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Mittelheisser V, Gensbittel V, Bonati L, Li W, Tang L, Goetz JG. Evidence and therapeutic implications of biomechanically regulated immunosurveillance in cancer and other diseases. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:281-297. [PMID: 38286876 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Disease progression is usually accompanied by changes in the biochemical composition of cells and tissues and their biophysical properties. For instance, hallmarks of cancer include the stiffening of tissues caused by extracellular matrix remodelling and the softening of individual cancer cells. In this context, accumulating evidence has shown that immune cells sense and respond to mechanical signals from the environment. However, the mechanisms regulating these mechanical aspects of immune surveillance remain partially understood. The growing appreciation for the 'mechano-immunology' field has urged researchers to investigate how immune cells sense and respond to mechanical cues in various disease settings, paving the way for the development of novel engineering strategies that aim at mechanically modulating and potentiating immune cells for enhanced immunotherapies. Recent pioneer developments in this direction have laid the foundations for leveraging 'mechanical immunoengineering' strategies to treat various diseases. This Review first outlines the mechanical changes occurring during pathological progression in several diseases, including cancer, fibrosis and infection. We next highlight the mechanosensitive nature of immune cells and how mechanical forces govern the immune responses in different diseases. Finally, we discuss how targeting the biomechanical features of the disease milieu and immune cells is a promising strategy for manipulating therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mittelheisser
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Gensbittel
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucia Bonati
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Li Tang
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France.
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2
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Rhodes KA, Rendón MA, Ma MC, Agellon A, Johnson AC, So M. Type IV pilus retraction is required for Neisseria musculi colonization and persistence in a natural mouse model of infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0279223. [PMID: 38084997 PMCID: PMC10790696 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02792-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We describe the importance of Type IV pilus retraction to colonization and persistence by a mouse commensal Neisseria, N. musculi, in its native host. Our findings have implications for the role of Tfp retraction in mediating interactions of human-adapted pathogenic and commensal Neisseria with their human host due to the relatedness of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Rhodes
- Immunobiology Department, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - María A. Rendón
- Immunobiology Department, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Man Cheong Ma
- Immunobiology Department, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Al Agellon
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew C.E. Johnson
- Immunobiology Department, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Magdalene So
- Immunobiology Department, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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3
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Fohmann I, Weinmann A, Schumacher F, Peters S, Prell A, Weigel C, Spiegel S, Kleuser B, Schubert-Unkmeir A. Sphingosine kinase 1/S1P receptor signaling axis is essential for cellular uptake of Neisseria meningitidis in brain endothelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011842. [PMID: 38033162 PMCID: PMC10715668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion of brain endothelial cells (BECs) is central to the pathogenicity of Neisseria meningitidis infection. Here, we established a key role for the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor (S1PR) 2 in the uptake process. Quantitative sphingolipidome analyses of BECs infected with N. meningitidis revealed elevated S1P levels, which could be attributed to enhanced expression of the enzyme sphingosine kinase 1 and its activity. Increased activity was dependent on the interaction of meningococcal type IV pilus with the endothelial receptor CD147. Concurrently, infection led to increased expression of the S1PR2. Blocking S1PR2 signaling impaired epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation, which has been shown to be involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and bacterial endocytosis. Strikingly, targeting S1PR1 or S1PR3 also interfered with bacterial uptake. Collectively, our data support a critical role of the SphK/S1P/S1PR axis in the invasion of N. meningitidis into BECs, defining a potential target for adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Fohmann
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alina Weinmann
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Peters
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agata Prell
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Antypas H, Zhang T, Choong FX, Melican K, Richter-Dahlfors A. Dynamic single cell analysis in a proximal-tubule-on-chip reveals heterogeneous epithelial colonization strategies of uropathogenic Escherichia coli under shear stress. FEMS MICROBES 2023; 4:xtad007. [PMID: 37333433 PMCID: PMC10117878 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The urinary tract is a hydrodynamically challenging microenvironment and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) must overcome several physiological challenges in order to adhere and establish a urinary tract infection. Our previous work in vivo revealed a synergy between different UPEC adhesion organelles, which facilitated effective colonization of the renal proximal tubule. To allow high-resolution real-time analysis of this colonization behavior, we established a biomimetic proximal-tubule-on-chip (PToC). The PToC allowed for single-cell resolution analysis of the first stages of bacterial interaction with host epithelial cells, under physiological flow. Time-lapse microscopy and single-cell trajectory analysis in the PToC revealed that while the majority of UPEC moved directly through the system, a minority population initiated heterogeneous adhesion, identified as either rolling or bound. Adhesion was predominantly transient and mediated by P pili at the earliest time-points. These bound bacteria initiated a founder population which rapidly divided, leading to 3D microcolonies. Within the first hours, the microcolonies did not express extracellular curli matrix, but rather were dependent on Type 1 fimbriae as the key element in the microcolony structure. Collectively, our results show the application of Organ-on-chip technology to address bacterial adhesion behaviors, demonstrating a well-orchestrated interplay and redundancy between adhesion organelles that enables UPEC to form microcolonies and persist under physiological shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Antypas
- AIMES – Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- AIMES – Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferdinand X Choong
- AIMES – Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keira Melican
- AIMES – Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Richter-Dahlfors
- AIMES – Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Perdomo-Gómez CD, Ruiz-Uribe NE, González JM, Forero-Shelton M. Extensible membrane nanotubules mediate attachment of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes under flow. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283182. [PMID: 36947570 PMCID: PMC10032539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease, an important cause of infectious chronic myocardiopathy in Latin America. The life cycle of the parasite involves two main hosts: a triatomine (arthropod hematophagous vector) and a mammal. Epimastigotes are flagellated forms inside the triatomine gut; they mature in its intestine into metacyclic trypomastigotes, the infective form for humans. Parasites attach despite the shear stress generated by fluid flow in the intestines of the host, but little is known about the mechanisms that stabilize attachment in these conditions. Here, we describe the effect of varying levels of shear stress on attached T. cruzi epimastigotes using a parallel plate flow chamber. When flow is applied, parasites are partially dragged but maintain a connection to the surface via ~40 nm wide filaments (nanotubules) and the activity of flagella is reduced. When flow stops, parasites return near their original position and flagellar motion resumes. Nanotubule elongation increases with increasing shear stress and is consistent with a model of membrane tether extension under force. Fluorescent probes used to confirm membrane composition also show micron-wide anchoring pads at the distal end of the nanotubules. Multiple tethering accounts for more resistance to large shear stresses and for reduced flagellar movement when flow is stopped. The formation of membrane nanotubules is a possible mechanism to enhance adherence to host cells under shear stress, favoring the continuity of the parasite´s life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian David Perdomo-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nancy E Ruiz-Uribe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - John Mario González
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Endres LM, Jungblut M, Divyapicigil M, Sauer M, Stigloher C, Christodoulides M, Kim BJ, Schubert-Unkmeir A. Development of a multicellular in vitro model of the meningeal blood-CSF barrier to study Neisseria meningitidis infection. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:81. [PMID: 36289516 PMCID: PMC9597984 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening disease that occurs when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis cross the meningeal blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (mBCSFB) and infect the meninges. Due to the human-specific nature of N. meningitidis, previous research investigating this complex host–pathogen interaction has mostly been done in vitro using immortalized brain endothelial cells (BECs) alone, which often do not retain relevant barrier properties in culture. Here, we developed physiologically relevant mBCSFB models using BECs in co-culture with leptomeningeal cells (LMCs) to examine N. meningitidis interaction. Methods We used BEC-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iBECs) or hCMEC/D3 cells in co-culture with LMCs derived from tumor biopsies. We employed TEM and structured illumination microscopy to characterize the models as well as bacterial interaction. We measured TEER and sodium fluorescein (NaF) permeability to determine barrier tightness and integrity. We then analyzed bacterial adherence and penetration of the cell barrier and examined changes in host gene expression of tight junctions as well as chemokines and cytokines in response to infection. Results Both cell types remained distinct in co-culture and iBECs showed characteristic expression of BEC markers including tight junction proteins and endothelial markers. iBEC barrier function as determined by TEER and NaF permeability was improved by LMC co-culture and remained stable for seven days. BEC response to N. meningitidis infection was not affected by LMC co-culture. We detected considerable amounts of BEC-adherent meningococci and a relatively small number of intracellular bacteria. Interestingly, we discovered bacteria traversing the BEC-LMC barrier within the first 24 h post-infection, when barrier integrity was still high, suggesting a transcellular route for N. meningitidis into the CNS. Finally, we observed deterioration of barrier properties including loss of TEER and reduced expression of cell-junction components at late time points of infection. Conclusions Here, we report, for the first time, on co-culture of human iPSC derived BECs or hCMEC/D3 with meningioma derived LMCs and find that LMC co-culture improves barrier properties of iBECs. These novel models allow for a better understanding of N. meningitidis interaction at the mBCSFB in a physiologically relevant setting. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-022-00379-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo M. Endres
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Jungblut
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Divyapicigil
- grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Microbiology Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Center for Convergent Biosciences & Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA ,grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA
| | - Markus Sauer
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stigloher
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Brandon J. Kim
- grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Microbiology Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Center for Convergent Biosciences & Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA ,grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA
| | - Alexandra Schubert-Unkmeir
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Huang W, Le S, Sun Y, Lin DJ, Yao M, Shi Y, Yan J. Mechanical Stabilization of a Bacterial Adhesion Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16808-16818. [PMID: 36070862 PMCID: PMC9501914 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The adhesions between Gram-positive bacteria and their
hosts are
exposed to varying magnitudes of tensile forces. Here, using an ultrastable
magnetic tweezer-based single-molecule approach, we show the catch-bond
kinetics of the prototypical adhesion complex of SD-repeat protein
G (SdrG) to a peptide from fibrinogen β (Fgβ) over a physiologically
important force range from piconewton (pN) to tens of pN, which was
not technologically accessible to previous studies. At 37 °C,
the lifetime of the complex exponentially increases from seconds at
several pN to ∼1000 s as the force reaches 30 pN, leading to
mechanical stabilization of the adhesion. The dissociation transition
pathway is determined as the unbinding of a critical β-strand
peptide (“latch” strand of SdrG that secures the entire
adhesion complex) away from its binding cleft, leading to the dissociation
of the Fgβ ligand. Similar mechanical stabilization behavior
is also observed in several homologous adhesions, suggesting the generality
of catch-bond kinetics in such bacterial adhesions. We reason that
such mechanical stabilization confers multiple advantages in the pathogenesis
and adaptation of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmao Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Shimin Le
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542.,Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuze Sun
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Dennis Jingxiong Lin
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Mingxi Yao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411.,Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546
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Joshi M, Purohit M, Shah DP, Patel D, Depani P, Moryani P, Krishnakumar A. Pathogenomic in silico approach identifies NSP-A and Fe-IIISBP as possible drug targets in Neisseria Meningitidis MC58 and development of pharmacophores as novel therapeutic candidates. Mol Divers 2022:10.1007/s11030-022-10480-y. [PMID: 35879631 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Meningitis creates a life-threatening clinical crisis. Moreover, the administered antibiotics result into multi-drug resistance, thereby necessitating development of alternative therapeutic strategies. This study aimed at identifying novel-drug targets in Neisseria meningitidis and therapeutic molecules which can be exploited for the treatment of meningitis. Novel targets were identified by applying a pathogenomic approach involving protein data-set mining, subtractive channel analysis and subsequent qualitative analysis comprising of in silico pharmacokinetics, molecular docking and pharmacophore generation. Pathogenomic studies revealed Neisserial Surface Protein A (NSP-A) and Iron-III-Substrate Binding Protein (Fe-IIISBP) as potential targets. Two pharmacophore models comprising of 2-(biaryl) carbapenems, efavirenz, praziquantel and pyrimethamine for NSP-A and 2-(biaryl) carbapenems, trimipramine and pyrimethamine for Fe-IIISBP, showed successful docking, followed drug-likeness criteria and generated pharmacophore model with a score of 8.08 and 8.818, respectively, which had further been docked to the target stably. Thus, our study identifies NSP-A and Fe-IIISBP as novel targets in Neisseria meningitidis for which 2-(biaryl) carbapenems, efavirenz, praziquantel, trimipramine and pyrimethamine may be employed for effective treatment of meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Maitree Purohit
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Dhriti P Shah
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Devanshi Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Preksha Depani
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Premkumar Moryani
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Amee Krishnakumar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India.
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Mikucki A, McCluskey NR, Kahler CM. The Host-Pathogen Interactions and Epicellular Lifestyle of Neisseria meningitidis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:862935. [PMID: 35531336 PMCID: PMC9072670 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.862935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative diplococcus and a transient commensal of the human nasopharynx. It shares and competes for this niche with a number of other Neisseria species including N. lactamica, N. cinerea and N. mucosa. Unlike these other members of the genus, N. meningitidis may become invasive, crossing the epithelium of the nasopharynx and entering the bloodstream, where it rapidly proliferates causing a syndrome known as Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD). IMD progresses rapidly to cause septic shock and meningitis and is often fatal despite aggressive antibiotic therapy. While many of the ways in which meningococci survive in the host environment have been well studied, recent insights into the interactions between N. meningitidis and the epithelial, serum, and endothelial environments have expanded our understanding of how IMD develops. This review seeks to incorporate recent work into the established model of pathogenesis. In particular, we focus on the competition that N. meningitidis faces in the nasopharynx from other Neisseria species, and how the genetic diversity of the meningococcus contributes to the wide range of inflammatory and pathogenic potentials observed among different lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- August Mikucki
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicolie R. McCluskey
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Telethon Kids Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Charlene M. Kahler
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Charlene M. Kahler,
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10
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Marullo S, Scott MGH, Enslen H, Coureuil M. Mechanical Activation of the β 2-Adrenergic Receptor by Meningococcus: A Historical and Future Perspective Analysis of How a Bacterial Probe Can Reveal Signalling Pathways in Endothelial Cells, and a Unique Mode of Receptor Activation Involving Its N-Terminal Glycan Chains. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:883568. [PMID: 35586623 PMCID: PMC9108228 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.883568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 12 years have passed since the seminal observation that meningococcus, a pathogen causing epidemic meningitis in humans, occasionally associated with infectious vasculitis and septic shock, can promote the translocation of β-arrestins to the cell surface beneath bacterial colonies. The cellular receptor used by the pathogen to induce signalling in host cells and allowing it to open endothelial cell junctions and reach meninges was unknown. The involvement of β-arrestins, which are scaffolding proteins regulating G protein coupled receptor signalling and function, incited us to specifically investigate this class of receptors. In this perspective article we will summarize the events leading to the discovery that the β2-adrenergic receptor is the receptor that initiates the signalling cascades induced by meningococcus in host cells. This receptor, however, cannot mediate cell infection on its own. It needs to be pre-associated with an "early" adhesion receptor, CD147, within a hetero-oligomeric complex, stabilized by the cytoskeletal protein α-actinin 4. It then required several years to understand how the pathogen actually activates the signalling receptor. Once bound to the N-terminal glycans of the β2-adrenergic receptor, meningococcus provides a mechanical stimulation that induces the biased activation of β-arrestin-mediated signalling pathways. This activating mechanical stimulus can be reproduced in the absence of any pathogen by applying equivalent forces on receptor glycans. Mechanical activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor might have a physiological role in signalling events promoted in the context of cell-to-cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marullo
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Stefano Marullo,
| | - Mark G. H. Scott
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Enslen
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Université de Paris, Institut-Necker-Enfants-Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
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11
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Ivanov SS, Castore R, Juarez Rodriguez MD, Circu M, Dragoi AM. Neisseria gonorrhoeae subverts formin-dependent actin polymerization to colonize human macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010184. [PMID: 34962968 PMCID: PMC8746766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton dictates plasma membrane morphogenesis and is frequently subverted by bacterial pathogens for entry and colonization of host cells. The human-adapted bacterial pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae can colonize and replicate when cultured with human macrophages, however the basic understanding of how this process occurs is incomplete. N. gonorrhoeae is the etiological agent of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea and tissue resident macrophages are present in the urogenital mucosa, which is colonized by the bacteria. We uncovered that when gonococci colonize macrophages, they can establish an intracellular or a cell surface-associated niche that support bacterial replication independently. Unlike other intracellular bacterial pathogens, which enter host cells as single bacterium, establish an intracellular niche and then replicate, gonococci invade human macrophages as a colony. Individual diplococci are rapidly phagocytosed by macrophages and transported to lysosomes for degradation. However, we found that surface-associated gonococcal colonies of various sizes can invade macrophages by triggering actin skeleton rearrangement resulting in plasma membrane invaginations that slowly engulf the colony. The resulting intracellular membrane-bound organelle supports robust bacterial replication. The gonococci-occupied vacuoles evaded fusion with the endosomal compartment and were enveloped by a network of actin filaments. We demonstrate that gonococcal colonies invade macrophages via a process mechanistically distinct from phagocytosis that is regulated by the actin nucleating factor FMNL3 and is independent of the Arp2/3 complex. Our work provides insights into the gonococci life-cycle in association with human macrophages and defines key host determinants for macrophage colonization. During infection, the human-adapted bacterial pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae and causative agent of gonorrhea can invade the submucosa of the urogenital tract where it encounters tissue-resident innate immune sentinels, such as macrophages and neutrophils. Instead of eliminating gonococci, macrophages support robust bacterial replication. Here, we detail the life cycle of N. gonorrhoeae in association with macrophages and define key regulators that govern the colonization processes. We uncovered that N. gonorrhoeae establishes two distinct subcellular niches that support bacterial replication autonomously–one niche was on the macrophage surface and another one was intracellular. Gonococci subverted the host actin cytoskeleton through the actin nucleating factor FMNL3 to invade colonized macrophages and occupy a membrane-bound intracellular organelle. We propose that N. gonorrhoeae ability to occupy distinct subcellular niches when colonizing macrophages likely confers broad protection against multiple host defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanimir S. Ivanov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SSI); (AMD)
| | - Reneau Castore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Maria Dolores Juarez Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Magdalena Circu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ana-Maria Dragoi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SSI); (AMD)
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12
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Arenas J, Szabo Z, van der Wal J, Maas C, Riaz T, Tønjum T, Tommassen J. Serum proteases prevent bacterial biofilm formation: role of kallikrein and plasmin. Virulence 2021; 12:2902-2917. [PMID: 34903146 PMCID: PMC8677018 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2003115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a general strategy for bacterial pathogens to withstand host defense mechanisms. In this study, we found that serum proteases inhibit biofilm formation by Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Bordetella pertussis. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy analysis revealed that these proteins reduce the biomass and alter the architecture of meningococcal biofilms. To understand the underlying mechanism, the serum was fractionated through size-exclusion chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography, and the composition of the fractions that retained anti-biofilm activity against N. meningitidis was analyzed by intensity-based absolute quantification mass spectrometry. Among the identified serum proteins, plasma kallikrein (PKLK), FXIIa, and plasmin were found to cleave neisserial heparin-binding antigen and the α-peptide of IgA protease on the meningococcal cell surface, resulting in the release of positively charged polypeptides implicated in biofilm formation by binding extracellular DNA. Further experiments also revealed that plasmin and PKLK inhibited biofilm formation of B. pertussis by cleaving filamentous hemagglutinin. We conclude that the proteolytic activity of serum proteases toward bacterial adhesins involved in biofilm formation could constitute a defense mechanism for the clearance of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Arenas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Zalan Szabo
- Research and Development Department, U-Protein Express BV, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle van der Wal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen Maas
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tahira Riaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Tønjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Tommassen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Ellison CK, Whitfield GB, Brun YV. Type IV Pili: Dynamic Bacterial Nanomachines. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6425739. [PMID: 34788436 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and archaea rely on appendages called type IV pili (T4P) to participate in diverse behaviors including surface sensing, biofilm formation, virulence, protein secretion, and motility across surfaces. T4P are broadly distributed fibers that dynamically extend and retract, and this dynamic activity is essential for their function in broad processes. Despite the essentiality of dynamics in T4P function, little is known about the role of these dynamics and molecular mechanisms controlling them. Recent advances in microscopy have yielded insight into the role of T4P dynamics in their diverse functions and recent structural work has expanded what is known about the inner workings of the T4P motor. This review discusses recent progress in understanding the function, regulation, and mechanisms of T4P dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Ellison
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Gregory B Whitfield
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves V Brun
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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14
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Barnier JP, Meyer J, Kolappan S, Bouzinba-Ségard H, Gesbert G, Jamet A, Frapy E, Schönherr-Hellec S, Capel E, Virion Z, Dupuis M, Bille E, Morand P, Schmitt T, Bourdoulous S, Nassif X, Craig L, Coureuil M. The minor pilin PilV provides a conserved adhesion site throughout the antigenically variable meningococcal type IV pilus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2109364118. [PMID: 34725157 PMCID: PMC8609321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109364118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis utilizes type IV pili (T4P) to adhere to and colonize host endothelial cells, a process at the heart of meningococcal invasive diseases leading to meningitis and sepsis. T4P are polymers of an antigenically variable major pilin building block, PilE, plus several core minor pilins that initiate pilus assembly and are thought to be located at the pilus tip. Adhesion of N. meningitidis to human endothelial cells requires both PilE and a conserved noncore minor pilin PilV, but the localization of PilV and its precise role in this process remains to be clarified. Here, we show that both PilE and PilV promote adhesion to endothelial vessels in vivo. The substantial adhesion defect observed for pilV mutants suggests it is the main adhesin. Consistent with this observation, superresolution microscopy showed the abundant distribution of PilV throughout the pilus. We determined the crystal structure of PilV and modeled it within the pilus filament. The small size of PilV causes it to be recessed relative to adjacent PilE subunits, which are dominated by a prominent hypervariable loop. Nonetheless, we identified a conserved surface-exposed adhesive loop on PilV by alanine scanning mutagenesis. Critically, antibodies directed against PilV inhibit N. meningitidis colonization of human skin grafts. These findings explain how N. meningitidis T4P undergo antigenic variation to evade the humoral immune response while maintaining their adhesive function and establish the potential of this highly conserved minor pilin as a vaccine and therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of N. meningitidis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Barnier
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
- Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Julie Meyer
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Subramania Kolappan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 3Y6, Canada
| | - Haniaa Bouzinba-Ségard
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Gaël Gesbert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Anne Jamet
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
- Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Eric Frapy
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Sophia Schönherr-Hellec
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Elena Capel
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Zoé Virion
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marion Dupuis
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bille
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
- Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Philippe Morand
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
- Service de Bactériologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Taliah Schmitt
- Service de Chirurgie Reconstructrice et Plastique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris 75014, France
| | - Sandrine Bourdoulous
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Xavier Nassif
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
- Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Lisa Craig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 3Y6, Canada;
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France;
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
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15
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Moreno-Cañadas R, Luque-Martín L, Arroyo AG. Intravascular Crawling of Patrolling Monocytes: A Lèvy-Like Motility for Unique Search Functions? Front Immunol 2021; 12:730835. [PMID: 34603307 PMCID: PMC8485030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patrolling monocytes (PMo) are the organism’s preeminent intravascular guardians by their continuous search of damaged endothelial cells and harmful microparticles for their removal and to restore homeostasis. This surveillance is accomplished by PMo crawling on the apical side of the endothelium through regulated interactions of integrins and chemokine receptors with their endothelial ligands. We propose that the search mode governs the intravascular motility of PMo in vivo in a similar way to T cells looking for antigen in tissues. Signs of damage to the luminal side of the endothelium (local death, oxidized LDL, amyloid deposits, tumor cells, pathogens, abnormal red cells, etc.) will change the diffusive random towards a Lèvy-like crawling enhancing their recognition and clearance by PMo damage receptors as the integrin αMβ2 and CD36. This new perspective can help identify new actors to promote unique PMo intravascular actions aimed at maintaining endothelial fitness and combating harmful microparticles involved in diseases as lung metastasis, Alzheimer’s angiopathy, vaso-occlusive disorders, and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Moreno-Cañadas
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Luque-Martín
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Manriquez V, Nivoit P, Urbina T, Echenique-Rivera H, Melican K, Fernandez-Gerlinger MP, Flamant P, Schmitt T, Bruneval P, Obino D, Duménil G. Colonization of dermal arterioles by Neisseria meningitidis provides a safe haven from neutrophils. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4547. [PMID: 34315900 PMCID: PMC8316345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis can cause meningitis and fatal systemic disease. The bacteria colonize blood vessels and rapidly cause vascular damage, despite a neutrophil-rich inflammatory infiltrate. Here, we use a humanized mouse model to show that vascular colonization leads to the recruitment of neutrophils, which partially reduce bacterial burden and vascular damage. This partial effect is due to the ability of bacteria to colonize capillaries, venules and arterioles, as observed in human samples. In venules, potent neutrophil recruitment allows efficient bacterial phagocytosis. In contrast, in infected capillaries and arterioles, adhesion molecules such as E-Selectin are not expressed on the endothelium, and intravascular neutrophil recruitment is minimal. Our results indicate that the colonization of capillaries and arterioles by N. meningitidis creates an intravascular niche that precludes the action of neutrophils, resulting in immune escape and progression of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Manriquez
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Nivoit
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Tomas Urbina
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Keira Melican
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Patricia Flamant
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Bruneval
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Dorian Obino
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Guillaume Duménil
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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17
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Surface architecture of Neisseria meningitidis capsule and outer membrane as revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy. Res Microbiol 2021; 172:103865. [PMID: 34284091 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An extensive morphological analysis of the Neisseria meningitidis cell envelope, including serogroup B capsule and outer membrane, based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) together with mechanical characterization by force spectroscopic measurements, has been carried out. Three meningococcal strains were used: the encapsulated serogroup B strain B1940, and the isogenic mutants B1940 siaD(+C) (lacking capsule), and B1940 cps (lacking both capsule and lipooligosaccharide outer core). regularly structured AFM experiments with the encapsulated strain B1940 provided unprecedented images of the meningococcal capsule, which seems to be characterized by protrusions ("bumps") with the lateral dimensions of about 30 nm. Measurement of the Young's modulus provided quantitative assessment of the property of the capsule to confer resistance to mechanical stress. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy gave a fingerprint by which it was possible to identify the specific molecular species of the three strains analyzed, and to highlight major differences between them.
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18
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Lactate-induced dispersal of Neisseria meningitidis microcolonies is mediated by changes in cell density and pilus retraction and is influenced by temperature change. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0029621. [PMID: 34125601 PMCID: PMC8445170 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00296-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is the etiologic agent of meningococcal meningitis and sepsis. Initial colonization of meningococci to the upper respiratory tract epithelium is crucial for disease development. The colonization occurs in several steps and expression of type IV pili (Tfp) is essential for both attachment and microcolony formation of encapsulated bacteria. Previously, we have shown that host-derived lactate induces synchronized dispersal of meningococcal microcolonies. In this study, we demonstrated that lactate-induced dispersal is dependent on bacterial concentration but not on the quorum sensing system autoinducer-2 or the two-component systems NarP/NarQ, PilR/PilS, NtrY/NtrX, and MisR/MisS. Further, there were no changes in expression of genes related to assembly, elongation, retraction, and modification of Tfp throughout the time course of lactate induction. By using pilT and pptB mutants, however, we found that lactate-induced dispersal was dependent on PilT-retraction but not on phosphoglycerol-modification of Tfp even though the PptB activity was important for preventing re-aggregation post-dispersal. Furthermore, protein synthesis was required for lactate-induced dispersal. Finally, we found that at a lower temperature, lactate-induced dispersal was delayed and unsynchronized, and bacteria reformed microcolonies. We conclude that lactate-induced microcolony dispersal is dependent on bacterial concentration, PilT-dependent Tfp retraction, and protein synthesis and influenced by environmental temperature.
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19
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Dos Santos Souza I, Maïssa N, Ziveri J, Morand PC, Coureuil M, Nassif X, Bourdoulous S. Meningococcal disease: A paradigm of type-IV pilus dependent pathogenesis. Cell Microbiol 2021; 22:e13185. [PMID: 32185901 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for two devastating forms of invasive diseases: purpura fulminans and meningitis. Interaction with both peripheral and cerebral microvascular endothelial cells is at the heart of meningococcal pathogenesis. During the last two decades, an essential role for meningococcal type IV pili in vascular colonisation and disease progression has been unravelled. This review summarises 20 years of research on meningococcal type IV pilus-dependent virulence mechanisms, up to the identification of promising anti-virulence compounds that target type IV pili.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Dos Santos Souza
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nawal Maïssa
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jason Ziveri
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe C Morand
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Institut-Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nassif
- Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1151, Institut-Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8253, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Bourdoulous
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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20
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Semchenko EA, Mubaiwa TD, Day CJ, Seib KL. Role of the Gonococcal Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen in Microcolony Formation, and Serum Resistance and Adherence to Epithelial Cells. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:1612-1622. [PMID: 31781772 PMCID: PMC7184908 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The sexually transmitted infection gonorrhoea is on the rise worldwide and an increased understanding of the mechanisms of colonization and pathogenesis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is required to aid development of new treatment and prevention strategies. In the current study, we investigate the neisserial heparin-binding antigen (NHBA) of N. gonorrhoeae and confirm its role in binding to several glycans, including heparin, and identify interactions of NHBA with both gonococcal and host cells. Furthermore, we report that a gonococcal nhba mutant displays decreased cell aggregation and microcolony formation, as well as reduced survival in human serum and reduced adherence to human cervical and urethral epithelial cells, relative to the wild-type strain. These data indicate that the gonococcal NHBA contributes to several aspects of the colonization and survival of N. gonorrhoeae and may be a target for new antimicrobial or vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Semchenko
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tsitsi D Mubaiwa
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate L Seib
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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21
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Interactions and Signal Transduction Pathways Involved during Central Nervous System Entry by Neisseria meningitidis across the Blood-Brain Barriers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228788. [PMID: 33233688 PMCID: PMC7699760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative diplococcus Neisseria meningitidis, also called meningococcus, exclusively infects humans and can cause meningitis, a severe disease that can lead to the death of the afflicted individuals. To cause meningitis, the bacteria have to enter the central nervous system (CNS) by crossing one of the barriers protecting the CNS from entry by pathogens. These barriers are represented by the blood–brain barrier separating the blood from the brain parenchyma and the blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barriers at the choroid plexus and the meninges. During the course of meningococcal disease resulting in meningitis, the bacteria undergo several interactions with host cells, including the pharyngeal epithelium and the cells constituting the barriers between the blood and the CSF. These interactions are required to initiate signal transduction pathways that are involved during the crossing of the meningococci into the blood stream and CNS entry, as well as in the host cell response to infection. In this review we summarize the interactions and pathways involved in these processes, whose understanding could help to better understand the pathogenesis of meningococcal meningitis.
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22
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Dhanda AS, Yang D, Guttman JA. Localization of alpha-actinin-4 during infections by actin remodeling bacteria. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:1400-1419. [PMID: 33099893 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens cause disease by subverting the structure and function of their target host cells. Several foodborne agents such as Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) manipulate the host actin cytoskeleton to cause diarrheal (and systemic) infections. During infections, these invasive and adherent pathogens hijack the actin filaments of their host cells and rearrange them into discrete actin-rich structures that promote bacterial adhesion (via pedestals), invasion (via membrane ruffles and endocytic cups), intracellular motility (via comet/rocket tails) and/or intercellular dissemination (via membrane protrusions and invaginations). We have previously shown that actin-rich structures generated by L. monocytogenes contain the host actin cross-linker α-actinin-4. Here we set out to examine α-actinin-4 during other key steps of the L. monocytogenes infectious cycle as well as characterize the subcellular distribution of α-actinin-4 during infections with other model actin-hijacking bacterial pathogens (S. flexneri, S. Typhimurium and EPEC). Although α-actinin-4 is absent at sites of initial L. monocytogenes invasion, we show that it is a new component of the membrane invaginations formed during secondary infections of neighboring host cells. Importantly, we reveal that α-actinin-4 also localizes to the major actin-rich structures generated during cell culture infections with S. flexneri (comet/rocket tails and membrane protrusions), S. Typhimurium (membrane ruffles) and EPEC (pedestals). Taken together, these findings suggest that α-actinin-4 is a host factor that is exploited by an assortment of actin-hijacking bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Dhanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diana Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julian A Guttman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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23
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Takahashi H, Dohmae N, Kim KS, Shimuta K, Ohnishi M, Yokoyama S, Yanagisawa T. Genetic incorporation of non-canonical amino acid photocrosslinkers in Neisseria meningitidis: New method provides insights into the physiological function of the function-unknown NMB1345 protein. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237883. [PMID: 32866169 PMCID: PMC7458321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although whole-genome sequencing has provided novel insights into Neisseria meningitidis, many open reading frames have only been annotated as hypothetical proteins with unknown biological functions. Our previous genetic analyses revealed that the hypothetical protein, NMB1345, plays a crucial role in meningococcal infection in human brain microvascular endothelial cells; however, NMB1345 has no homology to any identified protein in databases and its physiological function could not be elucidated using pre-existing methods. Among the many biological technologies to examine transient protein-protein interaction in vivo, one of the developed methods is genetic code expansion with non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) utilizing a pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNAPyl pair from Methanosarcina species: However, this method has never been applied to assign function-unknown proteins in pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, we developed a new method to genetically incorporate ncAAs-encoded photocrosslinking probes into N. meningitidis by utilizing a pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNAPyl pair and elucidated the biological function(s) of the NMB1345 protein. The results revealed that the NMB1345 protein directly interacts with PilE, a major component of meningococcal pili, and further physicochemical and genetic analyses showed that the interaction between the NMB1345 protein and PilE was important for both functional pilus formation and meningococcal infectious ability in N. meningitidis. The present study using this new methodology for N. meningitidis provides novel insights into meningococcal pathogenesis by assigning the function of a hypothetical protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takahashi
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Bacteriology I, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kwang Sik Kim
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ken Shimuta
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Bacteriology I, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Bacteriology I, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yanagisawa
- RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama, Japan
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24
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Moorthy S, Byfield FJ, Janmey PA, Klein EA. Matrix stiffness regulates endosomal escape of uropathogenic E. coli. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13196. [PMID: 32083802 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) infection in vivo is characterized by invasion of bladder umbrella epithelial cells followed by endosomal escape and proliferation in the cytoplasm to form intracellular bacterial communities. By contrast, UPEC infection in tissue culture models results in bacteria being trapped within Lamp1-positive endosomes where proliferation is limited. Pharmacological disruption of the actin cytoskeleton has been shown to facilitate UPEC endosomal escape in vitro and extracellular matrix stiffness is a well-characterized physiological regulator of actin dynamics; therefore, we hypothesized that substrate stiffness may play a role in UPEC endosomal escape. Using functionalized polyacrylamide substrates, we found that at physiological stiffness, UPEC escaped the endosome and proliferated rapidly in the cytoplasm of bladder epithelial cells. Dissection of the cytoskeletal signaling pathway demonstrated that inhibition of the Rho GTPase RhoB or its effector PRK1 was sufficient to increase cytoplasmic bacterial growth and that RhoB protein level was significantly reduced at physiological stiffness. Our data suggest that tissue stiffness is a critical regulator of intracellular bacterial growth. Due to the ease of doing genetic and pharmacological manipulations in cell culture, this model system may provide a useful tool for performing mechanistic studies on the intracellular life cycle of uropathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Moorthy
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fitzroy J Byfield
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, New Jersey, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, New Jersey, USA
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25
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Custodio R, Johnson E, Liu G, Tang CM, Exley RM. Commensal Neisseria cinerea impairs Neisseria meningitidis microcolony development and reduces pathogen colonisation of epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008372. [PMID: 32208456 PMCID: PMC7092958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly being recognised that the interplay between commensal and pathogenic bacteria can dictate the outcome of infection. Consequently, there is a need to understand how commensals interact with their human host and influence pathogen behaviour at epithelial surfaces. Neisseria meningitidis, a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis, exclusively colonises the human nasopharynx and shares this niche with several other Neisseria species, including the commensal Neisseria cinerea. Here, we demonstrate that during adhesion to human epithelial cells N. cinerea co-localises with molecules that are also recruited by the meningococcus, and show that, similar to N. meningitidis, N. cinerea forms dynamic microcolonies on the cell surface in a Type four pilus (Tfp) dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrate that N. cinerea colocalises with N. meningitidis on the epithelial cell surface, limits the size and motility of meningococcal microcolonies, and impairs the effective colonisation of epithelial cells by the pathogen. Our data establish that commensal Neisseria can mimic and affect the behaviour of a pathogen on epithelial cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Custodio
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Errin Johnson
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guangyu Liu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph M. Tang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M. Exley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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26
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Marullo S, Doly S, Saha K, Enslen H, Scott MGH, Coureuil M. Mechanical GPCR Activation by Traction Forces Exerted on Receptor N-Glycans. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:171-178. [PMID: 32296760 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells are sensitive to chemical stimulation which is converted into intracellular biochemical signals by the activation of specific receptors. Mechanical stimulations can also induce biochemical responses via the activation of various mechano-sensors. Although principally appreciated for their chemosensory function, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) may participate in mechano-transduction. They are indirectly activated by the paracrine release of chemical compounds secreted in response to mechanical stimuli, but they might additionally behave as mechano-sensors that are directly stimulated by mechanical forces. Although several studies are consistent with this latter hypothesis, the molecular mechanisms of a potential direct mechanical activation of GPCRs have remained elusive until recently. In particular, investigating the activation of the catecholamine β2-adrenergic receptor by a pathogen revealed that traction forces directly exerted on the N-terminus of the receptor via N-glycan chains activate specific signaling pathways. These findings open new perspectives in GPCR biology and pharmacology since most GPCRs express N-glycan chains in their N-terminus, which might similarly be involved in the interaction with cell-surface glycan-specific lectins in the context of cell-to-cell mechanical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marullo
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Stephane Doly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, NEURO-DOL, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kusumika Saha
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Enslen
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Mark G H Scott
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Université de Paris, Institut-Necker-Enfants-Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 75015 Paris, France
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27
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Kennouche P, Charles‐Orszag A, Nishiguchi D, Goussard S, Imhaus A, Dupré M, Chamot‐Rooke J, Duménil G. Deep mutational scanning of the Neisseria meningitidis major pilin reveals the importance of pilus tip-mediated adhesion. EMBO J 2019; 38:e102145. [PMID: 31609039 PMCID: PMC6856618 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Type IV pili (TFP) are multifunctional micrometer-long filaments expressed at the surface of many prokaryotes. In Neisseria meningitidis, TFP are crucial for virulence. Indeed, these homopolymers of the major pilin PilE mediate interbacterial aggregation and adhesion to host cells. However, the mechanisms behind these functions remain unclear. Here, we simultaneously determined regions of PilE involved in pilus display, auto-aggregation, and adhesion by using deep mutational scanning and started mining this extensive functional map. For auto-aggregation, pili must reach a minimum length to allow pilus-pilus interactions through an electropositive cluster of residues centered around Lys140. For adhesion, results point to a key role for the tip of the pilus. Accordingly, purified pili interacting with host cells initially bind via their tip-located major pilin and then along their length. Overall, these results identify functional domains of PilE and support a direct role of the major pilin in TFP-dependent aggregation and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kennouche
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections UnitINSERMInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- Université Paris DescartesParisFrance
| | | | - Daiki Nishiguchi
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections UnitINSERMInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Sylvie Goussard
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections UnitINSERMInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Anne‐Flore Imhaus
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections UnitINSERMInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Mathieu Dupré
- Institut PasteurCNRS USR 2000Mass Spectrometry for Biology UnitParisFrance
| | - Julia Chamot‐Rooke
- Institut PasteurCNRS USR 2000Mass Spectrometry for Biology UnitParisFrance
| | - Guillaume Duménil
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections UnitINSERMInstitut PasteurParisFrance
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28
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Le Guennec L, Coureuil M, Nassif X, Bourdoulous S. Strategies used by bacterial pathogens to cross the blood-brain barrier. Cell Microbiol 2019; 22:e13132. [PMID: 31658405 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The skull, spine, meninges, and cellular barriers at the blood-brain and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces well protect the brain and meningeal spaces against microbial invasion. However, once in the bloodstream, a range of pathogenic bacteria is able to reach the brain and cause meningitis. Despite advances in antibacterial therapy, bacterial meningitis remains one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. The most common causative bacteria in children and adults are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis associated with high morbidity and mortality, while among neonates, most cases of bacterial meningitis are due to group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli. Here we summarise our current knowledge on the strategies used by these bacterial pathogens to survive in the bloodstream, to colonise the brain vasculature and to cross the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Le Guennec
- Inserm (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale), U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS (Centre National de la recherche Scientifique), UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Inserm (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale), unité U1151, Institut-Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France.,CNRS (Centre National de la recherche Scientifique), UMR 8253, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nassif
- Inserm (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale), unité U1151, Institut-Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France.,CNRS (Centre National de la recherche Scientifique), UMR 8253, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Bourdoulous
- Inserm (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale), U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS (Centre National de la recherche Scientifique), UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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29
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Virion Z, Doly S, Saha K, Lambert M, Guillonneau F, Bied C, Duke RM, Rudd PM, Robbe-Masselot C, Nassif X, Coureuil M, Marullo S. Sialic acid mediated mechanical activation of β 2 adrenergic receptors by bacterial pili. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4752. [PMID: 31628314 PMCID: PMC6800425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningococcus utilizes β-arrestin selective activation of endothelial cell β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) to cause meningitis in humans. Molecular mechanisms of receptor activation by the pathogen and of its species selectivity remained elusive. We report that β2AR activation requires two asparagine-branched glycan chains with terminally exposed N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (sialic acid, Neu5Ac) residues located at a specific distance in its N-terminus, while being independent of surrounding amino-acid residues. Meningococcus triggers receptor signaling by exerting direct and hemodynamic-promoted traction forces on β2AR glycans. Similar activation is recapitulated with beads coated with Neu5Ac-binding lectins, submitted to mechanical stimulation. This previously unknown glycan-dependent mode of allosteric mechanical activation of a G protein-coupled receptor contributes to meningococcal species selectivity, since Neu5Ac is only abundant in humans due to the loss of CMAH, the enzyme converting Neu5Ac into N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid in other mammals. It represents an additional mechanism of evolutionary adaptation of a pathogen to its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Virion
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut-Necker-Enfants-Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Doly
- Inserm, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kusumika Saha
- Inserm, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Lambert
- Inserm, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Camille Bied
- Inserm, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca M Duke
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Blackrock, Co., Mount Merrion, Fosters Avenue, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Blackrock, Co., Mount Merrion, Fosters Avenue, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Robbe-Masselot
- CNRS, UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), Université Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Nassif
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut-Necker-Enfants-Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut-Necker-Enfants-Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Stefano Marullo
- Inserm, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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30
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Contribution of σ 70 and σ N Factors to Expression of Class II pilE in Neisseria meningitidis. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00170-19. [PMID: 31331980 PMCID: PMC6755734 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00170-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis expresses multicomponent organelles called type four pili (Tfp), which are key virulence factors required for attachment to human cells during carriage and disease. Pilin (PilE) is the main component of Tfp, and N. meningitidis isolates either have a class I pilE locus and express pilins that undergo antigenic variation or have a class II pilE locus and express invariant pilins. The transcriptional regulation of class I pilE has been studied in both N. meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, while the control of expression of class II pilE has been elucidated in the nonpathogenic species Neisseria elongata However, the factors that govern the regulation of the class II pilE gene in N. meningitidis are not known. In this work, we have bioinformatically and experimentally identified the class II pilE promoter. We confirmed the presence of conserved σ70 and σN-dependent promoters upstream of pilE in a collection of meningococcal genomes and demonstrated that class II pilE expression initiates from the σ70 family-dependent promoter. By deletion or overexpression of sigma factors, we showed that σN, σH, and σE do not affect class II pilin expression. These findings are consistent with a role of the housekeeping σD in expression of this important component of Tfp. Taken together, our data indicate that the σ-dependent network responsible for the expression of class II pilE has been selected to maintain pilE expression, consistent with the essential roles of Tfp in colonization and pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE The type four pilus (Tfp) of Neisseria meningitidis contributes to fundamental processes such as adhesion, transformation, and disease pathology. Meningococci express one of two distinct classes of Tfp (class I or class II), which can be distinguished antigenically or by the major subunit (pilE) locus and its genetic context. The factors that govern transcription of the class II pilE gene are not known, even though it is present in isolates that cause epidemic disease. Here we show that the transcription of class II pilE is maintained throughout growth and under different stress conditions and is driven by a σ70-dependent promoter. This is distinct from Tfp regulation in nonpathogenic Neisseria spp. and may confer an advantage during host-cell interaction and infection.
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31
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Membrane Dynamics in Health and Disease: Impact on Cellular Signalling. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:213-226. [PMID: 31435696 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes display a staggering complexity of lipids and proteins orchestrating cellular functions. Superior analytical tools coupled with numerous functional cellular screens have enabled us to query their role in cellular signalling, trafficking, guiding protein structure and function-all of which rely on the dynamic membrane lipid properties indispensable for proper cellular functions. Alteration of these has led to emergence of various pathological conditions, thus opening an area of lipid-centric therapeutic approaches. This perspective is a short summary of the dynamic properties of membranes essential for proper cellular functions, dictating both protein and lipid functions, and mis-regulated in diseases. Towards the end, we focus on some challenges lying ahead and potential means to tackle the same, mainly underscored by multi-disciplinary approaches.
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32
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Coureuil M, Jamet A, Bille E, Lécuyer H, Bourdoulous S, Nassif X. Molecular interactions between Neisseria meningitidis and its human host. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13063. [PMID: 31167044 PMCID: PMC6899865 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram‐negative bacterium that asymptomatically colonises the nasopharynx of humans. For an unknown reason, N. meningitidis can cross the nasopharyngeal barrier and invade the bloodstream where it becomes one of the most harmful extracellular bacterial pathogen. This infectious cycle involves the colonisation of two different environments. (a) In the nasopharynx, N. meningitidis grow on the top of mucus‐producing epithelial cells surrounded by a complex microbiota. To survive and grow in this challenging environment, the meningococcus expresses specific virulence factors such as polymorphic toxins and MDAΦ. (b) Meningococci have the ability to survive in the extra cellular fluids including blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The interaction of N. meningitidis with human endothelial cells leads to the formation of typical microcolonies that extend overtime and promote vascular injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and acute inflammation. In this review, we will focus on the interplay between N. meningitidis and these two different niches at the cellular and molecular level and discuss the use of inhibitors of piliation as a potent therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Coureuil
- Inserm, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, U1151, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR_S 1151, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Anne Jamet
- Inserm, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, U1151, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR_S 1151, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8253, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bille
- Inserm, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, U1151, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR_S 1151, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8253, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Lécuyer
- Inserm, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, U1151, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR_S 1151, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8253, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Bourdoulous
- Université de Paris, UMR_S 1151, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nassif
- Inserm, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, U1151, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR_S 1151, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8253, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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33
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Abstract
A wide variety of pathogens reach the circulatory system during viral, parasitic, fungal, and bacterial infections, causing clinically diverse pathologies. Such systemic infections are usually severe and frequently life-threatening despite intensive care, in particular during the age of antibiotic resistance. Because of its position at the interface between the blood and the rest of the organism, the endothelium plays a central role during these infections. Using several examples of systemic infections, we explore the diversity of interactions between pathogens and the endothelium. These examples reveal that bacterial pathogens target specific vascular beds and affect most aspects of endothelial cell biology, ranging from cellular junction stability to endothelial cell proliferation and inflammation.
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34
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Denis K, Le Bris M, Le Guennec L, Barnier JP, Faure C, Gouge A, Bouzinba-Ségard H, Jamet A, Euphrasie D, Durel B, Barois N, Pelissier P, Morand PC, Coureuil M, Lafont F, Join-Lambert O, Nassif X, Bourdoulous S. Targeting Type IV pili as an antivirulence strategy against invasive meningococcal disease. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:972-984. [PMID: 30911127 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial virulence factors are attractive targets for the development of therapeutics. Type IV pili, which are associated with a remarkable array of properties including motility, the interaction between bacteria and attachment to biotic and abiotic surfaces, represent particularly appealing virulence factor targets. Type IV pili are present in numerous bacterial species and are critical for their pathogenesis. In this study, we report that trifluoperazine and related phenothiazines block functions associated with Type IV pili in different bacterial pathogens, by affecting piliation within minutes. Using Neisseria meningitidis as a paradigm of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that require Type IV pili for pathogenesis, we show that piliation is sensitive to altered activity of the Na+ pumping NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Na+-NQR) complex and that these compounds probably altered the establishment of the sodium gradient. In vivo, these compounds exert a strong protective effect. They reduce meningococcal colonization of the human vessels and prevent subsequent vascular dysfunctions, intravascular coagulation and overwhelming inflammation, the hallmarks of invasive meningococcal infections. Finally, they reduce lethality. This work provides a proof of concept that compounds with activity against bacterial Type IV pili could beneficially participate in the treatment of infections caused by Type IV pilus-expressing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Denis
- U1016, Institut Cochin, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR8104, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marion Le Bris
- U1016, Institut Cochin, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR8104, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Loic Le Guennec
- U1016, Institut Cochin, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR8104, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Barnier
- U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR 8253, CNRS, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Camille Faure
- U1016, Institut Cochin, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR8104, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Gouge
- U1016, Institut Cochin, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR8104, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Haniaa Bouzinba-Ségard
- U1016, Institut Cochin, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR8104, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Jamet
- U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR 8253, CNRS, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Euphrasie
- U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR 8253, CNRS, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Beatrice Durel
- U1016, Institut Cochin, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR8104, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Barois
- Cellular Microbiology and Physics of Infection Group, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,UMR 8204, CNRS, Lille, France.,U1019, Inserm, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Pelissier
- Service de Chirurgie Reconstructrice et Plastique, Fondation Hôpital Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Philippe C Morand
- U1016, Institut Cochin, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR8104, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR 8253, CNRS, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Frank Lafont
- Cellular Microbiology and Physics of Infection Group, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,UMR 8204, CNRS, Lille, France.,U1019, Inserm, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Join-Lambert
- U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR 8253, CNRS, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nassif
- U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Inserm, Paris, France.,UMR 8253, CNRS, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Bourdoulous
- U1016, Institut Cochin, Inserm, Paris, France. .,UMR8104, CNRS, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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35
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Sigurlásdóttir S, Wassing GM, Zuo F, Arts M, Jonsson AB. Deletion of D-Lactate Dehydrogenase A in Neisseria meningitidis Promotes Biofilm Formation Through Increased Autolysis and Extracellular DNA Release. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:422. [PMID: 30891026 PMCID: PMC6411758 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram-negative bacterium that asymptomatically colonizes the human nasopharyngeal mucosa. Pilus-mediated initial adherence of N. meningitidis to the epithelial mucosa is followed by the formation of three-dimensional aggregates, called microcolonies. Dispersal from microcolonies contributes to the transmission of N. meningitidis across the epithelial mucosa. We have recently discovered that environmental concentrations of host cell-derived lactate influences N. meningitidis microcolony dispersal. Here, we examined the ability of N. meningitidis mutants deficient in lactate metabolism to form biofilms. A lactate dehydrogenease A (ldhA) mutant had an increased level of biofilm formation. Deletion of ldhA increased the N. meningitidis cell surface hydrophobicity and aggregation. In this study, we used FAM20, which belongs to clonal complex ST-11 that forms biofilms independently of extracellular DNA (eDNA). However, treatment with DNase I abolished the increased biofilm formation and aggregation of the ldhA-deficient mutant, suggesting a critical role for eDNA. Compared to wild-type, the ldhA-deficient mutant exhibited an increased autolytic rate, with significant increases in the eDNA concentrations in the culture supernatants and in biofilms. Within the ldhA mutant biofilm, the transcription levels of the capsule, pilus, and bacterial lysis genes were downregulated, while norB, which is associated with anaerobic respiration, was upregulated. These findings suggest that the absence of ldhA in N. meningitidis promotes biofilm formation and aggregation through autolysis-mediated DNA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sigurlásdóttir
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriela M Wassing
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fanglei Zuo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melanie Arts
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Beth Jonsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Lécuyer H, Nassif X, Coureuil M. [Meningococcus purpura fulminans, a partially solved mystery]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 34:1038-1041. [PMID: 30623761 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2018288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Lécuyer
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 14, rue M.H. Vieira Da Silva, CS61431, 75993 Paris, France - Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Service de Microbiologie clinique, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nassif
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 14, rue M.H. Vieira Da Silva, CS61431, 75993 Paris, France - Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Service de Microbiologie clinique, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 14, rue M.H. Vieira Da Silva, CS61431, 75993 Paris, France
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37
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Dutcher JR. Nanofibres induce remodelling of cell membranes. Nature 2018; 563:481-482. [PMID: 30459369 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-018-07261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Charles-Orszag A, Tsai FC, Bonazzi D, Manriquez V, Sachse M, Mallet A, Salles A, Melican K, Staneva R, Bertin A, Millien C, Goussard S, Lafaye P, Shorte S, Piel M, Krijnse-Locker J, Brochard-Wyart F, Bassereau P, Duménil G. Adhesion to nanofibers drives cell membrane remodeling through one-dimensional wetting. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4450. [PMID: 30361638 PMCID: PMC6202395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The shape of cellular membranes is highly regulated by a set of conserved mechanisms that can be manipulated by bacterial pathogens to infect cells. Remodeling of the plasma membrane of endothelial cells by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis is thought to be essential during the blood phase of meningococcal infection, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that plasma membrane remodeling occurs independently of F-actin, along meningococcal type IV pili fibers, by a physical mechanism that we term 'one-dimensional' membrane wetting. We provide a theoretical model that describes the physical basis of one-dimensional wetting and show that this mechanism occurs in model membranes interacting with nanofibers, and in human cells interacting with extracellular matrix meshworks. We propose one-dimensional wetting as a new general principle driving the interaction of cells with their environment at the nanoscale that is diverted by meningococci during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Charles-Orszag
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, 75005, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Daria Bonazzi
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Valeria Manriquez
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | | | | | | | - Keira Melican
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France.,Department of Neuroscience, Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Ralitza Staneva
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Aurélie Bertin
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, 75005, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | | | - Sylvie Goussard
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Pierre Lafaye
- Antibody Engineering, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | | | - Matthieu Piel
- Systems Biology of Cell Polarity and Cell Division, Institut Pierre-Gilles De Gennes, Paris, 75005, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | | | - Françoise Brochard-Wyart
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, 75005, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, 75005, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Guillaume Duménil
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France.
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39
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Sigurlásdóttir S, Saroj SD, Eriksson OS, Eriksson J, Jonsson AB. Quantification of Neisseria meningitidis Adherence to Human Epithelial Cells by Colony Counting. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2709. [PMID: 34179252 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To cause an infection, the human specific pathogen Neisseria meningitides must first colonize the nasopharynx. Upon tight interaction with the mucosal epithelium, N. meningitidis may cross the epithelial cellular barrier, reach the bloodstream and cause sepsis and/or meningitis. Since N. meningitidis niche is restricted to humans the availability of relevant animal models to study host-pathogen interactions are limiting. Therefore, most findings that involve N. meningitidis colonization derive from studies using cultured human cell lines. Human epithelial cells have been successfully used to examine and identify molecular effectors involved in initial adherence of the pathogen. Here, we describe a standard protocol to quantify the adherence of N. meningitidis to epithelial pharyngeal FaDu cells. Colony counts of cell lysates collected after infection are used to quantify adherence to the epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sigurlásdóttir
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sunil D Saroj
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olaspers Sara Eriksson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Eriksson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Beth Jonsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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40
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Pedersen RM, Grønnemose RB, Stærk K, Asferg CA, Andersen TB, Kolmos HJ, Møller-Jensen J, Andersen TE. A Method for Quantification of Epithelium Colonization Capacity by Pathogenic Bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:16. [PMID: 29450193 PMCID: PMC5799267 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most bacterial infections initiate at the mucosal epithelium lining the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts. At these sites, bacterial pathogens must adhere and increase in numbers to effectively breach the outer barrier and invade the host. If the bacterium succeeds in reaching the bloodstream, effective dissemination again requires that bacteria in the blood, reestablish contact to distant endothelium sites and form secondary site foci. The infectious potential of bacteria is therefore closely linked to their ability to adhere to, colonize, and invade epithelial and endothelial surfaces. Measurement of bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells is therefore standard procedure in studies of bacterial virulence. Traditionally, such measurements have been conducted with microtiter plate cell cultures to which bacteria are added, followed by washing procedures and final quantification of retained bacteria by agar plating. This approach is fast and straightforward, but yields only a rough estimate of the adhesive properties of the bacteria upon contact, and little information on the ability of the bacterium to colonize these surfaces under relevant physiological conditions. Here, we present a method in which epithelia/endothelia are simulated by flow chamber-grown human cell layers, and infection is induced by seeding of pathogenic bacteria on these surfaces under conditions that simulate the physiological microenvironment. Quantification of bacterial adhesion and colonization of the cell layers is then performed by in situ time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and automatic detection of bacterial surface coverage. The method is demonstrated in three different infection models, simulating Staphylococcus aureus endothelial infection and Escherichia coli intestinal- and uroepithelial infection. The approach yields valuable information on the fitness of the bacterium to successfully adhere to and colonize epithelial surfaces and can be used to evaluate the influence of specific virulence genes, growth conditions, and antimicrobial treatment on this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune M Pedersen
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rasmus B Grønnemose
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristian Stærk
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cecilie A Asferg
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thea B Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans J Kolmos
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Møller-Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Andersen
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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41
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Bille E, Meyer J, Jamet A, Euphrasie D, Barnier JP, Brissac T, Larsen A, Pelissier P, Nassif X. A virulence-associated filamentous bacteriophage of Neisseria meningitidis increases host-cell colonisation. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006495. [PMID: 28704569 PMCID: PMC5526601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a commensal of human nasopharynx. In some circumstances, this bacteria can invade the bloodstream and, after crossing the blood brain barrier, the meninges. A filamentous phage, designated MDAΦ for Meningococcal Disease Associated, has been associated with invasive disease. In this work we show that the prophage is not associated with a higher virulence during the bloodstream phase of the disease. However, looking at the interaction of N. meningitidis with epithelial cells, a step essential for colonization of the nasopharynx, we demonstrate that the presence of the prophage, via the production of viruses, increases colonization of encapsulated meningococci onto monolayers of epithelial cells. The analysis of the biomass covering the epithelial cells revealed that meningococci are bound to the apical surface of host cells by few layers of heavily piliated bacteria, whereas, in the upper layers, bacteria are non-piliated but surrounded by phage particles which (i) form bundles of filaments, and/or (ii) are in some places associated with bacteria. The latter are likely to correspond to growing bacteriophages during their extrusion through the outer membrane. These data suggest that, as the biomass increases, the loss of piliation in the upper layers of the biomass does not allow type IV pilus bacterial aggregation, but is compensated by a large production of phage particles that promote bacterial aggregation via the formation of bundles of phage filaments linked to the bacterial cell walls. We propose that MDAΦ by increasing bacterial colonization in the mucosa at the site-of-entry, increase the occurrence of diseases. Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses, which in some cases encode for virulence factors and increase bacterial virulence. Comparative genomic of several strains of Neisseria meningitidis, a major human pathogen, identified the presence of an 8kb prophage in strains belonging to invasive clonal complexes. The analysis of this filamentous bacteriophage, designated MDA for Meningococcal Disease Associated (MDAΦ) did not reveal any obvious virulence factors responsible for an increase invasiveness of strains carrying this prophage. Using our animal model mimicking the septicemic phase of the neisserial invasive diseases, we demonstrate that the presence of the MDAΦ is not associated with a higher virulence, but we show that the bacteriophage particles, by promoting bacteria-bacteria interactions, increase the biomass of bacteria colonizing a monolayer of epithelial cells. These data suggest that the increased invasiveness mediated by the MDAΦ bacteriophage is likely to be due to a better ability of the bacteria to colonize the nasopharyngeal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Bille
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Julie Meyer
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne Jamet
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Euphrasie
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Barnier
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Terry Brissac
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anna Larsen
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Pelissier
- Service de Chirurgie Reconstructrice et Plastique, Fondation Hôpital Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nassif
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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42
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Strength of Neisseria meningitidis binding to endothelial cells requires highly-ordered CD147/β 2-adrenoceptor clusters assembled by alpha-actinin-4. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15764. [PMID: 28569760 PMCID: PMC5461506 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) is an invasive bacterial pathogen that colonizes human vessels, causing thrombotic lesions and meningitis. Establishment of tight interactions with endothelial cells is crucial for meningococci to resist haemodynamic forces. Two endothelial receptors, CD147 and the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR), are sequentially engaged by meningococci to adhere and promote signalling events leading to vascular colonization, but their spatiotemporal coordination is unknown. Here we report that CD147 and β2AR form constitutive hetero-oligomeric complexes. The scaffolding protein α-actinin-4 directly binds to the cytosolic tail of CD147 and governs the assembly of CD147–β2AR complexes in highly ordered clusters at bacterial adhesion sites. This multimolecular assembly process increases the binding strength of meningococci to endothelial cells under shear stress, and creates molecular platforms for the elongation of membrane protrusions surrounding adherent bacteria. Thus, the specific organization of cellular receptors has major impacts on host–pathogen interaction. Neisseria meningitidis bacteria bind to host proteins CD147 and β2-adrenergic receptor on the surface of endothelial cells. Here, Maïssa et al. show that the two proteins interact with each other forming clusters that increase the binding strength of the bacteria to endothelial cells.
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43
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Ruch TR, Engel JN. Targeting the Mucosal Barrier: How Pathogens Modulate the Cellular Polarity Network. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a027953. [PMID: 28193722 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal barrier is composed of polarized epithelial cells with distinct apical and basolateral surfaces separated by tight junctions and serves as both a physical and immunological barrier to incoming pathogens. Specialized polarity proteins are critical for establishment and maintenance of polarity. Many human pathogens have evolved virulence mechanisms that target the polarity network to enhance binding, create replication niches, move through the barrier by transcytosis, or bypass the barrier by disrupting cell-cell junctions. This review summarizes recent advances and compares and contrasts how three important human pathogens that colonize mucosal surfaces, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, and Neisseria meningitidis, subvert the host cell polarization machinery during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis R Ruch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Joanne N Engel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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44
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Host cell-derived lactate functions as an effector molecule in Neisseria meningitidis microcolony dispersal. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006251. [PMID: 28384279 PMCID: PMC5383330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of meningococcal disease, caused by the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, is preceded by the colonization of the epithelial layer in the nasopharynx. After initial adhesion to host cells meningococci form aggregates, through pilus-pilus interactions, termed microcolonies from which the bacteria later detach. Dispersal from microcolonies enables access to new colonization sites and facilitates the crossing of the cell barrier; however, this process is poorly understood. In this study, we used live-cell imaging to investigate the process of N. meningitidis microcolony dispersal. We show that direct contact with host cells is not required for microcolony dispersal, instead accumulation of a host-derived effector molecule induces microcolony dispersal. By using a host-cell free approach, we demonstrated that lactate, secreted from host cells, initiate rapid dispersal of microcolonies. Interestingly, metabolic utilization of lactate by the bacteria was not required for induction of dispersal, suggesting that lactate plays a role as a signaling molecule. Furthermore, Neisseria gonorrhoeae microcolony dispersal could also be induced by lactate. These findings reveal a role of host-secreted lactate in microcolony dispersal and virulence of pathogenic Neisseria. The human restricted pathogen Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis worldwide. Colonization of the mucosal layer in the upper respiratory tract is essential to establish invasive disease. The initial interaction with host cells is characterized by bacterial proliferation and adhesion as aggregates, called microcolonies. Detachment from microcolonies in the nasopharyngeal epithelium facilitates crossing of the cell barrier that can result in invasive disease, yet this process is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that lactate, an abundant molecule in host mucosal environments, induces N. meningitidis microcolony dispersal. Interestingly, metabolic utilization of lactate by the bacteria was not required for the process, suggesting that lactate play a role as a signaling molecule in pathogenic Neisseria. We propose that the microcolony dispersal in pathogenic Neisseria is influenced by environmental concentrations of lactate. These findings will assist in better understanding the transition from asymptomatic carriage to invasive disease.
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A journey into the brain: insight into how bacterial pathogens cross blood-brain barriers. Nat Rev Microbiol 2017; 15:149-159. [PMID: 28090076 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier, which is one of the tightest barriers in the body, protects the brain from insults, such as infections. Indeed, only a few of the numerous blood-borne bacteria can cross the blood-brain barrier to cause meningitis. In this Review, we focus on invasive extracellular pathogens, such as Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli, to review the obstacles that bacteria have to overcome in order to invade the meninges from the bloodstream, and the specific skills they have developed to bypass the blood-brain barrier. The medical importance of understanding how these barriers can be circumvented is underlined by the fact that we need to improve drug delivery into the brain.
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Ebady R, Niddam AF, Boczula AE, Kim YR, Gupta N, Tang TT, Odisho T, Zhi H, Simmons CA, Skare JT, Moriarty TJ. Biomechanics of Borrelia burgdorferi Vascular Interactions. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2593-2604. [PMID: 27568563 PMCID: PMC5235898 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic dissemination of microbes is critical for progression of many infectious diseases and is associated with most mortality due to bacterial infection. The physical mechanisms mediating a key dissemination step, bacterial association with vascular endothelia in blood vessels, remain unknown. Here, we show that endothelial interactions of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi under physiological shear stress mechanistically resemble selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling. Specifically, these interactions are mediated by transfer of mechanical load along a series of adhesion complexes and are stabilized by tethers and catch bond properties of the bacterial adhesin BBK32. Furthermore, we found that the forces imposed on adhesive bonds under flow may be small enough to permit active migration driven by bacterial flagellar motors. These findings provide insight into the biomechanics of bacterial-vascular interactions and demonstrate that disseminating bacteria and circulating host immune cells share widely conserved mechanisms for interacting with endothelia under physiological shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhodaba Ebady
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Alexandra F Niddam
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Anna E Boczula
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Yae Ram Kim
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Nupur Gupta
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Tian Tian Tang
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Tanya Odisho
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Hui Zhi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 8447 State Highway 47, MREB #3107, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14(th) floor, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Jon T Skare
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 8447 State Highway 47, MREB #3107, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Tara J Moriarty
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, #241 Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Chen M, Gong H, Thamphiwatana S, Eckmann L, Gao W, Zhang L. A Bioadhesive Nanoparticle-Hydrogel Hybrid System for Localized Antimicrobial Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:18367-74. [PMID: 27352845 PMCID: PMC4983189 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Effective antibacterial treatment at the infection site associated with high shear forces remains challenging, owing largely to the lack of durably adhesive and safe delivery platforms that can enable localized antibiotic accumulation against bacterial colonization. Inspired by delivery systems mimicking marine mussels for adhesion, herein, we developed a bioadhesive nanoparticle-hydrogel hybrid (NP-gel) to enhance localized antimicrobial drug delivery. Antibiotics were loaded into polymeric nanoparticles and then embedded into a 3D hydrogel network that confers adhesion to biological surfaces. The combination of two distinct delivery platforms, namely, nanoparticles and hydrogel, allows the hydrogel network properties to be independently tailored for adhesion while maintaining controlled and prolonged antibiotic release profile from the nanoparticles. The bioadhesive NP-gel developed here showed superior adhesion and antibiotic retention under high shear stress on a bacterial film, a mammalian cell monolayer, and mouse skin tissue. Under a flow environment, the NP-gel inhibited the formation of an Escherichia coli bacterial film. When applied on mouse skin tissue for 7 consecutive days, the NP-gel did not generate any observable skin reaction or toxicity, implying its potential as a safe and effective local delivery platform against microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Maggie Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hua Gong
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Soracha Thamphiwatana
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Neisseria meningitidis Polynucleotide Phosphorylase Affects Aggregation, Adhesion, and Virulence. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1501-1513. [PMID: 26930706 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01463-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis autoaggregation is an important step during attachment to human cells. Aggregation is mediated by type IV pili and can be modulated by accessory pilus proteins, such as PilX, and posttranslational modifications of the major pilus subunit PilE. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of aggregation remain poorly characterized. Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) is a 3'-5' exonuclease that is involved in RNA turnover and the regulation of small RNAs. In this study, we biochemically confirm that NMC0710 is the N. meningitidis PNPase, and we characterize its role in N. meningitidis pathogenesis. We show that deletion of the gene encoding PNPase leads to hyperaggregation and increased adhesion to epithelial cells. The aggregation induced was found to be dependent on pili and to be mediated by excessive pilus bundling. PNPase expression was induced following bacterial attachment to human cells. Deletion of PNPase led to global transcriptional changes and the differential regulation of 469 genes. We also demonstrate that PNPase is required for full virulence in an in vivo model of N. meningitidis infection. The present study shows that PNPase negatively affects aggregation, adhesion, and virulence in N. meningitidis.
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Russo BC, Stamm LM, Raaben M, Kim CM, Kahoud E, Robinson LR, Bose S, Queiroz AL, Herrera BB, Baxt LA, Mor-Vaknin N, Fu Y, Molina G, Markovitz DM, Whelan SP, Goldberg MB. Intermediate filaments enable pathogen docking to trigger type 3 effector translocation. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16025. [PMID: 27572444 PMCID: PMC5006386 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) of bacterial pathogens translocate bacterial effector proteins that mediate disease into the eukaryotic cytosol. Effectors traverse the plasma membrane through a translocon pore formed by T3SS proteins. In a genome-wide selection, we identified the intermediate filament vimentin as required for infection by the T3SS-dependent pathogen S. flexneri. We found that vimentin is required for efficient T3SS translocation of effectors by S. flexneri and other pathogens that use T3SS, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Vimentin and the intestinal epithelial intermediate filament keratin 18 interact with the C-terminus of the Shigella translocon pore protein IpaC. Vimentin and its interaction with IpaC are dispensable for pore formation, but are required for stable docking of S. flexneri to cells; moreover, stable docking triggers effector secretion. These findings establish that stable docking of the bacterium specifically requires intermediate filaments, is a process distinct from pore formation, and is a prerequisite for effector secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Russo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luisa M. Stamm
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthijs Raaben
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caleb M. Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Emily Kahoud
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lindsey R. Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sayantan Bose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana L. Queiroz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bobby Brooke Herrera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leigh A. Baxt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nirit Mor-Vaknin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yang Fu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gabriel Molina
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David M. Markovitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean P. Whelan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcia B. Goldberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Charles-Orszag A, Lemichez E, Tran Van Nhieu G, Duménil G. Microbial pathogenesis meets biomechanics. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 38:31-7. [PMID: 26849533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introducing concepts from soft matter physics and mechanics has largely contributed to our understanding of a variety of biological processes. In this review, we argue that this holds true for bacterial pathogenesis. We base this argument on three examples of bacterial pathogens and their interaction with host cells during infection: (i) Shigella flexneri exploits actin-dependent forces to come into close contact with epithelial cells prior to invasion of the epithelium; (ii) Neisseria meningitidis manipulates endothelial cells to resist shear stress during vascular colonization; (iii) bacterial toxins take advantage of the biophysical properties of the host cell plasma membrane to generate transcellular macroapertures in the vascular wall. Together, these examples show that a multidisciplinary approach integrating physics and biology is more necessary than ever to understand complex infectious phenomena. Moreover, this avenue of research will allow the exploration of general processes in cell biology, highlighted by pathogens, in the context of other non-communicable human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Charles-Orszag
- Pathogenesis of vascular infections unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- INSERM, U1065, Microbial Toxins in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Centre Méditerranéen De Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, 151 Route St Antoine de Ginestière, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Guy Tran Van Nhieu
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7241, Paris, France; MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Duménil
- Pathogenesis of vascular infections unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
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