1
|
Teixeira IM, de Moraes Assumpção Y, Paletta ACC, Antunes M, da Silva IT, Jaeger LH, Ferreira RF, de Oliveira Ferreira E, de Araújo Penna B. Investigation on biofilm composition and virulence traits of S. pseudintermedius isolated from infected and colonized dogs. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2923-2936. [PMID: 38955982 PMCID: PMC11405647 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, which is part of the skin microbiome of dogs, causes a variety of opportunistic infections. These infections may become more difficult to treat due to the formation of biofilm. The capacity of S. pseudintermedius to form biofilm, as well as the associated genes, has not been elucidated. This study evaluated the production and composition of S. pseudintermedius biofilm. Samples were collected from both infected dogs and asymptomatic dogs. Isolates were identified using mass spectrometry and Multiplex-PCR. Biofilm production and composition were assessed using a quantitative microtiter plate assay. The presence of ica operon genes and sps genes was investigated using conventional PCR. The investigation of Agr type and virulence genes was conducted in silico on 24 sequenced samples. All strains could produce strong biofilms, with most of the isolates presenting a polysaccharide biofilm. 63.6% of the isolates carried the complete ica operon (ADBC). All samples showed the presence of the genes spsK, spsA, and spsL, while the distribution of other genes varied. Agr type III was the most prevalent (52.2%). All sequenced samples carried the cytotoxins hlb, luk-S, luk-F, as well as the exfoliative toxins siet and se_int. No isolate displayed other exfoliative toxins. Only LB1733 presented a set of different enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec_canine, seh, sek, sel, and seq). Our findings suggest that S. pseudintermedius is a strong producer of biofilm and carries virulence genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabel Mello Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Depto. Microbiologia Médica, IMPPG, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yasmim de Moraes Assumpção
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Cabral Paletta
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milena Antunes
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Depto. Microbiologia Médica, IMPPG, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabella Thomaz da Silva
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lauren Hubert Jaeger
- Laboratório de Células-Tronco e Parasitologia Molecular, Depto. de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFJF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Fernandes Ferreira
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Vassouras - Diagnóstico em medicina veterinária - Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno de Araújo Penna
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Farag HS, Ali ME, Abdel Masseih ES, Bakry NM. Diagnostic ultrasonography and antimicrobial resistance of different pathogens associated with canine and feline lower urinary tract disorders. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 112:102216. [PMID: 39033672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
There is a significant issue concerning the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria within companion animals. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common problem in veterinary medicine for which empirical antibiotics are utilized. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance of different uropathogens associated with UTIs in canine and feline cases. A total of 146 dogs and 162 cats suffered from lower urinary tract disorders were subjected to ultrasonographic and microbiological examination. Cystitis, urinary sediment, and cystic calculi are the most common ultrasonographic abnormalities associated with bacterial UTIs. Bacterial UTIs were obtained in 36.98 % and 25.92 % of cases in dogs and cats, respectively. A low rate of mixed infection was detected in canine cases (3.7 %). E. coli was the most prevalent pathogen isolated from 46.4 % and 66.7 % of canine and feline isolates, respectively followed by Proteus spp. in canine isolates (16.1 %) and Klebsiella spp. in feline isolates (14.3 %). Staphylococcus spp. was isolated from canine cases only with the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains at 3.6 %. The majority of the isolated strains were resistant to various antibiotic classes, particularly β-lactams. All gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to amikacin, whereas gram-positive strains exhibited 100 % sensitivity to nitrofurantoin and linezolid. Different bacterial species displayed low resistance to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. Multi-drug resistance was reported in canine and feline strains at 64.3 % and 54.8 %, respectively. These findings prove the crucial necessity to restrict antibiotic consumption depending on urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Farag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - M E Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - E S Abdel Masseih
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - N M Bakry
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feuer L, Frenzer SK, Merle R, Bäumer W, Lübke-Becker A, Klein B, Bartel A. Comparative Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Prevalence and Resistance Patterns in Canine and Feline Clinical Samples: Insights from a Three-Year Study in Germany. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:660. [PMID: 39061342 PMCID: PMC11273960 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) presents a significant public health concern globally, particularly within veterinary medicine. MRSP's resistance to multiple antibiotics is limiting treatment options and potentially leading to severe infections in companion animals. This study aimed to understand antimicrobial resistance in dogs and cats, focusing on MRSP resistance patterns and its prevalence in Germany. We analyzed results of bacterial diagnostic samples from canines and felines, sourced from a German veterinary diagnostic microbiology laboratory between 2019 and 2021. This dataset included samples from 3491 veterinary practices, covering 33.1% of veterinary practices and clinics in Germany. MRSP rates were detailed by host species, sample types and co-resistance patterns. Analysis of 175,171 bacterial examination results revealed S. pseudintermedius in 44,880 samples, yielding a 25.6% isolation rate. S. pseudintermedius was more prevalent in dogs (35.0%) than cats (3.6%). Methicillin resistance was found in 7.5% of all S. pseudintermedius isolates. MRSP prevalence was higher in feline samples (16.1%, 95% CI 14.4-17.8) compared to canine samples (7.1%, 95% CI 6.8-7.0). S. pseudintermedius showed high resistance rates to ampicillin (cats: 48.6%, dogs: 67.6%) and clindamycin (cats: 37.2%, dogs: 32.7%), while MRSP exhibited high co-resistance to clindamycin (cats: 82.8%, dogs: 85.4%) and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (cats: 66.4%, dogs: 66.2%). Our study revealed distinct resistance patterns of MRSP in cats compared to dogs, highlighting the need for tailored treatment approaches and the importance of antimicrobial resistance surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Feuer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (L.F.); (W.B.)
| | - Stefanie Katharina Frenzer
- Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.K.F.); (R.M.); (A.B.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.K.F.); (R.M.); (A.B.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bäumer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (L.F.); (W.B.)
| | - Antina Lübke-Becker
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Babette Klein
- LABOKLIN GmbH und Co. KG, Steubenstraße 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany;
| | - Alexander Bartel
- Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.K.F.); (R.M.); (A.B.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Robb AR, Ure R, Chaput DL, Foster G. Emergence of novel methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius lineages revealed by whole genome sequencing of isolates from companion animals and humans in Scotland. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305211. [PMID: 38968222 PMCID: PMC11226068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen in dogs, and infection in humans is increasingly found, often linked to contact with dogs. We conducted a retrospective genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing study of 406 S. pseudintermedius isolates cultured from animals (dogs, cats and an otter) and humans across Scotland, from 2007 to 2020. Seventy-five sequence types (STs) were identified, among the 130 isolates genotyped, with 59 seen only once. We observed the emergence of two methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) clones in Scotland: ST726, a novel locally-evolving clone, and ST551, first reported in 2015 in Poland, possibly linked to animal importation to Scotland from Central Europe. While ST71 was the most frequent S. pseudintermedius strain detected, other lineages that have been replacing ST71 in other countries, in addition to ST551, were detected. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 96.4% of MRSP and 8.4% of MSSP. A single MRSP isolate was resistant to mupirocin. Continuous surveillance for the emergence and dissemination of novel MDR MRSP in animals and humans and changes in antimicrobial susceptibility in S. pseudintermedius is warranted to minimise the threat to animal and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Robb
- Scottish Microbiology Reference Laboratories, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Roisin Ure
- Scottish Microbiology Reference Laboratories, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Lodovico S, Petrini M, Di Fermo P, De Pasquale V, De Martino L, D'Ercole S, Nocera FP, Di Giulio M. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm (LCWB): a suitable dual-species model for in vitro studies. Microbes Infect 2024:105384. [PMID: 38944110 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius associated with canine wounds represents an important challenge. The aim of this study was to create a canine wound infection model, Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm (LCWB), with a focus on S. pseudintermedius, drawing inspiration from the established human model involving Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius 115 (MRSP) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 700 strains, isolated from dog wounds, were used to set up the LCWB at 24, 48 and 72 h. The LCWBs were evaluated in terms of volume, weight, and microbial CFU/mg. The microbial spatial distribution in the LCWBs was assessed by SEM and CLSM imaging. The best incubation time for the LCWB production in terms of volume (3.38 cm3 ± 0.13), weight (0.86 gr ± 0.02) and CFU/mg (up to 7.05 × 106 CFU/mg ± 2.89 × 105) was 48 h. The SEM and CLSM images showed a major viable microbial colonization at 48 h with non-mixed bacteria with a prevalence of MRSP on the surface and P. aeruginosa 700 in the depth of the wound. The obtained findings demonstrate the capability of S. pseudintermedius to grow together P. aeruginosa in the LCWB model, representing the suitable model to reproduce the animal chronic wound in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Lodovico
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Di Fermo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa De Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta D'Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Paola Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aurori M, Novac CȘ, Nadăș GC, Crăciun S, Fiţ N, Andrei S. The Antimicrobial Effect of Cornus mas L. and Sorbus aucuparia L. Fruit Extracts against Resistant Uropathogens in Correlation with the Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections in Companion Animals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:814. [PMID: 38931481 PMCID: PMC11206431 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a widespread condition in pets, with many antibiotics being prescribed, contributing to the rise in antimicrobial resistance, which is a worldwide threat. This study's main objective was to analyze the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Cornus mas and Sorbus aucuparia fruit hydro-ethanolic extracts towards bacteria identified in the urine of companion animals experiencing UTIs. Urine samples were collected from dogs and cats (n = 83; 47 negative, 36 positive); several bacterial strains were identified (n = 49) belonging to the Escherichia, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Leclercia, and Kocuria genera. Bacterial susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method, with the majority being resistant to several beta-lactams, quinolones, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and nitrofurantoin. Subsequently, 13 resistant isolates were selected to evaluate the fruits extracts' antimicrobial potential using the agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Cornus mas exhibited the greatest activity against Gram-negatives (primarily Pseudomonas luteola), while Sorbus aucuparia showed maximum effects towards Gram-positives (particularly Enterococcus faecalis). The MIC was 0.01 μg/μL for both extracts; the MBC was 0.08 μg/μL for Cornus mas and 0.05 μg/μL for Sorbus aucuparia. However, Cornus mas showed a stronger bactericidal effect. This is the first study to investigate these fruit extracts in UTI isolates of companion animals, and these extracts might be used as substitutes or adjuvants for antibiotics, thus contributing to a reduction in antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Aurori
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristiana Ștefania Novac
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.Ș.N.); (G.C.N.); (S.C.); (N.F.)
| | - George Cosmin Nadăș
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.Ș.N.); (G.C.N.); (S.C.); (N.F.)
| | - Smaranda Crăciun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.Ș.N.); (G.C.N.); (S.C.); (N.F.)
| | - Nicodim Fiţ
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.Ș.N.); (G.C.N.); (S.C.); (N.F.)
| | - Sanda Andrei
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
MacFadyen AC, Paterson GK. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius encoded within novel staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) variants. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:1303-1308. [PMID: 38564255 PMCID: PMC11144489 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a common opportunistic pathogen of companion dogs and an occasional human pathogen. Treatment is hampered by antimicrobial resistance including methicillin resistance encoded by mecA within the mobile genetic element SCCmec. OBJECTIVES SCCmec elements are diverse, especially in non-Staphyloccocus aureus staphylococci, and novel variants are likely to be present in S. pseudintermedius. The aim was to characterize the SCCmec elements found in four canine clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius. MATERIAL AND METHODS Isolates were whole-genome sequenced and SCCmec elements were assembled, annotated and compared to known SCCmec types. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Two novel SSCmec are present in these isolates. SCCmec7017-61515 is characterized by a novel combination of a Class A mec gene complex and a type 5 ccr previously only described in composite SCCmec elements. The other three isolates share a novel composite SCCmec with features of SCCmec types IV and VI. CONCLUSIONS S. pseudintermedius is a reservoir of novel SSCmec elements that has implications for understanding antimicrobial resistant in veterinary and human medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C MacFadyen
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - G K Paterson
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hahaj-Siembida A, Nowakiewicz A, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, Szecówka K, Trościańczyk A, Zięba P, Kania MG. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as a specific and underappreciated reservoir of resistant and virulent coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. strains. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105111. [PMID: 38113638 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the presence of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus in swabs collected from red foxes and to characterize the drug resistance and virulence of these bacteria. In total, 415 rectal and oral swabs were collected, and coagulase-positive strains of S. pseudintermedius (n = 104) and S. aureus (n = 27) were identified using multiplex-PCR and MALDI TOF MS. Subsequent analyses showed the highest phenotypic resistance of the strains to penicillin (16.8%) and tetracycline (30.5%) confirmed by the presence of the blaZ, tetM, and tetK genes. Slightly lower resistance to erythromycin (6.9%), clindamycin (9.2%), gentamicin, streptogramins, rifampicin, nitrofurantoin, and sulphamethoxazol/trimetophrim was exhibited by single strains. Several virulence genes in a few different combinations were detected in S. aureus; LukE-LukD, and seB were the most frequent genes (37%), LukE-LukD, seB, and seC were detected in 11% of the strains, and PVL, etA, etB, and tst genes were present in two or single strains. The results of our research have confirmed that the red fox is an underestimated reservoir of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus strains, with approximately 50% of carriers of at least one resistance gene. In turn, 88.8% of the S. aureus strains had one or more virulence genes; therefore, this species of wildlife animals should be monitored as part of epidemiological surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Hahaj-Siembida
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Korzeniowska-Kowal
- Polish Collection of Microorganisms (PCM), Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Kamila Szecówka
- Polish Collection of Microorganisms (PCM), Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Greguła Kania
- Department of Animal Breeding and Agricultural Advisory, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guimarães L, Teixeira IM, da Silva IT, Antunes M, Pesset C, Fonseca C, Santos AL, Côrtes MF, Penna B. Epidemiologic case investigation on the zoonotic transmission of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius among dogs and their owners. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16 Suppl 1:183-189. [PMID: 37973497 PMCID: PMC10663588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs often carry methicillin-resistant Staphylococci asymptomatically. These bacteria are frequently linked to conditions such as canine pyoderma and otitis. Close interaction between dogs and humans can facilitate the exchange of resistant strains, particularly Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP). This represents a public health issue, since these strains, in addition to occasionally causing infections in humans, can also serve as a source of resistance and virulence genes for strains of greater importance in human medicine, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, MRSP strains are often multidrug resistant, which ends up compromising the treatment of infections. This study aimed to assess the potential transmission of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius among dogs and their owners. We examined a total of one hundred canine samples collected from cases of pyoderma and otitis to detect the presence of staphylococci. Simultaneously, we conducted evaluations on all dog owners. Staphylococci strains were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and PCR targeting the nuc gene. Methicillin resistance screening was also performed by detecting the mecA gene using PCR. Among the sampled dogs, 64 carried S. pseudintermedius. Nine were identified as MRSP. In six instances, dogs and their owners exhibited S. pseudintermedius. These samples underwent genome sequencing and were screened for antimicrobial resistance genes, SCCmec typing, MLST characterization, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) analyses. The results of the phylogenetic analysis revealed that in three cases, dogs and owners had closely related isolates, suggesting interspecies transmission. Two of these cases involved MRSP and one MSSP. Moreover, in the two MRSP cases, the same SCCmec type (type V) was detected. Additionally, the sequence type was consistent across all three cases involving dogs and owners (MSSP ST2277, MRSP ST2282, and ST2286). These findings strongly indicate a transmission event. Since Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is primarily isolated from canine samples, it is plausible that dogs may have acted as a potential source. In the remaining three cases, despite identifying the same species in both samples, they had notable phylogenetic differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Guimarães
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Brazil
| | - Izabel Mello Teixeira
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil; Graduate Program in Microbiology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Isabella Thomaz da Silva
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Brazil
| | - Milena Antunes
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil; Graduate Program in Microbiology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Camilla Pesset
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil
| | - Carolina Fonseca
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Santos
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil
| | - Marina Farrel Côrtes
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica LIM49, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, USP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Penna
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Teixeira IM, de Moraes Assumpção Y, Paletta ACC, Aguiar L, Guimarães L, da Silva IT, Côrtes MF, Botelho AMN, Jaeger LH, Ferreira RF, de Oliveira Ferreira E, Penna B. Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic diversity among Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs in Rio de Janeiro. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20219. [PMID: 37980395 PMCID: PMC10657392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen causing a variety of infections that are difficult to treat, especially because of the development of antimicrobial resistance. It has a clonal distribution around the world. To have a better understanding of the MRSP population, we search the presence of MRSP in colonized or infected dogs. Samples from 99 dogs with infections and 35 from asymptomatic dogs were collected. Isolates were identified by mass spectrometry and Multiplex-PCR. The mecA gene was confirmed by conventional PCR. MRSP strains were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. 75 S. pseudintermedius were identified, most from infection cases. The species were isolated from 70 out of the 135 dogs. Penicillin and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole presented higher resistance rates. Forty-seven strains were classified as multi-drug resistant (MDR), and were more isolated from dogs with infection (P < 0.05). Eighteen samples were classified as MRSP, representing 24.0% of the population. Six of 16 MRSP sequenced samples belonged to the world spread clone ST71; others belonged to unknown clones. Most samples carried the SCCmec type IIIA. Twenty-one different genetic resistance determinants were found among MRPS strains. MRSP is circulating among infected and colonized dogs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabel Mello Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Departamento Microbiologia Médica, IMPPG, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yasmim de Moraes Assumpção
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Departamento Microbiologia Médica, IMPPG, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Cabral Paletta
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Louise Aguiar
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Guimarães
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabella Thomaz da Silva
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marina F Côrtes
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Nunes Botelho
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lauren Hubert Jaeger
- Laboratório de Células-Tronco e Parasitologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane de Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Departamento Microbiologia Médica, IMPPG, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Penna
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sawhney SS, Vargas RC, Wallace MA, Muenks CE, Lubbers BV, Fritz SA, Burnham CAD, Dantas G. Diagnostic and commensal Staphylococcus pseudintermedius genomes reveal niche adaptation through parallel selection of defense mechanisms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7065. [PMID: 37923729 PMCID: PMC10624692 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is historically understood as a prevalent commensal and pathogen of dogs, though modern clinical diagnostics reveal an expanded host-range that includes humans. It remains unclear whether differentiation across S. pseudintermedius populations is driven primarily by niche-type or host-species. We sequenced 501 diagnostic and commensal isolates from a hospital, veterinary diagnostic laboratory, and within households in the American Midwest, and performed a comparative genomics investigation contrasting human diagnostic, animal diagnostic, human colonizing, pet colonizing, and household-surface S. pseudintermedius isolates. Though indistinguishable by core and accessory gene architecture, diagnostic isolates harbor more encoded and phenotypic resistance, whereas colonizing and surface isolates harbor similar CRISPR defense systems likely reflective of common household phage exposures. Furthermore, household isolates that persist through anti-staphylococcal decolonization report elevated rates of base-changing mutations in - and parallel evolution of - defense genes, as well as reductions in oxacillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole susceptibility. Together we report parallel niche-specific bolstering of S. pseudintermedius defense mechanisms through gene acquisition or mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjam S Sawhney
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rhiannon C Vargas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meghan A Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carol E Muenks
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian V Lubbers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stephanie A Fritz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carey-Ann D Burnham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Gautam Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
LaRocca MC, Dermarkarian CR, Ediriwickrema LS, Tao JP. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius of a semicircular facial flap with concomitant COVID-19 infection. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 58:e221-e223. [PMID: 37084768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan C LaRocca
- University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA.
| | | | - Lilangi S Ediriwickrema
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA
| | - Jeremiah P Tao
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Phophi L, Abouelkhair MA, Jones R, Zehr J, Kania SA. Temporal changes in antibiotic resistance and population structure of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius between 2010 and 2021 in the United States. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 100:102028. [PMID: 37517211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a phenotypic and molecular epidemiological survey to determine temporal changes in the antimicrobial resistance and population structure of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in the United States. Samples from 200 S. pseudintermedius isolates were obtained from veterinary diagnostic facilities located in geographic regions sampled approximately ten years ago and compared to samples obtained in 2021. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. geoBURST analysis and MrBayes were used to infer relationships of isolates using MLST data. Almost all MRSP isolates (98%) in 2021 were multidrug-resistant with 21% of these isolates resistant to more than 16 antimicrobials. In 2010, 190 S. pseudintermedius isolates were collected and 141 of them were MRSP. From 2010-2021 there was a significant increase in resistance observed to all antibiotics tested except cephalothin and sulfonamides. Whereas ten years previously multilocus sequence types (ST) ST68 (35.7%), ST71 (10%), and ST84 (17.4%) predominated, these strains have been supplanted by other STs, notably ST45 (n = 14), ST155 (n = 9), ST181 (n = 13), ST496 (n = 9) and ST551 (n = 9). The newly prevalent STs are distantly related to ST68, ST71 and ST84 and most likely do not share any recent common ancestors. The population structure of MRSP is far more elastic than expected with new, highly resistant strains replacing the ones that predominated in the United States a decade ago. Antibiotic use may play a role in selection; however, the strains that were replaced were also multidrug-resistant and other factors are likely involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lufuno Phophi
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Mohamed A Abouelkhair
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Rebekah Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jordan Zehr
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, 1925 N. 12 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Stephen A Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Phophi L, Abouelkhair M, Jones R, Henton M, Qekwana DN, Kania SA. The molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius canine clinical isolates submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in South Africa. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290645. [PMID: 37647319 PMCID: PMC10468042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an important cause of clinical infections in small-animal-veterinary medicine. Evolutionary changes of strains using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) have been observed among S. pseudintermedius in European countries and the United States. However, there are limited or no studies on the detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and predominating MLST strains in South Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the molecular epidemiology of S. pseudintermedius in South Africa. Twenty-six, non-duplicate, clinical isolates from dogs were obtained as convenience samples from four provinces in South Africa. The Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. We used Resfinder and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) to detect antimicrobial resistance genes. Virulence genes were identified using the virulence factor database and Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTN) on Geneious prime. geoBURST analysis was used to study relationships between MLST. Finally, the maximum likelihood phylogeny was determined using Randomized Axelerated Maximum Likelihood (RAxML). Twenty-three isolates were confirmed as S. pseudintermedius of which 14 were MRSP. In addition to β-lactam antimicrobials, MRSP isolates were resistant to tetracycline (85.7%), doxycycline (92.8%), kanamycin (92.8%), and gentamicin (85.7%). The isolates harbored antimicrobial resistance genes (tetM, ermB, drfG, cat, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(6)-Ia, and aph(3')-III) and virulence genes (AdsA, geh, icaA, and lip). MLST analysis showed that ST2228, ST2229, ST2230, ST2231, ST2232, ST2318, ST2326 and ST2327 are unique sequence types in South Africa. Whereas, previously reported major STs including ST45, ST71, ST181, ST551 and ST496 were also detected. The geoBURST and phylogenetic analysis suggests that the isolates in South Africa are likely genetically related to isolates identified in other countries. Highly resistant MRSP strains (ST496, ST71, and ST45) were reported that could present challenges in the treatment of canine infections in South Africa. Hence, we have gained a better understanding of the epidemiology of MRSP in the African continent, the genes involved in resistance and virulence factors associated with these organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lufuno Phophi
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Abouelkhair
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Rebekah Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Maryke Henton
- Vetdiagnostix Veterinary Pathology Services, Midrand, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Daniel N. Qekwana
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Stephen A. Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Discepolo D, Kelley R, Watson A, Perry E. Impacts to canine dermal microbiota associated with repeated bathing. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1204159. [PMID: 37621867 PMCID: PMC10446845 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1204159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Working dogs routinely operate in environmental conditions which may necessitate daily bathing to remove contaminants or soilage. The impacts of frequent or repeated bathing on the canine dermal microbiota are unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize changes in canine dermal microbial populations following repeated daily bathing. Methods Labrador retrievers (n = 16) were bathed daily using a dilute dish detergent solution (1.6% detergent solution) over the course of 14 days. Dermal microbial DNA was collected via sterile swabs (n = 142) taken at days 0, 7, 14, 16, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 and analyzed for alpha diversity, beta diversity and relative abundance to assess changes in the dermal microbiota via 16 s sequencing. Results Results indicate that daily bathing significantly increased Shannon diversity, Chao1, and several rare amplicon sequence variants. Although typically reported in highest abundance, relative abundance was decreased in the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria (p < 0.05). Conclusion Repeated daily bathing with dilute dish detergent significantly reduced normal healthy dermal microbial taxa and created significant changes in the dermal microbiota of canines. Disruption to the canine dermal microbiota may cause negative impacts to canine dermal health and require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Discepolo
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Russell Kelley
- Royal Canin USA, Pet Heath Nutrition Center, Lewisburg, OH, United States
| | - Adrian Watson
- Royal Canin USA, Pet Heath Nutrition Center, Lewisburg, OH, United States
| | - Erin Perry
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nocera FP, Pizzano F, Masullo A, Cortese L, De Martino L. Antimicrobial Resistant Staphylococcus Species Colonization in Dogs, Their Owners, and Veterinary Staff of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Naples, Italy. Pathogens 2023; 12:1016. [PMID: 37623976 PMCID: PMC10457731 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify Staphylococcus species isolated from nasal swabs of both healthy and diseased dogs, and those of human origin, obtained from nasal swabs of both owners and veterinary staff. Firstly, pet owners were requested to complete a questionnaire relating to the care and relationship with their pets, whose results mainly showed a statistically significant higher frequency of hand washing in diseased dogs' owners than in healthy dogs' owners. Canine nasal swabs were obtained from 43 diseased dogs and 28 healthy dogs, while human nasal swabs were collected from the respective dogs' owners (71 samples) and veterinary staff (34 samples). The isolation and identification of Staphylococcus spp. were followed by disk diffusion method to define the antimicrobial resistance profiles against 18 different molecules. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most frequent isolated strain in both diseased (33.3%) and healthy (46.1%) dogs. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequent isolated bacterium in diseased dogs' owners (66.6%), while in nasal samples of healthy dogs' owners, the same frequency of isolation (38.4%) was observed for both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. All the isolated strains showed good susceptibility levels to the tested antimicrobials; however, the carriage of oxacillin-resistant strains was significantly higher in diseased dogs than in healthy ones (71% and 7.7%, respectively). Only in three cases the presence of the same bacterial species with similar antimicrobial resistance profiles in dogs and their owners was detected, suggesting the potential bacterial transmission. In conclusion, this study suggests potential transmission risk of staphylococci from dogs to humans or vice versa, and highlights that the clinical relevance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius transmission from dog to human should not be underestimated, as well as the role of Staphylococcus aureus from human to dog transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paola Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pizzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Masullo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa De Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80137 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Khongsri U, Chongrattanameteekul P, Chantarachart S, Photichai K, Chanayat N, Varinrak T, Mektrirat R, Srifawattana N. Comparative Susceptibility of Pathogenic Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius to Empirical Cotrimazole for Canine Pyoderma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051210. [PMID: 37240855 DOI: 10.3390/life13051210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) that causes pyoderma has been gradually shifting, according to many surveillance studies, with annual changes. The empirical cotrimazole regimen remains interesting, but research on cotrimazole susceptibility to MRSP is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of cotrimazole to canine pyoderma MRSP isolates. Sixty isolates of S. pseudintermedius were identified as 16 MRSP and 44 methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) using an oxacillin disk diffusion test and VITEK 2 system with VITEK GP card. Using the VITEK 2 system with a VITEK AST-GP81 card, the susceptibility rates of MRSP (15.00%) and MSSP (35.00%) to cotrimazole was observed. The median MIC of cotrimazole on MSSP (median, ≤10; IQR, 10-320) was lower than that of MRSP (median, ≥320; IQR, 10-320) (p = 0.5889, Mann-Whitney test). Percent attainment of PK/PD targets in MRSP (q 12 h, 43.75; q 8 h, 43.75) were lower than that of MSSP (q 12 h, 52.27; q 8 h, 52.27) (p = 0.7710). These findings show the moderately phenotypic cotrimazole susceptibilities of both MRSP and MSSP. Further study is required to develop clinical trials examining the use of cotrimazole in dogs with pyoderma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usasom Khongsri
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Peerawit Chongrattanameteekul
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Sineenart Chantarachart
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kornravee Photichai
- Center of Veterinary Diagnosis and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Chanayat
- Center of Veterinary Diagnosis and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Thanya Varinrak
- Center of Veterinary Diagnosis and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Epidemiological and Innovative Research Group for Infectious Diseases, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nuttawan Srifawattana
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rodrigues IC, Ribeiro-Almeida M, Ribeiro J, Silveira L, Prata JC, Pista A, Martins da Costa P. Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Resulting from the Selective Pressure of Antibiotics: A Comprehensive Analysis of ESBL K. pneumoniae and MRSP Isolated in a Dog with Rhinorrhea. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050326. [PMID: 37235409 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of public health concerns, much greater scrutiny is now placed on antibiotic use in pets, especially for antimicrobial agents that have human analogs. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic profiles of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from nasal swabs samples taken from a one-year-old male Serra da Estrela dog with rhinorrhea that was treated with amikacin. An extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated in the first sample taken from the left nasal cavity of the dog. Seven days later, methicillin-resistant (MRSP) Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was also isolated. Nevertheless, no alterations to the therapeutic protocol were performed. Once the inhibitory action of the antibiotic disappeared, the competitive advantage of the amikacin-resistant MRSP was lost, and only commensal flora was observed on both nasal cavities. The genotypic profile of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae revealed the same characteristics and close relation to other strains, mainly from Estonia, Slovakia and Romania. Regarding MRSP isolates, although resistance to aminoglycosides was present in the first MRSP, the second isolate carried aac(6')-aph(2″), which enhanced its resistance to amikacin. However, the veterinary action was focused on the treatment of the primary agent (ESBL K. pneumoniae), and the antibiotic applied was according to its phenotypic profile, which may have led to the resolution of the infectious process. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of targeted therapy, proper clinical practice and laboratory-hospital communication to safeguard animal, human and environmental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês C Rodrigues
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Marisa Ribeiro-Almeida
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ribeiro
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor Silveira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-609 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana C Prata
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Angela Pista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-609 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moses IB, Santos FF, Gales AC. Human Colonization and Infection by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: An Emerging and Underestimated Zoonotic Pathogen. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030581. [PMID: 36985155 PMCID: PMC10057476 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
S. pseudintermedius is a known resident of the skin and mucous membranes and a constituent of the normal microbiota of dogs. It has also been recognized as an opportunistic and zoonotic pathogen that is able to colonize humans and cause severe diseases, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Most importantly, methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), which is intrinsically multidrug-resistant, has emerged with serious public health consequences. The epidemiological situation is further exacerbated with reports of its zoonotic transmission and human infections which have been mostly attributed to the increasing frequency of dog ownership and close contact between dogs and humans. Evidence on the zoonotic transmission of MRSP from pet dogs to humans (such as dog owners, small-animal veterinarians, and other people in close proximity to dogs) is limited, especially due to the misidentification of S. pseudintermedius as S. aureus. Despite this fact, reports on the increasing emergence and spread of MRSP in humans have been increasing steadily over the years since its first documented report in 2006 in Belgium. The emergence of MRSP strains has further compromised treatment outcomes in both veterinary and human medicine as these strains are resistant to beta-lactam antimicrobials usually prescribed as first line treatment. Frustratingly, the limited awareness and surveillance of the zoonotic transmission of S. pseudintermedius have underestimated their extent of transmission, prevalence, epidemiology, and public health significance. In order to fill this gap of information, this review focused on detailed reports on zoonotic transmission, human colonization, and infections by S. pseudintermedius, their pathogenic features, antimicrobial resistance profiles, epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment. In writing this review, we searched Web of Science, PubMed, and SCOPUS databases using the keyword “Staphylococcus pseudintermedius AND humans”. A phylogenetic tree to determine the genetic relatedness/diversity of publicly available genomes of S. pseudintermedius was also constructed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo–UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki PMB 053, Nigeria
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo–UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gales
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo–UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fàbregas N, Pérez D, Viñes J, Cuscó A, Migura-García L, Ferrer L, Francino O. Diverse Populations of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Colonize the Skin of Healthy Dogs. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0339322. [PMID: 36786649 PMCID: PMC10100665 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03393-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a commensal bacterium of the canine skin but is also a key opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for most cases of pyoderma in dogs. The current paradigm indicates that infection arises when predisposing factors alter the healthy skin barrier. Despite their importance, the characteristics of the S. pseudintermedius populations colonizing the skin of healthy dogs are yet largely unknown. Here, we retrieved 67 complete circular genomes and 19 associated plasmids from S. pseudintermedius isolated from the skin of 9 healthy dogs via long-reads Nanopore sequencing. Within the S. pseudintermedius populations isolated from healthy skin, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) detected 10 different STs, distributed mainly by the host. 39% of the 18 representative genomes isolated herein were methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), and they showed, on average, a higher number of antibiotic resistance genes and prophages than did the methicillin-sensitive (MSSP). In summary, our results revealed that the S. pseudintermedius populations inhabiting the skin of healthy dogs are relatively diverse and heterogeneous in terms of MLST and methicillin resistance. In this study, all of the 67 commensal S. pseudintermedius populations that were isolated from healthy dogs contained antibiotic resistance genes, indicating the extent and severity of the problem of antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci with zoonotic potential. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a commensal canine bacterium that can become an opportunistic pathogen and is responsible for most cases of canine pyoderma. It can also cause occasional zoonotic infections. Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus are a global concern. Skin commensal Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is understudied. To provide insight into the commensal strains circulating in healthy dogs, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 67 S. pseudintermedius isolates from different skin sites in 9 healthy dogs. Through the bioinformatic analysis of these genomes, we identified a genomic diversity that is more complete than those afforded by traditional molecular typing strategies. We identified 7 new STs. All of the isolates harbored genes associated with antibiotic resistance, and 39% of the representative genomes were methicillin-resistant. Our data provide critical insights for future skin infection control and antibiotic surveillance within veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Fàbregas
- Vetgenomics, Edifici EUREKA, PRUAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Viñes
- Vetgenomics, Edifici EUREKA, PRUAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Cuscó
- Vetgenomics, Edifici EUREKA, PRUAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Migura-García
- Joint Research Unit IRTA-UAB in Animal Health, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA, Animal Health Program, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Ferrer
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Francino
- SVGM, Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Simon C, Latorre-Fernandez J, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Nasal staphylococci community of healthy pigs and pig-farmers in Aragon (Spain). Predominance and within-host resistome diversity in MRSA-CC398 and MSSA-CC9 lineages. One Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
|
22
|
Hafza N, Li N, Luqman A, Götz F. Identification of a serotonin N-acetyltransferase from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ED99. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1073539. [PMID: 36910235 PMCID: PMC9992809 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1073539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) catalyzes the biosynthesis of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) and N-acetyltryptamine (NAT), two pleiotropic molecules with neurotransmitter functions. Here, we report the identification of a SNAT protein in the genus Staphylococcus. The SNAT gene identified in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ED99, namely SPSE_0802, encodes a 140 residues-long cytoplasmic protein. The recombinant protein SPSE_0802 was expressed in E. coli BL21 and found to acetylate serotonin (SER) and tryptamine (TRY) as well as other trace amines in vitro. The production of the neuromodulators NAS and NAT was detected in the cultures of different members of the genus Staphylococcus and the role of SPSE_0802 in this production was confirmed in an ED99 SPSE_0802 deletion mutant. A search for SNAT homologues showed that the enzyme is widely distributed across the genus which correlated with the SNAT activity detected in 22 out of the 40 Staphylococcus strains tested. The N-acetylated products of SNAT are precursors for melatonin synthesis and are known to act as neurotransmitters and activate melatonin receptors, among others, inducing various responses in the human body. The identification of SNAT in staphylococci could contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between those human colonizers and the host peripheral nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nourhane Hafza
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ningna Li
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arif Luqman
- Biology Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Friedrich Götz
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Saidenberg ABS, Stegger M, Torres C. Clonal relatedness of coagulase-positive staphylococci among healthy dogs and dog-owners in Spain. Detection of multidrug-resistant-MSSA-CC398 and novel linezolid-resistant-MRSA-CC5. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1121564. [PMID: 36937268 PMCID: PMC10017961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1121564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nasal carriage of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) in healthy dogs could indicate increased risks of colonization for in-contact people or vice versa. This study determined the nasal carriage rate of CoPS among healthy dogs and in-contact people, their genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic relatedness. Methods Nasal samples were collected from 27 households (34 dogs and 41 humans) in Spain. Staphylococci were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS, their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and spa-types were tested by PCR/sequencing. The relatedness of CoPS from the same households was assessed by core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyses. Results Staphylococcus aureus carriage was found in 34.1% of humans (including one methicillin-resistant S. aureus MRSA-CC5-t2220-SCCmec type-IV2B) and 5.9% of dogs; Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in 2.4% of humans and 32.4% of dogs; while Staphylococcus coagulans was only detected in dogs (5.4%). Remarkably, one human co-carried S. aureus/S. pseudintermedius, while a dog co-carried the three CoPS species. Household density was significantly associated with S. pseudintermedius carriage in households with > than 1 dog and >than 1 human (OR = 18.10, 95% CI: 1.24-260.93, p = 0.034). Closely related (<15 SNPs) S. aureus or S. pseudintermedius were found in humans or dogs in three households. About 56.3% S. aureus carriers (dog or human) harboured diverse within-host spa-types or AMR genotypes. Ten clonal complexes (CCs) were detected among the S. aureus, of which methicillin-susceptible S. aureus-CC398-IEC-type C (t1451 and t571) was the most frequent, but exclusive to humans. S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius isolates harboured resistance genes or mutations associated to 9 classes of antimicrobials including linezolid (G2261A & T1584A point mutations in 23S rDNA). The S. coagulans isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials. Most of the S. pseudintermedius carried lukS/F-I, siet, and sient genes, and all S. aureus were negative for lukS/F-PV, tst-1, eta and etb genes. Discussion Clonally related human-to-human MSSA and dog-to-human MSSP were found. The detection of the MSSA-CC398 clade highlights the need for its continuous surveillance from One Health perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Andre Becker Simoes Saidenberg
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Food Safety and Zoonoses, Institute for Veterinary and Companion Animal Science, Københavns Universitet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carmen Torres,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bellato A, Robino P, Stella MC, Scarrone L, Scalas D, Nebbia P. Resistance to Critical Important Antibacterials in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains of Veterinary Origin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121758. [PMID: 36551415 PMCID: PMC9774309 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal infections represent a challenge in companion animals and hospitalized patients. This study aimed to assess the resistance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates, against a broad panel of antibacterials, including exclusive to human medicine. A total of 40 S. pseudintermedius were collected from clinical specimens of dogs (n = 31) and cats (n = 5). All strains were tested for 20 antibacterials, namely 14 Critical Important and eight Highly Important Antibacterials (CIA and HIA, respectively), indicative for 18 antimicrobial classes. All strains were susceptible to seven antibiotics (daptomycin, fosfomycin, fusidic acid, linezolid, quinupristin-dalfopristin, teicoplanin/vancomycin, tigecycline). The highest resistance was against penicillin (97.5% Confidence Interval [CI]: 83.8-100.0), whereas the lowest against telavancin (2.5%, CI: 0.0-16.2). Resistance versus Highest Priority CIA was observed, namely against macrolides (70.0, CI: 52.1-84.3), quinolones (62.5, CI: 44.5-78.3), 5th generation cephalosporins (7.5, CI: 1.3-21.6), and glycopeptides (2.5%, CI: 0.0-14.2). Among High Priority CIA, strains were resistant only to aminoglycosides (65.0, CI: 47.0-80.4) and ansamycins (12.5, CI: 3.8-28.1). We observed the highest resistance against veterinary medicine antibacterials, but there was also resistance against antibacterials exclusive to human medicine, namely ceftaroline (7.5, CI: 1.0-23.8) and telavancin. S. pseudintermedius zoonotic potential and its rate of acquisition of new resistance should encourage surveillance on a broad spectrum of antibacterials.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abdullahi IN, Zarazaga M, Campaña‐Burguet A, Eguizábal P, Lozano C, Torres C. Nasal Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius carriage in healthy dogs and cats: a systematic review of their antibiotic resistance, virulence and genetic lineages of zoonotic relevance. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3368-3390. [PMID: 36063061 PMCID: PMC9828638 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular ecology of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and their methicillin-resistant strains in healthy dogs and cats could serve as good models to understand the concept of bacterial zoonosis due to animal companionship. This study aims to provide insights into pooled prevalence, genetic lineages, virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among healthy dogs and cats. Original research and brief communication articles published from 2001 to 2021 that reported the nasal detection of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius in healthy dogs and cats in the community, homes and outside veterinary clinics were examined and analysed. Forty-nine studies were eligible and included in this systematic review. The pooled prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus/methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in healthy dogs and cats were 10.9% (95% CI: 10.1-11.9)/2.8% (95% CI: 2.4-3.2) and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9-4.8)/0.5% (95% CI: 0.0-1.1), respectively. Conversely, the pooled prevalence of S. pseudintermedius/methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) in healthy dogs and cats were 18.3% (95% CI: 17.1-19.7)/3.1% (95% CI: 2.5-3.7) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.6-2.4)/1.2% (95% CI: 0.6-2.3), respectively. Although highly diverse genetic lineages of S. aureus were detected in healthy dogs and cats, MSSA-CC1/CC5/CC22/CC45/CC121/CC398 and MRSA-CC5/CC93/CC22/CC30 were mostly reported in dogs; and MSSA-CC5/CC8/CC15/CC48 and MRSA-CC22/CC30/CC80 in cats. Of note, MSSA-CC398 isolates (spa-types t034 and t5883) were detected in dogs. Genetic lineages often associated with MSSP/MRSP were ST20/ST71, highlighting the frequent detection of the epidemic European MRSP-ST71 clone in dogs. S. aureus isolates carrying the luk-S/F-PV, tst, eta, etb and etd genes were seldomly detected in dogs, and luk-S/F-PV was the unique virulence factor reported in isolates of cats. S. pseudintermedius isolates harbouring the luk-S/F-I, seint and expA genes were frequently found, especially in dogs. High and diverse rates of AMR were noted, especially among MRSA/MRSP isolates. There is a need for additional studies on the molecular characterization of isolates from countries with under-studied nasal staphylococci isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Allelén Campaña‐Burguet
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Paula Eguizábal
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mauer AN, Allbaugh RA, Kreuder AJ, Sebbag L. Impact of multi-drug resistance on clinical outcomes of dogs with corneal ulcers infected with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1083294. [PMID: 36504873 PMCID: PMC9729527 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1083294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Compare characteristics and clinical outcomes of dogs with infectious keratitis from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius considered to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) or not. Procedures Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated as the primary pathogen from canine patients with ulcerative keratitis were considered MDR if resistant to at least one agent in three or more classes of antibiotics. Medical records were reviewed for history, patients' characteristics, clinical appearance, therapeutic interventions, and clinical outcomes. Results Twenty-eight dogs (28 eyes) were included. Compared to non-MDR cases, MDR diagnosis was significantly more common in dogs with recent (≤30 days) anesthesia (7/15 vs. 1/13, P = 0.038) and more common in non-brachycephalic dogs (8/15 vs. 2/13, P = 0.055). Clinical appearance (ulcer size/depth, anterior chamber reaction, etc.) did not differ significantly between groups (P ≥ 0.055). Median (range) time to re-epithelialization was longer in MDR vs. non-MDR eyes [29 (10-47) vs. 22 (7-42) days] but the difference was not significant (P = 0.301). Follow-up time was significantly longer in dogs with MDR keratitis [47 (29-590) vs. 29 (13-148) days, P = 0.009]. No other significant differences were noted between MDR and non-MDR eyes in regard to time for ulcer stabilization [4 (1-17) days vs. 4 (1-12), P = 0.699], number of eyes requiring surgical stabilization (7/15 vs. 7/13, P = 0.246) or enucleation (1/15 vs. 2/13, P = 1.000), success in maintaining globe (14/15 vs. 11/13, P = 0.583) or success in maintaining vision (12/15 vs. 10/13, P = 1.000). Conclusions MDR infections may prolong corneal healing time but did not appear to affect overall clinical outcomes in dogs with bacterial keratitis. Further research is warranted in a larger canine population and other bacterial species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Mauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rachel A. Allbaugh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States,*Correspondence: Rachel A. Allbaugh
| | - Amanda J. Kreuder
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lionel Sebbag
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States,Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel,Lionel Sebbag
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yudhanto S, Hung CC, Maddox CW, Varga C. Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Isolated From Canine Urine Samples Submitted to a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Illinois, United States. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:867784. [PMID: 35601398 PMCID: PMC9114880 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.867784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in dogs constitutes a threat to animal and human health. There is a lack of studies in Illinois that evaluated the prevalence of AMR among urinary bacterial pathogens. In the study, we included 803 isolates (299 Gram-positive and 504 Gram-negative) that were isolated from 2,583 canine urine samples submitted to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, the University of Illinois between 2019 and 2020 from dogs suspected of urinary tract infections (UTI). The most common Gram-positive isolates included Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (17.93%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.46%), Streptococcus canis (6.10%), and Enterococcus faecium (3.74%), while Gram-negative isolates included Escherichia coli (45.58%), Proteus mirabilis (11.08%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.11%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.99%). Among the Gram-positive isolates, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates showed a very high prevalence of resistance to penicillin (56.94%), a high prevalence of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (31.94%), enrofloxacin (29.17%), and oxacillin (27.08%). Among Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli isolates showed a high prevalence of resistance to ampicillin (31.42%). Considering the high prevalence of resistance to antimicrobials commonly used to treat UTI in dogs, urine samples should be collected for bacterial culture and susceptibility testing before treatment initiation to prevent treatment failures and the development of multidrug resistance. Given the possibility of zoonotic transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, veterinarians when treating UTI cases, should inform dog owners of the potential transmission risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Yudhanto
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Chien-Che Hung
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Chien-Che Hung
| | - Carol W. Maddox
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Csaba Varga
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Marco-Fuertes A, Marin C, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Vega S, Montoro-Dasi L. Antimicrobial Resistance in Companion Animals: A New Challenge for the One Health Approach in the European Union. Vet Sci 2022; 9:208. [PMID: 35622736 PMCID: PMC9146952 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the increase in multi-resistant bacteria are among the most important threats to public health worldwide, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). Moreover, this issue is underpinned by the One Health perspective, due to the ability of AMR to be transmitted between animals and humans living in the same environment. Therefore, since 2014 different surveillance and control programmes have been established to control AMR in commensal and zoonotic bacteria in production animals. However, public health authorities' reports on AMR leave out companion animals, due to the lack of national programmes and data collection by countries. This missing information constitutes a serious public health concern due to the close contact between companion animals, humans and their surrounding environment. This absence of control and harmonisation between programmes in European countries leads to the ineffectiveness of antibiotics against common diseases. Thus, there is a pressing need to establish adequate surveillance and monitoring programmes for AMR in companion animals and further develop alternatives to antibiotic use in this sector, considering the impact this could have on the gut microbiota. In this context, the aim of this review is to evaluate the current control and epidemiological situations of AMR in companion animals in the European Union (EU), as well as the proposed alternatives to antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Santiago Vega
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Moncada, Spain; (A.M.-F.); (C.M.); (L.L.-R.); (L.M.-D.)
| | | |
Collapse
|