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Pongchaiyakul C, Charoenngam N, Rittiphairoj T, Sribenjalak D. Normative Values and Anthropometric Prediction Models for Lean Mass and Fat Mass in the Northeastern Thai Population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024. [PMID: 39178064 DOI: 10.1089/met.2024.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Data on reference values for lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) in the Southeast Asian populations are currently lacking. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the normative values and generate anthropometric prediction models for LM and FM in the Thai population. Methods: Consecutive community-dwelling individuals aged 20-90 years were recruited from Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand, between 2010 and 2015. LM and FM were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Age and sex stratified percentile of LM and FM were presented. Anthropometric prediction models for LM and FM were developed by using linear regression to generate competing models. Results: A total of 832 individuals (334 males and 498 females) were included in the study. The mean ± SD age, LM, and FM were 50.0 ± 16.2 years, 38.9 ± 8.0 kg, and 15.5 ± 7.7 kg, respectively. LM decreased with age from 49.4 kg in 20-29 years group to 42.3 kg in ≥70 years group in male and 34.6 kg in 30-39 years group to 30.8 kg in ≥70 years group in females. FM has an inverse U-shaped association with age, which peaked at 11.9 kg in 60-69 years group in males and 20.7 kg in 50-59 years group in females. Among the various anthropometric models, the models incorporating age, sex, weight, and height were considered the best fit for predicting both LM and FM. Conclusion: In the Thai population, peak LM was reached during early adulthood and decline with age, whereas FM showed an inverse U-shaped association with age. The prediction models incorporating age, sex, weight, and height were proposed as practical tools for assessing LM and FM in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatlert Pongchaiyakul
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Thailand
| | - Nipith Charoenngam
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanitsara Rittiphairoj
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Health Systems Management, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Dueanchonnee Sribenjalak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Thailand
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Loh WJ, Yaligar J, Hooper AJ, Sadananthan SA, Kway Y, Lim SC, Watts GF, Velan SS, Leow MKS, Khoo J. Clinical and imaging features of women with polygenic partial lipodystrophy: a case series. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:3. [PMID: 38321009 PMCID: PMC10847407 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is an inherited disorder of white adipose tissue that causes premature cardiometabolic disease. There is no clear diagnostic criteria for FPLD, and this may explain the under-detection of this condition. AIM This pilot study aimed to describe the clinical features of women with FPLD and to explore the value of adipose tissue measurements that could be useful in diagnosis. METHODS In 8 women with FPLD and 4 controls, skinfold measurements, DXA and whole-body MRI were undertaken. RESULTS Whole genome sequencing was negative for monogenic metabolic causes, but polygenic scores for partial lipodystrophy were elevated in keeping with FPLD type 1. The mean age of diagnosis of DM was 31 years in the FPLD group. Compared with controls, the FPLD group had increased HOMA-IR (10.3 vs 2.9, p = 0.028) and lower mean thigh skinfold thickness (19.5 mm vs 48.2 mm, p = 0.008). The FPLD group had lower percentage of leg fat and an increased ratio of trunk to leg fat percentage on DXA. By MRI, the FPLD group had decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume in the femoral and calf regions (p < 0.01); abdominal SAT, visceral adipose tissue, and femoral and calf muscle volumes were not different from controls. CONCLUSION Women with FPLD1 in Singapore have significant loss of adipose but not muscle tissue in lower limbs and have early onset of diabetes. Reduced thigh skinfold, and increased ratio of trunk to leg fat percentage on DXA are potentially clinically useful markers to identify FPLD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wann Jia Loh
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jadegoud Yaligar
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda J Hooper
- Department of Biochemistry, Pathwest and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yeshe Kway
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, NUS Yong Loo School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Sambasivam Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, NUS Yong Loo School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- LKC School of Medicine, NTU, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joan Khoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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