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Zhang Z, Shi W, Ru L, Lv W. Biomarkers of occupational benzene exposure: A Systematic Review to estimate the exposure levels and individual susceptibility at low doses. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:539-555. [PMID: 38864232 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241259053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Benzene is associated with diverse occupational and public health hazards. It exhibits an ability to rapidly permeate the skin and contaminate water and food sources, leading to dermal and ingestion exposures. Despite numerous studies examining the associations between benzene and various indicators of harm, the findings have yielded inconsistent results. Furthermore, relying solely on air concentration as a measure of benzene exposure is limited, as it fails to account for internal exposure dose and individual susceptibility. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive review in order to present current knowledge on benzene biomarkers and their significance in evaluating exposure levels and associated health hazards. The search methodology adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and involved the application of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria across multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two researchers independently extracted and evaluated the relevant data based on predetermined criteria. Following the screening process, a total of 80 articles were considered eligible out of the initially retrieved 1053 articles after undergoing screening and assessment for inclusion. As the level of exposure decreased, specific biomarkers demonstrated a gradual increase in limitations, including heightened background concentrations and vulnerability to confounding factors. The advancement of sampling and analysis techniques will yield new biomarkers. Additionally, when conducting practical work, it is crucial to employ a comprehensive utilization of diverse biomarkers while excluding individual metabolic variations and combined exposure factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihua Ru
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Rosser F. Outdoor Air Pollution and Pediatric Respiratory Disease. Clin Chest Med 2024; 45:531-541. [PMID: 39069319 PMCID: PMC11286236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution is ubiquitous, and no safe level of exposure has been identified for the most common air pollutants such as ozone and particle pollution. Children are uniquely more susceptible to the harms of outdoor air pollution, which can cause and exacerbate respiratory disease. Although challenging to identify the effects of outdoor air pollution on individual patients, understanding the basics of outdoor air pollution is essential for pediatric respiratory health care providers. This review covers basic information regarding outdoor air pollution, unique considerations for children, mechanisms for increased susceptibility, and association with incident and exacerbation of respiratory disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rosser
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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3
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Wallbanks S, Griffiths B, Thomas M, Price OJ, Sylvester KP. Impact of environmental air pollution on respiratory health and function. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e70006. [PMID: 39175108 PMCID: PMC11341277 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental air pollution presents a considerable risk to global respiratory health. If critical levels are exceeded, inhaled pollutants can lead to the development of respiratory dysfunction and provoke exacerbation in those with pre-existing chronic respiratory disease. Over 90% of the global population currently reside in areas where environmental air pollution is considered excessive-with adverse effects ranging from acute airway irritation to complex immunomodulatory alterations. This narrative review provides an up-to-date perspective concerning the impact of environmental air pollution on respiratory health and function and describes the underpinning mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of chronic respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Wallbanks
- Birmingham Heartlands HospitalUniversity Hospitals BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Benjamin Griffiths
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Maximillian Thomas
- Respiratory PhysiologyUniversity Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation TrustBrightonUK
| | - Oliver J. Price
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- Department of Respiratory MedicineLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK
| | - Karl P. Sylvester
- Respiratory PhysiologyPapworth Hospital NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
- Respiratory PhysiologyCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
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Hirose H, Higuchi T, Takagi K, Tochimoto A, Ichimura Y, Harigai M, Kawaguchi Y. Seasonal fluctuation of serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 levels in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15254. [PMID: 38973340 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate whether seasonal changes influence fluctuations in serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) levels in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). METHODS Summer was defined as the period between July and September, and winter as between December and February. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2016, with a focus on these two seasons. A diagnosis of ILD and ILD progression overtime were evaluated using chest computed tomography. Among patients with SSc-ILD, those with data on serum KL-6 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the 2015 winter, 2015 summer, and 2016 winter seasons were included. Patients with comorbidities that could affect serum KL-6 levels were excluded. RESULTS Of 60 patients with SSc-ILD, 52 (86.7%) had stable ILD, 5 (8.3%) had worsened ILD, and 3 (5.0%) had improved ILD. Serum KL-6 levels were significantly higher during the winter than those during the summer (2015 winter vs. 2015 summer: 649 U/mL vs. 585 U/mL, p < .0001; 2016 winter vs. 2015 summer: 690 U/mL vs. 585 U/mL, p < .0001). No significant differences were observed between the winters of 2015 and 2016 (649 U/mL vs. 690 U/mL, p = .78). However, serum LDH levels did not exhibit seasonal fluctuations (2015 winter vs. 2015 summer: 203 U/L vs. 199 U/L, p = .3; 2016 winter vs. 2015 summer: 201 U/L vs. 199 U/L, p = .6; 2015 winter vs. 2016 winter: 203 U/L vs. 201 U/L, p = .24). CONCLUSION Seasonal fluctuations in serum KL-6 levels were observed in patients with SSc-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Hirose
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Higuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Multidisciplinary Management of Rheumatic Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kae Takagi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tochimoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichimura
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Harigai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Yang Z, Xie Z, Wang Z, Du Y, Chen S, Wu X, Zhou S, Yi L, Zhang P, Xiang T, He C. Time trends in the incidence of interstitial lung disease across Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) from 1990 to 2019: An age-period-cohort analysis. Respirology 2024. [PMID: 38946174 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The global incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) has risen over the past few decades. However, few studies have evaluated the status and incidence trends of ILD in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). This study assesses the trends of ILD incidence across the BRICS with an emphasis on ILD changes from 1990 to 2019. METHODS Incidence rates were estimated by the data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Age-period-cohort modelling was used to estimate the effects on ILD from 1990 to 2019, and the net drift and local drift were calculated. RESULTS In 2019, a total of 11.4 million cases of ILD were reported in the BRICS countries. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence rate of ILD in BRICS showed an upward trend. India consistently reported the highest incidence rate, while China showed the fastest growth rate (107.6%). Russia reported a similar incidence rates for men and women, with a lower age of peak incidence compared to the other four countries. We found the time effect was unfavourable for BRICS in the first decade, especially for Brazil; in China and Brazil, the risk of people born after 1960 has rapidly decreased. CONCLUSION ILD shows a rising incidence in BRICS. with the trends varying based on age and other environmental factors. BRICS should strengthen specific public health approaches and policies for different stages and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Nursing, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Jiangxi Medical Center for Critical Public Health Events, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zequan Wang
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunyu Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shihan Chen
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiuqiang Wu
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengliang Zhou
- Accident and Emergency Department, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linxia Yi
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peiyao Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxin Xiang
- Department of Infection Control, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaozhu He
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Althobiani MA, Russell AM, Jacob J, Ranjan Y, Folarin AA, Hurst JR, Porter JC. Interstitial lung disease: a review of classification, etiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1296890. [PMID: 38698783 PMCID: PMC11063378 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1296890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) refer to a heterogeneous and complex group of conditions characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, or both, in the interstitium of the lungs. This results in impaired gas exchange, leading to a worsening of respiratory symptoms and a decline in lung function. While the etiology of some ILDs is unclear, most cases can be traced back to factors such as genetic predispositions, environmental exposures (including allergens, toxins, and air pollution), underlying autoimmune diseases, or the use of certain medications. There has been an increase in research and evidence aimed at identifying etiology, understanding epidemiology, improving clinical diagnosis, and developing both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in the field of interstitial lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik A. Althobiani
- Royal Free Campus, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anne-Marie Russell
- School of Health and Care Professions, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Jacob
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Satsuma Lab, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yatharth Ranjan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amos A. Folarin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Hurst
- Royal Free Campus, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna C. Porter
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Jin X, Chen Y, Xu B, Tian H. Exercise-Mediated Protection against Air Pollution-Induced Immune Damage: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Directions. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:247. [PMID: 38666859 PMCID: PMC11047937 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution, a serious risk factor for human health, can lead to immune damage and various diseases. Long-term exposure to air pollutants can trigger oxidative stress and inflammatory responses (the main sources of immune impairment) in the body. Exercise has been shown to modulate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant statuses, enhance immune cell activity, as well as protect against immune damage caused by air pollution. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the protective effects of exercise on pollutant-induced damage and the safe threshold for exercise in polluted environments remain elusive. In contrast to the extensive research on the pathogenesis of air pollution and the preventive role of exercise in enhancing fitness, investigations into exercise resistance to injury caused by air pollution are still in their infancy. In this review, we analyze evidence from humans, animals, and cell experiments on the combined effects of exercise and air pollution on immune health outcomes, with an emphasis on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and immune cells. We also propose possible mechanisms and directions for future research on exercise resistance to pollutant-induced damage in the body. Furthermore, we suggest strengthening epidemiological studies at different population levels and investigations on immune cells to guide how to determine the safety thresholds for exercise in polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bingxiang Xu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.J.); (Y.C.)
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.J.); (Y.C.)
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8
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Kaur J, Sharma A, Passi G, Dey P, Khajuria A, Alajangi HK, Jaiswal PK, Barnwal RP, Singh G. Nanomedicine at the Pulmonary Frontier: Immune-Centric Approaches for Respiratory Disease Treatment. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:295-347. [PMID: 38206610 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2298398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases (RD) are a group of common ailments with a rapidly increasing global prevalence, posing a significant threat to humanity, especially the elderly population, and imposing a substantial burden on society and the economy. RD represents an unmet medical need that requires the development of viable pharmacotherapies. While various promising strategies have been devised to advance potential treatments for RD, their implementation has been hindered by difficulties in drug delivery, particularly in critically ill patients. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions for delivering medications to the inflamed organ sites, such as the lungs. Although this approach is enticing, delivering nanomedicine to the lungs presents complex challenges that require sophisticated techniques. In this context, we review the potential of novel nanomedicine-based immunomodulatory strategies that could offer therapeutic benefits in managing this pressing health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gautam Passi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Piyush Dey
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akhil Khajuria
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hema Kumari Alajangi
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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9
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Kim SH, Kim SY, Yoon HY, Song JW. PM 10 increases mortality risk in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. RMD Open 2024; 10:e003680. [PMID: 38331470 PMCID: PMC10860120 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of air pollution on the prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) remains poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the effect of long-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10 µm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on mortality in patients with RA-ILD. METHODS We included 309 patients (mean age, 61.7 years; male, 44.3%) with RA-ILD. Individual-level long-term exposures to PM10 and NO2 at their residential addresses were estimated using a national-scale exposure prediction model. The effect of the two air pollutants on mortality was estimated using a Cox-proportional hazards model adjusted for individual-level and area-level characteristics. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 4.8 years, and 40.8% of patients died or underwent lung transplantation. The annual average concentrations of PM10 and NO2 were 56.3 μg/m3 and 22.4 ppb, respectively. When air pollutant levels were stratified by quartiles, no association was observed between air pollutant concentration and mortality in patients with RA-ILD. However, when stratified by two groups (high exposure (top 25th percentile) vs low exposure (bottom 75th percentile)), we observed a significant association between high PM10 exposure and mortality (HR 1.68; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.52; p=0.013) but no association between NO2 exposure and mortality. In the subgroup analyses, the effect of high PM10 exposure on mortality was significant in patients aged <65 years (HR 1.98; 95% CI 1.02 to 3.85; p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that high PM10 exposure may be associated with mortality in patients with RA-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Han Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Cancer AI & Digital Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hee-Young Yoon
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Gavito-Covarrubias D, Ramírez-Díaz I, Guzmán-Linares J, Limón ID, Manuel-Sánchez DM, Molina-Herrera A, Coral-García MÁ, Anastasio E, Anaya-Hernández A, López-Salazar P, Juárez-Díaz G, Martínez-Juárez J, Torres-Jácome J, Albarado-Ibáñez A, Martínez-Laguna Y, Morán C, Rubio K. Epigenetic mechanisms of particulate matter exposure: air pollution and hazards on human health. Front Genet 2024; 14:1306600. [PMID: 38299096 PMCID: PMC10829887 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1306600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution nowadays has not only a direct correlation with human health changes but a direct social impact. Epidemiological studies have evidenced the increased damage to human health on a daily basis because of damage to the ecological niche. Rapid urban growth and industrialized societies importantly compromise air quality, which can be assessed by a notable accumulation of air pollutants in both the gas and the particle phases. Of them, particulate matter (PM) represents a highly complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds of the most variable size, composition, and origin. PM being one of the most complex environmental pollutants, its accumulation also varies in a temporal and spatial manner, which challenges current analytical techniques used to investigate PM interactions. Nevertheless, the characterization of the chemical composition of PM is a reliable indicator of the composition of the atmosphere, the quality of breathed air in urbanized societies, industrial zones and consequently gives support for pertinent measures to avoid serious health damage. Epigenomic damage is one of the most promising biological mechanisms of air pollution-derived carcinogenesis. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the implication of PM exposure in diverse molecular mechanisms driving human diseases by altered epigenetic regulation. The presented findings in the context of pan-organic cancer, fibrosis, neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases may provide valuable insights into the toxicity effects of PM components at the epigenomic level and may serve as biomarkers of early detection for novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulcemaría Gavito-Covarrubias
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ivonne Ramírez-Díaz
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Josué Guzmán-Linares
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ilhuicamina Daniel Limón
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Dulce María Manuel-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Molina-Herrera
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Coral-García
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Estela Anastasio
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Arely Anaya-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Primavera López-Salazar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Juárez-Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Javier Martínez-Juárez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Julián Torres-Jácome
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alondra Albarado-Ibáñez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ygnacio Martínez-Laguna
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Carolina Morán
- Centro de Investigación en Fisicoquímica de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Karla Rubio
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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11
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Pourhoseini SA, Akbary A, Mahmoudi H, Akbari M, Heydari ST. Association between prenatal period exposure to ambient air pollutants and development of postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:455-465. [PMID: 36469809 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2153808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is body of evidence supporting a role for maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants and postpartum depression (PPD). We attempted to review the literature systematically to assess the association between exposure to both ambient air particulate matters within pregnancy and PPD. The effect estimates extracting across each study were standardized to a 10 μg/m3 change. The random-effects model was applied to pool odds ratios. According to the three included cohort articles, exposure to PM10 within second trimester (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.15-1.37) was significantly associated with higher odds of PPD. However, there was no significant association between having exposure to other ambient air pollutants and PPD. This meta-analysis showed that air pollutants could be associated with an increased risk of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Azam Pourhoseini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Akbary
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Cente, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Hedieh Mahmoudi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Ahmed S, Chowdhury MAH, Kader SB, Shahriar MH, Begum BA, Eunus M, Sarwar G, Islam T, Alam DS, Parvez F, Raqib R, Ahsan H, Yunus M. Personal exposure to household air pollution and lung function in rural Bangladesh: A population-based cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:385-397. [PMID: 36436222 PMCID: PMC10220216 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2150150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We assessed whether personal exposure to household air pollution [PM2.5 and black carbon (BC)] is associated with lung functions (FEV1, FVC, and their ratio) in non-smoking adults in rural Bangladesh. We measured personal exposure to PM2.5 using gravimetric analysis of PM2.5 mass and BC by reflectance measurement between April 2016 and June 2019. The average 24-hour PM2.5 and BC concentration was 141.0μgm-3 and 13.8μgm-3 for females, and 91.7 μgm-3 and 10.1 μgm-3 for males, respectively. A 1 μgm-3 increase in PM2.5 resulted in a 0.02 ml reduction in FEV1, 0.43 ml reduction in FVC, and 0.004% reduction in FEV1/FVC. We also found a similar inverse relationship between BC and lung functions (9.6 ml decrease in FEV1 and 18.5 ml decrease in FVC per 1μgm-3 increase in BC). A higher proportion of non-smoking biomass fuel users (50.1% of the females and 46.7% of the males) had restrictive patterns of lung function abnormalities, which need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyfuddin Ahmed
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Muhammad Ashique Haider Chowdhury
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biological Science Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Hasan Shahriar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biological Science Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- UChicago Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | - Dewan S Alam
- Independent Global Health Epidemiologist, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biological Science Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- UChicago Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Md Yunus
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Maternal and Child Health Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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13
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Craig NA, Scruggs AM, Berens JP, Deng F, Chen Y, Dvonch JT, Huang SK. Promotion of myofibroblast differentiation through repeated treatment of fibroblasts to low concentrations of PM 2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 105:104329. [PMID: 38036232 PMCID: PMC11010492 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is a risk factor for many lung diseases. Although the toxicologic effects of PM2.5 on airway epithelium are well-described, the effects of PM2.5 on fibroblasts in the lung are less studied. Here, we sought to examine the effects of PM2.5 on the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Although a single treatment of fibroblasts did not result in a change in collagen or the myofibroblast marker α-SMA, exposing fibroblasts to sequential treatments with PM2.5 at low concentrations caused a robust increase in these proteins. Treatment of fibroblasts with IMD0354, an inhibitor to nuclear factor κB, but not with an antagonist to aryl hydrocarbon receptor, abolished the ability of PM2.5 to induce myofibroblast differentiation. These data demonstrate that potential impact of PM2.5 to fibroblast activation and fibrosis and support the importance of utilizing low concentrations and varying exposure protocols to toxicologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Craig
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne M Scruggs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jack P Berens
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J Timothy Dvonch
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven K Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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14
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Gandhi S, Tonelli R, Murray M, Samarelli AV, Spagnolo P. Environmental Causes of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16481. [PMID: 38003670 PMCID: PMC10671449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common and severe of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, is a chronic and relentlessly progressive disease, which occurs mostly in middle-aged and elderly males. Although IPF is by definition "idiopathic", multiple factors have been reported to increase disease risk, aging being the most prominent one. Several occupational and environmental exposures, including metal dust, wood dust and air pollution, as well as various lifestyle variables, including smoking and diet, have also been associated with an increased risk of IPF, probably through interaction with genetic factors. Many of the predisposing factors appear to act also as trigger for acute exacerbations of the disease, which herald a poor prognosis. The more recent literature on inhalation injuries has focused on the first responders in the World Trade Center attacks and military exposure. In this review, we present an overview of the environmental and occupational causes of IPF and its pathogenesis. While our list is not comprehensive, we have selected specific exposures to highlight based on their overall disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheiphali Gandhi
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0924, USA; (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Respiratory Disease Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42125 Modena, Italy; (R.T.); (A.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
| | - Margaret Murray
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0924, USA; (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Respiratory Disease Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42125 Modena, Italy; (R.T.); (A.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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15
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Dimakopoulou K, Tomos I, Manali ED, Papiris SA, Karakatsani A. Effects of short-term air pollution exposure on symptoms development in the course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:1069-1078. [PMID: 37937867 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2281992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lately a potential detrimental effect of air pollution to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis emerged. We aimed to assess the effects of short-term air pollution exposure to the clinical course of IPF. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS IPF patients were followed intensively for four nonconsecutive study periods between 13 July 2020 and 5 September 2021. Short-term exposure to O3, NO2 and PM10 concentrations was estimated using spatio-temporal land use regression models. Associations among symptoms, lung function, oxygen saturation, and short-term personal air pollutant exposure were assessed through multiple mixed effects logistic regression models. RESULTS Data for up to 24 IPF patients (mean age: 72.2 ± 7.6 years) were analyzed. We detected positive significant associations between cough and a 10 μg/m3 increase in same day mean level of NO2 (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.00-2.53), PM10 (OR = 2.42, 95%CI: 1.54-3.79), and O3 (OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.14-2.32). A 10 μg/m3 increase in same day mean level of NO2 was also associated with the risk of appearance of wheezing (OR = 3.01, 95%CI: 1.00-9.04), while exposure to O3 was associated with common cold (OR = 6.30, 95%CI: 3.59-11.07). No significant associations were detected between short-term exposure to air pollutants and forced vital capacity or saturation of oxygen. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to increased concentrations of air pollutants is an independent risk factor for IPF symptoms' aggravation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Dimakopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tomos
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - Effrosyni D Manali
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - Spyros A Papiris
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - Anna Karakatsani
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
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16
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Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Respiratory Disease: The Role of Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054345. [PMID: 36901776 PMCID: PMC10001616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The leading mechanisms through which air pollutants exert their damaging effects are the promotion of oxidative stress, the induction of an inflammatory response, and the deregulation of the immune system by reducing its ability to limit infectious agents' spreading. This influence starts in the prenatal age and continues during childhood, the most susceptible period of life, due to a lower efficiency of oxidative damage detoxification, a higher metabolic and breathing rate, and enhanced oxygen consumption per unit of body mass. Air pollution is involved in acute disorders like asthma exacerbations and upper and lower respiratory infections, including bronchiolitis, tuberculosis, and pneumoniae. Pollutants can also contribute to the onset of chronic asthma, and they can lead to a deficit in lung function and growth, long-term respiratory damage, and eventually chronic respiratory illness. Air pollution abatement policies, applied in the last decades, are contributing to mitigating air quality issues, but more efforts should be encouraged to improve acute childhood respiratory disease with possible positive long-term effects on lung function. This narrative review aims to summarize the most recent studies on the links between air pollution and childhood respiratory illness.
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17
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Koreny M, Arbillaga-Etxarri A, Bosch de Basea M, Foraster M, Carsin AE, Cirach M, Gimeno-Santos E, Barberan-Garcia A, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Vall-Casas P, Rodriguez-Roisín R, Garcia-Aymerich J. Urban environment and physical activity and capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113956. [PMID: 35872322 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity and exercise capacity are key prognostic factors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but their environmental determinants are unknown. OBJECTIVES To test the association between urban environment and objective physical activity, physical activity experience and exercise capacity in COPD. METHODS We studied 404 patients with mild-to-very severe COPD from a multi-city study in Catalonia, Spain. We measured objective physical activity (step count and sedentary time) by the Dynaport MoveMonitor, physical activity experience (difficulty with physical activity) by the Clinical visit-PROactive (C-PPAC) instrument, and exercise capacity by the 6-min walk distance (6MWD). We estimated individually (geocoded to the residential address) population density, pedestrian street length, slope of terrain, and long-term (i.e., annual) exposure to road traffic noise, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5). We built single- and multi-exposure mixed-effects linear regressions with a random intercept for city, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS Patients were 85% male, had mean (SD) age 69 (9) years and walked 7524 (4045) steps/day. In multi-exposure models, higher population density was associated with fewer steps, more sedentary time and worse exercise capacity (-507 [95% CI: 1135, 121] steps, +0.2 [0.0, 0.4] h/day and -13 [-25, 0] m per IQR). Pedestrian street length related with more steps and less sedentary time (156 [9, 304] steps and -0.1 [-0.1, 0.0] h/day per IQR). Steeper slope was associated with better exercise capacity (15 [3, 27] m per IQR). Higher NO2 levels related with more sedentary time and more difficulty in physical activity. PM2.5 and noise were not associated with physical activity or exercise capacity. DISCUSSION Population density, pedestrian street length, slope and NO2 exposure relate to physical activity and capacity of COPD patients living in highly populated areas. These findings support the consideration of neighbourhood environmental factors during COPD management and the attention to patients with chronic diseases when developing urban and transport planning policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koreny
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ane Arbillaga-Etxarri
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Magda Bosch de Basea
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Foraster
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; PHAGEX Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Science, Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anne-Elie Carsin
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Spain.
| | - Marta Cirach
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Gimeno-Santos
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anael Barberan-Garcia
- University of Barcelona, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pere Vall-Casas
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Robert Rodriguez-Roisín
- University of Barcelona, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Assavanopakun P, Sapbamrer R, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Effects of air pollution on telomere length: Evidence from in vitro to clinical studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120096. [PMID: 36067971 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution remains the major environmental problem globally. There is extensive evidence showing that the variety of air pollutants from environmental and occupational exposures cause adverse effects to our health. The clinical symptoms of those effects may present at a late stage, so surveillance is difficult to manage. Several biomarkers have been used for the early detection of health issues following exposure to air pollution, including the use of telomere length which indicates cellular senescence in response to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is one of the most plausible mechanisms associated with exposure to air pollutants. Some specific contexts including age groups, gender, ethnicity, occupations, and health conditions, showed significant alterations in telomere length after exposure to air pollutants. Several reports demonstrated both negative and positive associations between telomere length and air pollution, the studies using different concentrations and exposure times to air pollution on the study of telomere lengths. Surprisingly, some studies reported that low levels of exposure to air pollutants (lower than regulated levels) caused the alterations in telomere length. Those findings suggest that telomere length could be one of most practical biomarkers in air pollution surveillance. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize and discuss the relationship between telomere length and exposure to air pollution. The knowledge from this review will be beneficial for the planning of public health to reduce health problems in the general population, particularly in vulnerable people, who still live in areas with high air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pheerasak Assavanopakun
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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19
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Kaul B, Lee JS, Glidden DV, Blanc PD, Zhang N, Collard HR, Whooley MA. Agent Orange Exposure and Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis among U.S. Veterans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:750-757. [PMID: 35559726 PMCID: PMC9799114 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202112-2724oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: There is limited literature exploring the relationship between military exposures and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Objectives: To evaluate whether exposure to Agent Orange is associated with an increased risk of IPF among veterans. Methods: We used Veterans Health Administration data to identify patients diagnosed with IPF between 2010 and 2019. We restricted the cohort to male Vietnam veterans and performed multivariate logistic regression to examine the association between presumptive Agent Orange exposure and IPF. We conducted sensitivity analyses restricting the cohort to army veterans (highest theoretical burden of exposure, surrogate for dose response) and a more specific case definition of IPF. Fine-Gray competing risk models were used to evaluate age to IPF diagnosis. Measurements and Main Results: Among 3.6 million male Vietnam veterans, 948,103 (26%) had presumptive Agent Orange exposure. IPF occurred in 2.2% of veterans with Agent Orange exposure versus 1.9% without exposure (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.16; P < 0.001). The relationship persisted after adjusting for known IPF risk factors (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.06-1.10; P < 0.001). The attributable risk among exposed veterans was 7% (95% CI, 5.3-8.7%; P < 0.001). Numerically greater risk was observed when restricting the cohort to 1) Vietnam veterans who served in the army and 2) a more specific definition of IPF. After accounting for the competing risk of death, veterans with Agent Orange exposure were still more likely to develop IPF. Conclusions: Presumptive Agent Orange exposure is associated with greater risk of IPF. Future research should validate this association and investigate the biological mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavika Kaul
- Department of Medicine and
- Measurement Science Quality Enhancement Research Initiative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Joyce S. Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David V. Glidden
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ning Zhang
- Measurement Science Quality Enhancement Research Initiative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, California; and
| | | | - Mary A. Whooley
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Measurement Science Quality Enhancement Research Initiative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, California; and
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20
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Lee CT, Feary J, Johannson KA. Environmental and occupational exposures in interstitial lung disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2022; 28:414-420. [PMID: 35838370 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We highlight recent advances in the understanding of how environmental and occupational exposures increase the risk of developing interstitial lung disease (ILD), and how to evaluate a patient for potential exposures. RECENT FINDINGS A review of emerging literature suggests that environmental and occupational exposures can be directly causal, as in the case of the pneumoconioses and smoking-related ILDs, or one of many contributors to disease, as in the case of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Regardless of the level of association, exposures are clearly prevalent across all ILD subtypes studied. SUMMARY Inhalational exposures are increasingly recognized as an important component in the development of ILDs, and novel exposure-disease associations continue to be discovered. These exposures represent potential opportunities for further understanding the pathobiology of disease and for the prevention of these often progressive and debilitating disorders. Prospective, comprehensive data collection regarding occupational and environmental exposures are needed in ILD patients to fully elucidate specific antigens and their relationships to disease incidence and outcomes. Systematically collected exposure information will also inform potential interventions to remediate exposures and thus mitigate the course of frequently progressive and fatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn T Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Johanna Feary
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kerri A Johannson
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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21
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Marzec JM, Nadadur SS. Inflammation resolution in environmental pulmonary health and morbidity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116070. [PMID: 35618031 PMCID: PMC9872158 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and resolution are dynamic processes comprised of inflammatory activation and neutrophil influx, followed by mediator catabolism and efferocytosis. These critical pathways ensure a return to homeostasis and promote repair. Over the past decade research has shown that diverse mediators play a role in the active process of resolution. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), biosynthesized from fatty acids, are released during inflammation to facilitate resolution and are deficient in a variety of lung disorders. Failed resolution results in remodeling and cellular deposition through pro-fibrotic myofibroblast expansion that irreversibly narrows the airways and worsens lung function. Recent studies indicate environmental exposures may perturb and deregulate critical resolution pathways. Environmental xenobiotics induce lung inflammation and generate reactive metabolites that promote oxidative stress, injuring the respiratory mucosa and impairing gas-exchange. This warrants recognition of xenobiotic associated molecular patterns (XAMPs) as new signals in the field of inflammation biology, as many environmental chemicals generate free radicals capable of initiating the inflammatory response. Recent studies suggest that unresolved, persistent inflammation impacts both resolution pathways and endogenous regulatory mediators, compromising lung function, which over time can progress to chronic lung disease. Chronic ozone (O3) exposure overwhelms successful resolution, and in susceptible individuals promotes asthma onset. The industrial contaminant cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulates in the lung to impair resolution, and recurrent inflammation can result in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Persistent particulate matter (PM) exposure increases systemic cardiopulmonary inflammation, which reduces lung function and can exacerbate asthma, COPD, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While recurrent inflammation underlies environmentally induced pulmonary morbidity and may drive the disease process, our understanding of inflammation resolution in this context is limited. This review aims to explore inflammation resolution biology and its role in chronic environmental lung disease(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui M Marzec
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Srikanth S Nadadur
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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22
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Long L, Tian J, Xie X, Li F, Xu S. Role of air pollution in systemic lupus erythematosus. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:967-972. [PMID: 36039595 PMCID: PMC10930282 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that can affect almost every organ in the human body. The etiology and pathogenesis are unclear. Recent studies have shown that pathogenesis and development of SLE result from the interaction between various internal and external factors. Current studies suggest that air pollution may increase the risk of SLE through multiple mechanisms such as inducing immune disorders, causing epigenetic changes, and inducing oxidative stress. Air pollution has a certain relationship with pulmonary interstitial lesions, lupus nephritis, decreased reproductive function and other system damages in SLE patients, and it is related to the occurrence and clinical outcomes of SLE. Air pollution has a potential role in the occurrence and development of SLE, providing a brand-new view on the early prevention and control of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxin Long
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xi Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Suqing Xu
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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Liang L, Cai Y, Lyu B, Zhang D, Chu S, Jing H, Rahimi K, Tong Z. Air pollution and hospitalization of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Beijing: a time-series study. Respir Res 2022; 23:81. [PMID: 35382829 PMCID: PMC8985349 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A small number of studies suggested that air pollution was associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) exacerbation, incidence and mortality. However, no studies to date were conducted in regions where air pollution is substantial. We aimed to investigate whether there are associations between acute increases in air pollution and hospitalization of patients with a confirmed primary diagnosis of IPF in Beijing. Methods Daily count of IPF hospitalizations (International Classification of Disease-10th Revision, J84.1) was obtained from an administrative database for 2013–2017 while daily city-wide average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, Ozone, SO2 were obtained from 35 municipal monitoring stations for the same period. The association between daily IPF hospitalization and average concentration of each pollutant was analyzed with a generalized additive model estimating Poisson distribution. Results Daily 24-h mean PM2.5 concentration during 2013–2017 was 76.7 μg/m3. The relative risk (RR) of IPF hospitalization per interquartile range (IQR) higher (72 μg/m3) in PM2.5 was 1.049 (95% CI 1.024–1.074) and 1.031 (95% CI 1.007–1.056) for lag0 and moving averages 0–1 days respectively. No significant associations were observed for other lags. Statistically significant positive associations were also observed at lag0 with SO2, Ozone and NO2 (in men only). Positive associations were seen at moving averages 0–30 days for PM10 (RR per 86 μg/m3: 1.021, 95% CI 0.994–1.049), NO2 (RR per 30 μg/m3: 1.029, 95% CI 0.999–1.060), and SO2 (RR per 15 μg/m3: 1.060 (95% CI 1.025–1.097), but not with PM2.5 or Ozone. Conclusions Despite improvement in air quality since the implementation of clean air policy in 2013, acute exposure to higher levels of air pollution is significantly associated with IPF hospitalization in Beijing. Air quality policy should be continuously enforced to protect vulnerable IPF populations as well as the general public. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01998-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Cai
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Baolei Lyu
- Huayun Sounding Meteorology Technology Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuilian Chu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Jing
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kazem Rahimi
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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24
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Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040164. [PMID: 35448425 PMCID: PMC9028025 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, beta-amyloid, α-synuclein and TDP-43 neuropathology and metal solid nanoparticles (NPs) are documented in the brains of children and young adults exposed to Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) pollution. We investigated environmental NPs reaching noradrenergic and dopaminergic nuclei and the cerebellum and their associated ultrastructural alterations. Here, we identify NPs in the locus coeruleus (LC), substantia nigrae (SN) and cerebellum by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in 197 samples from 179 MMC residents, aged 25.9 ± 9.2 years and seven older adults aged 63 ± 14.5 years. Fe, Ti, Hg, W, Al and Zn spherical and acicular NPs were identified in the SN, LC and cerebellar neural and vascular mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, neuromelanin, heterochromatin and nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) along with early and progressive neurovascular damage and cerebellar endothelial erythrophagocytosis. Strikingly, FeNPs 4 ± 1 nm and Hg NPs 8 ± 2 nm were seen predominantly in the LC and SN. Nanoparticles could serve as a common denominator for misfolded proteins and could play a role in altering and obstructing NPCs. The NPs/carbon monoxide correlation is potentially useful for evaluating early neurodegeneration risk in urbanites. Early life NP exposures pose high risk to brains for development of lethal neurologic outcomes. NP emissions sources ought to be clearly recognized, regulated, and monitored; future generations are at stake.
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Abstract
The use of electronic (e)-cigarettes was initially considered a beneficial solution to conventional cigarette smoking cessation. However, paradoxically, e-cigarette use is rapidly growing among nonsmokers, including youth and young adults. In 2019, this rapid growth resulted in an epidemic of hospitalizations and deaths of e-cigarette users (vapers) due to acute lung injury; this novel disease was termed e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Pathophysiologic mechanisms of EVALI likely involve cytotoxicity and neutrophilic inflammation caused by inhaled chemicals, but further details remain unknown. The undiscovered mechanisms of EVALI are a barrier to identifying biomarkers and developing therapeutics. Furthermore, adverse effects of e-cigarette use have been linked to chronic lung diseases and systemic effects on multiple organs. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the diverse spectrum of vaping exposures, epidemiological and clinical reports, and experimental findings to provide a better understanding of EVALI and the adverse health effects of chronic e-cigarette exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; .,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Sarmadi M, Rahimi S, Rezaei M, Sanaei D, Dianatinasab M. Air quality index variation before and after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive study on 87 capital, industrial and polluted cities of the world. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2021; 33:134. [PMID: 34900511 PMCID: PMC8645297 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-021-00575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provided an opportunity for the environment to reduce ambient pollution despite the economic, social and health disruption to the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the air quality indexes (AQI) in industrial, densely populated and capital cities in different countries of the world before and after 2020. In this ecological study, we used AQI obtained from the free available databases such as the World Air Quality Index (WAQI). Bivariate correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between meteorological and AQI variables. Mean differences (standard deviation: SD) of AQI parameters of different years were tested using paired-sample t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test as appropriate. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to recognize meteorological variables affecting the AQI parameters. RESULTS AQI-PM2.5, AQI-PM10 and AQI-NO2 changes were significantly higher before and after 2020, simultaneously with COVID-19 restrictions in different cities of the world. The overall changes of AQI-PM2.5, AQI-PM10 and AQI-NO2 in 2020 were - 7.36%, - 17.52% and - 20.54% compared to 2019. On the other hand, these results became reversed in 2021 (+ 4.25%, + 9.08% and + 7.48%). In general, the temperature and relative humidity were inversely correlated with AQI-PM2.5, AQI-PM10 and AQI-NO2. Also, after adjusting for other meteorological factors, the relative humidity was inversely associated with AQI-PM2.5, AQI-PM10 and AQI-NO2 (β = - 1.55, β = - 0.88 and β = - 0.10, P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that air quality generally improved for all pollutants except carbon monoxide and ozone in 2020; however, changes in 2021 have been reversed, which may be due to the reduction of some countries' restrictions. Although this quality improvement was temporary, it is an important result for planning to control environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sarmadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Sajjad Rahimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mina Rezaei
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Daryoush Sanaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Dianatinasab
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Huang Z, Peng X, Peng C, Huang J, Bo M, Yao C, Li J. Detecting Air Pollutant Molecules Using Tube-Shaped Single Electron Transistor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237098. [PMID: 34885680 PMCID: PMC8658781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An air pollution detector is proposed based on a tube-shaped single-electron transistor (SET) sensor. By monitoring the flow control component of the detector, each air pollutant molecule can be placed at the center of a SET nanopore and is treated as an island of the SET device in the same framework. Electron transport in the SET was incoherent, and the performances of the SET were sensitive at the single molecule level. Employing first-principles calculations, electronic features of an air pollutant molecule within a tube-shaped SET environment were found to be independent of the molecule rotational orientations with respect to axis of symmetry, unlike the electronic features in a conventional SET environment. Charge stability diagrams of the island molecules were demonstrated to be distinct for each molecule, and thus they can serve as electronic fingerprints for detection. Using the same setup, quantification of the air pollutant can be realized at room temperature as well. The results presented herein may help provide guidance for the identification and quantification of various types of air pollutants at the molecular level by treating the molecule as the island of the SET component in the proposed detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkai Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials of Chongqing, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Xiangyang Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Correspondence: (X.P.); (C.P.); (J.H.)
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials of Chongqing, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
- Correspondence: (X.P.); (C.P.); (J.H.)
| | - Jin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
- Correspondence: (X.P.); (C.P.); (J.H.)
| | - Maolin Bo
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (M.B.); (C.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Chuang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (M.B.); (C.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Jibiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (M.B.); (C.Y.); (J.L.)
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28
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Dominski FH, Lorenzetti Branco JH, Buonanno G, Stabile L, Gameiro da Silva M, Andrade A. Effects of air pollution on health: A mapping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111487. [PMID: 34116013 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a notable increase in knowledge production on air pollution and human health. OBJECTIVE To analyze the state of the art on the effects of air pollution on human health through a mapping review of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRs and MAs). METHODS The systematic mapping review was based on the recommendations for this type of scientific approach in environmental sciences. The search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cinahl, and Cochrane Library databases, from their inception through June 2020. RESULTS Among 3401 studies screened, 240 SRs and MAs satisfied the inclusion criteria. Five research questions were answered. There has been an overall progressive increase in publications since 2014. The majority of the SRs and MAs were carried out by researchers from institutions in China, the US, the UK, and Italy. Most studies performed a meta-analysis (161). In general, the reviews support the association of air pollution and health outcomes, and analyzed the effects of outdoor air pollution. The most commonly investigated health outcome type was the respiratory (mainly asthma and COPD), followed by cardiovascular outcomes (mainly stroke). Particulate matter (with a diameter of 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10) or less) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were the most widely investigated pollutants in the reviews. The general population was the most common sample in the reviews, followed by children, and adults. The majority of the reviews investigated health outcomes of respiratory diseases in children, as well as cardiovascular diseases in all ages. Combining health outcomes and air pollutants, PM2.5 was included in a higher number of reviews in eight health outcomes, mainly cardiovascular diseases. DISCUSSION The majority of SRs and MAs showed that air pollution has harmful effects on health, with a focus on respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. Future studies should extend the analysis to psychological and social aspects influenced by air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Hech Dominski
- Laboratory of Sport and Exercise Psychology (Lape) - College of Health and Sport Science of the Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Henrique Lorenzetti Branco
- Laboratory of Sport and Exercise Psychology (Lape) - College of Health and Sport Science of the Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Giorgio Buonanno
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - Luca Stabile
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | | | - Alexandro Andrade
- Laboratory of Sport and Exercise Psychology (Lape) - College of Health and Sport Science of the Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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29
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Mukherjee S, Dasgupta S, Mishra PK, Chaudhury K. Air pollution-induced epigenetic changes: disease development and a possible link with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55981-56002. [PMID: 34498177 PMCID: PMC8425320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious threat to our health and has become one of the major causes of many diseases including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. The association between air pollution and various diseases has long been a topic of research interest. However, it remains unclear how air pollution actually impacts health by modulating several important cellular functions. Recently, some evidence has emerged about air pollution-induced epigenetic changes, which are linked with the etiology of various human diseases. Among several epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation represents the most prominent epigenetic alteration underlying the air pollution-induced pathogenic mechanism. Several other types of epigenetic changes, such as histone modifications, miRNA, and non-coding RNA expression, have also been found to have been linked with air pollution. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), one of the most prevalent forms of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), is triggered by the inhalation of certain organic and inorganic substances. HP is characterized by inflammation in the tissues around the lungs' airways and may lead to irreversible lung scarring over time. This review, in addition to other diseases, attempts to understand whether certain pollutants influence HP development through such epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranjana Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Sanjukta Dasgupta
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462030, India
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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30
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Tomos I, Dimakopoulou K, Manali ED, Papiris SA, Karakatsani A. Long-term personal air pollution exposure and risk for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Environ Health 2021; 20:99. [PMID: 34461906 PMCID: PMC8406600 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban air pollution is involved in the progress of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Its potential role on the devastating event of Acute Exacerbation of IPF (AE-IPF) needs to be clarified. This study examined the association between long-term personal air pollution exposure and AE- IPF risk taking into consideration inflammatory mediators and telomere length (TL). METHODS All consecutive IPF-patients referred to our Hospital from October 2013-June 2019 were included. AE-IPF events were recorded and inflammatory mediators and TL measured. Long-term personal air pollution exposures were assigned to each patient retrospectively, for O3, NO2, PM2.5 [and PM10, based on geo-coded residential addresses. Logistic regression models assessed the association of air pollutants' levels with AE-IPF and inflammatory mediators adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS 118 IPF patients (mean age 72 ± 8.3 years) were analyzed. We detected positive significant associations between AE-IPF and a 10 μg/m3 increase in previous-year mean level of NO2 (OR = 1.52, 95%CI:1.15-2.0, p = 0.003), PM2.5 (OR = 2.21, 95%CI:1.16-4.20, p = 0.016) and PM10 (OR = 2.18, 95%CI:1.15-4.15, p = 0.017) independent of age, gender, smoking, lung function and antifibrotic treatment. Introduction of TL in all models of a subgroup of 36 patients did not change the direction of the observed associations. Finally, O3 was positively associated with %change of IL-4 (p = 0.014) whilst PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 were inversely associated with %changes of IL-4 (p = 0.003, p = 0.003, p = 0.032) and osteopontin (p = 0.013, p = 0.013, p = 0.085) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Long-term personal exposure to increased concentrations of air pollutants is an independent risk factor of AE-IPF. Inflammatory mediators implicated in lung repair mechanisms are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tomos
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, “ATTIKON” University Hospital, 1, Rimini street, 12462 Haidari, Greece
| | - Konstantina Dimakopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Effrosyni D. Manali
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, “ATTIKON” University Hospital, 1, Rimini street, 12462 Haidari, Greece
| | - Spyros A. Papiris
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, “ATTIKON” University Hospital, 1, Rimini street, 12462 Haidari, Greece
| | - Anna Karakatsani
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, “ATTIKON” University Hospital, 1, Rimini street, 12462 Haidari, Greece
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31
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Sesé L, Annesi-Maesano I, Cavalin C, Nunes H. Air pollution and poverty: a deadly mix in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.01714-2021. [PMID: 34385277 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01714-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Sesé
- AP-HP, Service de Physiologie, Hôpital Avicenne - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM 1272, «Hypoxie et Poumon: pneumopathies fibrosantes, modulations ventilatoires et circulatoires» Bobigny, France .,Centre de référence des maladies pulmonaires rares (site constitutif), AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Avicenne - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM 1272, «Hypoxie et Poumon: pneumopathies fibrosantes, modulations ventilatoires et circulatoires» Bobigny, France.,EPAR, IPLESP UMR-S 1136, INSERM et Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- INSERM and Montpellier University, Institute Desbrest of Epidemiology and Public Health, IDESP, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Cavalin
- Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en sciences sociales (IRISSO, UMR CNRS-INRA 7170-1427), Paris-Dauphine Université, PSL - Paris, France.,Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d'évaluation des politiques publiques de Sciences Po (LIEPP), Sciences Po, Paris, France.,Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail (CEET, CNAM), Noisy-le-Grand, France
| | - Hilario Nunes
- Centre de référence des maladies pulmonaires rares (site constitutif), AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Avicenne - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM 1272, «Hypoxie et Poumon: pneumopathies fibrosantes, modulations ventilatoires et circulatoires» Bobigny, France
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32
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Thabethe NDL, Voyi K, Wichmann J. Association between ambient air pollution and cause-specific mortality in Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg, South Africa: any susceptible groups? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42868-42876. [PMID: 33825108 PMCID: PMC8354869 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13778-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies have confirmed that adverse human health effects that are associated with exposure to air pollution may differ depending on other factors such as age, gender, environmental conditions, and socio-economic factors. This study was conducted to assess the association between ambient air pollution and cause-specific mortality in the three big cities in South Africa and to determine the susceptible groups thereof. Cause-specific mortality data for all ages and PM10, NO2, and SO2 in Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg for the period from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 were obtained. Statistical analyses were done to estimate the associations between air pollutants and cause-specific mortality. Susceptibility was therefore investigated in stratified analyses by sex and age (≥60 years) and environmental conditions (heat and cold) followed by models with interaction terms. Our estimates showed independent associations between these air pollutants, environmental conditions, and susceptible groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomsa Duduzile Lina Thabethe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, 28 Pioneer Street, Florida, 1709, South Africa.
| | - Kuku Voyi
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 667, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Janine Wichmann
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 667, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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33
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5527-5542. [PMID: 34145462 PMCID: PMC8212897 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases take a very heavy toll in terms of morbidity and mortality equal to or even greater than that caused by metastatic cancer. In this review, we examine the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases, mainly addressing triggers for induction, processes that lead to progression, therapies and therapeutic trials. For the most part, we have focused on two fibrotic diseases with lung involvement, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, in which the contribution of inflammatory mechanisms may be secondary to non-immune triggers, and systemic sclerosis in which the contribution of adaptive immunity may be predominant.
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Tobacco Smoking and Risk for Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Prospective Cohort Study From the UK Biobank. Chest 2021; 160:983-993. [PMID: 33905677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease of unknown origin. A limited number of small studies show an effect of tobacco smoking on risk of IPF, but second-hand smoking has not been examined. RESEARCH QUESTION Are smoking-related exposures associated with risk of IPF and does interaction between them exist? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We designed a prospective cohort study using UK Biobank data, including 437,453 nonrelated men and women of White ethnic background (40-69 years of age at baseline). We assessed the effect of tobacco smoking-related exposures on risk for IPF using Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, Townsend deprivation index, and home area population density. We also examined potential additive and multiplicative interaction between these exposures. Multiple imputation with chained equations was used to address missing data. RESULTS We identified 802 incident IPF cases. We showed an association between smoking status (hazard ratio [HR], 2.12; 95% CI, 1.81-2.47), and maternal smoking (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.18-1.62) with risk of IPF. In ever smokers, a dose-response relationship was observed between pack-years of smoking and risk of IPF (HR per 1-pack-year increase, 1.013; 95% CI, 1.009-1.016). Furthermore, an additive and multiplicative interaction was observed between maternal smoking and smoking status, with a relative excess risk due to interaction of 1.00 (95% CI, 0.45-1.54) and a ratio of HRs of 1.50 (95% CI, 1.05-2.14). INTERPRETATION Active and maternal tobacco smoking have an independent detrimental effect on risk of IPF and work synergistically. Also, intensity of smoking presents a dose-response association with IPF, strengthening the hypothesis for a potentially causal association.
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Bălă GP, Râjnoveanu RM, Tudorache E, Motișan R, Oancea C. Air pollution exposure-the (in)visible risk factor for respiratory diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:19615-19628. [PMID: 33660184 PMCID: PMC8099844 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution as one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Nine of 10 individuals breathe air with polluted compounds that have a great impact on lung tissue. The nature of the relationship is complex, and new or updated data are constantly being reported in the literature. The goal of our review was to summarize the most important air pollutants and their impact on the main respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory infections, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis) to reduce both short- and the long-term exposure consequences. We considered the most important air pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, ozone, particulate matter and biomass smoke, and observed their impact on pulmonary pathologies. We focused on respiratory pathologies, because air pollution potentiates the increase in respiratory diseases, and the evidence that air pollutants have a detrimental effect is growing. It is imperative to constantly improve policy initiatives on air quality in both high- and low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel-Petrică Bălă
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeș", P-ța Eftimie Murgu nr.2, Timișoara, 300041, Timiș, Romania
| | | | - Emanuela Tudorache
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeș", P-ța Eftimie Murgu nr.2, Timișoara, 300041, Timiș, Romania
| | | | - Cristian Oancea
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeș", P-ța Eftimie Murgu nr.2, Timișoara, 300041, Timiș, Romania
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Singh N, Singh S. Interstitial Lung Diseases and Air Pollution: Narrative Review of Literature. Pulm Ther 2021; 7:89-100. [PMID: 33689161 PMCID: PMC7943709 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-021-00148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has been associated with respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung malignancies. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze the current data on the possible association between air pollution and interstitial lung disease (ILD). There are multiple studies showing the association of ILD with air pollution but the mechanism remains unclear. Although some of the environmental factors have been associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), and pneumoconiosis, data about other ILDs are scarce and not well known. Air pollution as an etiology for ILD may act in multiple ways, leading to disease pathogenesis or exacerbation of underlying ILD. Clinical implications of this association are manifold; limiting the exposure to poor-quality air could possibly reduce the fall in lung functions and the risk of acute exacerbations of the underlying ILD. Air pollution is a major problem worldwide. Pollutants are vented out in the ambient air by sources like vehicular fume exhaust, factory pollution, combustion by burning of biomass fuels, and indoor pollution. The probable constituents responsible for respiratory diseases are particulate matter 2.5 and 10, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone present in polluted air. The role of these pollutants in pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is complex. The probable pathways include: oxidative stress, inflammation, and telomere shortening. ILD is a heterogeneous group of diseases, and the effect of pollution on various types is also varied. Air pollution has been associated with poor lung function and exacerbations in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), increased prevalence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), and presence of pulmonary fibrosis in healthy adults and children. The incidence rate of IPF has also been associated with pollutant levels such as NO2. Thus, patients with ILD should be cautious during bad-quality air days and they are advised to avoid outdoor activities and use facemasks during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Singh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Asthma Bhawan, Jaipur, India
| | - Sheetu Singh
- Department of Chest and Tuberculosis, Institute of Respiratory Disease, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India.
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Chen HH, Yong YM, Lin CH, Chen YH, Chen DY, Ying JC, Chao WC. Air pollutants and development of interstitial lung disease in patients with connective tissue disease: a population-based case-control study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041405. [PMID: 33372076 PMCID: PMC7772291 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the association between air pollutant exposure and interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). SETTING A nationwide, population-based, matched case-control study in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS Using the 1997-2013 Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified patients with newly diagnosed CTD during 2001-2013, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), dermatomyositis (DMtis)/polymyositis (PM) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Patients with newly diagnosed ILD during 2012-2013 were identified as ILD cases, and selected patients with CTD without ILD matching (1:4) the CTD cases for CTD diagnosis, age, gender, disease duration and year of ILD diagnosis date were identified as non-ILD controls. Data of hourly level of air pollutants 1 year before the index date were obtained from the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency. The association between ILD and air pollutant exposure was evaluated using logistic regression analysis shown as adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95% CIs after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS We identified 505 newly diagnosed CTD-ILD patients, including 82 with SLE, 210 with RA, 47 with SSc, 44 with DMtis/PM and 122 with pSS. Ozone (O3) exposure (per 10 ppb) was associated with a decreased ILD risk in patients with CTD (aOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.79) after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS A previously unrecognised inverse correlation was found between O3 exposure and ILD in patients with RA and SSc. Further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hua Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, UK
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Ming Yong
- Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, UK
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ching Ying
- Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Chao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Cattani-Cavalieri I, da Maia Valença H, Moraes JA, Brito-Gitirana L, Romana-Souza B, Schmidt M, Valença SS. Dimethyl Fumarate Attenuates Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Chronic Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Particles in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249658. [PMID: 33352854 PMCID: PMC7767202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is mainly caused by burning of fossil fuels, such as diesel, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to adverse health effects induced by inflammation and oxidative stress. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a fumaric acid ester and acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. We investigated the potential therapeutic effects of DMF on pulmonary damage caused by chronic exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). Mice were challenged with DEPs (30 μg per mice) by intranasal instillation for 60 consecutive days. After the first 30 days, the animals were treated daily with 30 mg/kg of DMF by gavage for the remainder of the experimental period. We demonstrated a reduction in total inflammatory cell number in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of mice subjected to DEP + DMF as compared to those exposed to DEPs alone. Importantly, DMF treatment was able to reduce lung injury caused by DEP exposure. Intracellular total reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite (OONO), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were significantly lower in the DEP + DMF than in the DEP group. In addition, DMF treatment reduced the protein expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1) in lung lysates from DEP-exposed mice, whereas total nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 expression was decreased below baseline in the DEP + DMF group compared to both the control and DEP groups. Lastly, DMF markedly reduced DEP-induced expression of nitrotyrosine, glutathione peroxidase-1/2 (Gpx-1/2), and catalase in mouse lungs. In summary, DMF treatment effectively reduced lung injury, inflammation, and oxidative and nitrosative stress induced by chronic DEP exposure. Consequently, it may lead to new therapies to diminish lung injury caused by air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Cattani-Cavalieri
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil; (I.C.-C.); (H.d.M.V.); (J.A.M.); (L.B.-G.); (S.S.V.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Helber da Maia Valença
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil; (I.C.-C.); (H.d.M.V.); (J.A.M.); (L.B.-G.); (S.S.V.)
| | - João Alfredo Moraes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil; (I.C.-C.); (H.d.M.V.); (J.A.M.); (L.B.-G.); (S.S.V.)
| | - Lycia Brito-Gitirana
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil; (I.C.-C.); (H.d.M.V.); (J.A.M.); (L.B.-G.); (S.S.V.)
| | - Bruna Romana-Souza
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20943-000, Brazil;
| | - Martina Schmidt
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-50-363-3322
| | - Samuel Santos Valença
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil; (I.C.-C.); (H.d.M.V.); (J.A.M.); (L.B.-G.); (S.S.V.)
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Edwards S, Zhao G, Tran J, Patten KT, Valenzuela A, Wallis C, Bein KJ, Wexler AS, Lein PJ, Rao X. Pathological Cardiopulmonary Evaluation of Rats Chronically Exposed to Traffic-Related Air Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:127003. [PMID: 33275451 PMCID: PMC7717845 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is made up of complex mixtures of particulate matter, gases and volatile compounds. However, the effects of TRAP on the cardiopulmonary system in most animal studies have been tested using acute exposure to singular pollutants. The cardiopulmonary effects and molecular mechanisms in animals that are chronically exposed to unmodified air pollution as a whole have yet to be studied. Additionally, sex-dependent toxicity of TRAP exposure has rarely been evaluated. OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess the cardiopulmonary effect of chronic exposure to unmodified, real-world TRAP in both female and male rats. METHODS Four-week-old male and female rats were exposed to TRAP or filtered air for 14 months in a novel facility drawing air from a major freeway tunnel system in Northern California. Inflammation and oxidative stress markers were examined in the lung, heart, spleen, and plasma, and TRAP deposits were quantified in the lungs of both male and female rats. RESULTS Elemental analysis showed higher levels of eight elements in the female lungs and one element in the male lungs. Expression of genes related to fibrosis, aging, oxidative stress, and inflammation were higher in the rat hearts exposed to TRAP, with female rats being more susceptible than males. Enhanced collagen accumulation was found only in the TRAP-exposed female hearts. Plasma cytokine secretion was higher in both female and male rats, but inflammatory macrophages were higher only in TRAP-exposed male spleens. DISCUSSION Our results in rats suggest pathological consequences from chronic TRAP exposure, including sex differences indicating females may be more susceptible to TRAP-induced cardiac fibrosis. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7045.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Edwards
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gang Zhao
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Joanne Tran
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- University of Portland, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelley T. Patten
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anthony Valenzuela
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christopher Wallis
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Keith J. Bein
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anthony S. Wexler
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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Abstract
Globally, exposure to ambient air pollutants is responsible for premature mortality and is implicated in the development and exacerbation of several acute and chronic lung disease across all ages. In this article, we discuss the source apportionment of ambient pollutants and the respiratory health effects in humans. We specifically discuss the evidence supporting ambient pollution in the development of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute exacerbations of each condition. Practical advice is given to health care providers in how to promote a healthy environment and advise patients with chronic conditions to avoid unsafe air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Adamkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jahred Liddie
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan M Gaffin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Impact of Air Pollution and Weather on Dry Eye. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113740. [PMID: 33233863 PMCID: PMC7699870 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has broad effects on human health involving many organ systems. The ocular surface is an excellent model with which to study the effects of air pollution on human health as it is in constant contact with the environment, and it is directly accessible, facilitating disease monitoring. Effects of air pollutants on the ocular surface typically manifest as dry eye (DE) symptoms and signs. In this review, we break down air pollution into particulate matter (organic and inorganic) and gaseous compounds and summarize the literature regarding effects of various exposures on DE. Additionally, we examine the effects of weather (relative humidity, temperature) on DE symptoms and signs. To do so, we conducted a PubMed search using key terms to summarize the existing literature on the effects of air pollution and weather on DE. While we tried to focus on the effect of specific exposures on specific aspects of DE, environmental conditions are often studied concomitantly, and thus, there are unavoidable interactions between our variables of interest. Overall, we found that air pollution and weather conditions have differential adverse effects on DE symptoms and signs. We discuss these findings and potential mitigation strategies, such as air purifiers, air humidifiers, and plants, that may be instituted as treatments at an individual level to address environmental contributors to DE.
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The role of xenobiotics in triggering psoriasis. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3959-3982. [PMID: 32833044 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease affecting approximately 2% of the world population. A complex interplay of genetic predisposition and risk factors contributes to the risk of its onset. Several xenobiotics have been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Drugs are among the most investigated trigger factors; strong association with disease induction or exacerbation has been reported for β-blockers, lithium, NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors, all of which are commonly used in the management of various comorbidities in psoriasis patients. Furthermore, inhibitors of TNF have a well-documented potential for triggering new-onset psoriasis when used for other indications (e.g. Crohn's disease or rheumatoid arthritis), while post-marketing data have revealed the same association for ustekinumab. Several other drugs have been connected with psoriasis, but the evidence is less compelling. Smoking and alcohol have been reported to increase the risk for occurrence of psoriasis, but can also affect unfavorably the course of the disease and its response to treatment. Furthermore, exposure to secondhand smoke, especially in childhood, also mediates the risk. Emerging data now suggest that air pollution also has a detrimental effect on skin disease, including psoriasis, but this association needs further investigation. Understanding of the toxic effect of xenobiotics on the initiation and clinical course of psoriasis can contribute to its better control, as it can help with the avoidance of triggering factors and, in some cases, influence the success of pharmacological treatment. It, therefore, has an important place in the comprehensive management of psoriasis.
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Sack CS, Johannson KA. From the 10,000-foot View, We Need Ground-Level Data on Air Pollution and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Chest 2020; 158:446-448. [PMID: 32768059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Coralynn S Sack
- Departments of Medicine & Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kerri A Johannson
- Departments of Medicine & Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Sesé L, Jeny F, Uzunhan Y, Khamis W, Freynet O, Valeyre D, Bernaudin JF, Annesi-Maesano I, Nunes H. [The effect of air pollution in diffuse interstitial lung disease]. Rev Mal Respir 2020; 37:389-398. [PMID: 32278507 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the effects of air pollution in diffuse interstitial lung disease and they have focused on small numbers of patients. Most data are available in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and studies suggest that the level of exposure to pollutants may influence the development of acute exacerbations (ozone and NO2), their incidence (NO2), decline in respiratory function (PM10) and death (PM10 and PM2.5). Several studies show an increase in the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in people living near busy roads. In systemic scleroderma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and sarcoidosis although negative effects of pollution have been reported the data are insufficient to be conclusive. Nevertheless, the observed effects of air pollution are consistent with those described for other chronic respiratory diseases. Exposure to pollution induces oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and shortening of telomeres, which are all mechanisms described in fibrogenesis. New epidemiological studies are needed with individual measurements of exposure to outdoor and indoor pollution, as well as fundamental studies to clarify the effect of pollution on fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sesé
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France; EPAR, INSERM UMR-S 1136, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Service d'explorations fonctionnelles, AP-HP, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France.
| | - F Jeny
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France; INSERM 1272 « Réponses cellulaires et fonctionnelles à l'hypoxie », Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Y Uzunhan
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France; INSERM 1272 « Réponses cellulaires et fonctionnelles à l'hypoxie », Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - W Khamis
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - O Freynet
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - D Valeyre
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France; INSERM 1272 « Réponses cellulaires et fonctionnelles à l'hypoxie », Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - J-F Bernaudin
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France; INSERM 1272 « Réponses cellulaires et fonctionnelles à l'hypoxie », Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | | | - H Nunes
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France; INSERM 1272 « Réponses cellulaires et fonctionnelles à l'hypoxie », Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
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Jafri S, Ahmed N, Saifullah N, Musheer M. Epidemiology and Clinico-radiological features of Interstitial Lung Diseases. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:365-370. [PMID: 32292435 PMCID: PMC7150376 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.3.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The literature on interstitial lung diseases is limited. The aim of this research was to make this entity of diseases more understandable to clinicians and general population of the region of Pakistan. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 253 Pakistani subjects who are a part of the hospital-based registry of JPMC. We performed statistical analyses on SPSS version 22.0. We included patients above 15 years of age who exhibited clinical clues and radiological signs of ILD during March 2016 through February 2018 and excluded those who were on tuberculosis treatment, suspected to be suffering from post-infection bronchiectasis, expectant females or had failed to follow-up. Results: There was a 2:3 male to female ratio. Mean age was 49.0±13.2 years. Majority were non-smokers. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) was the commonest ILD (38.8%) followed by Non-Specific Interstitial Pneumonitis (NSIP) (15.1%). Most patients presented with dyspnea and dry cough and about half were clubbed (47.3%). Substantial IPF cases (52.6%) were suffering from GERD symptoms. Conclusion: IPF and NSIP were the major ILDs, GERD was the only predictor of IPF. This entity of lung diseases needs to be explored further to identify patterns of presentation and to make diagnosis at a manageable stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Jafri
- Saira Jafri, MBBS. FCPS (Pulmonology) trainee, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Ahmed
- Naseem Ahmed, MBBS, FCPS. Assistant Professor, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nausheen Saifullah
- Nausheen Saifullah, MBBS, FCPS. Associate Professor, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mehak Musheer
- Mehak Musheer, MBBS. House Officer, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
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Morgan V, Casso-Hartmann L, Bahamon-Pinzon D, McCourt K, Hjort RG, Bahramzadeh S, Velez-Torres I, McLamore E, Gomes C, Alocilja EC, Bhusal N, Shrestha S, Pote N, Briceno RK, Datta SPA, Vanegas DC. Sensor-as-a-Service: Convergence of Sensor Analytic Point Solutions (SNAPS) and Pay-A-Penny-Per-Use (PAPPU) Paradigm as a Catalyst for Democratization of Healthcare in Underserved Communities. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E22. [PMID: 31906350 PMCID: PMC7169468 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we discuss relevant socioeconomic factors for developing and implementing sensor analytic point solutions (SNAPS) as point-of-care tools to serve impoverished communities. The distinct economic, environmental, cultural, and ethical paradigms that affect economically disadvantaged users add complexity to the process of technology development and deployment beyond the science and engineering issues. We begin by contextualizing the environmental burden of disease in select low-income regions around the world, including environmental hazards at work, home, and the broader community environment, where SNAPS may be helpful in the prevention and mitigation of human exposure to harmful biological vectors and chemical agents. We offer examples of SNAPS designed for economically disadvantaged users, specifically for supporting decision-making in cases of tuberculosis (TB) infection and mercury exposure. We follow-up by discussing the economic challenges that are involved in the phased implementation of diagnostic tools in low-income markets and describe a micropayment-based systems-as-a-service approach (pay-a-penny-per-use-PAPPU), which may be catalytic for the adoption of low-end, low-margin, low-research, and the development SNAPS. Finally, we provide some insights into the social and ethical considerations for the assimilation of SNAPS to improve health outcomes in marginalized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Morgan
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (V.M.); (E.M.); (S.P.A.D.)
| | - Lisseth Casso-Hartmann
- Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760026, Colombia; (L.C.-H.); (I.V.-T.)
- Interdisciplinary Group for Biotechnological Innovation and Ecosocial Change BioNovo, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760026, Colombia
| | - David Bahamon-Pinzon
- Biosystems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; (D.B.-P.); (K.M.)
| | - Kelli McCourt
- Biosystems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; (D.B.-P.); (K.M.)
| | - Robert G. Hjort
- Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (R.G.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Sahar Bahramzadeh
- School of Computer Engineering, Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Saveh 11369, Iran;
| | - Irene Velez-Torres
- Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760026, Colombia; (L.C.-H.); (I.V.-T.)
- Interdisciplinary Group for Biotechnological Innovation and Ecosocial Change BioNovo, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760026, Colombia
| | - Eric McLamore
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (V.M.); (E.M.); (S.P.A.D.)
| | - Carmen Gomes
- Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (R.G.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Evangelyn C. Alocilja
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (E.C.A.); (N.B.)
- Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nirajan Bhusal
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (E.C.A.); (N.B.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University, Kavrepalanchok 45200, Nepal; (S.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Sunaina Shrestha
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University, Kavrepalanchok 45200, Nepal; (S.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Nisha Pote
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University, Kavrepalanchok 45200, Nepal; (S.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Ruben Kenny Briceno
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (E.C.A.); (N.B.)
- Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13100, Peru;
- Hospital Victor Lazarte Echegaray, Trujillo 13100, Peru
- Institute for Global Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shoumen Palit Austin Datta
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (V.M.); (E.M.); (S.P.A.D.)
- MIT Auto-ID Labs, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- MDPnP Interoperability and Cybersecurity Labs, Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- NSF Center for Robots and Sensors for Human Well-Being, Purdue University, 156 Knoy Hall, Purdue Polytechnic, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Diana C. Vanegas
- Interdisciplinary Group for Biotechnological Innovation and Ecosocial Change BioNovo, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760026, Colombia
- Biosystems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; (D.B.-P.); (K.M.)
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Activity-based air pollution exposure assessment: Differences between homemakers and cycling commuters. Health Place 2019; 60:102233. [PMID: 31675651 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-term air pollution exposure may lead to an increase in incidences and mortality rates of chronic diseases and adversely affect human health. The effects of long-term air pollution exposure have not been comprehensively studied due to the lack of human mobility data collected over a long period. In this study, we develop and apply a personal mobility model to long-term hourly air pollution concentration predictions to quantify personal long-term air pollution exposure for all individuals. We implement our model assuming mobility patterns for commuters and homemakers, and separate between weekdays and weekend. Our results show that NO2 exposure of commuters are on average slightly higher and vary less spatially as they are exposed to NO2 at multiple locations.
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Casas M. Air pollution exposure and interstitial lung diseases: have we identified all the harmful environmental exposures? Thorax 2019; 74:1013-1014. [PMID: 31615927 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rice MB, Li W, Schwartz J, Di Q, Kloog I, Koutrakis P, Gold DR, Hallowell RW, Zhang C, O'Connor G, Washko GR, Hunninghake GM, Mittleman MA. Ambient air pollution exposure and risk and progression of interstitial lung abnormalities: the Framingham Heart Study. Thorax 2019; 74:1063-1069. [PMID: 31391318 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution accelerates lung function decline among adults, however, there are limited data about its role in the development and progression of early stages of interstitial lung disease. AIMS To evaluate associations of long-term exposure to traffic and ambient pollutants with odds of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) and progression of ILA on repeated imaging. METHODS We ascertained ILA on chest CT obtained from 2618 Framingham participants from 2008 to 2011. Among 1846 participants who also completed a cardiac CT from 2002 to 2005, we determined interval ILA progression. We assigned distance from home address to major roadway, and the 5-year average of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), elemental carbon (EC, a traffic-related PM2.5 constituent) and ozone using spatio-temporal prediction models. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, packyears of smoking, household tobacco exposure, neighbourhood household value, primary occupation, cohort and date. RESULTS Among 2618 participants with a chest CT, 176 (6.7%) had ILA, 1361 (52.0%) had no ILA, and the remainder were indeterminate. Among 1846 with a preceding cardiac CT, 118 (6.4%) had ILA with interval progression. In adjusted logistic regression models, an IQR difference in 5-year EC exposure of 0.14 µg/m3 was associated with a 1.27 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.55) times greater odds of ILA, and a 1.33 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.76) times greater odds of ILA progression. PM2.5 and O3 were not associated with ILA or ILA progression. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to EC may increase risk of progressive ILA, however, associations with other measures of ambient pollution were inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Rice
- Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Environmental Health, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Di
- Environmental Health, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Environmental Health, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Environmental Health, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert W Hallowell
- Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George O'Connor
- Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George R Washko
- Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary M Hunninghake
- Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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50
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Cameli P, Carleo A, Bergantini L, Landi C, Prasse A, Bargagli E. Oxidant/Antioxidant Disequilibrium in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pathogenesis. Inflammation 2019; 43:1-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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