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Di Francesco AM, Pasciuto G, Verrecchia E, Sicignano LL, Gerardino L, Massaro MG, Urbani A, Manna R. Sarcoidosis and Cancer: The Role of the Granulomatous Reaction as a Double-Edged Sword. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5232. [PMID: 39274446 PMCID: PMC11396756 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The relationship between sarcoidosis and the occurrence of neoplasia deserves to be investigated, but this relation has been observed in different and heterogeneous populations, leading to conflicting data. To clarify the causal relationship between these two diseases, different risk factors (e.g., smoking), concurrent comorbidities, corticosteroid therapy, and metastasis development-as an expression of cancer aggressiveness-were investigated. Methods: In a retrospective study on 287 sarcoidosis outpatients at the Pneumological Department of the Gemelli Foundation (Rome, Italy) between 2000 and 2024, the diagnosis of cancer was recorded in 36 subjects (12.5%). Results: The reciprocal timeline of the diseases showed three different scenarios: (1) cancer preceding sarcoidosis or sarcoid-like reactions (63.8%); (2) cancer arising after sarcoidosis diagnosis (8.3%); and (3) sarcoidosis accompanying the onset of malignancy (27.8%). Only two subjects with sarcoidosis and cancer showed metastasis, and one of them was affected by lymphoma. Conclusions: These data suggest that granulomatous inflammation due to sarcoidosis may assume an ambivalent role as a "double-edged sword", according to the M1/M2 macrophage polarization model: it represents a protective shield, preventing the formation of metastasis through the induction of immune surveillance against cancer while, on the other hand, it can be a risk factor for carcinogenesis due to the persistence of a chronic active inflammatory status. Low-dose steroid treatment was administered in only 31.6% of the cancer-sarcoidosis subjects for less than six months to control inflammation activity, with no promotive effect on carcinogenesis observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Di Francesco
- Periodic Fever and Rare Diseases Research Centre, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Pasciuto
- Complex Pneumology Operational Unit, A. Gemelli Policlinic Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Verrecchia
- Department of Aging, Orthopaedic and Rheumatological Sciences, A. Gemelli Policlinic Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Luca Sicignano
- Department of Aging, Orthopaedic and Rheumatological Sciences, A. Gemelli Policlinic Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Gerardino
- Department of Aging, Orthopaedic and Rheumatological Sciences, A. Gemelli Policlinic Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Massaro
- Periodic Fever and Rare Diseases Research Centre, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, A. Gemelli Policlinic Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Manna
- Periodic Fever and Rare Diseases Research Centre, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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2
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Acemoğlu ŞŞZ, Türk İ, Aşık MA, Bircan AÖ, Deniz PP, Arslan D, Hanta İ, Ünal İ. Microvascular damage evaluation based on nailfold videocapillarosopy in sarcoidosis. Clin Rheumatol 2023:10.1007/s10067-023-06582-z. [PMID: 36964448 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microvascular damage is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. We aimed to evaluate the nailfold capillaroscopy (NVC) pattern to detect microvascular changes in patients with sarcoidosis and the relationship of capillaroscopic parameters with clinical variables and disease-related measurements. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-two patients with sarcoidosis and 42 age- and sex-matched patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and healthy individuals were included in this cross-sectional case-control study. Patients aged 18-80 years who met the current American Thoracic Society criteria for sarcoidosis were included. NVC was performed by a digital microscope under a magnification of × 200. Capillary density, number of dilated, giant and neoangiogenic capillaries, capillary loop diameter, capillary shape, micro-hemorrhages, and number of avascular areas, were evaluated by an assessor who was blind to the groups allocation. RESULTS Among the capillaroscopic parameters, neoangiogenesis and dilated capillaries, which can be seen in the pattern of scleroderma, were detected in patients with sarcoidosis but not significantly different from the control group (p = 0.055; p = 0.433, respectively). The rate of tortuosity and crossing capillaries of 50% and above was significantly higher in the sarcoidosis group than in SSc and healthy controls (p < 0.05). In patients with sarcoidosis, the only statistically significant finding was; forced expiratory volume (FEV1) in one second was lower in patients with a crossed capillary rate > 50% than in patients with a crossed capillary rate of less than 50% (FEV1; 87.21 ± 19.3, 102.5 ± 14.8, p = 0.04; respectively). CONCLUSION Patients with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis have different capillaroscopic patterns. The presence of these nonspecific abnormal patterns may reflect microvascular damage in the pathophysiology of sarcoidosis. Key Points • Microvascular damage may play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. • There may be some nonspecific abnormal findings in capillaroscopy findings in sarcoidosis. • Capillaroscopy may be valuable in reflecting sarcoidosis lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şerife Şeyda Zengin Acemoğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - İpek Türk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Aşık
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Özdoğan Bircan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Pelin Pınar Deniz
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Didem Arslan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - İsmail Hanta
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - İlker Ünal
- Department of Biostatistic, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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3
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Cattelan F, Hysa E, Gotelli E, Pizzorni C, Bica PF, Grosso M, Barisione E, Paolino S, Carmisciano L, Sulli A, Smith V, Cutolo M. Microvascular capillaroscopic abnormalities and occurrence of antinuclear autoantibodies in patients with sarcoidosis. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:2199-2210. [PMID: 36040491 PMCID: PMC9548476 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We described nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) findings and estimated the prevalence of serum anti-nuclear (ANA) and extractable nuclear antigen autoantibodies (ENA) in a cohort of sarcoidosis patients, comparing them with adequate healthy controls (HCs) and with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon patients (PRPs). NVC findings were also correlated with the occurrence of autoantibodies, current treatment, laboratory parameters, variables of lung function and whole-body imaging data. Twenty-six patients with sarcoidosis were assessed through NVC, laboratory parameters, pulmonary function tests, chest-X ray and 18- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The NVC parameters and ANA/ENA dosage were recorded also in 30 PRPs and 30 HCs. Sarcoidosis patients showed a higher rate of capillary dilations and nonspecific abnormalities and a lower mean capillary absolute number than PRPs and HCs (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). The prevalence of ANA positivity was higher in patients with sarcoidosis compared with PRPs and HCs (p < 0.02 for both), whereas ENA positivity was detected in one sarcoidosis patient (Ro52). Among sarcoidosis patients, the mean capillary absolute number negatively correlated with the C-reactive protein concentrations and was positively associated with the forced vital capacity percentage. Instead, a negative correlation was detected between serum ACE levels and the presence of capillary dilations (all p < 0.05). Our findings suggest a microvascular involvement in sarcoidosis whose investigation by NVC might be useful for the follow-up of patients displaying RP. Autoantibody positivity in sarcoidosis might suggest autoimmune implications in the disease or the production of autoantibodies reactive to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cattelan
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elvis Hysa
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Gotelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carmen Pizzorni
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Francesco Bica
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Grosso
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Paolino
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Carmisciano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Sulli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Byg KE, Illes Z, Sejbaek T, Lambertsen KL, Ellingsen T, Nielsen HH. Inflammatory profiles in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurosarcoidosis. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 367:577849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Kök GF, Türsen Ü. The Immunogenetics of Granulomatous Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:349-368. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Harding JS, Herbath M, Chen Y, Rayasam A, Ritter A, Csoka B, Hasko G, Michael IP, Fabry Z, Nagy A, Sandor M. VEGF-A from Granuloma Macrophages Regulates Granulomatous Inflammation by a Non-angiogenic Pathway during Mycobacterial Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2119-2131.e6. [PMID: 31091450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many autoimmune and infectious diseases are characterized by the formation of granulomas which are inflammatory lesions that consist of spatially organized immune cells. These sites protect the host and control pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but are highly inflammatory and cause pathology. Using bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Mtb infection in mice that induce sarcoid or caseating granulomas, we show that a subpopulation of granuloma macrophages produces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), which recruits immune cells to the granuloma by a non-angiogenic pathway. Selective blockade of VEGF-A in myeloid cells, combined with granuloma transplantation, shows that granuloma VEGF-A regulates granulomatous inflammation. The severity of granuloma-related inflammation can be ameliorated by pharmaceutical or genetic inhibition of VEGF-A, which improves survival of mice infected with virulent Mtb without altering host protection. These data show that VEGF-A inhibitors could be used as a host-directed therapy against granulomatous diseases like tuberculosis and sarcoidosis, thereby expanding the value of already existing and approved anti-VEGF-A drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Harding
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Melinda Herbath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yuli Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Aditya Rayasam
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anna Ritter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Balazs Csoka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - George Hasko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Iacovos P Michael
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Matyas Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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7
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Balikova I, Postelmans L, Pasteels B, Coquelet P, Catherine J, Efendic A, Hosoda Y, Miyake M, Yamashiro K, Thienpont B, Lambrechts D. Genetic biomarkers in the VEGF pathway predicting response to anti-VEGF therapy in age-related macular degeneration. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2020; 4:e000273. [PMID: 31909188 PMCID: PMC6936450 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2019-000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment.
Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are the
standard treatment for wet ARMD. There is however, variability in patient responses,
suggesting patient-specific factors influencing drug efficacy. We tested whether single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding VEGF pathway members contribute to
therapy response. Methods and analysis A retrospective cohort of 281 European wet ARMD patients treated with anti-VEGF was
genotyped for 138 tagging SNPs in the VEGF pathway. Per patient, we collected best
corrected visual acuity at baseline, after three loading injections and at 12 months. We
also registered the injection number and changes in retinal morphology after three
loading injections (central foveal thickness (CFT), intraretinal cysts and serous
neuroepithelium detachment). Changes in CFT after 3 months were our primary outcome
measure. Association of SNPs to response was assessed by binomial logistic regression.
Replication was attempted by associating visual acuity changes to genotypes in an
independent Japanese cohort. Results Association with treatment response was detected for seven SNPs, including in FLT4
(rs55667289: OR=0.746, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.88, p=0.0005) and KDR (rs7691507:
OR=1.056, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10, p=0.005; and rs2305945: OR=0.963, 95% CI
0.93 to 1.00, p=0.0472). Only association with rs55667289 in FLT4 survived multiple
testing correction. This SNP was unavailable for testing in the replication cohort. Of
six SNPs tested for replication, one was significant although not after multiple testing
correction. Conclusion Identifying genetic variants that define treatment response can help to develop
individualised therapeutic approaches for wet ARMD patients and may point towards new
targets in non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balikova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Postelmans
- Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Pasteels
- Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Coquelet
- Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Janet Catherine
- Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Azra Efendic
- Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yoshikatsu Hosoda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Otsu Red Cross Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Bernard Thienpont
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Functional Epigenetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Babadjanov OA, Karimov HY, Arifov SS, Boboev KT. Evaluation into the Role of the VEGF Gene Polymorphism rs2010963 in the Development of Rosacea and its Relationship with Clinical Subtypes of the Disease. CYTOL GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452719030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Oszajca K, Szemraj J, Wyrzykowski D, Chrzanowska B, Salamon A, Przewratil P. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 genes and risk of infantile hemangioma. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:1201-1207. [PMID: 29984822 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common vascular tumor of childhood and infancy. It is distinguished by rapid proliferation of endothelial cells during the first year of life followed by spontaneous regression thereafter. One of the possible factors responsible for the IH development is vascular endothelial grow factor (VEGF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of selected polymorphisms in the genes coding for VEGF-A (+405 G/C, rs2010963; +936 C/T, rs3025039) and its receptor VEGFR-2 (+1416 T/A, rs1870377; -271 G/A, rs7667298) on the susceptibility to infantile hemangioma. METHODS We performed a case-control study of 99 Polish children hospitalized due to IH and compared them with matched healthy control subjects. The polymorphisms were ascertained through genotyping by PCR-RFLP assay, PCR-HRM, or the allelic discrimination method. RESULTS The study revealed a lower odds of infantile hemangioma in individuals with GG genotype or G allele for +405 G/C VEGF-A polymorphism (ORdis = 0.52, P = 0.023 and ORdis = 0.63, P = 0.025, respectively). No association was observed for the remaining VEGF and VEGFR-2 polymorphisms and IH risk. CONCLUSIONS In our study, none of the investigated VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 genes polymorphisms was found to be an independent prognostic marker for infantile hemangioma. However, there is evidence that individuals carrying at least one G allele of +405 G/C VEGF-A polymorphism have significantly lower risk of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Oszajca
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology for Children and Youth, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Chrzanowska
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology for Children and Youth, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aneta Salamon
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Przewratil
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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10
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Paradowska-Gorycka A, Sowinska A, Pawlik A, Malinowski D, Stypinska B, Haladyj E, Romanowska-Prochnicka K, Olesinska M. FLT-1 gene polymorphisms and protein expression profile in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172018. [PMID: 28323906 PMCID: PMC5360214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammation and angiogenesis are a significant element of pathogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The FLT-1- triggering factor for production of proinflammatory cytokines-might contributes to inflammation in patients with RA. Association of the FLT-1 polymorphisms with different "angiogenic diseases" suggests that it may be a novel genetic risk factor also for RA. The aim of the study was to identify FLT-1 genetic variants and their possible association with sFLT-1 levels, susceptibility to and severity of RA. METHODS The FLT-1 gene polymorphisms were genotyped for 471 RA patients and 684 healthy individuals. Correlation analysis was performed with clinical parameters, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibody (ACPA) presence. The sFLT-1 serum levels were evaluated. RESULTS The FLT-1 gene polymorphisms showed no significant differences in the proportion of cases and controls. Furthermore, the FLT-1 rs2296188 T/C polymorphism was associated with ACPA-positive RA. Overall, rs9943922 T/C and rs2296283 G/A are in almost completed linkage disequilibrium (LD) with D' = 0.97 and r2 = 0.83. The FLT-1 rs7324510 A allele has shown association with VAS score (p = 0.035), DAS-28 score (p = 0.013) and ExRA presence (p = 0.027). Moreover, other clinical parameters were also higher in RA patients with this allele. In addition, FLT-1 genetic variants conferred higher sFLT-1 levels in RA patients compared to controls. CONCLUSION FLT-1 rs7324510 C/A variant may be a new genetic risk factor for severity of RA. Examined factor highly predispose to more severe disease activity as well as higher sFLT-1 levels in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sowinska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Stypinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Haladyj
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Romanowska-Prochnicka
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Olesinska
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Amoah V, Wrigley B, Holroyd E, Smallwood A, Armesilla AL, Nevill A, Cotton J. Vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α gene polymorphisms and coronary collateral formation in patients with coronary chronic total occlusions. SAGE Open Med 2016; 4:2050312116654403. [PMID: 27621802 PMCID: PMC5006805 DOI: 10.1177/2050312116654403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We evaluated the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene and one of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α gene and the degree of coronary collateral formation in patients with a coronary chronic total occlusion. Methods: Totally, 98 patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease and a chronic total occlusion observed during coronary angiography were recruited. Genotyping of two vascular endothelial growth factor promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (−152G>A and −165C>T) and the C1772T single nucleotide polymorphism of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α were performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The presence and extent of collateral vessel filling was scored by blinded observers using the Rentrop grade. Results: We found no association between the vascular endothelial growth factor −152G>A, −165C>T and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α −1772C>T with the presence and filling of coronary collateral vessels. A history of percutaneous coronary intervention and transient ischaemic attack/cerebrovascular accident were associated with the presence of enhanced collateral vessel formation following binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that coronary collateral formation is not associated with the tested polymorphic variants of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease and the presence of a chronic total occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Amoah
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Benjamin Wrigley
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Eric Holroyd
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Andrew Smallwood
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Angel L Armesilla
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Alan Nevill
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - James Cotton
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
- James Cotton, Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, West Midlands WV10 0QP, UK.
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12
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Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterised by tissue infiltration by mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes with associated non-caseating granuloma formation. Originally described as a disorder of the skin, sarcoidosis can involve any organ with wide-ranging clinical manifestations and disease course. Recent studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms involved in disease pathobiology, and we now know that sarcoidosis has a clear genetic basis largely involving human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. In contrast to Mendelian-monogenic disorders--which are generally due to specific and relatively rare mutations often leading to a single amino acid change in an encoded protein--sarcoidosis results from genetic variations relatively common in the general population and involving multiple genes, each contributing an effect of varying magnitude. However, an individual may have the necessary genetic profile and yet the disease will not develop unless an environmental or infectious factor is encountered. Genetics appears also to contribute to the huge variability in clinical phenotype and disease behaviour. Moreover, it has been established that sarcoidosis granulomatous inflammation is a highly polarized T helper 1 immune response that starts with an antigenic stimulus followed by T cell activation via a classic HLA class II-mediated pathway. A complex network of lymphocytes, macrophages, and cytokines is pivotal in the orchestration and evolution of the granulomatous process. Despite these advances, the aetiology of sarcoidosis remains elusive and its pathogenesis incompletely understood. As such, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of disease pathogenesis, which hopefully will translate into the development of truly effective therapies.
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several studies have suggested an association between sarcoidosis and cancer, and between sarcoidosis and connective tissue diseases (CTDs). In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting and refuting these associations. RECENT FINDINGS In terms of a cancer risk in sarcoidosis patients, the data are somewhat conflicting but generally show a very small increased risk. The data supporting an association between sarcoidosis and CTD are not as robust as for cancer. However, it appears that scleroderma is the CTD most strongly associated with sarcoidosis. SUMMARY There are several important clinical and research-related implications of the association of sarcoidosis and CTDs. First, rigorous efforts should be made to exclude alternative causes for granulomatous inflammation before establishing a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Second, the association between sarcoidosis and both cancer and CTDs may yield important insights into the immunopathogenesis of all three diseases. Finally, these data provide insight in answering a common question asked by sarcoidosis patients, 'Am I at an increased risk of developing cancer?' We believe that although there is an increased (relative) risk of cancer in sarcoidosis patients compared with the general population, that increased risk is quite small (low absolute risk).
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Wethmar K, Schulz J, Muro EM, Talyan S, Andrade-Navarro MA, Leutz A. Comprehensive translational control of tyrosine kinase expression by upstream open reading frames. Oncogene 2015; 35:1736-42. [PMID: 26096937 PMCID: PMC4820681 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional control has emerged as a major regulatory event in gene expression and often occurs at the level of translation initiation. Although overexpression or constitutive activation of tyrosine kinases (TKs) through gene amplification, translocation or mutation are well-characterized oncogenic events, current knowledge about translational mechanisms of TK activation is scarce. Here, we report the presence of translational cis-regulatory upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the majority of transcript leader sequences of human TK mRNAs. Genetic ablation of uORF initiation codons in TK transcripts resulted in enhanced translation of the associated downstream main protein-coding sequences (CDSs) in all cases studied. Similarly, experimental removal of uORF start codons in additional non-TK proto-oncogenes, and naturally occurring loss-of-uORF alleles of the c-met proto-oncogene (MET) and the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), was associated with increased CDS translation. Based on genome-wide sequence analyses we identified polymorphisms in 15.9% of all human genes affecting uORF initiation codons, associated Kozak consensus sequences or uORF-related termination codons. Together, these data suggest a comprehensive role of uORF-mediated translational control and delineate how aberrant induction of proto-oncogenes through loss-of-function mutations at uORF initiation codons may be involved in the etiology of cancer. We provide a detailed map of uORFs across the human genome to stimulate future research on the pathogenic role of uORFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wethmar
- Department of Cell Differentiation and Tumorigenesis, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - J Schulz
- Department of Cell Differentiation and Tumorigenesis, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - E M Muro
- Department of Computational Biology and Data Mining, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Talyan
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - M A Andrade-Navarro
- Department of Computational Biology and Data Mining, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Leutz
- Department of Cell Differentiation and Tumorigenesis, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Predictive value of VEGF A and VEGFR2 polymorphisms in the response to intravitreal ranibizumab treatment for wet AMD. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252:469-75. [PMID: 24522370 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether gene polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF A) and its receptor (VEGFR) influence the response to a variable-dosing treatment regimen with ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 94 patients (94 eyes) with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treated with ranibizumab. Patients underwent a 1-year treatment as in the Study of Ranibizumab in Patients with Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration (SUSTAIN). Injections were administered monthly during 3 months to all the patients diagnosed of neovascular AMD; reinjections were made when a patient lost 5 letters on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart or gained 100 μm in central subfield retinal thickness measured by OCT. Genotypes (VEGF A (rs 699947, rs833061) and VEGFR (rs 2071559)) were analyzed using TaqMan probes. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subjective improvement, and macular thickness measured with OCT values were compared with VEGF A and VEGFR genotypes. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the statistical significance. RESULTS We found statistically significant differences in allelic distribution of VEGF A rs833061 polymorphism in relation with the response to intravitreal ranibizumab regarding to visual acuity improvement [p = 0,.34; OR: 1.619 (1.098-2.386)]. Patients carrying "protector" genotype CC had higher probability of best corrected visual acuity improvement. When we analyzed VEGF A rs699947 polymorphism we found that patients expressing AA genotype had a higher chance of increasing their best corrected visual acuity [p:0,022; OR 1,532 (1,015-2,313)]. We did not find statistically significant differences reagarding VEGFR rs2071559 polymorphism and treatment response. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms of VEGF A seem to influence the different response to antiangiogenic treatment in patients with AMD in our population, although further investigation is needed to know the mechanisms of this relationship.
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16
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Tana C, Giamberardino MA, Di Gioacchino M, Mezzetti A, Schiavone C. Immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis and risk of malignancy: a lost truth? Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:305-13. [PMID: 23755746 DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of a relationship between sarcoidosis and malignancy was firstly formulated in 1972 by Brincker. He documented an association of sarcoid reactions or sarcoidosis with 19 lymphomas and associated malignancies. Based on various epidemiological studies, for more than 20 years sarcoidosis has been considered as a condition at increased risk for cancer, particularly lymphoproliferative disorders. The existence of a sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome was therefore proposed, highlighting, as a potential mechanism, the uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation and mitotic activity. A reduced ability to eliminate an antigen and chronic inflammation have been suggested as triggering events. Leading to a reduced tumor immune surveillance, a diminished myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) function, despite up-regulated co-stimulatory and maturation markers, was also raised as potential mechanism. However, some subsequent studies have questioned the presence of a close association between the two entities and have explained those previously published as the result of selection bias and misclassification. Recently, a Swedish population-based cohort study documented a significant overall excess incidence of cancer among sarcoidosis patients, especially those with multiple hospitalizations or admission in older age, emphasizing again a potential neoplastic risk. Therefore, currently, whether these patients have an increased risk of developing malignant lesions is still debated. Larger and unbiased studies are needed before drawing definite conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tana
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, G. DAnnunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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17
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Kang S, Shi YY, Li Y, Wang N, Lu YC, Zhou RM, Zhao XW. Association between genetic variants of the VEGFR-2 gene and the risk of developing endometriosis in Northern Chinese Women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2013; 76:32-7. [PMID: 23635398 DOI: 10.1159/000350665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association of tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) gene with susceptibility to endometriosis. METHODS This study comprised 571 patients with endometriosis and 580 women in the control group. Five tag SNPs in the VEGFR-2 gene were selected using a Haploview program, and those SNPs were genotyped by a method of polymerase chain reaction and ligase detection reaction. RESULTS Statistical results show that there was a significant difference in the genotype and allele distribution of the 1192C/T polymorphism between the disease group and the control group (p = 0.041 and 0.017). The women carrying the T allele (C/T+T/T genotype) had a lower risk of developing endometriosis compared with the women with the C/C genotype (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57-0.99). There was no significant difference in the allele and genotype distribution of four other tag SNPs (1719T/A, +31C/T, IVS25-92A/G and IVS6+54C/T) between the disease group and the control group (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the 1192C/T polymorphisms on the VEGFR-2 gene might affect the risk of developing endometriosis in Northern Chinese women of Han ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
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18
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Bose P, Bathri R, De S, Maudar KK. CD14 C-159T polymorphism and its association with chronic lung diseases: A pilot study on isocyanate exposed population of Central India. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2013; 19:188-95. [PMID: 24019621 PMCID: PMC3758726 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT CD14 functions as a multifunctional receptor for bacterial cell wall components including endotoxin and lipopolysaccharide and is likely to influence the cytokine profile and subsequent immunoglobulin E production in response to antigen/allergen contact in allergic phenotypes. AIMS The present study was to investigate genetic polymorphism in CD14 gene - 159C/T, which may be one of the risk factor for increased prevalence of Chronic Lung Diseases in the Central India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Survivors of Methyl isocyanates toxicity in Bhopal still suffering from various respiratory ailments were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to determine the polymorphism of C-159T. RESULTS The genotype and allelic frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium. Prevalence of CC, CT, and TT were 5.5%, 22.2% and 9.25% respectively in asthmatics; 16.6%, 20.3% and 5.5% respectively in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and 5.5%, 14.8% and 1.85 respectively among interstitial lung disorder (ILD) patients; whereas the control cohort with no methyl isocyanate exposure displayed (CC, CT, and TT) cytosine, thymine as 2%, 1.6% and 2% respectively. Increased risk of Asthma among those carrying TT genotype and T allele (odds ratio [OR] =2.61 and 2.02 respectively). CONCLUSION COPD risk significantly found among those with CC genotype and C allele (OR = 2.81 and 1.50 respectively), whereas ILD risk found significantly among CT genotype and C allele (OR = 1.75 and 1.40 respectively). Therefore, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) C-159T polymorphism in CD14 gene might be a risk factor for development of CLD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protiti Bose
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Bathri
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sajal De
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - K. K. Maudar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Madhya Pradesh, India
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19
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Abstract
A wide variety of diseases have a significant genetic component, including major causes of morbidity and mortality in the western world. Many of these diseases are also angiogenesis dependent. In humans, common polymorphisms, although more subtle in effect than rare mutations that cause Mendelian disease, are expected to have greater overall effects on human disease. Thus, common polymorphisms in angiogenesis-regulating genes may affect the response to an angiogenic stimulus and thereby affect susceptibility to or progression of such diseases. Candidate gene studies have identified several associations between angiogenesis gene polymorphisms and disease. Similarly, emerging pharmacogenomic evidence indicates that several angiogenesis-regulating polymorphisms may predict response to therapy. In contrast, genome-wide association studies have identified only a few risk alleles in obvious angiogenesis genes. As in other traits, regulatory polymorphisms appear to dominate the landscape of angiogenic responsiveness. Rodent assays, including the mouse corneal micropocket assay, tumor models, and a macular degeneration model have allowed the identification and comparison of loci that directly affect the trait. Complementarity between human and animal approaches will allow increased understanding of the genetic basis for angiogenesis-dependent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Rogers
- Vascular Biology Program, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusettes, USA.
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20
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Kaya M, Çokakli M, Berk AT, Yaman A, Yesilirmak D, Kumral A, Atabey N. Associations of VEGF/VEGF-receptor and HGF/c-Met promoter polymorphisms with progression/regression of retinopathy of prematurity. Curr Eye Res 2012; 38:137-42. [PMID: 23094709 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.731550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect(s) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and HGF receptor (c-Met) polymorphisms on progression/regression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study comprised both a prospective analysis and a clinically relevant laboratory investigation. Enrolled were 123 Turkish preterm infants--gestational age (GA), ≤34 weeks; birth weight (BW), ≤1500 g--from a single tertiary care center. Infants were grouped as those who had undergone laser therapy (Group 1, n = 42), those with spontaneously regressed ROP (Group 2, n = 50), and those with no ROP (controls) (Group 3, n = 31). VEGF (-634) C and VEGF (-460) C polymorphisms were analyzed using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (PCR-RFLP) technique. VEGFR-2, HGF, and c-Met gene promoter polymorphisms were determined by direct sequencing. RESULTS Mean GAs and BWs of infants in Groups 1 and 2 were statistically significantly lower than those of Group 3 (p = 0.001). Frequencies of VEGF (-634) C and VEGF (-460) C polymorphisms were similar for all groups. We found a +32G→A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of the VEGFR-2 gene. HGF and c-Met gene promoter polymorphisms were not found in any group. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that there is no association between the carrier states of gene promoter polymorphisms VEGF (-634) C, VEGF (-460) C, and VEGFR-2, and progression or spontaneous regression of ROP in preterm infants. The absence of HGF and c-Met polymorphisms in our study groups suggests that polymorphisms in the minimal promoters of these genes are not involved in the pathogenesis of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Kaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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21
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Lazzeri S, Orlandi P, Figus M, Fioravanti A, Cascio E, Di Desidero T, Agosta E, Canu B, Sartini MS, Danesi R, Nardi M, Bocci G. The rs2071559 AA VEGFR-2 genotype frequency is significantly lower in neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:420190. [PMID: 22919317 PMCID: PMC3415178 DOI: 10.1100/2012/420190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this prospective, case-control genetic study, 120 consecutive neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) cases and 78 controls were enrolled. Two SNPs (rs2071559 and rs1870377) of VEGF-A receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) gene were analyzed with the technique of Real-Time PCR to investigate a genetic link between AMD and VEGFR-2 gene polymorphisms in Italian patients. The frequency of the VEGFR-2 genotype rs2071559 AA was significantly lower (18.33%) in patients with AMD than in the control subjects (34.62%; P = 0.0095, chi-square test; P(corr) = 0.038; OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.82). In conclusion, although with the limitations of a small sample size and the few SNPs studied, this study demonstrates a lower frequency of VEGFR-2 rs2071559 AA genotype in an AMD patient population, suggesting future studies on the role VEGFR-2 SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lazzeri
- Ophthalmology Unit, University Hospital, Via Paradisa, 2-56124 Pisa, Italy
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VEGF gene polymorphism and response to intravitreal bevacizumab and triple therapy in age-related macular degeneration. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2011; 55:435-443. [PMID: 21744122 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-011-0061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and response to either intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) or photodynamic therapy with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and IVB (triple therapy) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS The study consisted of 94 patients with neovascular AMD who underwent IVB and 79 patients with neovascular AMD who underwent triple therapy. Genotypes were determined for four selected tagging single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)s of the VEGF gene. RESULTS Of the four SNPs studied, one SNP (rs699946) was associated significantly with visual acuity (VA) changes 12 months after treatment-irrespective of whether they received IVB alone (P = 0.044) or triple therapy 0.010). Baseline VA was not significantly different among the three genotypes of rs699946 in either treatment group. There were no significant differences in the number of treatments, incidence of recurrence, or the period until the recurrence according to VEGF rs699946 genetic variant. CONCLUSIONS The VEGF gene SNP rs699946 was associated with response to IVB alone and to triple therapy in this study. The G allele in SNP rs699946 can thus be applied as a marker for better visual prognosis in patients with neovascular AMD who receive either IVB or triple therapy.
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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing myeloid dendritic cells and macrophages in infectious and noninfectious cutaneous granulomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 65:819-832. [PMID: 21501890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) degrades the essential amino acid tryptophan, and this degradation is an immunosuppressive mechanism that is mainly used by antigen-presenting cells. IDO-expressing dendritic cells and macrophages have previously been identified as components of lymph node granulomas after Listeria monocytogenes infection. In this study we undertook an analysis of IDO expression in granulomas of infectious and noninfectious origin in the human skin. METHODS Lesional skin biopsy specimens (n = 22) from different granulomatous skin disorders (lupus vulgaris, sarcoidosis, granuloma annulare, leprosy) were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify and locate the enzyme IDO within the inflammatory granulomatous infiltrate (IDO, CD11c, CD68, S100, CD3, Foxp3). Two-color immunofluorescence of IDO in combination with multiple markers was applied to characterize the IDO-expressing cells. RESULTS Cutaneous granulomas of different origin strongly express IDO, mainly in the center and in the ring wall of the granulomas. We demonstrate that in infectious, but also in noninfectious human cutaneous granulomas the large myeloid CD11c(+)S100(+)CD68(-) dendritic cells and the CD68(+) macrophages express IDO. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by the lack of details about the exact stage or maturity of granuloma formation in the specimens investigated. CONCLUSION These findings reveal that IDO expression in myeloid dendritic cells and macrophages is part of an integrated response of granuloma formation, which may be a unifying feature of granulomatous reactions in the skin.
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Abstract
Sarcoidosis, a systemic granulomatous disease of undetermined etiology, is characterized by a variable clinical presentation and course. During the past decade, advances have been made in the study of sarcoidosis. The multicenter ACCESS (A Case Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis) trial recruited > 700 subjects with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis and matched control subjects. Investigators were unable to identify a single cause of sarcoidosis, but ACCESS paved the way for subsequent etiologic studies. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase protein has been identified as a potential sarcoidosis antigen. Genetic aspects of the disease have been elucidated further. Genome-wide scans have identified candidate genes. Gene expression analyses have defined cytokine dysregulation in sarcoidosis more clearly. Although the criteria for diagnosis have not changed, sarcoidosis remains a diagnosis of exclusion best supported by a tissue biopsy specimen that demonstrates noncaseating granulomas in a patient with compatible clinical and radiologic features of the disease. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph nodes has facilitated diagnosis, often eliminating the need for more invasive procedures, such as mediastinoscopy. PET scanning has proven valuable in locating occult sites of active disease. Currently, no reliable prognostic biomarkers have been identified. The tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, a relatively new class of agents, have been used in patients with refractory disease. It is unclear whether phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs, or endothelin antagonists should be used for the treatment of sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Morgenthau
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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25
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The -159C/T polymorphism in the CD14 gene and the risk of asthma: a meta-analysis. Immunogenetics 2010; 63:23-32. [PMID: 21079949 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-010-0489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The -159C/T polymorphism in the CD14 gene has been implicated in susceptibility to asthma, but a large number of studies have reported inconclusive results. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the -159C/T polymorphism in the CD14 gene and the risk of asthma by meta-analysis. We searched Pubmed, Embase, CNKI database, Wanfang database, Weipu database, and Chinese Biomedical database, covering all publications (last search been performed on April 20, 2010). Statistical analysis was performed by using the softwares Revman 4.2 and STATA 10.0. A total of 17 case-control studies in 17 articles (4,246 cases and 3,631 controls) were included in this meta-analysis. There was no association between this polymorphism and asthma risk in combined analyses (odds ratio (OR) = 0.86 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.72-1.02, P = 0.09 for TC + TT vs. CC). In the subgroup analysis by age, ethnicity, and atopic status, no significant associations of asthma risks were obtained from age groups, ethnic groups, and atopic groups for TC + TT vs. CC comparison. For atopic population, significant decreased atopic asthma risks were found among Asian population (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.52-0.92, P = 0.01) and children population (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.89, P = 0.0004) for TC + TT vs. CC comparison. This meta-analysis suggests that CD14 is a candidate gene for atopic asthma susceptibility. The -159C/T polymorphism may be a protective factor for atopic asthma in Asian and children. More studies are needed to validate these associations.
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Fischer A, Nothnagel M, Schürmann M, Müller-Quernheim J, Schreiber S, Hofmann S. A genome-wide linkage analysis in 181 German sarcoidosis families using clustered biallelic markers. Chest 2010; 138:151-7. [PMID: 20190003 DOI: 10.1378/chest.09-2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis (SA) is a systemic granulomatous inflammatory disorder with complex etiology and strong clustering in families. Genome-wide association studies have been successful in the identification of common risk variants for the disease. To reveal susceptibility variants with low frequencies but strong effects, we performed a genome-wide linkage scan in a large sample of SA families. METHODS We genotyped 528 members of 181 German SA families for 3,882 single nucleotide polymorphism assays from the SNPlex System Human Linkage Mapping Set 4K. RESULTS Nonparametric linkage analysis revealed one region of suggestive linkage on chromosome 12p13.31 at 20 cM (logarithm of odds [LOD] = 2.53; local P value = .0003) and another linkage peak of nearly suggestive linkage on 9q33.1 at 134 cM (LOD = 2.12; local P value = .0009). The latter has been reported to show suggestive evidence for linkage in a sample of 229 African American SA families previously. Analysis of acute and chronically affected families revealed a subphenotype-specific linkage pattern and an additional, nearly suggestive linkage peak on chromosome 16p13.11 at 38 cM (LOD = 2.09; local P value = .001), which was confined to acute SA. CONCLUSION Our results propose that the respective regions might harbor yet-unidentified, possibly subphenotype-specific risk factors for the disease (eg, with immune-related functions like the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1). They should be proved to be important for SA pathogenesis and investigated in detail with an emphasis on rare variants. Subphenotype-specific risk factors might serve for prognosis of the clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Fischer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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