1
|
Abu-Samaha A, McLean E, Weller D, Kelley J, Schmidt AT, Singer J. Comparing Public Perceptions of Child and Adult Grief Responses to Familial Incarceration. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024:302228241266278. [PMID: 39033515 DOI: 10.1177/00302228241266278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Children of incarcerated parents may grieve this loss, yet perceptions of their grief are understudied. Using vignettes varying by age (adult/child) and grief response (prolonged/resilient), we examined differences between perceptions of adults and children grieving parental incarceration. Participants rated grief response appropriateness, comfort providing support, and grief therapy recommendations for the grieving person in the vignette. Participants perceived resilience as more appropriate than prolonged grief [F (1, 224) = 9.02, p = .003, η2 = .04]. Age did not predict outcomes. Recommending grief therapy was higher for prolonged grief, yet 53% of participants with resilient vignettes recommended the person should seek grief therapy, which is concerning given possible iatrogenic effects. Thus, laypeople may have stigma toward individuals grieving parental incarceration, regardless of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abu-Samaha
- Department of Psychological Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Elisabeth McLean
- Department of Psychological Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Destiny Weller
- Department of Psychological Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Kelley
- Department of Psychological Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Adam T Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Singer
- Department of Psychological Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech Univeristy Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boelen PA, Eisma MC, de Keijser J, Lenferink LIM. Treatment Gap in Mental Health Care for Victims of Road Traffic Accidents. Clin Psychol Psychother 2024; 31:e2970. [PMID: 38600844 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are among the most frequent negative life-events. About one in five RTA survivors is susceptible to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Knowledge about needs for, and usage of, mental health services (MHSs) may improve options for care for RTA victims. The current study aimed to assess rates of victims using different MHSs, including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and support groups, and to explore correlates of needs for and use of these MHSs. Further, we aimed to estimate the treatment gap in post-RTA care, defined as including people with probable PTSD who did not use MHSs and people wanting but not getting help from MHSs. Dutch victims of nonlethal RTAs (N = 259) completed self-report measures on needs for and use of MHSs and PTSD. Results showed that 26% of participants had utilized care from psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy or support groups. Among people with probable PTSD, this was 56%. Increased posttraumatic stress was the strongest correlate of MHS use. Forty-eight participants (17.8%) had an unmet care need and represented the treatment gap. Commonly reported reasons and barriers preventing MHS use were perceptions that problems were limited or would disappear without care and financial worries. Regarding possible future care, participants reported a preference for face-to-face (over online) help from a psychologist (over other professionals). The treatment gap for Dutch RTA victims may be limited. However, a significant number of RTA victims need care but do not obtain this care. Care options may be improved by reducing practical barriers to MHSs and increasing mental health literacy and acceptability of different forms of care (besides face-to-face care).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Boelen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten C Eisma
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos de Keijser
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke I M Lenferink
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Psychology, Health & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haering S, Kooistra MJ, Bourey C, Chimed-Ochir U, Doubková N, Hoeboer CM, Lathan EC, Christie H, de Haan A. Exploring transdiagnostic stress and trauma-related symptoms across the world: a latent class analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2318190. [PMID: 38420969 PMCID: PMC10906118 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2318190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Although trauma exposure is universally prevalent, the ways in which individuals respond to potentially traumatic events vary. Between-country differences have been identified as affecting the development and manifestation of transdiagnostic psychological symptoms, but it remains unclear how stress and trauma-related transdiagnostic symptoms and risk patterns differ based on geographic region.Objective: To explore whether there are distinct classes of stress and trauma-related transdiagnostic symptoms and to determine predictors of class membership in a global sample.Method: Participants (N = 8675) from 115 different countries were recruited online between 2020-2022 and completed the Global Psychotrauma Screen, which assesses stress and trauma exposure, related symptoms, and risk factors. A latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify classes of stress and trauma-related symptoms per world region (African States, Asia-Pacific States, Eastern European States, Latin American and Caribbean States, Western European and Other States, and North America) and the total sample. Likelihood of class membership was assessed based on demographics, characteristics of the potentially traumatic event, and potential risk factors across the world regions.Results: Similar class compositions were observed across regions. A joint latent class analysis identified three classes that differed by symptom severity (i.e. high, moderate, low). Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed several factors that conferred greater risk for experiencing higher levels of symptoms, including geographic region, gender, and lack of social support, among others.Conclusions: Stress and trauma-related symptoms seem to be similarly transdiagnostic across the world, supporting the value of a transdiagnostic assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Haering
- Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Gender in Medicine, Charité Center for Health and Human Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marike J. Kooistra
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Bourey
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulziimaa Chimed-Ochir
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Nikola Doubková
- Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chris M. Hoeboer
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma C. Lathan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Anke de Haan
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guldin MB, Leget C. The integrated process model of loss and grief - An interprofessional understanding. DEATH STUDIES 2023; 48:738-752. [PMID: 37883693 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2272960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the vast developments in research on loss and grief, dominant grief models fall short in reflecting the comprehensive issues grieving persons are facing. Three causes seem to be at play: grief is usually understood to be connected to death and other types of loss are under-researched; the majority of research is done from the field of psychology and on pathological forms of grief, hardly integrating research from other disciplines; and the existential suffering related to grief is not recognized or insufficiently integrated in the dominant models. In this paper, we propose an integrated process model (IPM) of loss and grief, distinguishing five dimensions of grief: physical, emotional, cognitive, social, and spiritual. The integrated process model integrates therapies, tools, and models within different scientific theories and paradigms to connect disciplines and professions. The comprehensive and existential understanding of loss and grief has relevance for research, clinical settings and community support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Britt Guldin
- Research Unit for General Practice, Institute for Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark. Center for Grief and Existential Values, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carlo Leget
- University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Grief and Existential Values, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Muhammad T, Sulaiman KM, Ansari S. A positive correlation between daily spiritual practice and reduced depressive symptoms among older adults: evidence from a nationally representative survey among the Indian population. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:273-285. [PMID: 36594206 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the factors associated with daily spiritual experiences of older adults and the association of daily spiritual experiences with major depressive disorder among older Indian adults. METHODS Data for this study were derived from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave-1. The sample size was 31 464 older adults age 60 years and above. Daily spiritual experience was assessed from four items (Cronbach's alpha: 0.89) adapted from the daily spiritual experience scale (DSES). Major depressive disorder was calculated using the Short Form Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-SF). Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable forward stepwise logistic regression analyses were conducted to fulfil the objectives of the study. RESULTS A proportion of 87.46% of older adults reported daily spiritual experiences in the study. Women had higher odds of spiritual experiences than men (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.243; confidence interval (CI): 1.041-1.484). Older adults with higher education, those who were retired, those who reported community involvement or were physically active or belonged to the richest wealth quintile had higher odds of having daily spiritual experiences in comparison to older adults from the poorest wealth quintile. Further, older adults with daily spiritual experiences had significantly lower odds of major depressive disorder (aOR: 0.810; CI: 0.681-0.964) than older adults who did not report daily spiritual experiences. CONCLUSION The study suggests that daily spiritual practices can be a strategy to reduce major depressive symptoms and improve mental health and wellbeing of older adults, and future studies are warranted on this direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - K M Sulaiman
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Salmaan Ansari
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boelen PA, Eisma MC, de Keijser J, Lenferink LIM. Concurrent associations of dimensions of anger with posttraumatic stress, depression, and functional impairment following non-fatal traffic accidents. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2068912. [PMID: 35572388 PMCID: PMC9103591 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2068912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anger is associated with dysfunction following potentially traumatic events. It is still unclear to what extent different types of anger are differentially related to poor outcomes. To advance knowledge in this area, the Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire (PAQ) was designed, measuring anger directed at (i) the justice system, (ii) other people, (iii) the self, (iv) people held accountable for the potential traumatic event, and (v) a desire for revenge to those held responsible. Preliminary evidence shows that these types of anger are distinguishable and differentially associated with posttraumatic stress (PTS). No studies have yet examined whether such findings can be generalized to victims of non-fatal traffic accidents, one of the most common potentially traumatic events. OBJECTIVE This study's aims were (i) to establish if the five-factor structure of the PAQ found in prior studies could be replicated, (ii) to explore whether the intensity of emerging types of anger differed, and (iii) to explore the associations of anger-types with levels of PTS, depression, and functional impairment. METHOD Two-hundred and fifty adults who experienced a traffic accident completed the PAQ and instruments measuring PTS, depression, and functional impairment. They also answered questions about their socio-demographic characteristics and features of the accident. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the PAQ measures five types of anger. Levels of anger at people held accountable were the highest. Structural equation modelling showed that both anger at others and anger at the self, but not the other three anger types, were associated with PTS, depression, and functional impairment, when controlling for the shared variance between the anger types, socio-demographic variables, and features of the accident. CONCLUSIONS Findings illustrate the potential importance of considering different types of anger when assessing and treating PTS following traffic accidents. HIGHLIGHTS Based on data from people confronted with a traffic accident, we found the Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire (PAQ) to represent distinguishable dimensions of anger.Anger dimensions were: anger directed at (i) the justice system, (ii) other people, (iii) the self, (iv) people held accountable for the event, and (v) a desire for revenge to those held responsible.Scores on items measuring anger at people held accountable for the event were significantly higher than scores on items measuring other anger types.Anger at the self and other people were most strongly associated with posttraumatic stress, depression, and functional impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Boelen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten C Eisma
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos de Keijser
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke I M Lenferink
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Health, & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|