and ferritin, as well as the number of neutrophils, significantly increased in patients with mild to severe COVID-19 infections. The levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with APTT; the levels of AST, LDH, CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin; and the number of neutrophils. The increase in the level of sPLA2 was positively correlated with the levels of CRP, LDH, D-dimer, and ferritin, the number of neutrophils, and APTT, and negatively correlated with the levels of GFR and lymphocytes. High levels of IL-6 and PLA2 significantly increase the risk of a severe course by 13.7 and 2.24 times, and increase the risk of death from COVID-19 infection by 14.82 and 5.32 times, respectively. We have shown that the blood levels of sPLA2 and IL-6 increase in cases which eventually result in death and when patients are transferred to the ICU (as the severity of COVID-19 infection increases), showing that IL-6 and sPLA2 can be considered as early predictors of aggravation of COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Urazov
- City Hospital 40 of Saint Petersburg, 197706 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr Chernov
- Bioenergetics Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg Popov
- City Hospital 40 of Saint Petersburg, 197706 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalya Klenkova
- City Hospital 40 of Saint Petersburg, 197706 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Svetlana Apalko
- City Hospital 40 of Saint Petersburg, 197706 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kseniya Kislyuk
- City Hospital 40 of Saint Petersburg, 197706 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Andrey Ivanov
- Center for Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics, Federal State Budgetary Military Educational Institution of Higher Education “Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov”, 194044 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Shcherbak
- City Hospital 40 of Saint Petersburg, 197706 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Postgraduate Medical Education, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Saint-Petersburg State University”, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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A Pilot Study to Examine If Dietary Habits Can Affect Symptomology in Mild Pre-Vaccination COVID-19 Cases. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091274. [PMID: 36138753 PMCID: PMC9495586 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the severity of symptoms of COVID-19 experienced by the young and healthy individuals is poorly understood. The present study was undertaken to mainly examine whether the respective diets and the type of symptoms experienced by patients are predictive of having long COVID-19. Disease severity was assessed with a symptomatology questionnaire and used to group 55 participants in asymptomatic (AS), mild symptoms (S) and long COVID (LC). We found that experiencing a higher number of symptoms as well as fatigue were predictors of developing LC whereas those who experienced rhinorrhea were less likely to develop LC. Blood samples were also taken to measure vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and duration of spike IgG antibodies. In this study, serum 25(OH)D was not significantly different between 3 symptom groups with median (IQR) ng/mL levels of 22.0 (12.3) in the AS, 22.3 (7.5) in S, and 24.9 (9.4) in the LC group (p ≥ 0.05). The duration of IgG antibody response was found to vary greatly, with some individuals showing raised IgG over a year after infection. To examine whether dietary factors can influence the severity of symptoms, diet was analysed using 4–7-day food diaries as well as a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Some nutrients such as vitamin E, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibre, and iron were associated with lower severity of COVID-19. Lower intake of vitamin E was associated with having LC with a median (IQR) intake of 6.2 mg (3.8) seen in LC vs. 8.6 mg (7.2) in the AS group (p = 0.047). This pilot study has highlighted a few differences in the number and type of symptoms experienced by the young non-hospitalised individuals with mild and long COVID-19 and identified a few dietary components for their potential protective role against long COVID-19, however, the findings need to be confirmed with further large scale studies.
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