1
|
Shokrollahi B, Lee HJ, Baek YC, Jin S, Jang GS, Moon SJ, Um KH, Jang SS, Park MS. Transcriptomic Analysis of Newborn Hanwoo Calves: Effects of Maternal Overnutrition during Mid- to Late Pregnancy on Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Liver. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:704. [PMID: 38927640 PMCID: PMC11202606 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the transcriptomic responses of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and liver in newborn Hanwoo calves subjected to maternal overnutrition during mid- to late gestation. Eight Hanwoo cows were randomly assigned to control and treatment groups. The treatment group received a diet of 4.5 kg of concentrate and 6.5 kg of rice straw daily, resulting in intake levels of 8.42 kg DMI, 5.69 kg TDN, and 0.93 kg CP-higher than the control group (6.07 kg DMI, 4.07 kg TDN, and 0.65 kg CP), with respective NEm values of 9.56 Mcal and 6.68 Mcal. Following birth, newly born calves were euthanized humanely as per ethical guidelines, and SAT and liver samples from newborn calves were collected for RNA extraction and analysis. RNA sequencing identified 192 genes that were differentially expressed in the SAT (17 downregulated and 175 upregulated); notably, HSPA6 emerged as the most significantly upregulated gene in the SAT and as the singular upregulated gene in the liver (adj-p value < 0.05). Additionally, differential gene expression analysis highlighted extensive changes across genes associated with adipogenesis, fibrogenesis, and stress response. The functional enrichment pathway and protein-protein interaction (PPI) unraveled the intricate networks and biological processes impacted by overnutrition, including extracellular matrix organization, cell surface receptor signaling, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. These findings underscore maternal overnutrition's substantial influence on developmental pathways, suggesting profound cellular modifications with potential lasting effects on health and productivity. Despite the robust insights that are provided, the study's limitations (sample size) underscore the necessity for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borhan Shokrollahi
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25340, Republic of Korea; (B.S.); (Y.C.B.); (S.J.); (G.-S.J.); (S.J.M.); (K.-H.U.)
| | - Hyun-Jeong Lee
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Youl Chang Baek
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25340, Republic of Korea; (B.S.); (Y.C.B.); (S.J.); (G.-S.J.); (S.J.M.); (K.-H.U.)
| | - Shil Jin
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25340, Republic of Korea; (B.S.); (Y.C.B.); (S.J.); (G.-S.J.); (S.J.M.); (K.-H.U.)
| | - Gi-Suk Jang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25340, Republic of Korea; (B.S.); (Y.C.B.); (S.J.); (G.-S.J.); (S.J.M.); (K.-H.U.)
| | - Sung Jin Moon
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25340, Republic of Korea; (B.S.); (Y.C.B.); (S.J.); (G.-S.J.); (S.J.M.); (K.-H.U.)
| | - Kyung-Hwan Um
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25340, Republic of Korea; (B.S.); (Y.C.B.); (S.J.); (G.-S.J.); (S.J.M.); (K.-H.U.)
| | - Sun Sik Jang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25340, Republic of Korea; (B.S.); (Y.C.B.); (S.J.); (G.-S.J.); (S.J.M.); (K.-H.U.)
| | - Myung Sun Park
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25340, Republic of Korea; (B.S.); (Y.C.B.); (S.J.); (G.-S.J.); (S.J.M.); (K.-H.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Loor JJ, Elolimy AA. Immunometabolism in livestock: triggers and physiological role of transcription regulators, nutrients, and microbiota. Anim Front 2022; 12:13-22. [PMID: 36268165 PMCID: PMC9564998 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed A Elolimy
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Palmer EA, Vedovatto M, Oliveira RA, Ranches J, Vendramini JMB, Poore MH, Martins T, Binelli M, Arthington JD, Moriel P. Timing of maternal supplementation of dried distillers grains during late gestation influences postnatal growth, immunocompetence, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus-influenced beef calves. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6517363. [PMID: 35092433 PMCID: PMC8903140 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This 2-yr study investigated the timing of dried distillers grains (DDG) supplementation during the third trimester of gestation of Bos indicus-influenced beef cows and its impact on their offspring performance. On day 0 of each year (84 d before calving), Brangus cows (n = 84/yr; cow age = 8 ± 3 yr) were stratified by initial body weight (BW; 482 ± 75 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 5.3 ± 0.8) and assigned randomly to one of six bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (experimental units; 14 cows/pasture). Treatments were assigned randomly to pasture (2 pastures/treatment/yr) and consisted of no prepartum supplementation (CON), 2 kg/d of DDG from day 0 to 42 (LATE42), or 1 kg/d of DDG from day 0 to 84 (LATE84). Following calving (day 84), cow-calf pairs remained in their respective pastures, and cows were offered sugarcane molasses + urea (1.82 kg of dry matter/cow/d) from day 85 until the end of the breeding season (day 224). On day 347, steer calves (n = 38/yr; 11 to 15 steers/treatment/yr) were weaned and transported to the feedlot (1,193 km). Steers were penned according to cow prepartum pasture and managed similarly until the time of harvest. BCS at calving was greater (P < 0.01) for LATE42 and LATE84 vs. CON cows but did not differ (P = 0.16) between LATE42 and LATE84 cows. Calving date, calving percentage, and birth BW of the first offspring did not differ (P ≥ 0.22) among treatments. However, LATE42 cows calved their second offspring 8 d earlier (P = 0.04) compared with CON and LATE84 cows. At weaning (first offspring), LATE84 calves were the heaviest (P ≤ 0.05), CON calves were the lightest, and LATE42 calves had intermediate BW (P ≤ 0.05). Steer plasma concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin and serum bovine viral diarrhea virus type-1 titers did not differ (P ≥ 0.21) between treatments. Steer serum parainfluenza-3 titers were greater (P = 0.03) for LATE42 vs. CON steers, tended to be greater (P = 0.10) for LATE84 compared with CON steers, and did not differ (P = 0.38) between LATE42 and LATE84 steers. Steer feedlot BW, average daily gain, dry matter intake, and hot carcass weight did not differ (P ≥ 0.36) between treatments. Marbling and the percentage of steers grading choice were greater (P ≤ 0.04) for LATE42 vs. CON steers, whereas LATE84 steers were intermediate. In summary, different timing of DDG supplementation during the third trimester of gestation could be explored to optimize cow BCS and offspring preweaning growth and carcass quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Palmer
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- Unidade Universitária de Aquidauana, Universidade Estadual de Mato GrIGFosso do Sul, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhaiza A Oliveira
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Juliana Ranches
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - Joao M B Vendramini
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Matthew H Poore
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Thiago Martins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - John D Arthington
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Philipe Moriel
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA,Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moriel P, Palmer EA, Harvey KM, Cooke RF. Improving Beef Progeny Performance Through Developmental Programming. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.728635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutritional management during gestation appears to modulate fetal development and imprint offspring postnatal health and performance, via altered organ and tissue development and tissue-specific epigenetics. This review highlighted the studies demonstrating how developmental programming could be explored by beef producers to enhance offspring performance (growth, immune function, and reproduction), including altering cow body condition score (BCS) during pregnancy and maternal supplementation of protein and energy, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), trace minerals, frequency of supplementation, specific amino acids, and vitamins. However, this review also highlighted that programming effects on offspring performance reported in the literature were highly variable and depended on level, duration, timing, and type of nutrient restriction during gestation. It is suggested that maternal BCS gain during gestation, rather than BCS per se, enhances offspring preweaning growth. Opportunities for boosting offspring productive responses through maternal supplementation of protein and energy were identified more consistently for pre- vs. post-weaning phases. Maternal supplementation of specific nutrients (i.e., PUFA, trace minerals, and methionine) demonstrated potential for improving offspring performance, health and carcass characteristics during immunological challenging scenarios. Despite the growing body of evidence in recent years, the complexity of investigating developmental programming in beef cattle production is also growing and potential reasons for current research challenges are highlighted herein. These challenges include: (1) intrinsic difficulty of accurately measuring cow milk production multiple times in cow-calf systems; (2) larger focus on Bos taurus vs. Bos indicus breeds despite the predominance of Bos indicus-influenced beef breeds in tropical/subtropical environments and their specific, and sometimes opposite, physiological and performance outcomes compared to Bos taurus breeds; (3) limited focus on interaction between prenatal and postnatal management; (4) sex-specific outcomes following similar maternal nutrition during gestation; (5) greater focus on nutrient deficiency vs. excess; (6) limited implementation of immunological challenges; and (7) lack of multigeneration and longer periods of offspring evaluation. This review provides multiple evidence that such obstacles need to be overcome in order to significantly advance the scientific knowledge of developmental programming in beef cattle and promote global beef production.
Collapse
|